JP7025340B2 - 2プローブ近接ライゲーションシステムを用いた多重化単一分子rna可視化 - Google Patents
2プローブ近接ライゲーションシステムを用いた多重化単一分子rna可視化 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Larsson et al. In situ detection and genotyping of individual mRNA molecules. Nat. Methods 7, 395-397 (2010). Player et al. Single-copy gene detection using branched DNA (bDNA) in situ hybridization. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49, 603-612 (2001). Porichis, F. et al. High-throughput detection of miRNAs and gene-specific mRNA at the single-cell level by flow cytometry. Nature Communications 5, 5641(2014). Bendall, S. C. et al. Single-cell mass cytometry of differential immune and drug responses across a human hematopoietic continuum. Science 332, 687-696 (2011). Wolf-Yadlin, A. et al. Effects of HER2 overexpression on cell signaling networks governing proliferation and migration. Mol Syst Biol 2, 54 (2006). Angelo, M. et al. Multiplexed ion beam imaging of human breast tumors. Nat Med 20, 436-442 (2014). Fredriksson, S. et al. Protein detection using proximity-dependent DNA ligation assays. Nat Biotechnol 20, 473-477(2002). Soderberg, O. et al. Direct observation of individual endogenous protein complexes in situ by proximity ligation. Nat. Methods 3, 995-1000(2006).
標的核酸。本明細書中で使用される場合、標的核酸とは、単一細胞中に存在する任意のポリヌクレオチド核酸分子(例えば、DNA分子、RNA分子、修飾核酸など)である。実施形態によっては、標的核酸は、コードRNA(例えば、mRNA)である。実施形態によっては、標的核酸は、非コードRNA(例えば、tRNA、rRNA、マイクロRNA(miRNA)、成熟miRNA、未成熟miRNAなど)である。実施形態によっては、標的核酸は、細胞の文脈において、RNA分子(例えば、mRNA、pre-mRNAなど)のスプライスバリアントである。したがって、適切な標的核酸は、スプライシングされていないRNA(例えば、pre-mRNA、mRNA)、部分スプライシングされたRNA、または完全スプライシングされたRNAなどであることも可能である。
本明細書で実証されるとおりの多重化アッセイは、時間及び労力、ならびに貴重な臨床材料を節約し、単一細胞レベルでのコピー数の増幅、RNA発現などの遺伝事象の分析を可能にする。より重要なことは、同一細胞内での複数の同時発生する分子事象を同時に評価する能力が、細胞内の相互作用の複雑なネットワークを解明する全く新しい機会を提供する可能性があることである。多重化分析は、細胞機能の理解をより深めるための、遺伝子相互作用間の均衡を測定及び定量化するために使用することができる。
本発明の方法は、標的核酸の存在をアッセイする方法である。そのため、本発明の方法は、(標的核酸が細胞試料の細胞に存在する場合)、標的核酸を検出し、標的核酸検出に反応してシグナルを生成させ、そして生成シグナルを検出する方法である。検出された標的核酸により生成するシグナルは、任意の検出可能なシグナル(例えば、蛍光シグナル、増幅された蛍光シグナル、化学発光シグナルなど)が可能である
本発明の方法、装置、組成物、及びキットは、多様な用途に利用を見出す。本発明の方法は、標的核酸の存在が不明である場合の細胞試料の細胞を評価する方法である。場合によっては、アッセイを行う前において、細胞試料の細胞が標的核酸を発現するか否かは不明である。他の場合では、アッセイを行う前において、細胞試料の細胞が、予め定めた閾値の量(または相対量)より多い(超える)量(または相対量、例えば、別の核酸と比較して、または正常細胞中の標的核酸の量と比較して)で標的核酸を発現するか否かは不明である。そのような場合、本方法は、関心対象の標的核酸が予め定めた閾値の量より多い(超える)または未満である量で存在するか否かが不明である細胞試料の細胞を評価する方法である。実施形態によっては、本発明の方法は、細胞試料の個別細胞(複数可)中の核酸の発現レベル(または相対発現レベル)を求めるために使用することができ、通常は、細胞中の複数核酸の多重分析である。任意選択で、タンパク質などの追加マーカーも分析される。
同じく本開示が提供するのは、上記のとおりの方法を実施するためのキットである。本発明のキットは、上記の方法を実施するための試薬を含有し、ある特定の実施形態においては、複数のプローブ及びプライマーを含有することができ、そのようなプローブ及びプライマーとして、例えば、少なくとも1対の標的特異的オリゴヌクレオチドプライマー、パドロックプローブ用の対応する挿入プライマー及び骨格プライマー、ならびに任意選択で検出可能な部分で標識された検出プローブが挙げられる。キットは、試験試料から得られた結果を比較することができる参照試料も含有することができる。
単純化2プローブ近接ライゲーションシステムを用いた多重化単一分子RNA視覚化
単一分子レベルで遺伝子転写活性を定量することは、細胞表現型多様性、分化過程、及び遺伝子調節ネットワークを研究する上で重要である。最新の単一細胞発現プロファイリング方法は、cDNA生成を必要とし、このため効率が制限されるとともに、配列バイアスが導入される。代替方法であるsmRNA-FISHは、長い転写物に限定される。本発明者らは、遺伝子のin situ増幅、検出、及び可視化を可能にする簡潔な2プローブ近接ライゲーションシステムを創出し、SNAIL-RCAと名付けた。RCA産物は、単一ヌクレオチド伸長物とカップリングした未標識検出プローブと、蛍光ヌクレオチド類似体とのハイブリダイゼーションを介して検出される。蛍光撮像及び自動画像分析は、発現レベルの正確な定量を可能にする。多重化は、リハイブリダイゼーションを通じて可能であり、リハイブリダイゼーションは、バーコード解析戦略(parse barcoding strategy)と組み合わせることで、数百または数千の遺伝子の同時検出を可能にする。本発明者らは、SNAILが、細胞培養物ならびに組織試料で単一細胞転写多様性を検出できること、発現が少ない転写物を検出するために十分な感度を持つことを示す。
細胞及び組織中の単一RNA分子の多重視覚化は、典型的には、mRNAと直接ハイブリダイズさせる複数の蛍光標識化プローブを使用するsmRNA-FISHに依存する。しかしながら、先行アプローチは、典型的には、各mRNAとハイブリダイズさせるために必要な48個の20ntプローブを使用し、巨大mRNAへのアプローチを制限する可能性がある。また、ゲノムの巨大断片を提示する巨大ライブラリーを作製することは、法外に高価な可能性がある。bDNA技術は、短RNA、さらにはmiRNAさえも検出可能であるが、その多重化は、直交するbDNA配列を見つけることが困難なために制限される。あるいは、cDNAをin situで生成させ、次いでパドロックプローブとハイブリダイズさせ、パドロックプローブはRCAを介して連結及び増幅させることが可能であるが、効率の低さ及び逆転写の配列バイアスが、このアプローチのボトルネックとなる。
細胞培養。OVCAR4細胞を、10%FBS(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、100U/mLのペニシリン/100μg/mLのストレプトマイシン(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を含むRPMI-1640培地(Thermo Fisher Scientific)で培養した。細胞を、無血清RPMI-1640培地中、1.6%ホルムアルデヒド溶液とともに室温で30分間インキュベートすることにより、60%集密度で固定した。その後、細胞を氷上に移し、氷冷したメタノール(Sigma Aldrich)で透過処理し、メタノール下-80℃で貯蔵した。
Claims (23)
- 単一細胞中の標的核酸の存在量を測定する方法であって、
特異的ハイブリダイゼーションを許容する条件下、固定化及び透過処理された細胞を、少なくとも1対の変性SNAILオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーと接触させること、前記少なくとも1対の変性SNAILオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーは、スプリントプライマーオリゴヌクレオチド(SPO)及びパドロックオリゴヌクレオチド(PO)を含み、SPO及びPOはそれぞれ、前記標的核酸上の直接の隣接配列と相補的である第一相補領域(それぞれ、CR1及びCR1’)を含み、かつ、SPO及びPOはそれぞれ、さらに、CR1またはCR1’と隣接する位置にある第二相補領域(CR2及びCR2’)を含み、PO上のCR2’は、ハイブリダイゼーション後、POの5’末端及び3’末端が先頭と末尾とを突き合わせる様式で互いに直接隣接して配置されるようになるように、前記POの5’末端及び3’末端が、SPOのCR2とハイブリダイズするようなスプリット領域であり、
前記細胞を洗い、未結合プライマーを洗い落とすこと、
前記細胞をリガーゼと接触させること、前記POは、CR2’内の5’末端及び3’末端での結合により閉鎖環を形成し、
前記POをテンプレートとして、及び前記SPOをポリメラーゼ用プライマーとして用いて、ローリングサークル増幅を行うこと、
特異的ハイブリダイゼーションを許容する条件下、前記細胞を、増幅産物と結合するオリゴヌクレオチド検出プローブと接触させること、ならびに、
結合した検出プローブのレベルを検出して前記標的核酸の存在量を求めること
を含む、方法。 - 前記標的核酸はRNAであり、前記RNAは、2つの合成オリゴヌクレオチド、即ちスプリントプライマーオリゴヌクレオチド(SPO)及びパドロックオリゴヌクレオチド(PO)からなる複合体を組み立てるための足場として機能する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は、細胞集団中に存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞集団は、複数の細胞型を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 異なる標的核酸に対して特異性を有する複数のSNAILオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーが使用される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも5種類の異なる標的核酸が検出される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記標的核酸は、RNAである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記RNAは、mRNAである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記標的核酸は、DNAである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は、1種または複数の非核酸マーカーの発現について同時にプロファイリングされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1種または複数の非核酸マーカーは、タンパク質マーカーである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記検出プローブは、フルオロフォア、同位体、または質量タグの1種または複数で標識されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 検出は、フローサイトメトリー、配列決定、プローブ結合及び電気化学的検出、pH変化、DNAタグと結合した酵素により誘導される触媒反応、量子もつれ、ラマン分光法、テラヘルツ波技術、または走査型電子顕微鏡により行われる、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記フローサイトメトリーは、マスサイトメトリーまたは蛍光励起フローサイトメトリーである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 検出は、顕微鏡観察、走査型質量分析、または他の撮像技法により行われる、請求項1から14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 検出は、nano-SIMSにより行われる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- SNAILオリゴヌクレオチドの1つまたは複数の配列は、多重化分析で使用するための前記標的核酸の同定用バーコード情報を提供する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記POは、閉鎖環として提供され、前記細胞をリガーゼと接触させる工程は、省略される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 反応におけるプローブのTmは、溶液中のライゲーションを最小限に抑えるように選択される、請求項1から18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記検出プローブは、検出後に除去される、請求項1から19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記検出プローブは、異なる時点での異なるローリングサークル産物を差示的に検出する、請求項1から19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 複数のSNAILオリゴヌクレオチドプライマー対が同時に、RNA種にわたって、タイル状に並べられ、プライマーは、任意選択で、組み込まれたコードを含む、請求項1から21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から22のいずれか1項に記載の方法で使用される少なくとも1対の変性SNAILオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーと、
請求項1から22のいずれか1項に記載の方法で使用されるオリゴヌクレオチド検出プローブと
を含む、キット。
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