RU2150483C1 - Charcoal production apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for producing charcoal from wood and wood wastes by pyrolysis method. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has combustion chamber and pyrolysis chamber with withdrawable retorts. Pyrolysis chamber is isolated from environment by drying chambers having walls common with pyrolysis chamber. Drying chambers are interconnected through gas conduit. EFFECT: reduced heat loss and increased efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of producing coal from wood and its wastes and can be used in timber industry enterprises, forestries and woodworking enterprises.

 A device is known (RF patent N 2115689, class C 10 B 1/04, 1997), including a firebox and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts [1].

The process of obtaining charcoal in a known device is carried out in steel retorts without access of oxygen by heating to a temperature of about 450 ^o C flue gases entering the pyrolysis chamber from the furnace. Under the influence of heat, wood is first dried, and then it is thermally decomposed to carbon - pyrolysis. In the process of pyrolysis, pyrogases are formed, which exit through the holes in the bottom of the retort and burn in the pyrolysis chamber with the release of additional heat.

The known device has the following disadvantages. To obtain a temperature inside the retort of 450 ^o C, the flue gases inside the pyrolysis chamber must have a temperature of 600 - 650 ^o C. At a high temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber and existing safety requirements that limit the temperature of the outer walls of the apparatus 55 ^o C, the walls of the pyrolysis chamber have a complex structure and advanced thermal insulation to prevent heat loss.

 Drying the wood inside the retort in the same chamber in which pyrolysis is carried out more than halves the productivity of the device, because drying time longer than pyrolysis.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the device by reducing heat loss and increasing productivity.

 This goal is achieved in that the pyrolysis chamber is isolated from the surrounding space by drying chambers with removable retorts, the drying chambers have common walls with the pyrolysis chamber and are connected to each other in series by a gas duct.

 The invention is illustrated by the diagram in figure 1 and a top view in figure 2.

 A device for producing charcoal consists of a furnace 1, a pyrolysis chamber 2 with removable retorts 3, drying chambers 4 and 5 with removable retorts 6 and 7. The chamber 4 is connected to the chamber 2 of the duct 8 having an opening 9. The chambers 4 and 5 are interconnected flue 10. The chamber 5 has an outlet 11.

 Retorts 3, 6 and 7 are installed on the arches of chambers 2, 4 and 5 with a sand seal and are closed with heat-insulating covers 12. The bottoms of retorts 3, 6 and 7 have hinged covers with holes.

The device operates as follows. In the furnace 1, some fuel is burned, for example firewood, and flue gases are obtained with a temperature of about 600 - 650 ^o C. The flue gases enter the pyrolysis chamber 2 and heat the retorts 3. The temperature inside the retorts rises to 450 ^o C, and thermal decomposition occurs wood with obtaining coal and combustible pyrogases. Through a hole in the bottoms of the retort, the pyrogases exit into the chamber 2 and burn out in it with the release of additional heat for the process. From the pyrolysis chamber 2, flue gases enter the drying chamber 4 through the gas duct 8, in which they are diluted with air entering through the opening 9 to a temperature of 250 - 300 ^o C. From the chamber 4, the flue gases through the duct 10 enter the drying chamber 5. In the chambers 4 and 5, the retorts are heated with the temperature rising to 200 - 250 ^o C, as a result of which the wood is dried in retorts 6 and 7. Water vapor leaves the retorts through holes in their bottoms and together with the flue gases it is removed through hole 11 and sent into the chimney. Lids 12 protect the retort vaults from cooling.

 Wet wood raw materials are laid in retorts and placed with a crane in the drying chambers. After the drying process is completed, the retorts are removed from the drying chambers by a crane and installed in the pyrolysis chamber. After the end of the pyrolysis of the wood, hot retorts with ready-made charcoal are removed from the pyrolysis chamber and installed in a cassette for cooling on a sand shutter. The operating mode of the device is continuous for the operation of the device as a whole and periodic for the course of the process in each retort. The time shift between the operations of extraction and laying of retorts is equal to the duration of the pyrolysis divided by the number of retorts that are simultaneously in the pyrolysis chamber. In this mode, a stable operation of the device without sharp temperature fluctuations in the drying and pyrolysis chambers is achieved.

When the temperature inside the drying chambers is up to 300 ^o C, their thermal insulation is less expensive compared to the thermal insulation of the pyrolysis chamber (inside temperature up to 650 ^o C). The arrangement of the walls of the pyrolysis chamber in this case is greatly simplified, since they carry only a constructive function. The use of waste heat after pyrolysis for drying wood can approximately double the productivity of the carbonization process and make more rational use of the heat generated during the pyrolysis.

Literary sources
1. Yudkevich Yu.D., Ivanov AS, Svirin LV, Device for producing charcoal. - RF patent N2115689, C 10 B 53/02, C 10 B 1/04. - Application. N97101139 / 25 from 01.24.97, publ. 07/20/98, Bull. N20.

Claims (1)

 A device for producing charcoal, including a furnace and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts, characterized in that the pyrolysis chamber is isolated from the surrounding space by drying chambers, the drying chambers have common walls with the pyrolysis chamber and are connected in series by a gas duct.

Images