JPH0616753U - Toroidal type continuously variable transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To obtain a lightweight, high-performance toroidal type continuously variable transmission at low cost. [Structure] A cage 32 of a thrust bearing that supports a thrust load applied to a power roller is integrally formed of synthetic resin. The balls held in the pockets 33, 33 are held down by the claw pieces 38, 38 provided at the openings of the pockets 33, 33.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention is used as, for example, an automobile transmission.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 As a vehicle transmission, the use of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission as schematically shown in FIGS. 7 to 8 has been studied. This toroidal type continuously variable transmission supports an input side disk 2 concentrically with an input shaft 1 and an output side at an end of an output shaft 3, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-71465. The disk 4 is fixed. An inner surface of a casing accommodating the toroidal type continuously variable transmission, or a support bracket provided in the casing, swings around a pivot shaft 5 in a twisted position with respect to the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3. A trunnion 6, 6 is provided.

The trunnions 6, 6 are made of a metal material having sufficient rigidity, and the pivots 5 are provided on the outer surfaces of both ends. In addition, the base end of the displacement shaft 8 is supported at the center of each trunnion 6, 6 and each trunnion 6, 6 is swung about the pivot 5 to adjust the inclination angle of each displacement shaft 8. Is free.

Power rollers 9, 9 are rotatably supported around displacement shafts 8, 8 supported by the trunnions 6, 6, respectively. The power rollers 9, 9 are sandwiched between the input side and output side disks 2, 4.

Inner side surfaces 2 a, 4 a of the input side and output side disks 2, 4 facing each other have arcuate concave surfaces each having a cross section with the pivot 5 as a center. The peripheral surfaces 9a, 9a of the power rollers 9, 9 formed in the spherical convex surface are in contact with the inner side surfaces 2a, 4a.

A loading cam type pressurizing device 10 is provided between the input shaft 1 and the input side disc 2, and the input side disc 2 is elastically moved toward the output side disc 4 by the pressurizing device 10. Is pressing. For example, as shown in JP-A-2-261950, this pressurizing device 10 is held by a cam plate 11 that rotates together with the input shaft 1 and a retainer 12, as shown in FIGS. It is composed of a plurality (for example, four) of rollers 13 and 13.

On one side surface (right side surface of FIGS. 7 to 8) of the cam plate 11, there is formed a cam surface 14 which is a concavo-convex surface extending in the circumferential direction, and also on the outer side surface of the input side disk 2 (see FIGS. A similar cam surface 15 is also formed on the left side surface of 7 to 8. The plurality of rollers 13, 13 are rotatable about an axis in the radial direction with respect to the center of the input shaft 1.

When the toroidal type continuously variable transmission configured as described above is used, when the cam plate 11 rotates in accordance with the rotation of the input shaft 1, the cam surface 14 causes the plurality of rollers 13, 13 to receive the input force. It is pressed by the cam surface 15 on the outer surface of the side disk 2. As a result, the input side disk 2 is pressed by the plurality of power rollers 9, 9 and at the same time, based on the meshing between the pair of cam surfaces 14, 15 and the plurality of rollers 13, 13. The input side disk 2 rotates. Then, the rotation of the input side disk 2 is transmitted to the output side disk 4 via the plurality of power rollers 9, 9, and the output shaft 3 fixed to the output side disk 4 rotates.

When changing the rotational speed ratio between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3 and first performing deceleration between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3, each trunnion 6, with the pivot shafts 5 and 5 as the center, 6 is swung as shown in FIG. 7, and the peripheral surfaces 9a and 9a of the respective power rollers 9 and 9 are located near the center of the inner side surface 2a of the input side disk 2 and the inner side surface 4a of the output side disk 4. The displacement shafts 8 and 8 are tilted so as to come into contact with the outer peripheral portion.

On the contrary, when increasing the speed, the trunnions 6, 6 are swung as shown in FIG. 8 so that the peripheral surfaces 9a, 9a of the power rollers 9, 9 are located inside the input side disk 2. The displacement shafts 8 and 8 are tilted so that they are brought into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the side surface 2a and the central portion of the inner side surface 4a of the output side disk 4, respectively. If the inclination angles of the displacement shafts 8, 8 are set in the middle between FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, an intermediate gear ratio can be obtained between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3.

9 to 10 show an example of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission actually used as a transmission of an automobile or the like. In the case of the structure shown in FIGS. 9 to 10, two sets of toroidal type continuously variable transmissions having the basic structure as shown in FIGS. 7 to 8 are provided in parallel with each other. This is to prevent the load on the toroidal type continuously variable transmission from becoming excessive and to transmit a large amount of power as a whole.

The trunnions 6, 6 are supported by a supporting device 7. The support device 7 is configured by combining one lower link 16, two upper links 17 and 17, and one upper link post 18 with each other. Inside the circular holes 19 and 20 formed at the four corners of the lower link 16 and both ends of the upper link 17, the pivots 5 and 5 provided at both ends of the trunnion 6 are respectively provided in the rolling bearing 21. , 21 are swingably supported.

Then, the base end portions of the displacement shafts 8 and 8 are rotatably mounted inside the circular holes 22 and 22 formed in the intermediate portions of the trunnions 6 and 6 via radial bearings 23 and 23, respectively. I support you. Further, the power rollers 9 and 9 are rotatably supported at the tip ends of the displacement shafts 8 and 8 via other radial bearings 24 and 24, respectively. Further, thrust bearings 25, 25 are provided between the side surfaces 6a, 6a of the trunnions 6, 6 which face each other and the end surfaces 9b, 9b of the power rollers 9, 9 to add to the respective power rollers 9, 9. The thrust load can be supported by the trunnions 6, 6.

Each of the thrust bearings 25, 25 includes an outer ring 31, a plurality of balls 26, 26, and a retainer 27 rotatably supporting the plurality of balls 26, 26. Composed. The outer surface of the outer ring 31 is abutted against the side surfaces 6a, 6a of the trunnions 6, 6 via a thrust needle bearing 28, and the plurality of balls 26, 26 are attached to the inner surface of the outer ring 31. It is sandwiched between the formed outer ring raceway and the inner ring raceways formed on the end faces 9b, 9b of the power rollers 9, 9.

The cage 27 is made of a metal material such as HBsC1 (high-strength brass) and is formed in a ring shape as shown in FIGS. In addition, a so-called machined cage is used in which a plurality of pockets 29, 29 each having a circular shape are formed. The inside diameter of the one end (lower end in FIG. 6) opening of each pocket 29, 29 is smaller than the outside diameter of the balls 26, 26 and the inside diameter of the other end (upper end in FIG. 6) opening, and the inner peripheral surface of this one end opening A curved surface portion 30 is formed on the inner surface of the ball 26 so as to match the outer diameters of the balls 26.

When holding the balls 26, 26 in the pockets 29, 29, after inserting the balls 26, 26 into the pockets 29, 29 from the side of the other end opening, the solid lines a, a in FIG. By pressing the punch against the position, the inner diameter of the other end opening is reduced and caulking work is performed. As a result, the inner diameters of the opening portions at both ends of the pockets 29, 29 become smaller than the outer diameters of the balls 26, 26, and the balls 26, 26 do not fall out of the pockets 29, 29.

[0017]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 The toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention improves weight performance and performance by improving the thrust bearings 25, 25 for supporting the thrust load applied to the power rollers 9, 9. .

Since the thrust bearings 25, 25 in the above-described conventional structure incorporate the metal cages 27, 27, not only the weight is increased, but also the balls 26, 26 drop from the pockets 29, 29. The assembly work is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high because caulking work is required to prevent this.

Further, in order to secure a caulking allowance, it is necessary to secure a certain distance between the adjacent pockets 29, 29, and when the balls 26, 26 have the same diameter, the pocket 29. , 29 and balls 26, 26 are reduced in number accordingly. In order to make the number of balls 26, 26 the same, the diameter of each ball 26, 26 must be reduced accordingly. The load capacity of the thrust bearings 25, 25 decreases as the number of balls 26, 26 decreases or the diameter decreases, and transmission is possible by a toroidal type continuously variable transmission incorporating the thrust bearings 25, 25. Power (torque) becomes small.

Further, since the cage 27 is made of metal, it is necessary to provide a slight gap between the inner peripheral surface of each pocket 29, 29 and the outer surface of each ball 26, 26. Therefore, the rotation guide of the balls 26, 26 is within a so-called orbit ring scheme, which is based on the track on which the balls 26, 26 are rolling. On the other hand, when the toroidal type continuously variable transmission is used, the power rollers 9, 9 receive a large load at two points in the circumferential direction by the input side disk 2 and the output side disk 4. As a result, the load applied to the thrust bearings 25, 25 becomes non-uniform in the circumferential direction. The trunnions 6, 6 are elastically deformed by receiving a large load from the power rollers 9, 9 and the shape of the orbit is slightly deformed from a perfect circle to an ellipse.

When the balls 26, 26 rotate together with the retainer 27 in the state where the track is deformed into an elliptical shape, the balls 26, 26 loosely held in the pockets 29, 29 are deformed into an elliptical shape. A so-called whirling phenomenon occurs, which causes rolling along the track. If such a whirling phenomenon occurs, it is likely to cause uneven wear of the raceway and noise and vibration during operation.

The toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention is designed to solve the above-mentioned inconvenience.

[0023]

[Means for solving the problem]

 The toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention is, similarly to the above-described conventional toroidal type continuously variable transmission, arranged with an input side disk rotatable with an input shaft, and concentrically with the input side disk. The output side disk rotatably supported with respect to the side disk, the trunnion swinging around the pivot shaft in the twisted position with respect to the center axis of both the input side and output side disks, and the base end portion of this trunnion. A displacement shaft supported by the shaft, a power roller rotatably supported by a radial bearing at the tip of the displacement shaft, and sandwiched between the input side and output side disks, the side surface of the trunnion, and A thrust bearing provided between the power roller and the end surface of the power roller. Then, the inner side surfaces of the input side and output side discs facing each other are concave surfaces each having an arcuate cross section, and the peripheral surface of the power roller is a spherical convex surface. And abut. Further, the thrust bearing includes a ring-shaped outer ring facing the side surface of the trunnion, a plurality of balls rollingly provided between the outer ring and the end surface of the power roller, and the plurality of balls. It consists of a cage that holds it so that it can roll freely.

In particular, in the toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention, the cage is made by integrally molding a synthetic resin having elasticity, and the cages are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Each of the pockets has a plurality of pockets that rotatably hold one of the balls, and the opening of each pocket elastically presses the outer peripheral surface of the ball held in the pocket. It is characterized by the provision of individual claw pieces.

[0025]

[Action]

 With the toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention configured as described above, the rotational force is transmitted between the input shaft and the output shaft, or the speed ratio between the input shaft and the output shaft is changed. The operation itself at the time of obtaining is similar to that of the above-described conventional structure.

In particular, in the case of the toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention, the cage of the thrust bearing for bearing the thrust load applied to the power roller is made of synthetic resin, so the number of assembling steps can be reduced, and By ensuring the diameter and number of balls, it is possible to secure the load capacity for thrust load.

Further, since each ball is held in the pocket of the cage without rattling by the action of the claw piece, each ball is guided by the cage and rolls on a perfect circle. Therefore, the whirling phenomenon of the balls is unlikely to occur even if the trajectory is deformed.

[0028]

【Example】

 1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. The toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention is characterized by the material and shape of the cage incorporated in the thrust bearing 25 that supports the thrust load applied to the power rollers 9, 9 (Figs. 7, 8, 10). Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the conventional structure described above, redundant description will be omitted, and the characteristic part of the present invention will be described below.

The retainer 32, which is integrally formed by injection molding a synthetic resin having elasticity, has an outer standing wall 35 at the outer peripheral edge and an inner standing wall 36 at the inner peripheral edge of a circular ring-shaped base member 34. It is formed over the circumference to increase the section modulus and to maintain the strength of the substrate portion 34. A plurality of (9 in the illustrated example) pockets 33, 33 are formed in the substrate portion 34 at equidistant positions in the circumferential direction. Further, on the same side of the pockets 33, 33 on the same side as the standing walls 35, 36, ridges 37, 37 lower than the standing walls 35, 36 are provided all around the pockets 33, 33. Are formed. In addition, the thickness of the outer standing wall 35 in the diametrical direction is made sufficiently large to maintain the strength against centrifugal force. On the other hand, the thickness of the inner standing wall 36 in the diametrical direction is made small so that formation defects such as bubbles and sink marks do not occur during injection molding of synthetic resin.

The inner peripheral surfaces 33 a, 33 a of the pockets 33, 33 each formed in a circular shape and the inner peripheral surfaces of the ridges 37, 37 smoothly continuing from the inner peripheral surfaces 33 a, 33 a are The balls 26 are formed in a spherical shape that substantially coincides with the outer surface of the balls 26 to be held in the pockets 33, 33, and the balls 26 can be rollably held one by one inside each of the pockets 33, 33. However, the center point O of curvature (FIG. 2) of the inner peripheral surface 33 a projects in the direction in which the standing walls 35 and 36 are formed from one side surface of the base plate portion 34. Therefore, the inner diameters of the pockets 33, 33 are gradually reduced from the openings on the side of the ridges 37, 37 toward the opening on the opposite side.

Further, a pair of claw pieces 38, 38 is provided for each of the pockets 33, 33 at the opening of each of the pockets 33, 33 at a position opposite to the diametrical direction of each of the ridges 37, 37. There is. Each of the claw pieces 38, 38 is curved so as to approach the central axis of the pocket 33 toward the tip. Therefore, with the balls 26 held in the pockets 33, 33, the outer peripheral surfaces of the balls 26 are elastically held down by the claw pieces 38, 38.

That is, when the balls 26 are held in the pockets 33, 33, the balls 26 are first made to face the openings on the side where the claw pieces 38, 38 are provided. Then, the ball 26 is strongly pushed toward each pocket 33, 33. As a result, the distance between the claw pieces 38, 38 is elastically widened, and the balls 26 enter the pockets 33, 33. After the balls 26 have entered the pockets 33, 33, the claw pieces 38, 38 elastically restore, and the claw pieces 38, 38 hold down the outer surface of the ball 26. In this state, the balls 26 are held in the pockets 33 without rattling.

In the case of the toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention, which incorporates the thrust bearing 25 (FIG. 10) having the retainer 32 configured as described above, the assembling man-hours are reduced and the ball 26 It is possible to secure the load capacity against the thrust load by securing the diameter and number.

That is, the work of assembling the balls 26 into the cage 32 is only required to face the balls 26 to the pockets 33 and 33 and press the balls 26 toward the pockets 33 and 33. After the ball 26 has entered the pockets 33, 33, the balls 26 will not accidentally drop out of the pockets 33, 33 due to the action of the claw pieces 38, 38.

Therefore, the caulking work as in the case of the conventional structure is not required, and not only the process can be simplified, but also the caulking margin is not required, and the space between the adjacent pockets 33, 33 is shortened. It is possible to secure the diameter and number of balls 26.

The balls 26 are held in the pockets 33, 33 of the holder 32 without rattling by the action of the claw pieces 38, 38. Therefore, each ball 26 is guided by the cage 32 and rolls on a perfect circle. Therefore, the whirling phenomenon of the ball is unlikely to occur even if the trajectory is deformed.

[0037]

[Effect of device]

 Since the toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention is constructed and operates as described above, a lightweight and high-performance toroidal type continuously variable transmission can be obtained at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a cage showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged BB sectional view of the same.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the same portion.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a conventional retainer.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a basic configuration of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission to which the present invention is applied, in a state of maximum deceleration.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing the same state at the time of maximum acceleration.

FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view showing an example of an actual toroidal type continuously variable transmission.

10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Input Shaft 2 Input Side Disk 2a Inner Side Surface 3 Output Shaft 4 Output Side Disk 4a Inner Side Surface 5 Axis 6 Trunnion 6a Side Surface 7 Support Device 8 Displacement Axis 9 Power Roller 9a Circumferential Surface 9b End Surface 10 Pressurizing Device 11 Cam Plate 12 Retainer 13 Roller 14 Cam surface 15 Cam surface 16 Lower link 17 Upper link 18 Upper link post 19 Circular hole 20 Circular hole 21 Rolling bearing 22 Circular hole 23, 24 Radial bearing 25 Thrust bearing 26 Ball 27 Cage 28 Thrust needle bearing 29 Pocket 30 Curved surface Part 31 Outer ring 32 Retainer 33 Pocket 33a Inner peripheral surface 34 Base plate part 35 Outer standing wall 36 Inner standing wall 37 Projection 38 Claw piece

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. An input-side disk rotatable with an input shaft, an output-side disk disposed concentrically with the input-side disk and rotatably supported with respect to the input-side disk, and both input-side and output-side disks. A trunnion that swings around a pivot that is in a twisted position with respect to the center axis of
A displacement shaft whose base end is supported by the trunnion, and a power roller rotatably supported by a radial bearing at the tip end of the displacement shaft and sandwiched between both the input side and output side disks. A thrust bearing provided between a side surface of the trunnion and an end surface of the power roller,
The inner side surfaces of the input side disk and the output side disk, which face each other, are concave surfaces each having an arcuate cross section, and the peripheral surface of the power roller is a spherical convex surface, and the peripheral surface and the inner side surface are brought into contact with each other. The thrust bearing has a ring-shaped outer ring facing the side surface of the trunnion, a plurality of balls rotatably provided between the outer ring and the end surface of the power roller, and the plurality of balls rolling. In a toroidal type continuously variable transmission configured with a retainer that freely retains, the retainer is made by integrally molding a synthetic resin having elasticity, and is placed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, inside each of them. It has a plurality of pockets that hold the balls one by one in a rollable manner, and a plurality of pockets that elastically press down the outer peripheral surface of the balls held in the pockets are provided at the opening of each pocket. Characterized by the provision of claw pieces That the toroidal type continuously variable transmission.