KR20100108855A - Complex energy supply systems in solar cell and method of suppling complex energy using the systems - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A complex energy supply system using a solar cell and a method for supplying complex energy using the same are provided to improve generation efficiency of a solar cell by reducing the surface temperature of a solar cell using nano fluid. CONSTITUTION: A photoelectric converter(100) supplies electricity to an electric product through a photoelectric conversion reaction. A heat exchanger(104) reduces the temperature of the photoelectric converter. Nano fluid(110) flows along a flowing path whose temperature rises. A hot water supplier(105) supplies hot water by using the moved nano fluid. A nano fluid supplier(107) supplies the nano fluid to the photoelectric converter. A pump(106) forcibly circulates nano fluid.

Description

Complex Energy Supply Systems in Solar Cell and Method of Suppling Complex Energy using the systems

The present invention relates to a complex energy supply system using a solar cell and a complex energy supply method using the same, and more particularly, to produce electricity by using one or more photoelectric converters to supply to the indoor electronics, heat formed in the photoelectric converters The present invention relates to a complex energy supply system using a solar cell for recovering nanofluid used to cool the water and supplying warm water in a room, and a complex energy supply method using the same.

The present invention combines a solar generator that can efficiently generate electrical energy using solar light and a solar collector that can efficiently generate thermal energy using solar heat can generate power and hot water simultaneously from solar energy. The present invention relates to a complex energy supply system using a solar cell and a complex energy supply method using the same.

Solar cells are the largest source of renewable energy and the highest in terms of feasibility. The use of solar cells has attracted attention as the most ideal alternative energy because it is free from CO ₂ concerns. However, the reason why the ratio of energy production according to solar cells is not so high is that the efficiency of power generation is low. In general, the polysilicon solar cell module shows an efficiency of about 6%. If the efficiency is increased to 7 to 8%, a cost reduction of about 15 to 30% can be achieved. Therefore, efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of such solar cells.

1 is a graph showing a decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature of a crystalline silicon solar cell and an amorphous silicon solar cell. When the surface temperature of a solar cell rises, both the crystalline silicon solar cell and the amorphous silicon solar cell show that the efficiency of a battery falls. It can be seen that the crystalline silicon solar cell is more rapidly deteriorated in efficiency than the amorphous silicon solar cell.

Irradiation of high density solar energy on the surface of crystalline silicon solar cell can increase the output of the solar cell, but at the same time, most of the solar energy absorbed by the solar cell is not converted to electricity, and surplus energy increases the temperature of the solar cell to improve efficiency. Lowers. In this case, the solar cell should be cooled in order to prevent deterioration of the cell efficiency. In particular, in the case of a solar cell using a concentrator, the design of the device must be accompanied by a suitable cooling device according to the concentration ratio.

In the case of low convergence ratio (low density energy), the cooling system may use simple passive devices (eg natural ventilation), and in the case of high concentration type, forced or active cooling means should be used. That is, it is possible to lower the temperature of the solar cell by using forced ventilation or by contacting the structure of the cooling fin with the back of the solar cell and allowing the working medium (eg, air, water, etc.) to flow into the inner space of the fin structure. Can be. The higher the focusing ratio, the higher the temperature of the solar cell, and therefore the temperature of the cooling medium also rises at the same flow rate.

2 illustrates a method of directly spraying cooling water onto a surface of the photoelectric conversion module according to the related art. 2 is a cooling water surface injection method being implemented in the development of the East-West power plant in East-West power generation has a problem that the generation of water treatment costs due to the use of the cooling water, the recovery of the cooling water and the reduction of the luminous efficiency due to the cooling water injection is expected to occur.

Due to the irradiation of high density solar energy, research on solar cell-solar coalescing device is being conducted to absorb high temperature heat through a special cooling device and to use the elevated cooling medium directly for necessary applications. .

Photovoltaic-solar energy combining devices are known from US Pat. No. 6,675,580 and US Pat. No. 6,295,818. M. Brogren, "Optical Efficiency of Low-Concentrating Solar Energy Systems with Parabolic Reflectors," Uppsala, Ph.D. University, Ph.D. Thesis, 2004) and “J. s. Dr. Conventry, Ph.D. Dissertation (Australia), "Solar Concentrating Photovoltaic / Thermal Collector", Australlian National University, Ph.D. Thesis, 2004).

As such, the discussion on the use of a combination of solar cells and solar thermal energy continues, but there is a problem in that the efficiency of solar cells has not been dramatically improved.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is an energy conversion system that generates power and heat at the same time in one energy source, the cooling energy is excellent and maximizes the efficiency of the solar cell complex energy using a solar cell to increase the energy utilization efficiency It is an object to provide a supply system.

In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a complex energy supply method using a solar cell that can increase the economic efficiency by combining the production of electricity and hot water while increasing the production efficiency of electricity in the solar power system. .

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention

At least one photoelectric converter composed of a crystalline system or an amorphous semiconductor and supplying electricity to electrical and electronic products in a room through a photoelectric conversion reaction;

At least one heat exchanger for restoring the surface temperature rise of the photoelectric converter and recovering heat on the backside of the photoelectric converter;

A nanofluid that moves along the flow passage after being used as a working fluid in the heat exchanger and warmed up;

A hot water supply unit for generating hot water using the nanofluid;

An indoor hot water supply pipe configured to supply hot water generated by the hot water supply to an indoor hot water discharger or a hot water using device; And

It provides a complex energy supply system using a solar cell comprising a nanofluid supply for supplying the nanofluid to the heat exchanger.

In order to achieve the above another object, the present invention

Producing electricity from one or more photoelectric converters and supplying the electrical and electronic products in the room;

Supplying nanofluid to a backside of the photoelectric converter from a nanofluid supply;

Nanofluid flows on the backside of the photoelectric converter to lower the surface temperature of the photoelectric converter and recover heat;

The nanofluid that recovers the heat moves to a hot water supply to generate hot water; And

It provides a method for supplying a composite energy using a solar cell comprising a; supplying hot water generated in the hot water supply to a hot water discharger or a hot water using apparatus in the room.

According to the present invention, it is possible to increase the power generation efficiency of the solar cell by lowering the surface temperature of the solar cell using the nanofluid, using the solar cell by recovering the arrangement of the solar cell to generate hot water and provide it to the indoor hot water using device. Can maximize energy efficiency.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The present invention comprises at least one photoelectric converter consisting of a crystalline or amorphous semiconductor to supply electricity to the electrical and electronic products in the room through a photoelectric conversion reaction; At least one heat exchanger for restoring the surface temperature rise of the photoelectric converter and recovering heat on the backside of the photoelectric converter; A nanofluid that moves along the flow passage after being used as a working fluid in the heat exchanger and warmed up; A hot water supply unit for generating hot water using the nanofluid; An indoor hot water supply pipe configured to supply hot water generated by the hot water supply to an indoor hot water discharger or a hot water using device; And it provides a complex energy supply system using a solar cell comprising a nanofluid supply for supplying the nanofluid to the heat exchanger.

The present invention is to solve the problem that the surface temperature is increased due to the concentration of light in the use of high efficiency solar cell, thereby lowering the efficiency of the solar cell. A heat exchanger is installed to cool the solar cell, and the heat exchanger uses nano fluid having excellent thermal conductivity as a working fluid. Heat was recovered by using nanofluids to generate hot water, supply hot water through a hot water supply pipe to a house or building, and use it as heating and / or washing / washing hot water.

When the surface temperature of the solar cell increases by 1 ° C, the amount of power generation decreases by 0.5%. If the heat exchanger is installed in order to reduce the increase of the surface temperature of the solar cell, the power generation amount may increase as the temperature decreases. Cogeneration system according to the present invention can reduce the surface temperature of the photoelectric converter and improve the power output.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step of producing electricity in at least one photoelectric converter and supplying to the electronic device in the room; Supplying nanofluid to a backside of the photoelectric converter from a nanofluid supply; Nanofluid flows on the backside of the photoelectric converter to lower the surface temperature of the photoelectric converter and recover heat; The nanofluid that recovers the heat moves to a hot water supply to generate hot water; And supplying hot water generated by the hot water supply device to an indoor hot water discharger or a hot water using device.

3A and 3B show schematic diagrams of an energy conversion device of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3A, a tempered glass 101 is installed on a front surface of the photoelectric converter 100, and a back sheet 103 is attached to a rear surface thereof. Moreover, the photoelectric conversion device is sealed on the side surface of the photoelectric converter 100 using the exterior material 102. Solar light transmitted through the tempered glass 101 produces power through the photoelectric converter 100 and supplies it to the power supply 130. As the sunlight is exposed, the surface temperature of the photoelectric converter 100 rises and the heat exchanger 104 installed on the backside of the photoelectric converter 100 reduces the increased temperature of the photoelectric converter 100. The nanofluid 110, which acts as a working fluid in the heat exchanger 104, is heated up and moves along the flow passage. The heated nanofluid is used to generate hot water in the hot water supply 105. The generated hot water is used for hot water or heating in a house or office, and the nanofluid 111 used to generate hot water in the hot water supply 105 moves to the nanofluid supply 107. The nanofluid supplier 107 serves to supply the nanofluid to the photoelectric converter 100, and a pump 106 is installed to force the nanofluid to circulate. In FIG. 3A, the heat recovered from the photoelectric converter is moved to the hot water supply 105 in the form of nanofluid, and the hot water supply 105 is supplied with water 119 and converted into hot water 120 to be supplied to the room. Doing.

Referring to FIG. 3B, a tempered glass 201 is installed on a front surface of the photoelectric converter 200, and a back sheet 203 is attached to a rear surface thereof. In addition, the photoelectric conversion device is sealed on the side surface of the photoelectric converter 200 by using the exterior material 202. The sunlight transmitted through the tempered glass 201 produces power through the photoelectric converter 200 and supplies the power to the power supply 130. As the sunlight is exposed, the temperature of the surface of the photoelectric converter 200 rises and the heat exchanger 204 installed on the backside of the photoelectric converter 200 lowers the increased temperature of the photoelectric converter 200 surface. After acting as a working fluid in the heat exchanger 204, the heated nanofluid 210 moves along the flow passage. The migrated nanofluid warms the supplied water 219 without warming from the hot water supply 205 to generate hot water 220. The generated hot water 220 is used for hot water or heating in a house or office. The system also includes a pump 206 for forced circulation of the nanofluid to the photoelectric converter 200. 3B illustrates an embodiment in which the nanofluid supply 207 and the hot water supply 205 are integrated. 3B differs from FIG. 3A in that the heat recovered from the photoelectric converter is transferred to the nanofluid supply 207, converted to hot water 220, and moved to a desired place.

4 shows a schematic diagram comprising a photoelectric converter and a heat exchanger according to the invention. Referring to FIG. 4, the nanofluid flows through a heat exchanger formed on the rear surface of the panel 100. The nanofluid is introduced through the supply port 150, is discharged through the discharge port 151, and lowers the surface temperature of the panel while the back surface of the panel flows, and heat exchange is performed while the nanofluid is heated up.

To reduce the temperature of the flat or condensed photoelectric conversion module, attach a micro heat exchanger, a heat pipe type heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, a channel heat exchanger, or a heat collector to the back sheet, and apply nanofluid as a heat transfer medium for these heat exchangers. .

A micro heat exchanger is a type in which fluids exchange heat through a microchannel, and a micro heat exchanger is a miniature version of a conventional tubular heat exchanger. It comprehensively includes all heat exchange systems that conduct heat in micro-sized regions, such as microchannels and porous channels, which dominate the heat transfer characteristics of two fluids rather than the heat exchanger itself. Micro heat exchanger can make the product small and light, and can diversify the place of use.

The heat pipe type heat exchanger is a vacuum exhaust after injecting nanofluid in a sealed container. The heat pipe type heat exchanger transfers heat by using latent heat without any external power. Heat pipes are capable of mass transfer of heat by latent heat, uniform temperature distribution, light weight, and simple structure. In addition, the responsiveness is fast and it is possible to separate the heating portion and the cooling portion, and in the case of thermophony, the heat is used only in one direction.

The plate heat exchanger is a high-strength bolted bolt to the support and the heat exchanger assembly. The heat exchanger assembly consists of an embossed stainless plate. Each heat plate is assembled in a corrugated form in opposite directions so that the two fluids flow in opposite flows and can be separated by a gasket. Plate heat exchanger has wrinkles on residual heat plate, so it has high heat transfer efficiency and almost complete counterflow flow, so it is not only efficient heat exchange but also applicable to temperature difference of 1 ℃, so it can be used even when temperature difference is low and installation cost is low. Low maintenance and repair costs

5A and 5B show the shape of a plate heat exchanger flow path disposed on the back of the photoelectric converter. Referring to FIG. 5A, the nanofluid is supplied from the supply port 150, moves along the plate-shaped flow path 152, and is discharged to the outside of the panel through the discharge port 151. Referring to FIG. 5B, the nanofluid is supplied from the supply port 153, moves along the plate-shaped flow path 155, and is discharged to the outside of the panel through the discharge port 154. Heat exchange takes place while the nanofluid passes through the plate-shaped flow path, thereby lowering the panel temperature, and the nanofluid itself is heated up and discharged to the outside.

Nanofluids are fluids made by dispersing and suspending fibers of the same size as nanoparticles or nanotubes in a general fluid. Nanofluid is preferably composed of one or more nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of Al ₂ O ₃ , CuO, Cu, Pt and Au. In general, the size of the nanoparticles dispersed in the nanofluid is 10 to 100nm, preferably 10 to 50nm, the technique of dispersing and floating the nanoparticles can be largely divided into physical and chemical methods.

The physical methods can be classified into two types. The first method is the One Step Method process, in which a substance to be dispersed and suspended in a general fluid is vaporized in a high vacuum chamber, and the vaporized material is in contact with a general fluid that is around a high vacuum chamber. It is a technology that forms nanoparticles and at the same time disperses and floats in a fluid. The second method is a two-step method, in which nanofluids are manufactured by separating the nanoparticles production steps and the steps of dispersing and floating them in a fluid.

The chemical method refers to a method of dispersing and suspending nanoparticles by maintaining a dispersibility of the particles using a surfactant to change the surface of the nanoparticles, or by adjusting the fluid pH (pH).

The thermal properties of nanofluids improve the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids by about 10% and the convective heat transfer characteristics by up to 30% even if a small volume fraction of nanoparticles is added to the general fluid. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid increases rapidly with temperature change, and the characteristics of the nanofluid mean that the thermal conductivity increases as the temperature of the nanofluid increases, thereby increasing the heat transfer rate.

In addition, the smaller the size of the nanoparticles, the higher the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of conventional thin films with nano size decreased as the thickness of the thin film decreased, but the thermal properties of nanofluids are reversed. This thermal characteristic is that the critical heat flux of nanofluid is about three times larger than the critical heat flux of normal fluid. It is understood that the nanofluid is suitable for use as a working fluid because of its excellent cooling performance and heat transfer characteristics in the heat exchanger of the solar energy converter.

It is preferable that the photoelectric converter is a planar or condensed photoelectric converter. In general, solar collectors use a flat plate. However, the flat plate collector has a very low efficiency of converting into electricity or heat energy, and thus has limitations in use. Therefore, concentrators (e.g., parabolic troughs, parabolic dishes, fresnel lenses, etc.) are used to increase the efficiency of converting solar energy into electric energy or heat energy, and at the same time apply them in various ways. The focusing device uses an optical device (lens or reflector) to focus the solar energy incident on the aperture of the device into a high-density energy output on the smaller exit surface (light-receiving or endothermic). It is a device that generates significantly higher or higher temperature thermal energy to improve the efficiency (performance) of the device. At the same time, depending on the type and design of the focusing device, the unit cost of the device can be reduced.

6A and 6B show a condensing photoelectric conversion device with a film and a condensing photoelectric conversion device with a pin, respectively. Fins are attached for cooling the rear surface, and in the present invention, nanofluid is applied as a heat transfer medium to improve heat transfer performance.

The combined cycle power generation system of the present invention is an integrated energy system that generates power and heat simultaneously from a single energy source. The combined cycle photovoltaic power generation system uses the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and recovers and uses the array generated by the photovoltaic conversion module, thereby improving energy efficiency. A heat recovery heat exchanger is mounted on a rear surface of a conventional photoelectric conversion module to reduce the temperature of the photoelectric conversion device and to utilize the recovered arrangement. Therefore, the surface temperature of the photoelectric conversion device is suppressed to increase the efficiency of the power production device, and the heat recovered by using the nanofluid can be reused to produce hot water for efficient use of energy.

7 illustrates a complex energy supply system using a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Tempered glass 301 is provided on the front surface of the photoelectric converter 300, and a back sheet 303 is attached to the rear surface thereof, and the photoelectric conversion device is sealed on the side surface of the photoelectric converter 300 using an exterior member 302. The sunlight transmitted through the tempered glass 301 produces electric power 330 through the photoelectric converter 300 and is used for lighting fixtures 361, air conditioners 362, refrigerators 363, and the like, which are electrical and electronic products in the room. Can be. In addition, the heat of the photoelectric converter 300 is recovered through the heat exchanger 304 to supply the heated nanofluid 309 to the nanofluid supply 307. Referring to FIG. 7, the hot water supply unit 305 is illustrated together with the nanofluid supply unit 307, but may be separated. The water is heated up by the nanofluid to receive the unheated water (319) and can be used in the hot water outlets (352, 353) in the room, or can be used in the ondol 350 for heating, pipe 351 for hot water supply Is formed indoors.

It is preferable to further provide an auxiliary power device that can further supply power in accordance with the amount of power supplied from the photoelectric converter. Photoelectric converters may have different amounts of power produced depending on the amount of sunshine. Therefore, when the photoelectric converter is used alone in an independent house or building, variations in power generation occur due to changes in seasons or weather, and in such a case, it is necessary to further provide auxiliary power means so that electricity can be stably supplied. Do. Therefore, when the amount of sunlight is abundant, the auxiliary power means is not used or minimized. When the amount of sunlight is insufficient, the auxiliary power means is used to assist the photoelectric converter.

Preferably, the hot water supply further includes an auxiliary heat supply that operates selectively according to the temperature of the hot water. Therefore, if the amount of sunshine is not used or minimize the auxiliary heat supply, if the amount of sunlight is insufficient to use the auxiliary heat supply to assist the nanofluid supply.

8 illustrates a complex energy supply system using a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, power 430 produced in a solar cell having a plurality of photoelectric converters 400 is supplied to a room 450, and the photoelectric converters 400 are provided with nanofluids through a supply pump 406. The nanofluid 409 cooled and heat-recovered by the supply of 408 may be supplied to the nanofluid supply 407, and hot water supply may be performed by the hot water supply 405. The hot water supply 405 may further include an auxiliary heat supply that selectively operates according to the temperature of the hot water. Therefore, if the amount of sunshine is not used or minimize the auxiliary heat supply, if the amount of sunlight is insufficient to use the auxiliary heat supply to assist the nanofluid supply. As shown in FIG. 8, the complex energy supply system using the solar cell of the present invention can be widely used in public facilities such as offices, saunas, golf courses, as well as general homes.

1 is a graph showing a decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature of a crystalline silicon solar cell and an amorphous silicon solar cell.

2 illustrates a method of directly injecting cooling water to the surface of a photoelectric conversion module according to the related art.

3A and 3B show schematic diagrams of a solar energy conversion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 shows a schematic diagram comprising a photoelectric converter and a heat exchanger according to the invention.

5A and 5B illustrate the shape of a plate heat exchanger flow path for mounting a backsheet according to the present invention.

6A illustrates a schematic diagram of a light collecting photoelectric conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B illustrates a schematic diagram of a pinned light collecting photoelectric conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7 illustrates a complex energy supply system using a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8 illustrates a complex energy supply system using a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (12)

At least one photoelectric converter composed of a crystalline system or an amorphous semiconductor and supplying electricity to electrical and electronic products in a room through a photoelectric conversion reaction; At least one heat exchanger for restoring the surface temperature rise of the photoelectric converter and recovering heat on the backside of the photoelectric converter; A nanofluid that moves along the flow passage after being used as a working fluid in the heat exchanger and warmed up; A hot water supply unit for generating hot water using the nanofluid; An indoor hot water supply pipe configured to supply hot water generated by the hot water supply to an indoor hot water discharger or a hot water using device; And Complex energy supply system using a solar cell comprising a nanofluid supply for supplying the nanofluid to the heat exchanger. The complex energy supply system using a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the photoelectric converter is a condensing type or a flat type photoelectric converter. The complex energy supply system using a solar cell of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary power device capable of additionally supplying power according to the amount of power supplied from the photoelectric converter. The complex energy supply system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a micro heat exchanger, a heat pipe heat exchanger, a plate type heat exchanger, or a channel type heat exchanger. The complex energy supply system of claim 1, wherein the nanofluid comprises one or more nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of Al ₂ O ₃ , CuO, Cu, Pt, and Au. The complex energy supply system using a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the size of the nanoparticles used in the nanofluid is 10 to 100 nm. The complex energy supply system of claim 1, wherein the hot water supply unit further comprises an auxiliary heat supply device selectively operating according to the temperature of the hot water. The complex energy supply system using a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the hot water discharger is a washing machine or a washing machine, and the hot water using device is a heating device of a room. Producing electricity from one or more photoelectric converters and supplying them to electronic devices in the room; Supplying nanofluid to a backside of the photoelectric converter from a nanofluid supply; Nanofluid flows on the backside of the photoelectric converter to lower the surface temperature of the photoelectric converter and recover heat; The nanofluid that recovers the heat moves to a hot water supply to generate hot water; And And supplying hot water generated by the hot water supply to an indoor hot water discharger or a hot water using device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the photoelectric converter is a condensing type or a flat type photoelectric converter. The method of claim 9, wherein the heat exchanger is a micro heat exchanger, a heat pipe heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, or a channel heat exchanger. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising heating the hot water from the nanofluid when the amount of solar radiation is high and heating the hot water from an auxiliary heat supply when the amount of solar radiation is low. .

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