RU2325487C1 - Method of constructing framework without longitudinal girder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, superstructures.

SUBSTANCE: principle applies to construction field, partly to the method of constructing building frames without girders. The technical result of the principle involves shortening the construction period of buildings. In this method of constructing the building frame, the connection of adjoining columns and the floor slabs is done by means of stretched reinforcement bars during installation. Before tensioning of each blade of lower floor slabs, columns are placed jointly with the machining attachments. A strut is mounted under the slab, levelled together with assembly stools on the columns and are placed on these stools and stripe veneer struts and floor slabs are mounted, side beams, balcony slabs. Then concrete is poured in joints between floor slab and column edges. When the concrete gains 75% design strength, preliminary tensioning of lower blade of floor slabs is done, excluding the displacement of columns from design position.

EFFECT: reduction of building construction periods.

4 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and is intended for the construction of buildings with tensioning reinforcement in construction conditions.

A known method of construction of the frame of the building [AS No. 1386716, decl. 01/17/1986], including the installation of columns, laying of floor slabs and crossbars, combining the frame elements with prestressed reinforcement and the subsequent monolithic joints between the frame elements, and after laying the floor slabs in the alignment between the columns, metal shields are set against the outside of the frame, and after tension reinforcement, the space between the floor slabs and panels is concreted with the simultaneous formation of monolithic crossbars and sealing joints with floor slabs.

The disadvantage of this method is the high material consumption and the complexity associated with the installation of metal panels, as well as the availability of special equipment and devices, this method requires technological breaks necessary to gain strength of the concrete mixture during installation of the next floor of the building.

The known invention is a method implemented by a prefabricated prefabricated concrete frame structure [SFRY Patent No. 25452, published 03/31/1996], in which the transfer of prestressing forces to concrete, where before the tension of the reinforcement it is necessary to ensure the solidity of the overlap disk by filling (caulking) with cement a solution of joints between columns and prefabricated floor slabs until the required at least 70% design strength of the solution in the joints is achieved.

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of a technological break, immediately before the tension of the reinforcement necessary for hardening the solution in contact joints during installation of the next disk of floor slabs.

Closest to the claimed method relates to a method of erecting a bezelless frame with prestressed ceilings [Patent RU No. 2147328, decl. 04/09/1998], including columns and floor slabs supported on them, the combination of which is performed by reinforcing bars that are tensioned during installation, and mounting spacers of adjustable length are installed between adjacent columns above or below the floor level, to which the efforts of the tensile reinforcement are transmitted. These mounting (inventory) spacers are placed along the axes of the building, resting on them the formwork of a monolithic overlap. This eliminates the technological interruptions necessary for filling the joints between the prefabricated plates and columns and the time for hardening this solution. The transmission of the tension force from the struts to the floor can be made with a lag of 1-2 floors from the installation work on the construction of the frame.

A disadvantage of the known method for the voltage of the floor slabs is the sequential use of special mounting spacers in floors, which makes the construction material-intensive and also very time-consuming, since it requires both installation and dismantling of the spacers on the floors of the building being erected.

The objective of the developed method of erecting a bezelless frame with prestressing of the floor is to improve the construction technology by installing the upper disks of floor slabs together with laying cement-sand mortar in the joints between the grooves of the floor slabs and the faces of the columns and the seams between the floor slabs before prestressing each lower disk of the floor slabs.

Technical results that can be obtained using the proposed method:

- the construction of buildings ahead of 3 floors in comparison with the laying of walls and internal partitions;

- reducing the time of construction of buildings;

- the exclusion of technological interruptions in construction;

- simultaneous performance of several installation works;

- fixing the columns in the design position without the use of additional devices;

- the exception of the displacement of the columns from the design position when pulling the lower disk of the floor slabs;

- elimination of the effect of "reverse wedge" between the grooves of floor slabs and the faces of the columns;

- increasing the strength of the building structure and, accordingly, the safety of its operation.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the above results became possible for the method of erecting a bezel-less frame, which includes sequential prestressing of the floor of each floor by connecting adjacent columns with floor slabs by means of reinforcement which is tensioned during installation, which is carried out due to the fact that before the tension of each lower disk of floor slabs columns are installed together with technological equipment for mounting on these columns the upper disk of floor slabs, At the same time, racks are mounted under the floor slabs, they are leveled together with the mounting tables on the columns, then plywood strips are placed on these tables and racks and the floor slabs, side beams, balcony slabs are mounted, then the cement-sand mortar is laid in the joints between the slots of the slabs floors and the faces of the columns and the seams between the floor slabs, after gaining 75% of the design strength with a solution, pre-tension the lower disk of the floor slabs, excluding the displacement of the columns from the design position. In this case, the installation of floor slabs, side beams, balcony slabs is carried out so that the gap between the grooves of floor slabs, balcony slabs, side beams and the faces of the columns is 2 ÷ 3 cm, and at the same time, the reinforcement is prepared along the length for tensioning the lower disk of the floor slabs by measuring the distance along the axes of the columns after mounting the upper disk of floor slabs.

An inventive step is the creation of a high-tech method of erecting buildings and structures with a bezel-less frame, ensuring the exclusion of technological breaks and allowing sequentially erecting disks of floor slabs ahead of them by 3 floors in comparison with the erection of walls and partitions of a building by fixing columns with grooves of floor slabs, side beams , balcony slabs of the upper disks of floor slabs with cement-sand mortar to the tension of each lower disk of slabs. This makes it possible to pre-deliver building materials for the construction of walls and partitions to the erected disk before mounting the subsequent disk of floor slabs.

Fixing the columns in the design position with the cement-sand mortar laying in the contact seams between the grooves of the floor slabs and the faces of the columns and the seams between the floor slabs with a set of 75% design strength by successively erecting the disks of the floor slabs to the tension of the previous one, ensures clear equality of the gaps between the faces of the columns and grooves of floor slabs, balcony slabs, side beams, and this does not require special equipment and devices.

The inventive method of erecting a bezelless frame eliminates the appearance of residual deformations due to microdisplacements during the transmission of reinforcement stress to concrete in case of use of inventory (assembly) spacers, which is especially important in the critical zone of the junction of the faces of columns with grooves of floor slabs. Fixing the columns of the claimed method prevents them from shifting from the design position when the lower disk of the floor slabs is tensioned, which allows avoiding the “reverse wedge” effect, since the columns are exerted by external forces and they still perceive the weight of the floor slabs taking into account their design positioning.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures:

Figure 1. The facade of the building, including columns, fixed with mounting screeds, floor slabs, balcony slabs laid on mounting tables, mounting racks and cable fittings (side view).

Figure 2. The frame of the building, including columns, floor slabs, balcony slabs, side beams (top view).

Figure 3. Fragment of the connection of the floor slab and the columns with the technological gap between them and the cable fittings (section).

Figure 4. Fragment of the connection of floor slabs and side beams with a column by means of cable reinforcement (top view).

The building frame is formed by connecting the columns 1 to the floor slabs 2 by means of a cable reinforcement 3 tension (Fig. 1), which is mounted from the installation of the columns 1 with mounting tables 4 fixed on them into the foundation cups (not shown) and these columns are positioned in the design position by mounting ties 5, then installing the mounting racks 6 in the design position. Leveling of mounting racks 6 and mounting tables 4 is carried out at the design mark, then strips of plywood (not shown) are laid on said racks 6 and tables 4. After that carry out the layout of floor slabs 2, balcony slabs 7, side beams 8 in the design position (Fig.1-2). Then make contact joints 9 between the grooves (not shown) of the floor slabs 2, balcony slabs 7, side beams 8 and the edges (not shown) of the columns 1 and simultaneously the contact joints 10 between the floor slabs 2 are monolithic. After the solution reaches 75% of the design strength in the monolithic contact seams 9 and 10 (Fig. 3) pre-tension the cable reinforcement 3 with subsequent transfer of stress to the concrete, thus forming a disk (not shown) of floor slabs 2. Having mounted several disks of floor slabs 2 on columns 1 in ram passes therethrough cable fittings 3 (Figures 1-4) begin to mounting columns on the next adjacent set previously in a similar manner to the method exercising the erection of the building. Moreover, the pre-tensioning of the cable reinforcement 3 of the disk of the floor slabs 2 is carried out after the installation of the next disk of the floor slabs 2 above it on the mounting tables 4 and the mounting racks 6 with contact seams 9 and 10 that have acquired 75% of the design strength, and then sequentially after the installed plate disk floors 2 make installation of the next to the tension of the two previous ones. This allows you to fix the columns 1, gaining design strength, cement-sand mortar and to avoid their displacement from the design position when pulling each lower disk of floor slabs, thereby stabilizing the technological gap between the grooves (not shown) of floor slabs 2, balcony slabs 7, side beams 8 and faces (not shown) of columns 1.

With this method of installation, construction work is carried out ahead of 3 floors in comparison with the construction of walls and partitions of a building (not shown), this makes it possible to eliminate technological interruptions during the construction of the building and ensure the simultaneous continuous execution of several construction and installation works. In this case, before mounting the next disk of floor slabs onto the previous disk of floor slabs, delivery of building materials for the construction of walls and internal partitions (not shown) is carried out.

This method stabilizes the technological gap between the faces of the columns 1 and the grooves of the floor slabs 2, balcony slabs 7, side beams 8, which is in the range from 2 to 3 cm, and the fixation of the columns 1 when tensioning the previous disks of the floor slabs 2 does not require special devices and materials , as well as additional operations for its implementation.

The practical applicability of the invention is shown by the example of a specific use.

Example.

The erection of the frameless building frame is carried out with the installation of columns together with technological equipment in the form of mounting tables in the foundation cups, then the mounting racks are placed in the design position under the floor slabs. Immediately after this, leveling of the mounting racks and tables and the subsequent laying of plywood strips are carried out, after which the floor slabs, balcony slabs and side panels are laid out at the design marks, while the installation is carried out so that the gap between the grooves of the floor slabs and the faces of the columns is 2- 3 cm. Then, contact seams are cemented with a cement-sand mortar between the faces of the columns and the grooves of the floor slabs, balcony slabs, side beams and between the floor slabs. Preliminary, the reinforcement is prepared along the length, measuring the distance along the axes of the columns. After gaining 75% of the design strength with a solution, the cable reinforcement is pre-tensioned in two mutually perpendicular planes. After that, the channels of the columns are injected with cement-sand mortar together with rope reinforcement, after a set of 75% of the design strength of which the reinforcement is drawn down. Then produce monolithic contact seams with rope fittings. Thus, one disk of floor slabs is mounted. Similarly, the following disks of floor slabs are sequentially mounted one above the other, but before each lower disk of floor slabs is tensioned, the upper disk is mounted and the contact seams are inserted in it between the grooves of the floor slabs and the faces of the columns and between the floor slabs, after gaining 75% of the design strength of the mortar in these seams, the reinforcement of the lower disk of the floor slabs is pre-tensioned, followed by the downward pulling of the reinforcement and the further filling of the contact seams. At the same time, preparatory work is being carried out on the installation of the next disk of floor slabs, laying out another set of mounting devices and simultaneously delivering building materials for the erection of walls and internal partitions of the building. Thus, the installation of disks of floor slabs is carried out ahead of 3 floors in comparison with the laying of walls.

Characteristics:

- the displacement of the columns from the design position with the tension of the lower disk of floor slabs not more than ± 5%;

- ahead of the construction of the frame cell in comparison with the laying of walls and internal partitions, the number of floors 3;

- the presence of additional devices for fixing the columns, preventing their displacement from the design position, are absent.

The inventive method of construction of buildings and structures with a bezelless frame is high-tech, reduces the time of construction of buildings, eliminates technological breaks and allows you to erect disks of floor slabs ahead of 3 floors compared with the erection of walls and internal partitions of the building with the possibility of pre-delivery of building materials to the erected disk floor slabs before installing the next one by sequentially mounting subsequent upper disks of floor slabs together with laying cement-sand mortar into the contact seams between the grooves of the floor slabs and the faces of the columns and the seams between the floor slabs before prestressing each lower disk of the floor slabs.

Fixing the columns of the claimed method allows to ensure the equality of the gaps between the faces of the columns and the grooves of floor slabs, balcony slabs, side beams with a deviation of not more than ± 5% without the use of special equipment and devices, which increases the strength of the building structure and the safety of its operation, all this ultimately significantly reduces the cost of building construction.

Claims (1)

A method of erecting a bezel-less frame, including sequential prestressing of the overlap of each floor by connecting adjacent columns with floor slabs by means of reinforcement being tensioned during installation, characterized in that before tensioning each lower disk of floor slabs, columns are installed together with technological equipment for mounting the upper disk on these columns floor slabs, while under the floor slabs mount racks, they are leveled together with mounting tables on the columns, then plywood strips are laid on these tables and racks and the floor slabs, side beams, balcony slabs are mounted, then the cement-sand mortar is laid in the joints between the grooves of the floor slabs and the faces of the columns and in the joints between the floor slabs, after the solution has been filled with 75 % of design strength pre-tension the lower disk of floor slabs, excluding the displacement of columns from the design position, while installing floor slabs, side beams, balcony slabs so that the gap between the grooves or Overlap balcony slabs, side beams and the faces of the columns was 3.2 cm, while the workpiece is carried along the length of fittings for tensioning the lower floor slabs disc by measuring the distance along the axes of columns, after the top drive assembly floor slabs.

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