KR980013117A - How to process aggregate information of V5.2 interface using basic channel connection table - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a collection information processing method for accommodating more user ports than a time slot secured at a V5.2 interface point between an access network element (ANE) and a local exchange (LE) And more particularly to a method of processing an aggregate information processing method capable of more effectively performing a collecting function using a basic channel connection table (hereinafter referred to as a BCC table) capable of indicating the current state of a user port and a time slot . The aggregate information processing method according to the present invention records all the user-port aggregation-related information received by the ANE and the LE into the BCC table, and continuously records the variation status in the BCC table. When the aggregate- And the receiver analyzes the message type and the aggregation information element to accurately understand the task to be performed, and transmits the self-related BCC The table is searched to perform an operation in consideration of the current status of the aggregation target user port and the time slot allocation priority so that information on the user port can be accurately managed and informed to the other party as it is. In addition, by assigning the time slot assignment priority, the dedicated line can be assigned to the first order to assign the time slot at all times, and the emergency line or the line having a large amount of traffic is preferentially assigned to the second, third, It is possible to reduce the traffic of the aggregation-related message. Also, by including all of the information element ID, information element length, user port ID, link ID, time slot ID, state, and priority in one set information element, information element ID, information element length field The use of the header is reduced by one in comparison with the case of adding the header of 2 octets corresponding to the user terminal ID, the link ID, and the time slot ID, So that more detailed information can be exchanged.

Description

How to process aggregate information of V5.2 interface using basic channel connection table

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a subscriber network to which the present invention is applied,

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a message structure of a basic channel connection (BCC) protocol and a structure of an aggregation information element according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing a BCC table data structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the aggregation information processing of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

1: Access Network Element (ANE)

2,6: V5.2 Interface (V5.2 Interface)

3,5: Synchronous Transfer Mode Multiplexer (STM MUX)

4: STM-n (synchronous transmission method n gradation signal) optical transmission link

7: Local Exchange (LE)

8: User port connection

9 and 16: a BCC processing unit (Bearer Channel Connection Processor)

10: Time Slot Switch

11: V5.2 Link connection

12,17: BCC table (Bearer Channel Connection Table)

13,18: Resource Manager

14, 19:

20: BCC protocol (Bearer Channel Connection Protocal) message structure

21: Aggregate information element structure

30: BCC table (Bearer Channel Connection Table) data structure

40 ~ 86: Flow of the information processing of the aggregation information

The present invention is applicable to a larger number of subscribers than a time slot secured at a V5.2 interface point between an access network element (hereinafter referred to as ANE) and a local exchange (hereinafter referred to as LE) (Hereinafter referred to as " BCC table ") that can indicate the current status of a user port and a time slot. And more particularly, to a method and system for processing information on a collection line that can more efficiently perform a collection function.

Currently, in the domestic optical network, the time slot and the subscriber line are connected 1: 1 without using the tangent function between the ANE and the LE.

For example, the V2 interface, which is a digital transmission 1 level signal having a transmission rate of 2,048 kbps, is composed of a total of 32 time slots. The 0 time slot is used for transmission of signal synchronization and maintenance information, And allocates 30 subscriber lines to 1: 1 in the remaining 30 timeslots. Although the V5 interface series is different from the V2 interface using the channel-coupled signaling method in that it uses the common line signaling method, in the case of the electrical characteristics, the V2, V5.1 and V5.2 interfaces all have the same 2,048- I have.

In 1994, the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) established a basic channel access protocol (hereinafter referred to as " Bearer Channel Connection Protocol (BCC) " The V5.2 interface selects up to 16 2,048 kbps links and selects one of the 30 time slots for subscribers from the selected link A method for allocating an arbitrary time slot to a user port only at the time of requesting a subscriber to use a line is referred to as a dynamic time slot allocation. By dynamic time slot allocation, for example, Assuming that the maximum number of subscribers that simultaneously use a line in the subscriber line accommodating 120 subscribers is 60, It can be obtained a 1 aggregation effect: a 2 for accommodating the subscriber 120.

However, in the BCC protocol of the V5.2 interface announced by ETSI, a message such as call initiation, time slot allocation, time slot release, call release, etc. is allocated to a subscriber network A Link Identifier (hereinafter referred to as Link ID), and a Time Slot Identifier (hereinafter referred to as a time slot ID (hereinafter referred to as a " Time Slot ID ") in the other information element field of the V5EF (V5 Envelope Function) And a User Port Identifier (hereinafter referred to as a User Port Identifier) into separate Information Elements. Therefore, in order to request time slot allocation, a link ID information element consisting of an information element unique number, an information element length and a link ID field (Field), a time slot ID information composed of an information element unique number, an information element length and a time slot ID field Element, an information element unique number, an information element length, and a user port ID field, to the other information element field of the time slot assignment request message. In addition, information elements for special management of lines that need to be allocated priority timeslots, such as leased lines, high-frequency lines, emergency lines installed for emergency situations such as fire and crime report, and processing methods therefor There is no V5.2 BCC protocol. Also, since there is no data structure for managing such information elements, there is a problem in collecting all information at the time of sending and receiving the message and informing the other party of the information.

Accordingly, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a data structure and a processing procedure for structuring and managing system information in a minimum size in processing the BCC protocol of the V5.2 interface, It is aimed at.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an information processing system including a collection information element structure in which a user port ID, a link ID, a time slot ID information element, a state, and a priority are configured as one information element, A BCC table as a data structure for storing information elements and a collective information processing procedure for processing a collecting information by searching and updating a BCC table upon receiving a Bearer Channel Connection Protocol Message (hereinafter referred to as BCC message) And a control unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features, and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an optical subscriber network to which the present invention is applied.

The ANE 1 includes a user port connection unit 8 for connecting to a subscriber's terminal, a basic channel connection processor 9 (hereinafter, referred to as a BCC processing unit) for installing the collective processing procedure software of the present invention, A time slot switch 10 (Time Slot Switch) for temporarily storing digital information input from a port and a V5 link and outputting the digital information to a specific time slot or a specific user port, user data from a time slot switch 10 and a BCC processing unit A V5.2 link connection unit 11 for arranging the aggregation information or the like generated by the user terminal 9 in the digital primary scoring signal frame and connecting it to other devices at a rate of 2,048 Kbps, A resource manager 13 for monitoring the state of the user port and monitoring the status information column of the BCC table 12 to perform time slot allocation and time slot cancellation, Including the interface consists of tracking systems management (14) to perform the initialization systems and maintenance functions.

The synchronous transmission apparatuses 3 and 5 receive up to 63 2,048 Kbps digital transmission 1 gradation signals and transmit the multiplexed signals to the synchronous transmission apparatus connected to the synchronous optical transmission link 4 through the synchronous transmission n gradation signal.

The LE 7 temporarily stores voice and digital information of a POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) and an ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) subscriber and transmits the voice and digital information to a local user port terminated at an arbitrary time slot on the V5.2 link or the exchange itself A processing procedure for allocating or releasing a specific user port to any time slot on the V5 link by a POTS / ISDN switch for outputting and a call initiation and call release request of the call processing section 15 or a BCC message extracted from the V5.2 link A BCC processing unit 16 for monitoring the status of the user port and recording in the status information field of the BCC table 17, a BCC table 17 for monitoring the status information column, A BCC table 17 for storing user port IDs, link IDs, time slot IDs, statuses, and priority information of each user port, an interface between the local exchange and the operator, system initialization and maintenance And a system management unit 19 that performs functions.

FIG. 2 shows the BCC protocol message structure 20 and the aggregation information element structure 21 of the present invention.

The BCC protocol message structure 20 is a basic format that is commonly inserted in all messages related to the BCC protocol in the V5.2 interface. The first and last octets indicate the start and end of the V5EF (V5 Envelope Funcion) frame. And the second, third, fourth and fifth octets of the V5 data link address are duplicated in the same manner. The address value of the BCC protocol is "111111c / r0 & The control field of the 6th and 7th octets and the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field of the n-1 and the n-2th octet are the Link Access Procedure on the D -channel: Link access procedure on the D-channel) Follow the protocol specification.

The BCC Reference Number of the 9th and 10th octets is the reference number assigned to the message and remains in effect until the processing of the message is terminated. The message type field is a message identification number, and uniquely numbers the call initiation request, time slot assignment request, BCC table edit request, and call release request time slot release request message for the aggregation information processing of the present invention as a message identification number .

The other information element field is a column for storing an information element necessary for processing the message in addition to a specific message type, and the aggregation information element of the present invention is recorded in the other information element field.

The aggregation information element structure 21 belongs to the other information elements of the V5EF BCC protocol message format and includes a call start request, a time slot assignment request, a BCC table edit request, a call release request, a time slot release It is attached to the request message.

An Information Element Identifier (hereinafter referred to as an Information Element ID) is a unique number for uniquely identifying an Aggregation Information Element among the V5EF Other Information Elements. The information element length is a field indicating the size of the aggregation information element defined by the present invention in units of octets, and the length value of the aggregation information element is 8. The user port ID is a number that uniquely designates a port directly connected to the POTS / ISDN user terminal and indicates a processing target port of a specific message.

The PSTN subscriber line allocates one time slot, the ISDN subscriber line allocates two time slots, the nX64 kbps dedicated line allocates n time slots, and the distinction between PSTN and ISDN indicates that the first bit of the user port ID high If the value is 1, the PSTN user port is the ISDN user port when the bit # 1 of the user port ID high is 00 and the bit # 1 of the user port ID lower is 1. The link ID is a unique number of the V5.2 link to be used. The time slot ID indicates the status of the port designated by the user port ID and the operation to be processed among the 30 timeslots in the V5.2 link specified as the link ID. Status information for user ports such as start, end call, busy, failure status, unused, under test, call processing, etc., and job information to be processed such as time slot allocation and time slot cancellation. The priority field is a limited time slot, which means that the number of timeslots is greater than the number of timeslots (i.e., the number of timeslots can not be assigned to all user ports at the same time by using the aggregation function to accommodate more subscribers) And has the purpose of allocating time slots according to the priority when a request is generated. In addition, the leased line is set to the first rank so that the time slot can be allocated at all times, and emergency lines installed for urgent situations such as lines for private exchanges, lines with a large number of calls such as search service lines, It is possible to reduce the traffic of the aggregation-related message by preferentially processing the general user port designated by the second rank and designating the third rank. The size of the information element ID, the size of the information element, the size of the link ID, the size of the time slot ID, the status information, and the priority information column are one octet and the size of the user port ID information column is two octets.

FIG. 3 is an aggregation information table 30 of the present invention. The data structure of the collection information table is a data structure that can easily search information related to time slot allocation of a user port by designating a user port. One user port is associated with each row, and a user port ID, ID, a time slot ID, a status, and a priority information column.

The user port ID is a number that uniquely designates a port directly connected to the POTS / ISDN user terminal and indicates a processing target port of a specific message. The PSTN subscriber line allocates one time slot, the ISDN subscriber line allocates two time slots, the nX64 kbps dedicated line allocates n time slots, and the distinction between PSTN and ISDN indicates that the first bit of the user port ID high If the bit is 1, the ISDN user port is 1. The link ID is a unique number of the V5.2 link to be used, and the time slot ID is a time slot number assigned to a specific user port designated by the user port ID among the 30 time slots in the V5.2 link specified by the link ID.

The status information field indicates the status of the port designated by the user port ID and a task to be processed, and includes status information on user ports such as call start, call termination, busy status, failure status, unused status, Slot assignment, time slot cancellation, and so on. The priority field can not allocate a time slot to all user ports at the same time by using the aggregation function that accommodates more subscribers than the number of times slots with a limited time slot, Function, it is not possible to allocate time slots to all the user ports at the same time. Therefore, it has a purpose to allocate time slots according to the priorities when call origination requests are simultaneously issued from user ports larger than the number of times slots. In addition, the leased line is set to the first rank so that the time slot can be allocated at all times, and emergency lines installed for urgent situations such as lines for private exchanges, lines with a large number of calls such as search service lines, It is possible to reduce the traffic of the aggregation-related message by preferentially processing the general user port designated by the second rank and designating the third rank.

The size of the information element ID, the size of the information element, the link ID, the time slot ID, the status information, and the priority information column are 1 byte and the size of the user port ID information column is 2 bytes.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the aggregation information processing of the present invention. The collective information processing procedure includes a message reception waiting state 40, a BCC table editing procedure 41 to 46, a call initiation procedure 51 to 56, a time slot allocation procedure 61 to 66, a call termination procedure 71 to 76, And time slot release procedures 81 to 86, respectively. The BCC processing unit 9 of the ANE 1 and the BCC processing unit 16 of the LE 7 receive an internal message between the own resource managers 13 and 18 and the BCC processing units 9 and 16 The BCC processing unit 9 of the ANE 1 and the BCC processing unit 16 of the LE 7 receive the BCC protocol message 40 and receive the collection related message 41, 51, 61, 71, Reads the message type field, drives the corresponding processing procedure, and passes the collecting information element 21 included in the message to the processing procedure.

The BCC table edit request message is used for initializing or changing the contents of the aggregation information table. When the BCC table edit request message is received (41), the user port column of the BCC table 30 is searched for (43) If the same value does not exist, it is registered as a new user port (44). Then, the message transmission side transmits the edit completion message to the next message transmission side and returns to the reception waiting state (40). If it is determined that the user port is already registered, the status information field 35 of the corresponding user port is additionally searched in the BCC table and the subscriber tries to make a call, or if the system is allocating a time slot (43) (46), and returns to the reception waiting state. If the corresponding user port is not used (43), the received tangential information element is copied to the BCC table (45) and then returned to the reception waiting state again.

When the subscriber initiates a call, the resource manager detects a signal generated from the telephone when the subscriber lifts the handset of the telephone to transmit the call start request message to the BCC processing unit. When the BCC processing unit receives the call start request message (51) (52) If the number of timeslots is greater than the total number of available time slots, the call initiation status value is set in the status information column of the corresponding user port in the BCC table (54) a time slot allocation request message is transmitted to the LE side (55); otherwise, a call initiation rejection is notified (56).

When the time slot assignment request message is received (61), the BCC table is searched (62), the total available time slot number is t, the time slot sum of the user ports registered in the first order is p1, P2 is the time slot sum, u2 is the sum of the time slots in use by the user ports registered in the second order, u3 is the sum of the time slots in use by the user ports registered in the third order, R is determined to be allocable if the first rank user port is allocable and the second rank user port is determined to be allocable if ((t-p1-u2-u3) > r) If the third-ranked user port is ((t-p1-u2-u3)? R), it is determined that allocation is possible. If it is determined that the time slot can be allocated, the time slot allocation status is written in the status information column of the BCC table, and the time slot ID and link ID of the available time slot are referred to the status of the BCC table by referring to the link ID column and the time slot ID column of the BCC table Writes the time slot allocation status in the information field, refers to the link ID column and time slot ID column of the BCC table, writes the time slot ID and link ID of the available time slot in the corresponding information column of the BCC table (64) And transmits a slot allocation complete message (65). If it is determined that the time slot can not be allocated, a time slot assignment reject message is transmitted to the other party.

The call terminating request message is generated by the resource manager when the subscriber puts down the handset of the telephone to terminate the call. The BCC processing unit receives the call end request message (71) (72) If the time slot is allocated, it is determined that the call termination is possible. Otherwise, it is determined that the call termination is not possible (73). If it is determined that call termination is possible, call termination is indicated in the status information field of the BCC table (74), and a time slot release request message is transmitted to the other party (75). If it is determined that call termination is not possible, .

If the time slot cancellation request message is received (81), the state information field of the BCC table is searched (82). If it is the call end state, it is determined that the time slot can be released. Otherwise, it is determined that the time slot can not be released (83). If it is determined that the time slot can be released, the state information field of the BCC table is changed to the time slot release state value, the time slot-ID field and the link-ID field are changed to an initial value indicating that they are not used (84) And transmits a slot release complete message (85). If it is determined that the time slot can not be released, the time slot release rejection message is notified to the other party (86).

After the series of operations according to the received message is completed and the task result message is transmitted, the process returns to the waiting state (40) again (45, 46, 55, 56, 65, 66, 75, 76, 86).

As described above, according to the present invention, the aggregation-related information of all the user ports accommodated by the ANE and the LE are recorded in the respective BCC tables, the variation status is continuously recorded in the BCC table, When the message is transmitted, the aggregation information of the aggregation target user port is extracted from the BCC table, and the collected aggregation information is formed into the aggregation information element format. Then, the aggregation information element is transmitted to the aggregation related message and the receiver analyzes the message type and aggregation information element And searches the own BCC table to perform an operation in consideration of the current situation of the aggregation target user port and the time slot allocation priority, so that the information on the user port can be accurately managed and informed to the other side. In addition, by assigning the time slot allocation priority, the dedicated line can be assigned to the first rank to allocate the time slot at all times, and the traffic of the emergency related line or the line related message having a large call volume can be reduced. Also, by including all of the information element ID, information element length, user port ID, link ID, time slot ID, state, and priority in one set information element, information element ID, information element length field The use of the header is reduced by one in comparison with the case of adding the header of 2 octets corresponding to the number of packets to the user port ID, the link ID, and the time slot ID, So that more detailed information can be exchanged.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. will be.

Claims (11)

A method for processing an aggregation information between an ANE and an LE, the method comprising the steps of: creating a BCC table capable of reading and writing information about each user port; ; Creating an aggregation information element that can deliver the contents of the BBC table to the peer; Receiving an aggregation related message including an aggregation information element in a V5EF BCC protocol message format; And a bundle information processing step of processing a series of information on the bundle-related message and storing the result in a BCC table and notifying the result to the other party. Processing method. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ANE temporarily stores digital information input from a user port connection unit connected to a subscriber terminal, a BCC processing unit including a collection processing procedure software, a user port, and a V5 link, A BCC table capable of reading and writing the user port ID, link ID, time slot ID, status information, and priority information for each user port, user data from the time slot switch, A V5.2 link connection unit arranged in a signal frame on a digital primary system and connected to another device, a resource manager for monitoring time information of the BCC table and executing time slot allocation and release, and an ANE and an operator Interface and a system manager for performing system initialization and maintenance functions. A method of processing aggregate information of V5.2 interface using C table. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LE is a POTS / ISDN switch for temporarily storing voice and digital information of POTS and ISDN subscribers and outputting to a local user port terminated at any time slot on the V5.2 link or the exchange itself, The processing unit allocates a specific user port to any time slot on the V5 link by the aggregation related message extracted from the V5.2 link for terminating the subscriber line via the V5.2 interface without terminating the subscriber line directly at the exchange A BCC processing unit for installing the bundle information processing procedure software for disabling or releasing the bundle information processing procedure, and a BCC table for monitoring the status of the user port, and monitoring the status information column of the BCC table, Administrator, user port ID, link ID, time slot ID, status information, and priority information for each user port A BCC table, an interface between the LE and the operator, and a system management unit for performing a system initialization and maintenance function, as well as an interface between the LE and the operator. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the BCC table associates one user port for each row and includes a user port ID column uniquely designating a user port connected to the subscriber terminal, A time slot ID column as a time slot unique number assigned to a specific user port specified as a user port ID, a status of a port designated by the user port ID, and a task to be processed, among the time slots in the V5.2 link specified by the ID column and the link ID A status information column for storing status information on a user port and job information to be processed; a dedicated line when a call origination and time slot allocation request is generated from a user port that is larger than the number of timeslots; And a priority information column for assigning time slots according to the priorities by classifying the plurality of circuits into the second order and the other circuits into the third order. A method of processing aggregate information of V5.2 interface using BCC table. The system according to claim 1, wherein the aggregation information element is an information element ID, which is a unique number for uniquely identifying the aggregation information element among the V5EF other information elements, an information element length indicating the size of the aggregation information element, A link ID that is a unique number of a V5.2 link to be used, a time slot allocated to a specific user port specified as a user port ID in a time slot in a V5.2 link designated as a link ID, A time slot ID as a unique number, a status of a port designated by the user port ID, and status information indicating a job to be processed and status information about the user port and job information to be processed, When the initiation and time slot allocation request occurs, the dedicated line is classified into the first rank, the emergency line or the line with a large traffic volume is ranked second, and the other lines are classified into the third rank And a priority information for assigning time slots according to a priority order. The method of claim 1, wherein the aggregation information processing step comprises: waiting for receiving a collection-related message including an aggregation information element in a V5EF BCC protocol message format; Performing a BCC table editing step, a call starting step, a time slot allocating step, a call terminating step, and a time slot releasing step according to a message type received in the step .2 how to process the aggregate information of the interface. [7] The method of claim 6, wherein the BCC table editing step comprises: searching a user port column of the BCC table after receiving the BCC table edit request message and searching for a value equal to a user port ID of the received aggregate information element; If the same value is not found in the searching step, registering the new user port and transmitting an edit completion message to the message sender and returning to a reception waiting state; And if the value is the same as the already registered user port in the searching step, the status information field of the corresponding user port is further searched in the BCC table and the subscriber tries to make a call, or if the system is allocating a time slot, And returns to the reception waiting state. If the user port is not used or the time slot is not allocated, the step of copying the received aggregation information element to the BCC table and then returning to the reception waiting state Wherein the BCC table is used for the V5.2 interface. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, in the call initiation step, the BCC processing unit receives a call initiation request message for the resource manager to detect a signal generated from the telephone when the subscriber lifts the handset of the telephone to make a call, Searching a priority column of the corresponding user port in the table; And if the value obtained by subtracting the number of timeslots already allocated in the total number of available time slots from the number of timeslots is greater than the number of timeslots required by the search result time slot allocation order or by searching the status information column, the status information column of the corresponding user port in the BCC table And transmitting the time slot allocation request message to the LE side after notifying the call initiation state value, and notifying the call initiation rejection if the time slot allocation request message is not transmitted to the LE side. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein in the time slot allocation step, upon receiving the time slot allocation request message, the BCC table is searched to determine the total available time slot number as t. The sum of the timeslots of the user ports registered in the first order is p1, the sum of the timeslots of the user ports registered in the second order is p2, the sum of the timeslots in use by the user ports registered in the second order is registered in the order of u2 and 3 The total number of timeslots in use by the user ports is denoted by u3, the number of timeslots required by the service is r, and the second rank user port is determined to be assignable to the first rank user port, (t-p1-p2-p3) > r), it is determined that allocation is possible. Otherwise, it is determined that the allocation is impossible. Determining whether or not a time slot to be allocated is determined to be impossible; And if it is determined that the time slot can be allocated in the time slot allocation step, the time slot allocation state is written in the status information field of the BCC table and the time slot allocation information is stored in the time slot of the available time slot Writing the ID and the link ID in the corresponding information field of the BCC table and transmitting a time slot allocation complete message to the other party; And transmitting a time slot allocation rejection message to a peer if it is determined that the time slot allocation is impossible in the time slot allocation determination step. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the call termination step comprises: a BCC processing unit receiving a call termination request message for the resource manager to detect a signal generated from the telephone when the subscriber puts down the handset of the telephone to terminate the call, Retrieving a state information column of the table and searching for a time slot allocation; If the time slot is allocated in the searching step, determining that the call can be terminated, displaying a call termination in the status information field of the BCC table and transmitting a time slot release request message to the counterpart; And notifying the resource manager of a call termination rejection when it is determined that call termination is not possible if the time slot is not allocated in the searching step. The method of claim 6, wherein the time slot release step comprises: searching for a state information field of the BCC table after receiving the time slot release request message and searching for a call end state; If it is determined that the time slot can be released, the state information field of the BCC table is changed to a time slot release state value, and the time slot ID field and the link ID field are changed to an initial value indicating no use Transmitting a time slot release complete message to the other party; And notifying the state information of the time slot release rejection message when it is determined that the time slot can not be released if the state is not the call termination state in the retrieving step, and the method of processing the collection information of the V5.2 interface using the BCC table. ※ Note: It is disclosed by the contents of the first application.