RU2303023C2 - Composition of the granulated explosive material and the method of its preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry; methods of production of the granulated explosive materials.

SUBSTANCE: the group of inventions is pertaining to the field of the industrial explosive materials and presents the method of preparation of the granulated explosive material, in which first mix the emulsion and the granulated ammonium nitrate. The produced mixture is intermixed with the solid combustible additive till production of the homogeneous mass. As the emulsion use the reverse water-resistant emulsion for preparation of the poremit or emulsolite in the amount of 5-10 mass % from the composition of the granulated explosive material, and as the solid combustible additive use the powdery coal and the aluminum powder in the amount of 5-10 mass % from the composition of the granulated explosive material. The invention presents the granulated explosive material prepared by the given method. The purpose of the invention is production of the granulated explosive material with the stable explosive properties at storing.

EFFECT: the group of inventions ensures production of the granulated explosive material with the stable explosive properties at storing.

2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting and can be used in the manufacture and blasting of granular explosives such as granulites for blasting a rock mass in sections in the mining industry.

At present, granular explosives (granulites) are used in the mining industry of various countries, which are based on granular ammonium nitrate, combustible liquid additives (petroleum products) and special additives to stabilize the chemical and physical resistance of explosives.

As a stabilizer, solid finely dispersed substances (aluminum powder, coal powder, etc.) are usually used, which play the role of combustible additives and disintegrants that prevent the flow of liquid additives from nitrate granules and increase the stability of the properties of explosives.

Stabilizers are an essential component, since the quality of explosives and the energy of an explosion depend on their effectiveness (B.N. Kutuzov. Blasting operations. - M .: Nedra, 1980, p. 75).

Granular explosives of the granulite type are known containing liquid fuel 1-4%, combustible stabilizing additives 1-5% and granular ammonium nitrate - the rest is up to 100%.

The manufacturing technology consists in the fact that in the process of manufacturing granulites or in the process of charging them, liquid fuel and stabilizing additives are introduced into ammonium nitrate, which are thoroughly mixed with it.

The closest to the proposed is the composition of the granular explosive used in Russia for the preparation of class 1 explosive composition: granulite UP-1 (TU 12.0173903.007-89), containing the following components, wt.%:

granular ammonium nitrate 93.0 liquid oil 3,5 coal powder 3,5

Coal powder is added to ammonium nitrate, pre-oiled with liquid petroleum product, in order to stabilize granulite and improve the explosive properties of granular explosive.

A method of preparing a known granular explosive consists in the fact that granular ammonium nitrate is pre-mixed with liquid combustible oil products, and then the resulting mixture is dusted with coal powder by mixing it with it.

The main disadvantage of the known explosive is the instability of the explosive properties, because coal powder due to the large amount (up to 3.5-4% of the composition of explosives) does not ensure uniform mixing of the components of granulite. In the case of a decrease in the composition of the coal powder, the likelihood of runoff of liquid oil from the nitrate granules increases, which leads to the separation of the composition of the explosive, causing a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of explosives.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the composition of granulite containing granular ammonium nitrate, liquid and solid combustible additives, a waterproof emulsion is used as a liquid combustible additive, the components being taken in the following ratio, wt.%:

granular ammonium nitrate 82-90 emulsion 5-10 pulverulent (powder) additive 5-10

Water-resistant ("inverse" water-in-oil emulsion), which is an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate or its mixture with urea (urea) or with sodium or calcium nitrate mixed with liquid petroleum products and an emulsifier), an emulsion intended for the manufacture of emulsion explosives ( poremit, emulsolit, etc.), is introduced within the limits of its influence on the granular properties loose properties. The emulsion is introduced in an amount of 5-10% of the composition of the explosive, while reducing the consumption of more expensive components of explosives (liquid petroleum products - diesel fuel, industrial oils, etc.) than the emulsion.

New in the method is that first the emulsion is mixed with ammonium nitrate, and then dusted with a dusty combustible additive (coal, aluminum powder, etc.). If the explosive composition is prepared in a different sequence, there is a likelihood of an uneven distribution of explosive components in the composition, as well as a deterioration in technological properties (loss of flowability).

The set of features, including the fact that the emulsion is introduced into the composition of granulites and its mixing with granular nitrate is done before dusting it with a dust additive, meets the criterion of "Novelty".

By introducing an emulsion into the composition of granulite, new properties are achieved that make it possible to recognize a technical solution that meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

In particular, by eliminating liquid petroleum products, the uniformity of mixing of combustible additives with granular nitrate is ensured, which increases the stability of granulite detonation.

In addition to the above, a new property is an increase in the explosive characteristics of granulite (brisance) by increasing the density of explosives, due to the fact that the density of known liquid petroleum products is only 0.75-0.85 g / cm ³ and the emulsion is 1.2-1.4 g / cm ³ .

Thus, the introduction of an emulsion into granulite compositions based on granular ammonium nitrate and combustible dusty additives provides a new effect - increasing the stability of explosive properties due to the uniform distribution of dusty additives in explosives and increasing the efficiency of explosive properties.

Until now, waterproof emulsions based on aqueous solutions of nitrate or nitrate and carbomide and liquid petroleum products with an emulsifier have been used as the main component of emulsion explosives, where by introducing gas-forming additives, the emulsion was converted from non-explosive into explosives.

In the proposed explosive, the emulsion is used for a new purpose with a new positive effect. The amount of the additive introduced from the emulsion into granulite is limited by certain limits from 5 to 10%, which is due, firstly, to the detonation ability of explosives, depending on the content of granular nitrate and combustible additives in them, and secondly, the uniform distribution of its components in the explosives.

To determine the properties of the proposed granulites, prototypes of various compositions were made. The manufacturing technology based on UP-1 granulite manufacturing technology consisted in the fact that granular ammonium nitrate and emulsion (Poremita-1A) were pre-mixed in a water tank, and then the resulting mixture was mixed with a dusty combustible additive (coal, aluminum powder) until obtaining a homogeneous mass.

The results of comparative tests are shown in the table.

The table shows that the granulite compositions containing the emulsion have increased explosive characteristics. In addition, granulites containing emulsion are more stable in detonation properties than just explosives.

The proposed granulites have the following advantages over the known:

- have increased explosive properties;

- provide stable explosive properties during storage of explosives.

Table Test results of mixed explosives with different content of oily sodium chloride The content of components in the compositions and characteristics of explosives Granulite UP-1 (prototype) Samples of the compositions (experienced) Ammonium nitrate,% 93 90 90 88 83 80 86 82 87 Liquid oil,% 3,5 - - - - - - - - Emulsion% - four 5 5 10 13 6 10 5 Coal Powder,% 3,5 6 5 7 7 7 6 - - Aluminum powder,% - - - - - - 2 8 8 The value of indicators Bang day one thirty one thirty one thirty one thirty one thirty one thirty one thirty one thirty one thirty Brisance, mm eighteen fifteen eighteen eighteen twenty twenty 22 22 eighteen eighteen eighteen eighteen 24 24 28 28 26 26 Efficiency mm 34 32 34 34 35 35 36 36 34 34 34 34 36 36 38 38 37 37 The critical diameter of the open charge, mm 120 120 120 120 one hundred one hundred 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred

Claims (2)

1. A method of preparing a granular explosive, comprising mixing granular nitrate, emulsion and a solid combustible additive, characterized in that the emulsion and granular ammonium nitrate are first mixed, the resulting mixture is mixed with a solid combustible additive until a homogeneous mass is obtained, while the reverse is used as an emulsion waterproof emulsion for the preparation of poremite or emulsolite in an amount of 5-10 wt.% of the composition of the granular explosive, and as a solid combustible obavki using pulverized coal and aluminum powder in an amount of 5-10 wt.% of the composition of the granular explosive. 2. Granular explosive prepared by the method according to claim 1.