JP6778194B2 - 分子診断試験のためのデバイス及び方法 - Google Patents
分子診断試験のためのデバイス及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6778194B2 JP6778194B2 JP2017531623A JP2017531623A JP6778194B2 JP 6778194 B2 JP6778194 B2 JP 6778194B2 JP 2017531623 A JP2017531623 A JP 2017531623A JP 2017531623 A JP2017531623 A JP 2017531623A JP 6778194 B2 JP6778194 B2 JP 6778194B2
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Description
[1001] 本出願は、各々の全開示が参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる、2014年12月31日出願の米国仮出願第62/098,769号、表題「Molecular Diagnostic Device」、及び2015年9月2日出願の米国仮出願第62/213,291号、表題「Devices and Methods for Molecular Diagnostic Testing」に対する優先権及びそれらの利益を主張するものである。
[1176] いくつかの実施形態では、診断試験デバイス6000は、試料をデバイス6000及び/又は試料調製モジュール6200内に提供するように構成された試料輸送デバイス6110(図62を参照のこと)を含み得、かつ/又はそれとともにパッケージされ得る。図62に示されるように、試料移送デバイス6110は、遠位端部分6112及び近位端部分6113を含み、それを使用して、試料を試料カップ、容器等から吸引又は引き出し、その後、所望の量の試料をデバイス6000の入力部分6160に送達することができる。具体的には、遠位端部分6112は、所望の体積を有するリザーバ6115を規定する浸漬管部分を含む。近位端部分6113は、使用者によって試料をリザーバ6115内に引き込むように操作され得るアクチュエータ6117又は圧搾バルブを含む。試料輸送デバイス6110は、吸引ステップ中に過剰な試料流を受容する溢流リザーバ6116を含む。溢流リザーバ6116は、アクチュエータ6117が試料をデバイス6000の入力部分6160内に沈殿させるように操作されたときに溢流量が移送デバイス6110から運搬されるのを阻止する弁部材を含む。この配置により、所望の試料体積がデバイス6000に送達されることが確実になる。さらに、「弁付き」溢流リザーバ6116を含むことにより、試料入力中の誤用可能性が制限される。この配置により、科学的訓練も最低限しか(又は全く)必要とされず、かつ/又は試料をデバイス内に適切に送達する使用者の判断もほとんど必要とされない。
[1180] 試料調製モジュール6200は、下筐体6030の試料調製部分6023内に少なくとも部分的に配置され、試料入力部分6160の受容体積6164からの入力試料S1を受容するように構成されている。本明細書に記載されるように、試料調製モジュール6200は、試料S1を処理してその中の疾患に関連する生物の検出を容易にするように構成されている。外部試料調製及び扱いにくい器具の必要性を排除することにより、デバイス6000は、ポイントオブケア設定(例えば、医院、薬局等)又は使用者の自宅での使用に好適なものになり、任意の好適な試料S1を受容することができる。試料S1(及び本明細書に記載の入力試料のうちのいずれか)は、例えば、市販の試料収集キットを使用して集められた血液、尿、男性尿道検体、膣検体、子宮頸部スワブ検体、及び/又は鼻腔スワブ検体であり得る。
[1206] 本明細書に記載されるように、検出方法は、デバイス6000内での検出試薬(試薬R3〜R6)及び他の物質の連続送達を含む。さらに、デバイス6000は、ポイントオブケア場所(又は他の分散型場所)での使用のための「在庫」製品であるように構成されており、それ故に長期貯蔵のために構成される。いくつかの実施形態では、分子診断試験デバイス6000は、最大約36ヶ月間、最大約32ヶ月間、最大約26ヶ月間、最大約24ヶ月間、最大約20ヶ月間、最大約18ヶ月間、又はこれらの間の任意の値の期間貯蔵されるように構成されている。従って、試薬貯蔵モジュール6700は、それらの長期貯蔵容器から試薬を除去する使用者の単純な非経験的ステップのために、かつ単回の使用者行為を使用してそれらの貯蔵容器から全ての試薬を除去するように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、試薬貯蔵モジュール6700及び回転選択弁6340(以下に記載)は、使用者の介入なしに検出モジュール6800内で試薬を1つずつ使用することを可能にするように構成されている。
[1219] 図9の矢印S4によって示されるように、溶出溶液並びに捕捉された細胞及び/又は生物は、溶出動作中に、フィルタ組立体6230を通じて戻し、かつ不活性化モジュール(又は「チャンバ」)6300に運搬される。不活性化モジュール6300は、試料調製モジュール6200に流体連結され、試料調製モジュール6200から溶出された試料S4を受容するように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、不活性化モジュール6300は、受容された入力流体を溶解させるように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、不活性化モジュール6300は、溶解が生じた後に入力流体中に存在する酵素を非活性化するように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、不活性化モジュール6300は、出力流体と入力流体との間の交差汚染を阻止するように構成されている。
[1224] 図9(概略的に)、図38及び図39に図解されるように、混合モジュール(単に混合チャンバとも称される)6500は、不活性化モジュール6300の出力を試薬(例えば、R1及びR2)と混合して、功を奏するPCR反応を行う。同様に述べられるように、混合モジュール6500は、これらの2つの試薬R1及びR2を所与の入力体積で再構成すると同時に、体積全体としての試薬の均等な局所濃度を確実にするように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、混合チャンバモジュール6500は、検出モジュール6800に十分な体積を出力するために増幅モジュール6600に十分な液体体積を生成及び/又は運搬するように構成されている。
[1234] 図40〜図42は、流体駆動モジュール6400(流体移送モジュール6400とも称される)を示す。流体移送モジュール6400は、デバイス6000内で試料を操作するための任意の好適なモジュールであり得る。同様に述べられるように、流体移送モジュール6400は、流体圧力を生み出し、流体流を生み出し、かつ/又はさもなければ入力試料S1を運搬するように構成されており、試薬は全てデバイス6000の様々なモジュールを通る。以下に記載されるように、流体移送モジュール6400は、試料流と接触し、かつ/又はその内部に試料流を受容するように構成されている。従って、いくつかの実施形態では、デバイス6000は、単回使用のために特別に構成されており、流体移送モジュール6400及び/又は試料調製モジュール6200の汚染が先の実行で汚染されるようになり、それにより結果の正確度に悪影響を及ぼすという可能性が排除される。
V(z)=πr2z
式中、zは、第1ピストンプランジャ6415が移動する直線距離であり、rは孔6411の半径である。
V(z)=πr2z
式中、zは、第2ピストンプランジャ6445が移動する直線距離であり、rは、孔6441の半径である。
τ(F)=F(p/2πη)
式中、τ(F)は、力の関数としてのトルクであり、Fは、測定された力であり、pは、送りネジピッチであり、πは、定数「pi」であり、ηは、送りネジ効率である。表にしたデータから、流体移送機能を行うのに必要な最大トルクが決定され得る。加えて、これらの計算値を使用してモータ6910の仕様を定め、これにより、流体移送モジュール6400の圧縮ストローク中にも伸長ストローク中にもいずれにも経験される負荷に必要な最大トルクに対処することができるようになる。例えば、流体移送中に経験される最大トルクは、組み合わせ二重ピストンの圧縮ストローク中に生じ、その値は、0.211オンスインチである(表5に示される)。
[1256] 図9(概略的に)及び図43〜図45に図解されるように、増幅モジュール6600は、(上述の混合モジュール6500からの)必要な試薬と混合された標的DNAの入力にPCR反応を行うように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、増幅モジュール6600は、入力標的の迅速なPCR増幅を行うように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、増幅モジュール6600は、検出モジュール6800の感度の閾値に到達するか、又はそれを超過する出力コピー数を生み出すように構成されている。
[1271] 図9(概略的に)及び図46〜図49に図解されるように、検出モジュール6800は、増幅モジュール6600からの出力及び試薬モジュール6700からの試薬を受容して、初期入力試料中の標的生物の存在又は不在を示すための比色変化を生成するように構成されている。検出モジュール6800は、試験の一般的な正しい動作(陽性対照及び陰性対照)を示すための比色信号も生成する。本明細書に記載されるように、検出モジュール6800は、検出チャンバ内で比色変化をもたらす酵素連結検出反応のために構成されている。従って、出力(例えば、図66に示されるOP1、OP2、OP3)は、非蛍光信号である。この配置により、デバイス6000が光源(例えば、レーザー光線、発光ダイオード等)及び/又は任意の光検出器(光電子増倍管、フォトダイオード、CCDデバイス等)のないものになり、検出モジュールによって生成された出力を検出及び/又は増幅することが可能になる。いくつかの実施形態では、反応によって誘発された色変化は、読み取りが容易な二進法であり、陰影又は色相の解釈は必要ではない。
[1284] 本明細書に記載されるように、検出方法は、デバイス6000内での検出試薬(試薬R3〜R6)及び他の物質の連続送達を含む。さらに、デバイス6000は、ポイントオブケア場所(又は他の分散型場所)での使用のための「在庫」製品であるように構成されており、それ故に長期貯蔵のために構成される。いくつかの実施形態では、分子診断試験デバイス6000は、最大約36ヶ月間、最大約32ヶ月間、最大約26ヶ月間、最大約24ヶ月間、最大約20ヶ月間、最大約18ヶ月間、又はこれらの間の任意の値の期間貯蔵されるように構成されている。従って、試薬貯蔵モジュール6700は、それらの長期貯蔵容器から試薬を除去する使用者の単純な非経験的ステップのために、かつ単回の使用者行為を使用してそれらの貯蔵容器から全ての試薬を除去するように構成されている。いくつかの実施形態では、試薬貯蔵モジュール6700は、使用者の介入なしに検出モジュール内で試薬を1つずつ使用することを可能にするように構成されている。
[1296] システム6000(又は本明細書に示され、かつ記載されている任意の他のシステム)は、電力源6905、プロセッサ(上に示され、かつ記載されているプロセッサ4950と同様であり得る)、及び電子回路システムを含む制御モジュール6900を含む。電子回路システム(図示せず)は、本明細書に記載されるように、デバイス6000の動作を制御する様式で配置された任意の好適な電子構成要素、例えば、プリント回路基板、スイッチ、レジスタ、キャパシタ、ダイオード、メモリチップ等を含み得る。
[1307] 図68A〜図68Cは、診断試験デバイス6000(又は本明細書に記載の任意の他のシステム)によって遂行/実行される試験等の一実施形態による診断試験の方法6000’の詳細なプロセスフローチャートを図解する。ステップ6010’で、方法6000’は、試料を試験システムの入力ポート内に分注することを含む。ステップ6020’で、入力ポートはキャップされ、試料はフィルタ通じて押し込まれ、その後、緩衝液で洗浄される。いくつかの実施形態では、ステップ6030’で、最後の行為としてのこのボタンは、弁を開放してフィルタからの試料の溶出を可能にする。ステップ6040’で、溶出溶解緩衝液がフィルタを通じて押し込まれ、内容物を逆流させてフィルタから取り除き、不活性化チャンバを充填する。いくつかの実施形態では、方法6000’は、ステップ6040’で、本方法でのその後の使用のために一連の試薬槽を開放することをさらに含む。ステップ6050’で、本方法は、例えば、操作者が電池パックを試験システムに取り付けること等によって、試験システム内に収容された電子機器及び加熱器を電源オンにする/稼働させることを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、電源オン動作は、自動的にかつ/又は試薬開放ステップ(例えば、動作6040’)とともに行われ得る。あるいは、電池がカートリッジ/システム内に貯蔵される場合、いくつかの実施形態では、操作者は、電源ボタン押して試験システム内に収容された電子機器及び加熱器を起動させることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、試験システム上での光インジケータが光を発して、試験が動作していることを操作者に知らせる。
[1315] 診断試験/試験システム6000(並びに本明細書に記載の全ての他のデバイス及びシステム)は、生体液からの感染性疾患の検出の基盤である。いくつかの実施形態では、本診断システムは、消耗基盤内部のプライマーの種類を変化させて目的とする所望の核酸配列を増幅及び検出することによって、標的とされる感染性作用物質(例えば、細菌及びウイルス)を検出する。診断システム6000が尿又はスワブ試料のいずれかの試料収集及び四重STIパネル(すなわち、三重+陽性対照)の検出ために設計されているが、他の実施形態では、診断システム6000(又は本明細書に示され、かつ記載されている他のデバイスのうちのいずれか)は、他の診断パネルに容易に拡張され得る。例えば、E.coli、Staphylococcus saprophyticus、Enterococcus faecalis、Klebsiella pneumoniae、Proteus、及びP.aeruginosaの検出を可能にする尿路感染パネルを考慮されたい。試料調製モジュールは、所望の病原体を単離し、試薬(例えば、リゾチーム及びプロテイナーゼK)の添加及び熱によりこれらの生物を溶解することが示されている。その後に、病原体特異的プライマーは、これらの標的病原体の遺伝子配列の増幅を可能にするように混合チャンバに添加されなければならない。最後に、検出モジュール内の読み取りレーンに結合したハイブリダイズプローブは、これらの新たな特異的増幅標的に結合するように変化しなければならない。試験カートリッジの全ての他の態様は、変化しないまま留まり得る。
Claims (13)
- いかなる外部器具も用いることなく独立型分子診断試験デバイスを使用して標的核酸分子を検出する方法であって、
試料調製モジュールから増幅モジュールに入力試料を運搬するステップであって、前記試料調製モジュール及び前記増幅モジュールが各々、前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスの筐体内に固定して連結され、前記増幅モジュールは、反応体積を規定し、かつ、加熱器を含む、ステップと、
前記加熱器を介して前記反応体積の少なくとも一部内で前記入力試料を加熱して、前記入力試料内で前記標的核酸分子を増幅し、それによって、標的アンプリコンを含む出力溶液を生成するステップであって、前記加熱は、前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスの前記筐体内のプロセッサ又はメモリのうちの少なくとも1つに実装された制御モジュールによって制御される、生成するステップと、
前記筐体内の検出モジュール内で、A)前記出力溶液及びB)前記出力溶液内の前記標的アンプリコンの存在を示す信号を生成するために配合された試薬の各々を反応させるステップであって、前記検出モジュールは、前記標的アンプリコンを捕捉して前記信号を生成するように構成された検出表面を含む、ステップと、
前記信号に関連する結果を読み取るステップと、
前記読み取るステップの後、前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスを廃棄するステップと、を含む方法。 - 前記反応体積内で前記入力試料を加熱するステップは、10分未満の時間内に少なくとも30回の熱循環を通じて前記入力試料を加熱するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応体積は、蛇行流路を形成するように蛇行形状を有しており、前記加熱器は第1加熱器であり、前記入力試料を加熱するステップは、前記第1加熱器を介して前記蛇行流路の第1部分内に第1温度ゾーンを生成するステップと、第2加熱器を介して前記蛇行流路の第2部分内に第2温度ゾーンを生成するステップと、を含み、前記方法は、
前記蛇行流路内に、前記第1温度ゾーン及び前記第2温度ゾーンを繰り返し通る少なくとも0.2μl/秒の前記入力試料の流れを生成して、少なくとも30サイクルにわたって前記入力試料を加熱するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記試料調製モジュールから前記増幅モジュールに前記入力試料を運搬するステップは、前記筐体内に力を生成して前記入力試料を運搬するように構成された流体ポンプによって実行される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記出力溶液及び前記試薬の各々を前記検出モジュール内に運搬するステップは前記流体ポンプによって実行される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記標的アンプリコンは、chlamydia trachomatis、neisseria gonorrhea、trichomonas vaginalis、E.coli、Staphylococcus saprophyticus、Enterococcus faecalis、Klebsiella pneumoniae、Proteus又はP.aeruginosaのうちの少なくとも1つに関連する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスは、前記入力試料が前記試料調製モジュールから運搬された後、約25分未満で前記信号を生成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試料調製モジュール内に生体試料を運搬するステップと、
前記試料調製モジュール内で前記生体試料を加熱して前記入力試料を生成するステップであって、前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスは、前記生体試料が前記試料調製モジュール内に運搬された後、約25分未満で前記信号を生成する、ステップと、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記読み取るステップが、前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスの前記筐体によって規定された検出窓を介して実行される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体試料が、血液、尿、男性の尿道検体、膣検体、子宮頸部スワブ検体、又は鼻腔スワブ検体のうちのいずれか1つを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスのプラグを電源出力に差し込むステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記信号が生成された後少なくとも約30分間、前記筐体によって規定された検出窓を介して可視のまま留まる非蛍光可視信号であるように、前記試薬は配合される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応体積が、蛇行流路を形成するように蛇行形状を有しており、前記加熱器が第1加熱器であり、前記入力試料を加熱するステップは、前記第1加熱器を介して前記蛇行流路の第1部分内に第1温度ゾーンを生成するステップと、第2加熱器を介して前記蛇行流路の第2部分内に第2温度ゾーンを生成するステップと、を含み、前記方法はさらに、
少なくとも30サイクルにわたって前記入力試料を加熱するために前記第1温度ゾーン及び前記第2温度ゾーンを繰り返し通る前記入力試料の流れを前記蛇行流路内に生成するステップを含み、前記蛇行流路内で前記入力試料の流れを生成するステップは前記筐体内の流体ポンプによって実行され、前記流体ポンプは、前記独立型分子診断試験デバイスの前記筐体内の前記プロセッサ又は前記メモリのうちの少なくとも1つに実装された前記制御モジュールによって制御される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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