JP6232540B2 - Solid fuel combustion apparatus, solid fuel combustion method, gas heating apparatus, liquid heating apparatus, power generation system, and cooling system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel combustion apparatus and a solid fuel combustion method for burning a solid fuel such as a wood-based bulk combustible material (wood, carbide, or bio-based bulk combustible material) in a combustion furnace, and The present invention relates to a gas heating device, a liquid heating device, a power generation system, and a cooling system.

  A wood-based bulk fuel combustion apparatus has been proposed (Patent Documents 1 to 4). Wood-based bulk fuel refers to many forms of logs, thinned wood, driftwood, wood stock, pruned wood, lumber mill ends, woodwork lumber, laminated lumber, building wood, agricultural wood, civil engineering wood, etc. However, in addition to these, there are many biomass-type fuels such as firewood, wood chips, charcoal, coal, wood chips, wood pellets, wood firewood, rice husks, etc. Is included. The present invention relates to a boiler capable of burning a solid fuel including these bio-based bulk combustibles and coals in a large shape, and hereinafter, these fuels are collectively referred to as a wood-based bulk fuel. Called.

  Woody bulk fuel has been used as a useful energy source with the history of mankind, and other than fossil fuels are carbon neutral fuels for carbon dioxide countermeasures related to global warming and are important as zero emission type fuels. Since it is a fuel and is accompanied by incomplete combustion, it is not easy to prevent air pollution caused by smoke.

  On the other hand, in the use of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, coal-derived city gas, and propane gas, combustion technologies and combustion devices such as gas fuel, liquid fuel, and solid fuel of coal are developed. However, in order to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide gas and dust in the atmosphere, its use is restricted for PM2.5 dust and global warming countermeasures, but it often involves air pollution.

  As a method for burning wood-based bulk fuel, many methods are known along with the history of mankind, such as a bonfire, Iromori, furnace, wood stove, chip boiler, pellet boiler, firebed moving boiler, and wood chip generator. In these combustion methods, when the combustion and supply of fuel are controlled in a well-balanced manner, the flue gas contamination is the lowest, but the solid wood fuel flue gas has traditionally been fouled by incomplete combustion. It is difficult to eliminate this, and it is considered necessary to burn the fuel system at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. to 1100 ° C. to make it clean, but this is not a sufficient condition.

The method using bulk soot has the disadvantages of constantly supplying soot fuel according to the combustion state and always requiring manpower to manage the combustion according to how the soot is stacked and burned. In a large-scale wood steam engine or wood-burning stove, the fuel can be cut to about 5 to 20 cm at most and continuously supplied by human or mechanical means. In addition, since smoke and soot, carbon monoxide, and the like due to incomplete combustion are discharged, there is a drawback that it is difficult to take measures against environmental pollution. In addition, a method for suppressing the generation of smoke due to incomplete combustion using a secondary combustion device using an oil burner is known and a method having a function as an incinerator is known. Nothing has a time control function.
The use of chips and pellet fuel has the merit that a fixed amount of fuel can be supplied, but a furnace equipped with a continuous supply device is required, and a so-called open-type furnace must be used. For this reason, facilities and management with strict environmental measures are required. In addition, with chips and pellet fuel, there is a problem that production energy and cost spent for chip formation and molding cannot be ignored compared with fossil energy. In addition, there is a problem that the use of the wood-based fuel cannot be easily expanded because the combustion causes the generation of smoke and environmental pollution.
As an improvement measure, in Patent Document 1, a first burner of gas or oil fuel is installed under the support plate of the firewood in the combustion housing of the fireplace-type heater, and a pair of burners is further installed behind. Combustion systems have been proposed. However, in general, there are problems that it is not an effective method to use a large number of burners, and there is a problem that clean exhaust gas cannot be obtained. In Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, a method is proposed in which soot fuel is burned by a very slow method called an embedding method to suppress smoke generation. In order to obtain an appropriate calorific value, a large amount of an oxidation catalyst and a huge furnace are required, and it is difficult to extract an industrially useful amount of heat.

  In order to prevent solid pollution, which is a wood-based bulk fuel, in a boiler and prevent environmental pollution due to flue gas, the fuel quality is uniform and can be supplied continuously in a constant quantity, reducing the difference in the amount of resin, and containing water It is necessary to perform quantitative combustion by optimizing the rate (dryness) and the like. In addition, many problems such as dust and exhaust gas countermeasures, drain treatment, and residual ash treatment need to be cleared for boiler operation, and large-scale equipment is required for these environmental measures. There is a problem.

  In addition, in order to improve the quality of wood fuel and make it easy to use, the energy and cost consumed for processing, such as transportation, accumulation, drying, cutting and molding, will be the amount of energy contained in the absolutely dry wood fuel (up to 5,000kcal) There is a problem that it cannot be ignored compared to the cost of fossil fuel equivalent to / kg).

  Wood-based bulk fuel flue gas contains a large amount of water vapor, dust, soot, tars, foul odors, dioxins, etc., so it is not easy to prevent air pollution due to flue gas, and the shape, type, and moisture content of the fuel. In addition, there are many restrictions on quality, etc., and there are many restrictions on air pollution, water pollution, thermal efficiency, handling method, economy, etc. associated with combustion.

  The present inventor has developed a combustion technology and a boiler that can easily use a wood-based fuel such as a large-capacity bulk-like wood in recognition of the above problems, thereby providing a device having a function as a heating device. (Patent Document 4).

JP 2006-183920 A JP 2004-245563 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-343840 Japanese Patent No. 4734462

  It is not easy to install a large volume of woody fuel such as bulk wood in a batch type in a closed furnace and ignite it, and burn only the required amount of fuel over a long period to continue the combustion state. . That is, if the entire amount can be burned finally while burning only a part of the injected fuel, the bulk fuel can be effectively used. In addition, it is necessary for practical use as a combustion condition to freely change the combustion state to take out the necessary combustion heat, to suppress the heat generation, and to be in a dormant state (a state in which the progress of combustion is substantially stopped), Since it is necessary to return from the dormant state to the recombustion state for restarting, it is necessary to solve these problems in the combustion technology. Patent Document 4 can solve such a problem.

  However, Patent Document 4 discloses a structure of a combustion furnace necessary for burning a wood-based bulk fuel and a basic control method necessary for combustion, and the combustion control method is a basic manual method. It is. For this reason, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4 has a problem that requires skill in operation of the furnace, and it is necessary to develop a technique for automatically controlling the operation.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel combustion apparatus and a solid fuel combustion method with improved combustion efficiency, a gas heating apparatus, a liquid heating apparatus, a power generation system, and a cooling system.

As one aspect of the present invention, a solid fuel combustion apparatus comprises:
A combustion furnace for burning solid fuel;
A gas supply device for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the combustion furnace;
An exhaust device for exhausting the smoke exhausted from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace,
A control unit that controls the gas supply device and the exhaust device in conjunction with each other and controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace may be included.

  In general, a combustion apparatus for solid combustion generally has a structure in which air is taken in from an air inlet and smoke is discharged by a chimney discharge function. In some cases, a gas supply device for supplying air, such as a blower, and a discharge device for discharging smoke to the outside may be provided. However, there has been no idea of controlling the furnace pressure so that the air gas supply device and the flue gas discharge device work together to burn the solid fuel in the furnace at a low temperature under reduced pressure.

  The inventor has found that the combustion of solid fuel can be easily controlled by including a control unit that controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace by linking the gas supply device and the exhaust device. It came to be completed.

  In the present invention, the control unit can further control the combustion amount and temperature of the combustion furnace by controlling the gas supply device and the exhaust device.

  By controlling the temperature of the combustion furnace, since the temperature of the combustion furnace does not become high, damage to the combustion furnace can be suppressed. Further, when the combustion furnace is made of a chromium-based material, hexavalent chromium is likely to be generated when the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C. However, since the temperature of the combustion furnace can be controlled to 1000 ° C. or less, hexavalent chromium is generated, etc. The problem does not occur. In general, in the case of biomass fuel, in order to suppress the generation of soot for the purpose of complete combustion of the fuel, it is desired to burn at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. to 1100 ° C., and there is a problem that it becomes a combustion in a reducing atmosphere.

  In the present invention, the control unit may further control the gas supply device and the exhaust device to control the exhaust gas temperature at the exhaust port of the combustion furnace to 500 ° C. or lower, preferably 400 ° C. or lower. it can. By controlling the flue gas temperature at the exhaust port of the combustion furnace to 500 ° C. or lower, preferably 400 ° C. or lower, damage to the combustion furnace can be suppressed more reliably.

  In the present invention, the control unit can further control the degree of the oxidizing atmosphere of the combustion furnace by controlling the gas supply device and the exhaust device.

  By controlling the degree of the oxidizing atmosphere at a low temperature, when the combustion furnace is made of a chromium-based material, the reduction of chromium that occurs at high temperatures and in a reducing atmosphere can be suppressed, and the problem of hexavalent chromium is surely prevented. Can do.

In the present invention, the control unit can control the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace to −10 Pa or less when the solid fuel is burned in the combustion furnace. Since the internal pressure of the combustion furnace is -10 Pa or less, combustion that has conventionally occurred under normal pressure can be promoted at a low temperature, and conversely, combustion is suppressed by increasing the furnace pressure. It has been found that the amount can be easily controlled. Further, when there is a fuel addition port for adding solid fuel during combustion, when the fuel addition port is opened, it is possible to prevent flue gas and dust from jumping out from the combustion furnace. When the pressure is -10 Pa or less, no outward pressure is applied, and therefore an open / close door for closing a large fuel addition port can be provided without using a thick and large steel material. When the furnace pressure in the combustion furnace is negative, when a door is provided, it is not necessary to use a sturdy fixture. Solid fuel can be safely and sequentially supplied into the furnace, and it becomes easy to continuously supply fuel. When the internal pressure of the combustion furnace is −10 Pa or less, when the combustion furnace is opened, the flue gas of incomplete combustion is not released to the outside from the fuel addition port, so that the problem of backfire hardly occurs.
In the existing boiler, oxygen in the air is supplied into the furnace by the negative pressure due to the chimney effect, but the pressure difference with respect to the outside air is about −10 Pa. Due to the high temperature combustion gas from combustion air and fuel combustion, the smoke exhaust power by the chimney is the chimney effect, and the smoke is released outside the furnace, but is attracted to the flue to collect the dust contained in the smoke Although a fan is installed and dust is collected by supplying smoke to the cyclone, there is no example of drastically reducing the furnace pressure with an exhaust device for the purpose of lowering the fuel combustion temperature.

In the present invention,
A supply port for supplying the solid fuel provided in the combustion furnace;
An opening / closing door provided to close the supply port,
A heat-resistant sealing member is provided to prevent external gas from entering the portion where the pressing force is applied by the opening and closing door, provided at least part of the periphery of the supply port,
The sealing member can be composed mainly of a heat-resistant glass fiber, carbon fiber, or ceramic fiber having the same purpose.

  When the sealing member is composed mainly of glass fiber, carbon fiber, or ceramic fiber, when the combustion furnace becomes positive pressure, the pressing force of the open / close door is weakened, and the fibrous sealing It is possible to avoid that the gas in the furnace escapes through the member and the pressure in the combustion furnace becomes excessively high.

In the present invention,
Between the combustion furnace and the exhaust device, a condensing unit for condensing water vapor contained in the flue gas discharged from the combustion furnace is provided,
The condensing part may be constituted by a heat exchanger for transferring heat generated by condensation of water vapor to a liquid or gaseous medium.

  By condensing water vapor contained in the flue gas and transferring the condensation heat generated by the condensation to a liquid or gaseous medium, the heat generated during the condensation can be used effectively, and the combustion efficiency can be increased. it can. Generally, water vapor in the flue gas is exhausted without being recovered. Further, since the heat of the smoke is transferred to the liquid or gas secondary heat medium through the heat exchanger, the temperature of the smoke is lowered. For this reason, damage to the exhaust path such as a chimney can be suppressed. Further, since the water vapor is condensed, the water vapor contained in the flue gas is reduced, and accordingly, damage to the exhaust passage due to the water vapor can be suppressed. With this heat exchanger, the temperature of the flue gas can be lowered. The recombination of the decomposed dioxins can be suppressed by quenching high-temperature flue gas of, for example, 800 ° C. or higher at the entrance of the condensing unit, for example, to 200 ° C. or lower in the condensing unit.

In the present invention,
An exhaust passage for exhausting the flue gas provided between the exhaust port of the combustion furnace and the exhaust device;
An oxygen supply path for supplying a gas containing oxygen, connected to the exhaust path;
An ignition part provided in the exhaust passage,
The flue gas can be mixed with a gas containing oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply path and burned by a fire attracted by the ignition unit.

  Even if incomplete combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace by burning the exhaust gas, in the secondary combustion section, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc. contained in the exhaust gas Combustion gas components can be burned. Moreover, even if it is going to burn flue gas with an auxiliary burner etc., oxygen enough to burn flue gas is not supplied from the burner sufficiently. Oxygen can be supplied to the exhaust path for burning the flue gas while increasing the oxygen supply to the combustion furnace without increasing the internal pressure of the combustion furnace. It is preferable to supply the gas containing oxygen directly to the exhaust passage by the air supply nozzle.

  In the present invention, the oxygen supply path passes through the combustion furnace, and the gas containing oxygen is heated by the heat in the combustion furnace.

  By providing the oxygen supply path so as to pass through the combustion furnace, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path is heated by the heat of the combustion furnace. By heating the gas containing oxygen, when the gas is mixed with the flue gas and burned, the combustion is further promoted and the flue gas is easily burned.

  In the present invention, the oxygen supply path in the combustion furnace may be provided so as to pass through an upper part in the combustion furnace.

  In the combustion furnace, since the combustion gas component rises upward, it is preferable to burn in the upper part of the combustion furnace. For this reason, since the oxygen supply path is in the upper part of the combustion furnace, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path is easily heated by the heat generated by the combustion.

  In the present invention, the ignition unit may be provided on the downstream side of the exhaust passage from a location where the oxygen supply passage and the exhaust passage are connected.

  In the present invention, a burner for burning smoke is provided in the exhaust passage, and the burner is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust passage from a location where the oxygen supply passage and the exhaust passage are connected. A solid fuel combustion apparatus that also functions as the ignition part.

  By burning the flue gas with a burner, the temperature of the flue gas rises to 600-1000 ° C. For this reason, dioxins can be decomposed. Moreover, since it functions also as an ignition part at the time of mixing and burning the gas containing oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply path, and flue gas, a number of parts can be reduced.

In the present invention,
The oxygen supply path is connected to the gas supply device,
A conduction hole is provided in the oxygen supply path in the combustion furnace,
A part of the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path is supplied to the combustion furnace through the conduction hole, and the gas containing oxygen that has not been supplied to the combustion furnace passes through the oxygen supply path. It can be mixed with the flue gas.

  In the present invention, the oxygen supply passage may pass through an upper portion in the combustion furnace, and a conduction hole of the oxygen supply passage may be provided in the upper portion in the combustion furnace.

  In the combustion furnace, since the combustion component rises upward, it is preferable to burn in the upper part of the combustion furnace. For this reason, since the oxygen supply path is in the upper part of the combustion furnace, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path is easily heated by the heat generated in the combustion furnace.

  In the present invention, the tip of the oxygen supply path on the exhaust path side may have a nozzle shape. Oxygen can be reliably supplied at the location where the flue gas and the gas containing oxygen are mixed and burned.

  In the present invention, the exhaust passage may be provided with a catalyst portion for promoting oxidation of smoke components. By providing such a catalyst part, it is possible to more reliably oxidize the flue gas and to decompose the dioxins.

  In the present invention, the catalyst portion may be made of a honeycomb-type ceramic material composed mainly of an alkaline earth metal oxide. When the catalyst portion is made of such ceramics, the flue gas can be oxidized effectively.

  In this invention, the said catalyst part can control the said gas supply apparatus and the said smoke exhaust device so that it may be in an oxidizing atmosphere at the time of combustion, and the temperature may become 300 degreeC or more. Thereby, dioxins can be decomposed more reliably.

  In the present invention, the flow rate of the flue gas flowing in the exhaust passage can be a flow rate in which the gas in the volume from the gas supply device to the exhaust device flows in 0.1 to 2 seconds during combustion. . This flow rate makes it easy to control the combustion chemical reaction and maintain a high heat exchange function. Moreover, generation of dioxins can be suppressed.

As one aspect of the present invention, a solid fuel fuel device includes:
A combustion furnace for burning solid fuel;
An exhaust device for exhausting the smoke exhausted from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace,
When the solid fuel is burned in the combustion furnace, the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace is controlled to a negative pressure of −10 Pa or less by the exhaust device.

  According to this, solid fuel can be burned easily.

As one aspect of the present invention, a solid fuel combustion apparatus comprises:
A combustion furnace for burning solid fuel;
An exhaust device for exhausting the smoke exhausted from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace,
An exhaust passage for exhausting the flue gas provided between the exhaust port of the combustion furnace and the exhaust device;
An oxygen supply path for supplying a gas containing oxygen, connected to the exhaust path;
An ignition part provided in the exhaust passage,
The flue gas may be mixed with a gas containing oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply path and burned by a fire attracted by the ignition unit.

  According to this, the flue gas discharged from the combustion furnace can be reliably burned.

  The gas heating device of the present invention heats a gas by the heat generated by the solid fuel combustion device of the present invention.

  The liquid heating apparatus of the present invention heats a liquid by heat generated by the solid fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention.

  The power generation system of the present invention includes an evaporator for evaporating a liquid heat medium into a gas using heat generated by the solid fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, and rotational energy of the gas generated in the evaporator And a turbine for conversion.

  The cooling system of the present invention includes an evaporator for evaporating a liquid heat medium into a gas using heat generated by the solid fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, and a condenser for condensing the gas generated in the evaporator. And an evaporator for evaporating the heat medium condensed in the condenser and absorbing heat energy from the refrigerant.

As one aspect of the present invention, a solid fuel combustion method includes:
A gas supply device supplies a gas containing oxygen to a combustion furnace for burning solid fuel,
The exhaust device exhausts the smoke exhausted from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace,
The control unit controls the gas supply device and the exhaust device in conjunction with each other, controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace, and burns solid fuel.

As one aspect of the present invention, a solid fuel combustion method includes:
When the solid fuel is burned by the exhaust device for exhausting the smoke exhausted from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace for burning the solid fuel, the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace is adjusted by the exhaust device. It can control to -10 Pa or less and can burn a solid fuel.

As one aspect of the present invention, a solid fuel combustion method includes:
The exhaust device exhausts the smoke generated in the combustion furnace from the exhaust port,
Supplying an oxygen-containing gas to an exhaust passage for exhausting the exhaust gas provided between the exhaust port of the combustion furnace and the exhaust device, and mixing the oxygen-containing gas and the exhaust gas; The flue gas can be burned by a fire attracted by an ignition part provided in the exhaust passage.

  In the present invention, the solid fuel is not particularly limited as long as it is oxidized and burned, such as wood, coal, biomass (biological), plastic, and petroleum products.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a solid fuel combustion apparatus according to an embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the combustion apparatus of the solid fuel which concerns on embodiment. It is drawing which shows typically the cross section along the II line | wire of FIG. FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross section of a part of a combustion furnace, a part of an opening / closing door, and a small door. It is a figure which shows the cross section of a heat exchange body typically. It is a figure which shows typically the liquid heating apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the electric power generation system which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the air conditioning system which concerns on embodiment.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1. Background and Basic Configuration of Combustion Device Unlike gas fuel and liquid fuel, solid fuel cannot be burned at a uniform temperature throughout the fuel. In order to burn at a strong and uniform temperature, powdered fuel is ejected from a nozzle into a high-temperature space and burned. However, when the size of the solid fuel is increased like a firewood or a log, the inside is unburned even if the surface combustion progresses, and the burned portion and the unburned portion that is highly incompletely burned always coexist. Incomplete combustion is accompanied by the generation of soot, such as char, carbon monoxide, and soot, which are hydrocarbon components, accompanied by thermal decomposition. Therefore, in order to prevent air pollution and prevent the generation of PM2.5, it is necessary to suppress the generation of smoke and completely burn it to make it clean.

  In a furnace that burns wood-based bulk fuel in this way, a highly incomplete combustion state generally occurs, so there are no known devices that can keep exhaust gas clean in a batch furnace, fired boiler, or small heating device. In general, it is difficult to obtain a clean combustion. Moreover, it is not easy to keep the exhaust gas of automobile engines and boilers fueled by heavy oil or light oil that is much easier to burn than solid fuel.

  In a solid fuel combustion furnace, the control of the combustion amount is accompanied by the control of the supply air amount, but if the air amount is increased or decreased rapidly, incomplete combustion will increase and a large amount of smoke or dust will be emitted. There is a fact. Therefore, there is a problem that in the control of the heat generation amount, the increase / decrease of the supply air must be appropriately controlled and the burner cannot be produced.

The components of woody fuel are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, volatile components, trace metals and moisture, but the main combustion component is cellulose, and cellulose molecules (C ₁₂ H ₂₀ O ₁₁ ) are decomposed by combustion. Then, as shown in the formula (I), it becomes carbon dioxide and water vapor (N ₂ gas in the air is excluded for simplification).

Number 1
_{(C 12 H 20 O 11)} + Air (11.5O 2) = 10H 2 O + 12CO 2

  Hydrocarbons that burn even at relatively low temperatures are preferentially burned by oxygen contained in the cellulose, and carbon that burns at high temperatures tends to be oxidized primarily by the supplied air. For this reason, when thermal decomposition of the fuel starts under supply air, the combustion is accelerated by the oxygen contained in the fuel. Further, as the fuel is heated, the combustion is excessive due to the oxygen released by itself and the control of the combustion amount becomes difficult. There is a problem.

When complete combustion is performed by burning woody fuel, H ₂ O and CO ₂ are discharged into the exhaust gas, and 12 amounts (54.5 vol%) of carbon dioxide gas are generated with respect to 10 amounts (45.5 vol%) of water vapor. Further, when moisture represented by moisture content and humidity contained in combustion air are added, a large amount of water vapor is generated by combustion. Water content 20 Wt% of the fuel, or, at the 40Wt%, 61vol%, respectively water vapor for CO ₂ that occurs or becomes 68Vol%, will be approximately half of the combustion heat is consumed in the evaporation latent heat combustion There is a problem that causes defective or incomplete combustion.

  Therefore, in the woody biomass boiler according to the present embodiment, the temperature of flue gas passing through the heat exchanger is cooled to 100 ° C. or lower, and it is possible to recover the heat of condensation of a large amount of water vapor. Dioxins are rapidly cooled to a low temperature in the heat exchanger to suppress recombination.

As woody fuel, generation of water vapor and decomposition of cellulose components proceed as temperature rises, low-molecular gas that is easy to burn, such as hydrogen gas H ₂ , methane gas CH ₄ , carbon monoxide CO, is generated and burned first, Decomposition of lignin is the last. As a result, water-soluble methanol, acetic acid, phenols, tar components, and in some cases dioxins are generated centering on char, which is a low molecular weight hydrocarbon, and its thermal decomposition temperature is 200 ° C. as shown in the following table. From 500 to 500 ° C. However, the decomposition of dioxins generally requires a residence time of 2 seconds or longer in an oxidizing atmosphere of 800 ° C. or higher.

Thus, when pyrolysis and oxidation progress due to partial combustion of fuel, the surroundings are heated, the temperature rises, and combustion further spreads. Incomplete combustion always occurs in the combustion of wood-based bulk fuel, and carbon monoxide CO, carbohydrates C _n H _m , carbides (soot), odors, or dioxins are added to the flue gas. There is a problem of oxidizing and keeping clean fumes.

In order to control the combustion of the bulk wood fuel charged into the furnace, it was found that the following combustion processes must be combined, whether manually or automatically.
(1) Initial combustion that requires heating, drying, and ignition (2) Steady combustion in which a large amount of fuel burns with a flame (3) Open flame combustion in which charcoal carbides mainly burn (4) Burnt wood piles by stopping combustion (5) Reburning state to return from the dormant state to the combustion state (6) Additional combustion to extend the combustion time by adding fuel (7) Fire extinguishing to extinguish the fire These ( The combustion operation suitable for the processes 1) to (7) requires manual skill and requires an automatic operation method that anyone can operate, and an appropriate control method is required.

  The calorific value of the furnace is the sum of all calorific values from primary combustion to quaternary combustion, condensation sensible heat and flue gas calorific value in the tubular heat exchanger, and it was necessary to find an appropriate method for measuring the combustion amount. If the amount of combustion is increased, there will be problems with the heat limit of the structure such as furnace chambers, reaction ducts, catalysts, heat exchangers, etc. Furthermore, development of a practical combustion system to achieve clean smoke emission is required .

  In the operation of the furnace, the flue gas is likely to emit smoke, dust, or dioxins, which is a problem as PM2.5, so cleanliness is required. In addition, exhaust from the chimney, exhaust from the chimney, drain (condensed vinegar) that is a condensate generated in the flue, and combustion residue wood ash that is a metal oxide accumulate on the bottom of the furnace.

  In view of such many problems, the present embodiment can be burned in the cheapest bulk state without consuming energy for processing of the wood-based solid fuel (wood-based bulk fuel), It is another object of the present invention to provide an automatic combustion control method for a wood-based bulk fuel combustion furnace that can change the combustion state freely and effectively use the necessary combustion heat and can easily control the combustion.

  The wood-based bulk fuel boiler provided by this embodiment can use the wood-based bulk fuel dispersed in the region at the lowest cost, and when the operation is facilitated by automatic control, this wood-based bulk fuel boiler is used as a heat source. Therefore, it becomes easy to use a gas heating device, a drying device, a hot water supply device, or the like with high thermal efficiency, and the way to use inexpensive heat energy is opened. In addition, the boiler is a high-emission, zero-emission combustion method suitable for environmental measures, and it is also required to pioneer the use of pollutants for ashing and the like.

2. Specific Configuration of Combustion Apparatus A solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 according to an embodiment includes a combustion furnace 20, a gas supply apparatus 40 for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the combustion furnace 20, and a gas in the combustion furnace 20. And an exhaust device 42 for discharging. The gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42 are controlled by a control device 46.

  The solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 exhausts smoke generated in the combustion furnace 20 from an exhaust port 44 through an exhaust path. In the middle of the exhaust path, there are provided a reaction duct 50 for burning the smoke generated in the combustion furnace 20, and a heat exchanger 60 for exchanging heat of the smoke discharged from the reaction duct 50 with a gaseous or liquid medium. It has been.

  An opening / closing door 30 for supplying solid fuel to the combustion furnace 20 is provided. The combustion furnace 20 is surrounded by the housing 10. The heat exchanger 60 exchanges heat with a gas or liquid heat medium supplied into the housing 10. The housing 10 can be provided such that a space is created between the housing 10 and a surface other than the front surface of the combustion furnace 20, for example. More specifically, the housing 10 can cover the combustion furnace 20 such that a predetermined space is created between the back surface, the side surface, and the top surface of the combustion furnace 20.

  The combustion furnace 20 burns solid fuel. The combustion furnace 20 is supplied with a gas containing oxygen supplied from the gas supply device 40. The gas containing oxygen can be supplied from the upper part of the fuel furnace. The combustion furnace 20 is provided with an exhaust port 24 for exhausting smoke. The discharge port 24 can be provided in the lower part of the combustion furnace 20, for example. For example, a gas containing oxygen may be supplied to the combustion furnace 20 from the upper surface side of the combustion furnace 20 by an air supply nozzle. The exhaust port 24 for exhausting smoke can be provided, for example, at the lower back side. An internal flue 26 can be provided to guide the flue gas in the combustion furnace 20 to the exhaust port 24. The internal flue 26 can guide smoke from the upper side of the combustion furnace 20 to the exhaust port 24, for example. The internal flue 26 may be configured by providing a partition plate 28 made of heat-resistant steel so as to face the wall surface on the discharge port 24 side. By providing the inlet of the internal flue 26 in the upper part of the combustion furnace 20, the combustion gas component is guided upward, and the combustion gas component is easily burned in the upper part of the combustion furnace 20.

  The combustion furnace 20 includes a fuel supply port 22 for supplying the provided solid fuel and an open / close door 32 provided for closing the fuel supply port 22. A sealing member 36 is provided at least around the supply port of the combustion furnace 20 to prevent outside gas from entering. The sealing member 36 is provided at a portion to which a pressing force is applied by the opening / closing door 30. The sealing member 36 is composed mainly of heat-resistant glass fiber, ceramic fiber, or carbon fiber. When the sealing member 36 is composed of glass fiber, ceramic fiber, or carbon fiber as a main component, the pressing force of the open / close door 30 is weakened when the combustion furnace 20 becomes high pressure, and the glass fiber. Further, it is possible to avoid that the gas in the furnace escapes from the ceramic fiber or the carbon fiber and the pressure in the combustion furnace 20 becomes excessively high. The opening / closing door 30 is provided on the front side of the housing 10, for example. The open / close door 30 can be attached to the combustion furnace 20 by a hinge 38 so as to be openable and closable. The open / close door 30 can be provided with a fuel addition port 16 for allowing fuel to be added and a small door 32 for opening and closing the fuel addition port 16. The small door 32 can also be attached to the opening / closing door 30 by a hinge 38 so as to be opened and closed.

  The combustion furnace 20 can be made of a general steel plate or a heat resistant steel plate. For example, a plurality of handles 34 for adjusting the tightening pressure of the opening / closing door 30 are provided on both sides of the opening / closing door 30, and the opening / closing door 30 is tightened by the handles 34 to tighten the packing as the sealing member 36. Can be adjusted over a wide range. In addition, a small door 32 that opens and closes the opening is provided with an opening on the upper part of the opening / closing door 30, and similarly to the opening / closing door 30, the tightness of packing as a sealing member 36 provided on the small door 32 can be adjusted by the handle 34. Can be.

  The gas supply device 40 can be, for example, a fan capable of adjusting the frequency with a solenoid valve at the outlet. The gas supply device 40 can be configured to be able to supply an accurate air volume between a minimum air amount of 0% and a maximum air amount of 100% by a solenoid valve, and in a dormant state in which the combustion of the combustion furnace 20 is stopped, The supply of a minute amount of air that can be maintained is guaranteed, and the air can be completely shut off to extinguish the fire. The exhaust device 42 can be, for example, a fan capable of frequency adjustment with a solenoid valve at the outlet. For example, the gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42 may perform inverter control.

  The control unit 46 detects the temperature by, for example, a temperature sensor, and controls the gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42. By controlling the gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42 in conjunction with each other by the control unit 46, the internal pressure of the combustion furnace can be adjusted. The pressure of the combustion furnace 20 is, for example, −10 Pa or less, preferably less than −10 Pa and in the range of −1000 Pa or more, preferably less than −10 Pa and in the range of −500 Pa or more, more preferably in the range of −50 to −500 Pa. More preferably, it can be in the range of -150 Pa to -300 Pa. An appropriate value of the furnace pressure can be selected according to the structure and function of the furnace. The control unit 46 may be configured by a control panel having a control circuit, or may be configured by a control device 46 including a central processing unit (CPU or the like), ROM, and RAM. The control unit 46 may also have a function of controlling each unit of the solid fuel combustion apparatus 100. The control unit 46 may control each unit based on the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors T1 to T8.

  By controlling the internal pressure of the combustion furnace 20 to −10 Pa or less, combustion is promoted at a low temperature and can be easily controlled. Further, when there is a fuel addition port for adding solid fuel during combustion, when the fuel addition port 16 is opened, it is possible to prevent flue gas and dust from jumping out from the combustion furnace 20. When the pressure is -10 Pa or less, no pressure is applied to the outside, and therefore the open / close door 30 that closes the large fuel supply port can be provided without using a thick and large steel material. When the open / close door 30 is provided because the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace 20 is a negative pressure, it is not necessary to use a sturdy fixture. Solid fuel can be supplied sequentially and safely, and fuel can be continuously supplied.

  In existing boilers, air may be supplied into the furnace and exhausted by the exhaust device 42. However, since the furnace pressure is not controlled, the furnace pressure due to the combustion gas tends to be positive and is about a maximum. +500 Pa is the operating limit pressure. When the internal pressure of the combustion furnace 20 is −10 Pa or less, when the opening of the combustion furnace 20 is opened, flue gas of incomplete combustion is not released from the opened part, and it is easy to avoid accidents due to backfire.

  By controlling the gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42 in conjunction with each other by the control unit 46, the temperature in the combustion furnace 20, the degree of oxidizing atmosphere, and the combustion of the solid fuel can be controlled. The smoke emission temperature at the discharge port 24 of the combustion furnace 20 can be 500 ° C. or less, preferably 400 ° C. or less, more preferably 200 to 400 ° C. In addition, by controlling the combustion of the solid fuel, it is possible to prevent the solid fuel from burning at once.

  In general, the solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 generally has a structure in which air is taken in from an air inlet and smoke is discharged by a chimney discharge function. In some cases, a supply device for supplying air such as a blower, a discharge device for discharging smoke exhaust to the outside, or a bag filter, a swiveling device for collecting dust from the exhaust smoke, and A cyclone dust collector may be provided. However, there has been no idea of controlling the combustion of the solid fuel by linking the air supply device and the smoke emission device to make the furnace pressure negative.

  The inventor can easily control the combustion of the solid fuel by including the control unit 46 that controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace 20 by linking the gas supply device and the exhaust device 42. I found.

  According to the present embodiment, since the temperature in the combustion furnace 20 can be controlled under reduced pressure, the temperature does not become high, so that damage to the combustion furnace 20 can be suppressed. Further, when the combustion furnace 20 is made of a chromium-based material, hexavalent chromium tends to be generated when the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C. However, since the temperature of the combustion furnace 20 can be controlled to 1000 ° C. or lower, There will be no problems that occur. In general, in the case of biomass fuel, the temperature in the combustion furnace 20 is often increased to 1000 to 1100 ° C. in order to approach the condition of complete combustion.

  According to the present embodiment, since the degree of the oxidizing atmosphere can be easily controlled, reduction of chromium that occurs under reduction when the combustion furnace 20 is made of a chromium-based material can be suppressed, and hexavalent chromium. Can be surely prevented.

  The reaction duct 50 is for completely burning the exhaust gas. Since the flue gas can be burned by the reaction duct 50, the flue gas of incomplete combustion can be burnt completely easily. The reaction duct 50 can be provided with, for example, a first smoke combustion section 52, a second smoke combustion section 54, and a third smoke combustion section 56. The reaction duct 50 can be made of a heat resistant steel plate. When the reaction duct 50 and the combustion furnace 20 are made of different materials, the thermal expansion is different. Therefore, the connection part between the reaction duct 50 and the combustion furnace 20 is connected to each other with a flexible structure so that large expansion and contraction due to heat can be freely made. Can be absorbed.

  The first flue gas combustion section 52 is for burning flue gas by mixing flue gas and oxygen-containing gas using ignition means such as a burner as a fire type. The gas containing oxygen is supplied from the oxygen supply path 70. The oxygen supply path 70 can be provided so as to pass through the combustion furnace 20. Thereby, oxygen passing through the oxygen supply path 70 can be heated in the combustion furnace 20. The oxygen supply path 70 is connected to the gas supply device 40, and a conduction hole 72 is provided in the oxygen supply path 70 in the combustion furnace 20, and a part of the oxygen-containing gas in the oxygen supply path 70 passes through the conduction hole 72. A gas containing oxygen that is supplied to the combustion furnace 20 and not supplied to the combustion furnace 20 may pass through the oxygen supply path 70 and be mixed with the flue gas. The 1st flue gas combustion part 52 may induce the fire of the combustion means applied with the 2nd flue gas combustion part 54, and may burn flue gas. Although the temperature of the flue gas in the 1st flue gas combustion part 52 can be made into the range of 200-600 degreeC, for example, More preferably, it can be 250-500 degreeC. A tip 74 of the oxygen supply path 70 is formed into a nozzle shape, and a gas containing oxygen can be discharged from the tip 74 to the first flue gas combustion unit 52 and mixed with flue gas containing unburned components.

  The oxygen supply path 70 can be provided so as to pass through the upper part in the combustion furnace 20, and the conduction hole 72 of the oxygen supply path 70 can be provided in the upper part in the combustion furnace 20. In the combustion furnace 20, the combustion component rises upward, so that it is preferable to burn in the upper part of the combustion furnace 20. For this reason, since the oxygen supply path 70 is above the combustion furnace 20, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 is easily heated by the heat generated in the combustion furnace 20.

  Even if incompletely combusted exhaust gas is exhausted from the exhaust port 24 of the combustion furnace 20 due to the presence of the first exhaust gas combustion part 52, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc. contained in the exhaust gas are burned. Can do. Even if you try to burn the flue gas with a burner, oxygen that burns the flue gas is not supplied from the burner. Without increasing the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace 20, oxygen can be supplied directly to the exhaust passage in the reaction duct 50 for burning the flue gas while reducing the supply of oxygen to the combustion furnace 20.

  By providing the oxygen supply path 70 so as to pass through the combustion furnace 20, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 is heated by the heat of the combustion furnace 20. By heating the gas containing oxygen, when the gas is mixed with the flue gas and burned, the combustion is further promoted and the flue gas is easily burned.

  In the combustion furnace 20, the combustion component rises upward, so that it is preferable to burn in the upper part of the combustion furnace 20. For this reason, since the oxygen supply path 70 is above the combustion furnace 20, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 is easily heated by the heat generated in the combustion furnace 20.

  The second flue gas combustion section 54 is for burning the flue gas remaining in the first flue gas combustion section 52 by a combustion means such as a burner. The temperature of the smoke in the 2nd smoke combustion part 54 can be 600-1000 degreeC, for example. By burning the flue gas with a burner, the temperature of the flue gas usually rises to 800-900 ° C. For this reason, dioxins can be decomposed easily.

  The 3rd flue gas combustion part 56 can consist of a catalyst part for further promoting the oxidation of the component of flue gas. The catalyst portion may be a honeycomb-type ceramics composed mainly of an alkaline earth metal oxide. In particular, the catalyst portion is preferably a ceramic that can be used at 300 ° C. or higher, preferably 1000 ° C. The catalyst portion can be configured to be placed in an oxidizing atmosphere during combustion and have a temperature in the range of 300 to 1000 ° C., for example. An oxidizing atmosphere can be realized by controlling the gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42 to increase the supply amount of a gas containing oxygen. Also in the third flue gas combustion unit 56, dioxins can be decomposed.

The chemical component of the oxidation catalyst suitable for the purpose is, for example, CaOSiO ₂ , CaOAl ₂ O ₃ , or MgOAl ₂ O ₃ , and their melting points are 1540 ° C., 1600 ° C., and 2135 ° C., respectively. These practical maximum temperatures are 900 ° C., 1000 ° C., and 1100 ° C., respectively. Both can be obtained by molding an equivalent mixture of unit CaO, SiO ₂ , MgO, or Al ₂ O ₃ and then sintering at a high temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere. Since the sintering temperature depends on the particle size of the raw material used, it does not need to be specified, but it should be 200 to 400 ° C. higher than the practical temperature. The chemical components of these oxidation catalysts do not need to be limited to the above three types, and can be composed of mixed components, and some metal oxides such as SiO ₂ can be used as a sintering aid. It can contain extra things.

  Since the flue gas is oxidized by a direct chemical reaction in the honeycomb type space surrounded by the surface or walls of these oxidation catalysts, there is no need to use expensive noble metals such as Pt or Pd. In addition, the use of these noble metals for catalytic activity is disadvantageous because of high consumption due to oxidation and evaporation at high temperatures and chemical reactions.

  In order to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the oxidation catalyst, it is better to adopt a honeycomb structure. With a wood bulk fuel boiler, it is not necessary to greatly reduce the flue gas resistance like an automobile engine, and the cell density per square inch If it is 200-300, it can be set as several 10 Pa or less pressure loss. Since the cell wall is thinned by a direct chemical reaction with the flue gas, it is not necessary to increase the cell density. However, the secondary combustion in the first flue gas combustion part 52, the tertiary combustion in the second flue gas combustion part 54, And the reaction duct 50 which can perform an effective flue gas process at the temperature of 300 degreeC or more-1000 degreeC with the heat | fever of the 4th combustion in the 3rd flue gas combustion part 56 is realizable.

  In the heat exchanger 60, a large amount of water vapor contained in the flue gas is condensed by exchanging heat with the heat medium, and heat of condensation is generated. Condensed water is collected. The heat exchanger 60 is formed of, for example, a tubular heat exchanger, and fins 62 can be provided as shown in FIG. 5 in order to increase the surface area. The smoke emission temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger 60 can be set to 500 to 700 ° C. or less, for example. The smoke emission temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 60 can be set to 200 ° C. or less, for example. The water condensed in the heat exchanger 60 moves inside the heat exchanger 60 and is discharged to the outside. The heat exchanger 60 may be on the side of the combustion furnace 20 or on the top of the combustion furnace 20. The heat exchanging body 60 may be provided horizontally, or may be provided so as to go down as it goes to the exhaust port 44 side. By providing the heat exchanger 60 so as to go down toward the exhaust port 44, the condensed water generated in the heat exchanger 60 can be reliably guided to the exhaust port 44.

  In the heat exchanger 60, the water vapor contained in the flue gas is condensed, and the heat generated by the condensation is transferred to a liquid or gaseous medium, so that the heat generated in the condensation can be used effectively. Combustion efficiency can be increased. In a general boiler, water vapor in the flue gas is exhausted without being recovered. Moreover, since the heat | fever of a flue gas transfers to the liquid or gaseous heat medium through the heat exchanger 60, the temperature of flue gas becomes low. For this reason, damage to the exhaust path such as a chimney can be suppressed. Further, since the water vapor is condensed, the water vapor contained in the flue gas is reduced, and accordingly, damage to the exhaust passage due to the water vapor can be suppressed. Since the heat of the exhaust gas can be transferred to the outer heat medium by the heat exchanger 60, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be lowered. For example, the flue gas at 700 ° C. is rapidly cooled to 200 ° C. or less at the entrance of the condensing unit composed of the heat exchanger 60 to effectively prevent recombination of decomposed dioxins. it can.

  The solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 may be provided with thermometers T1 to T8 for measuring temperatures at various places. The thermometer can be composed of a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple. The temperature to be measured includes, for example, the temperature near the ceiling of the combustion furnace 20, the temperature near the exhaust port 24 where the smoke is discharged from the combustion furnace 20, the temperature near the second flue gas combustion unit 54, a burner, and the like. Examples thereof include temperature and catalyst temperature.

  The combustion in the combustion furnace 20 is “primary combustion”, the combustion in the first flue gas combustion part 52 is “secondary combustion”, the combustion in the second flue gas combustion part 54 is “third combustion”, and the third Combustion in the flue gas combustion unit 56 is defined as “quaternary combustion”, and each term is used in this specification.

  In this embodiment, the present inventor aims to provide an automatic combustion control system for a wood-based bulk fuel boiler that is easy for anyone to use. For this purpose, for example, a total of eight temperature sensors T1 to T1 are provided inside and outside the apparatus. T8 is installed to provide a method for clean burning of wood-based bulk fuel, which is a solid fuel.

  For example, when the first temperature sensor T1 is provided with the first opening 12 communicating with the passage of the heat medium in a part of the center of the ceiling of the housing, the intake of the heat medium (for example, heating air) is provided. It is a sensor for measuring the temperature of. The second temperature sensor T2 is, for example, a heat medium (for example, heated) that is heated directly below the heat exchanger 60 provided between the casing and the casing that covers the hot air passage that is the space on the side surface of the combustion furnace 20. Air). The third temperature sensor T3 is a sensor that measures the temperature of the center of the ceiling in the combustion furnace 20, for example. The fourth temperature sensor T4 is a sensor that measures the temperature in the vicinity of the burner, for example. The fifth temperature sensor T5 is a sensor for measuring the temperature immediately above the catalyst. The sixth temperature sensor T <b> 6 is a sensor that measures the temperature of the outlet 24 of the hot air blower 80. The seventh temperature sensor T7 is a sensor that measures the temperature in the greenhouse to which hot air is to be supplied. The eighth temperature sensor T8 is an outside air thermometer. By comparing the temperatures indicated by the thermometers of the first to eighth temperature sensors with the respective set values, the automatic combustion control of the wood based bulk fuel combustion furnace 20 can be performed.

  The total heat generation amount is controlled by increasing or decreasing the amount of air supply determined by the relationship between the gas supply device 40 and the exhaust device 42. Corresponding with the opening and closing of the solenoid valve according to the difference between the target hot air temperature and the actual hot air temperature, the maximum allowable amount of combustion is the ceiling temperature T3, burner temperature T4, and catalyst temperature T5 in the furnace chamber It can be controlled automatically.

  In the present embodiment, control of the combustion amount is important for the operation of the combustion furnace 20, and the calorific value thereof includes all calorific values from primary combustion to quaternary combustion, and condensed sensible heat in the heat exchanger 60. And the total amount of heat that the flue gas has. As means for grasping the combustion amount of the combustion furnace 20, the primary combustion heat of the combustion furnace 20, the secondary combustion of the reaction duct 50, the tertiary combustion by the auxiliary combustion burner, the quaternary combustion by the oxidation catalyst and the heat exchanger It has been found that the hot air temperature T2 obtained at a position designated directly below the tubular heat exchanger in the flue passing through 60 can be used as a factor representing the combustion amount.

  The boiler flue gas burning biomass is required to be cleaned because it contains soot and particulate PM2.5, pitches or dioxins. In the present embodiment, secondary combustion (first smoke combustion unit 52) provided in the flue after primary combustion (combustion in the combustion furnace 20), tertiary combustion (second smoke combustion unit 54). ) And a method of obtaining clean flue gas through the system of quaternary combustion (third flue gas combustion unit 56).

  When performing the operation of burning the wood-based bulk fuel in the combustion furnace 20, an efficient usage method is preferable from the standpoint of use, and for example, two methods can be used depending on the usage form. One method is a batch type, in which a large amount of fuel is injected into the combustion furnace 20 at a time. In a typical example, fuel is consumed for 5 days, and then the furnace temperature is lowered and new fuel is injected. This is a method of restarting the combustion operation by a one-week cycle. The second method is a replenishment type, in which a desired amount of fuel is introduced into the furnace chamber from the small door 32 or automatic inlet in accordance with a shortage of fuel during the combustion operation. This is a method in which the fuel is replenished on the next day and the combustion operation can be repeated in a one-day cycle. The wood ash that accumulates in the bottom of the furnace can be used continuously by removing it once every six months.

3. Control technology In the combustion furnace 20 using wood and wood-based bulk fuel or carbide as fuel (hereinafter referred to as wood bulk fuel boiler), it can be used as the cheapest fuel without processing logs or wood stocks. In order to prevent environmental pollution due to incomplete combustion, the following basic combustion control technology can be used.

  First, the basic structure of a wood-based bulk fuel boiler and the accompanying combustion control method are disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 4 by the present inventor. However, manual operation of the bulk fuel boiler has many problems and requires considerable skill. The reason for this is that the combustion temperature, combustion speed, smoke emission, etc. are affected by differences in tree species such as cypress, cedar, larch, and bamboo, fuel thickness and shape, and moisture content (dryness). The combustion control conditions are different. Therefore, considerable skill is required to perform the furnace combustion control manually, and an automatic operation control function that anyone can easily operate is required.

  When ignition is performed from a fuel that easily burns to wood-based bulk fuel, such as soot, to a non-burnable bulk fuel, the range of combustion is expanded by a flame that emits smoke. If there is fuel where it is directly heated by the flame, the unburned part receives the heat of combustion and the flame further expands, but as a feature of the bulk fuel boiler, combustion is directed downward from the top of the fuel, The combustion heat from the flame heats and ignites the surrounding fuel, but the temperature of the fuel underneath rises little, and the temperature rises slightly and the drying proceeds. At the beginning of combustion, hydrogen and light hydrocarbons are first burned with flames, followed by bonfire combustion centering on carbonized parts and charcoal fire, and finally wood ash remains.

  In order to burn solid fuel such as wood-based bulk in a combustion furnace, it is better to understand it as a combustion process that matches the characteristics of the combustion state, and the control characteristics of each process are divided into the following seven types of combustion modes. It was found that by sorting and controlling, all processes required for furnace operation can be accommodated.

  As a method of controlling the combustion of the bulky wood fuel, (1) an initial mode in which the fuel needs to be ignited, (2) a steady mode in which the fuel burns with the flame, (3) a bonfire mode in which the carbide of the combustion residue burns, (4 ) Dormant mode in which combustion is stopped and fire species are trapped in burnt wood piles or wood ash, (5) Reburn mode to return from dormant state to combustion state, (6) Reheating mode in which fuel is added to extend combustion time, (7) The problem is solved by classifying the fire extinguishing modes to extinguish the fire and setting a combustion control method suitable for each mode. As a system, (8) Emergency safety measures may be automated.

  The initial mode refers to an operation of igniting the fuel after a fuel injection operation and an apparatus inspection operation. Ignition work is either automatic or manual work, but for simplicity, the basic manual work will be used for explanation. Generally, there are many fuels that are difficult to ignite, such as logs, driftwood, sawn timber, wood stocks, etc., which are put into the furnace. As a brazing material, if you use extinguisher as the brazing material, it can be ignited very easily and reliably. Extinguishing charcoal can be obtained in large quantities when the furnace is extinguished a little earlier, rather than having the furnace run to the end and burning it completely to make only wood ash.

  During the inspection and ignition work, the large door of the furnace chamber is opened, the auxiliary burner is ignited, and the gas supply device 40 (air supply fan), solenoid valve, and exhaust device 42 (induction fan) are driven at the maximum capacity. To do. If there is no abnormality, the ignition to the brazing is recommended, the preheating of the reaction duct 50, catalyst, heat exchanger, induction fan, chimney, etc. is recommended, and after confirming that the fuel body has ignited in about 15 minutes, The large door is closed, and it is possible to shift to a steady mode in which automatic combustion is performed.

  In the initial mode, the burner ignition, the gas supply device 40, the solenoid valve, the induction fan, etc. are driven according to the set values set by the programmable controller, and the operation of checking the fuel ignition and closing the large door is a manual operation. .

  In the steady mode in which the fuel burns with the flame, the combustion state after ignition of the fuel varies greatly depending on the quality of the fuel, such as the difference in the fuel tree species, dryness, shape, size, etc., so it is the most automatic control among all combustion modes Is a difficult part.

  When the fuel is ignited and the mode is changed from the ignition mode to the steady mode, the combustion state is usually greatly different depending on the ignition state, and it is necessary to realize a calm combustion state before shifting to the automatic control. . First, when the small door 32 is opened, it can be seen that the inside of the furnace is filled with smoke, the furnace pressure is negative, and it is normal that the smoke does not blow out from the small door 32. After a while, it can be seen that a large flame is generated by the air sucked from the small door 32. On the other hand, the state in which smoke is ejected from the small door 32 to the outside of the furnace is an overcombustion state, and it is necessary to immediately close the small door 32 to avoid inflow of air and to lower the opening of the solenoid valve.

  First, (2) in the steady mode, for example, the solenoid valve of the gas supply device 40 is preferably closed to 30% to 60%, more preferably 40% to 50% and maintained for 10 minutes to 60 minutes. More preferably, by maintaining for 30 to 40 minutes, the combustion state due to the difference in fuel quality and (1) the difference in fuel ignition in the initial mode is adjusted. After the adjustment of the initial combustion state, the exhaust device 42 is maintained at 40 Hz to 50 Hz, and the furnace pressure is -10 Pa or less, preferably less than -10 Pa and in the range of -1000 Pa or more, more preferably less than -10 Pa and -500 Pa or more. Within a range of −50 Pa to −500 Pa, more preferably within a range of −150 Pa to −300 Pa, and a negative pressure in the furnace is maintained, and the generated hot air temperature T2 is electromagnetic so that the set value is achieved. An automatic combustion control method characterized by automatically adjusting the valve is used.

  The amount of combustion is adjusted by an electromagnetic valve for the deviation of the hot air temperature T2, but as a feature of the wood fuel boiler, the heat capacity of the combustion furnace 20 as a whole is large, and the temperature of the fuel increases with combustion and the oxygen released from the fuel Because of this, self-combustion proceeds, and there is a problem that overcombustion is likely to occur. In overcombustion, the hot air temperature T2, and thus the hot air temperature T5, becomes higher than the set value, and the catalyst temperature T4 and the temperature T3 in the combustion furnace 20 also become higher. In order to quickly suppress the overcombustion state before entering the overcombustion state, not only the supply of oxygen from the air supply valve is reduced, but also the furnace that has a negative pressure by reducing the suction speed by the exhaust device 42 It was found that by increasing the internal pressure, the fire extinguishing can be effectively promoted while suppressing smoke generation.

  Thus, in order to quickly weaken the combustion force from the overburning state, for example, a gentle opening / closing speed is used to suppress smoke generation due to a rapid opening / closing operation of the electromagnetic valve, and an appropriate opening / closing speed is 1% to 1% per minute. 10%, more preferably 4% to 6%. At the same time, it is preferable to lower the exhaust speed of the exhaust device 42, and it is better to lower it from 35 Hz to 30 Hz, 25 Hz, and 20 Hz by a step operation. In this case, it was found that by reducing the rotational speed of the exhaust device 42 at 0.5 Hz per minute and setting the minimum value to about 10 Hz, it is suitable for suppressing excessive combustion and smoke generation.

  If the combustion in the steady mode is continued, the hot air temperature T2 starts to rise, and usually the hot air temperature T5 also rises with a slight delay. The set value of the hot air temperature T5 varies depending on the season and application, and is usually 20 ° C to 60 ° C. Especially for the heating of plants and animals, the maximum temperature is the hot air blower (hot air fan) 80 or plastic. Usually, the heat resistance limit of the duct is 60 ° C. In this case, the maximum heating capability that is the difference between the temperature T1 of the air intake and the warm air temperature T5 of the warm air output is approximately ΔT to 50 ° C.

  Since the heat output depends on the hot air temperature T5 and the air volume, the air volume can be reduced when a high hot air temperature is required for a constant heat output, and the air volume can be increased at a low hot air temperature. Since the hot air blower 80 is driven by an inverter, the air volume can be easily changed mechanically. However, since the change in the air volume of the hot air blower 80 impairs the combustion stability of the combustion furnace 20, that is, the thermal equilibrium state, stable combustion is possible. In order to maintain the state and the fuel output, it is good to limit the change to at most once per hour.

  However, for use as a dryer, a hot air temperature of 90 to 120 ° C. may be used. In this case, a hot air blower 80 having a heat resistance limit of 180 ° C. or higher is used. In addition, the high-temperature return hot air 50 ° C to 60 ° C used is taken into the air intake and is heated to supply hot air of a maximum of 100 ° C to 110 ° C. Will be reduced to 50% or less.

  When dry fuel (water content of about 20%) is used, the warm air temperature often reaches the set value in about 2 hours after the fuel is ignited. In the case of a high-humidity fuel (moisture content of 30% to 40%), depending on the tree species and quality, it often takes time to increase the temperature of the combustion furnace 20, and 5 hours to 10 hours for the hot air temperature T2 to rise sufficiently. It may take time. However, once warming is performed, heating in the re-flamming mode after the next time can normally be raised or lowered in about one hour. Further, in the case of humid fuel, the amount of drain discharged from the heat exchanger may exceed 100 liters per day.

  In the steady mode, light hydrocarbon-centered gases are preferentially burned, and then the state is shifted to a state in which carbons that are carbides burn. The so-called burning mode in which the carbides seen in the middle of combustion, that is, the extinguisher-like black coal, is burned, and the smoke generation is reduced. Instead of abrupt transition from the steady mode to the bonfire mode, the time zone for the combustion process is substantially the steady mode 1/3, the transition mode 1/3, and the bonfire mode 1/3.

  In the bonfire mode, the carbon component is mainly burned and the hydrogen content is reduced, so that carbon dioxide gas is generated, but oxygen twice as much as the hydrogen component is required. The supply capacity of the combustion system requires an oxygen supply capacity that is approximately twice that of the steady mode, and in order to obtain a heat quantity equivalent to that of the steady combustion mode, the supply amount of the gas supply device 40 is greatly increased. It turned out that it can be solved by doubling or doubling.

  In the bonfire mode, there is little generation of hydrocarbons, so there is little generation of soot and smoke, but the concentration of carbon monoxide increases. However, it has been found that if the catalyst temperature is about 500 ° C. or higher, the ignition of the auxiliary burner is not necessarily required for purifying the exhaust gas. Moreover, since black charcoal burns, if a large amount of heat is generated, the temperature in the combustion furnace 20 becomes high, and surrounding dust and pitches are completely burned.

  When the supply of air into the combustion furnace 20 is stopped in the middle of bonfire combustion, a charcoal-like black coal is obtained. When producing black charcoal, it was found that carbonized charcoal and bamboo charcoal can be obtained by placing the fuel to be carbonized at the bottom of the combustion furnace 20, placing the fuel to be combusted on the top and burning it, and extinguishing the fire at an appropriate time.

  The operation of the combustion furnace 20 has various usages such as continuous operation and temporary suspension. When using 24-hour heating, such as in a dryer or cold district, when heating is used during the daytime, such as in factories, meetinghouses, offices, etc. It is necessary to pause the combustion depending on the application, such as when it is used, and to restart the combustion if necessary. In other words, it is required that the burning combustion furnace 20 is temporarily stopped according to the program to be put to sleep, and then burned again according to the program at a desired time.

  It is possible to shift to the dormant mode at the programmed time during the operation in the steady combustion mode or the open flame combustion mode, but in order to shift to the dormant mode, the electromagnetic valve for supply can be adjusted to 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to about 7%. In addition, by reducing the speed of the exhaust device 42 according to the air supply amount, the air supply amount is greatly reduced to preserve the seed fire in the burnt burnt wood pile or in the charcoal buried in wood ash. Can do. After the transition to the sleep mode, ignition of the burner is stopped, but the burner fan is driven to prevent contamination of the nozzle portion.

  Since the amount of the seed fire depends on the opening degree and the combustion state of the solenoid valve, it corresponds as necessary to adjust the rise time at the time of reburning. If the opening at the time of dormancy is low, the consumption of fuel during dormancy is small, but the rise time at the time of reburning may be long.

  In the reburning mode for returning from the dormant state to the combustion state, reheating is performed at the programmed time, and the heat output of the combustion furnace 20 can be increased. In the recombustion mode, a rapid increase in thermal power is required, but after the combustion operation, the fuel is dry and ignition and temperature rise are easy.

  Unlike batch operation, it is possible to use a reheating mode in which the combustion furnace 20 is continuously operated while adding fuel. If the exhaustion of fuel progresses and the amount of heat is insufficient, the hot air temperature T2 will not increase even if the air supply amount is increased to 100%. Therefore, after detecting the fuel shortage, the mode is changed to the reheating mode or the fire extinguishing mode. Become. After shifting to a refueling mode that extends the combustion time, refueling fuel can be added.

  The general combustion method is to add fuel continuously and continuously. However, a wood bulk fuel furnace has a feature that the additional amount, that is, the amount of fuel replenishment, can be set to about one day. The amount of refueling depends on the quality of the fuel used, but it is possible to grasp the daily amount from the fuel used. The reheating amount, generally 1/5 to 1/7 of the batch amount, is charged into the combustion furnace 20 from the small door 32 or the automatic charging port.

  It is important to grasp the combustion state in the combustion furnace 20 when retreating. In either the normal combustion mode with flames or smoke, or the bonfire combustion mode, overheating tends to occur if reheating fuel is added when the heating power in the combustion furnace 20 is high, so leave it in the sleep mode for about 30 minutes. It is necessary to set up a time program to replenish fuel after the thermal power has subsided. By automatically shifting to the normal mode after fuel injection, the fuel will burn at an appropriate rate.

  To stop the combustion furnace 20, in all combustion modes, the mode is switched to the fire extinguishing mode manually or at a programmed time, and the solenoid valve is sequentially reduced from the use state to 0%. After reducing the rotation speed to about 10 Hz, the fire in the combustion furnace 20 can be extinguished completely. Although it cannot be avoided with a boiler having a large heat capacity, it is required to cool 20 heated combustion furnaces in a short time.

  In the combustion apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the entire combustion furnace 20 can be cooled by the operation of the hot air blower 80. Therefore, the hot air blower 80 is driven at 50 Hz to 60 Hz for 2 hours to 4 hours, and more preferably. By driving for about 3 hours, it is possible to stop after the hot air temperature T2 becomes approximately 25 ° C. or less (when the outside air temperature is 10 ° C.).

  The control conditions and control method for each combustion mode in the combustion control described above can be realized by using an electronic control device for a factory automation system. The main electrical components for automatic control are equipped with a combustion control software program in a high-performance programmable controller, a serial communication unit that connects to operating equipment at high speed, and an analog output unit and temperature that must be properly used in the control equipment. Use the sensor unit. Moreover, the operation status of these control systems can be confirmed and the operation status can be displayed on the touch panel.

  Examples of characteristic points in this combustion control are listed below.

  (I) In order to suppress smoke generation that occurs with the opening and closing of the air supply solenoid valve that adjusts the combustion amount, the conditions for slowing down the opening and closing speed of the solenoid valve can be clarified and an appropriate opening and closing speed can be used. is there.

  The air volume or rotational speed of the exhaust device 42 that adjusts the amount of smoke exhausted and the warm air blower 80 that adjusts the amount of supplied heat correspond to each other by automatically adjusting the heat generation amount, the hot air temperature, and the air volume by inverter control. In the mixing damper 14, the outside air T1 and hot air T2 sucked by the electric switch are mixed to obtain hot air of the target hot air temperature T6.

  (Ii) The operation method capable of automatic operation and the control conditions in each combustion mode were clarified, and the method capable of automatic control was arranged. In the initial mode, the preheating of the flue by the combustion means (auxiliary burner or the like) in the second flue gas combustion unit 54, the ignition method of the furnace chamber fuel, the operating conditions and timing of the exhaust device 42 are clarified, and after the fuel ignition After closing the large door of the furnace chamber, the operating conditions of the exhaust device 42 leading to stabilization of the combustion state necessary for shifting to the steady mode will be clarified. In the steady mode, the combustion state in the furnace is greatly different due to the difference in fuel quality and the fuel ignition state in the initial mode, so by adjusting the combustion state to a constant state to enable automatic operation Allows you to move the control system automatically. For this purpose, the solenoid valve of the gas supply device 40 is preferably closed to 30% to 60%, more preferably 40% to 50%, and preferably 10 minutes to 60 minutes, and more preferably 30 minutes to By maintaining for 40 minutes, the combustion state due to the difference in fuel quality and (1) the difference in fuel ignition in the initial mode is adjusted.

  (Iii) After the adjustment of the initial combustion state, the exhaust device 42 is maintained at 40 Hz to 50 Hz, the furnace pressure is set to −10 Pa or less, preferably −500 to −50 Pa, more preferably −300 to −150 Pa. An automatic combustion control method is characterized in that the negative pressure in the furnace is maintained and combustion of the fuel is enabled at a low temperature, and the solenoid valve is automatically adjusted so that the generated hot air temperature T2 achieves a set value. . However, overcombustion that reaches the upper limit temperature of the furnace chamber temperature T3 due to primary combustion or the upper limit temperature T5 of the catalyst for quaternary combustion still occurs due to differences in fuel quality, the state of fuel incorporation in the furnace, or other factors. There is a case.

  In order to suppress excessive combustion, the opening degree of the solenoid valve is reduced at an appropriate opening / closing speed, but sudden opening / closing increases smoke generation, so gentle opening / closing is necessary, and it is good to be 1-10% per minute, More desirably, slow opening / closing at 4 to 6% is required. When suppression of excessive combustion does not proceed by opening and closing the supply valve, it has been found that it is effective to suppress combustion by increasing the furnace pressure. For this purpose, it has been found that excessive combustion can be effectively suppressed by reducing the rotational speed of the exhaust device 42 at 0.5 Hz per minute and setting the minimum value to about 10 Hz. Are used in parallel.

  In the bonfire mode, the combustion is mainly made of carbides and charcoal, so the combustion of hydrocarbons is small and the combustion of carbons is the main, so there is little smoke but a large amount of oxygen is required. The air volume had to be 1.5 to 2.5 times that of the steady mode. In addition, since the charcoal fire burns in the bonfire mode, the furnace temperature tends to increase, and the heat resistance of the furnace chamber is required. As a result, flue gas accumulated in the furnace chamber and flue and dirt on the pitches are completely burned and cleaned, and the bonfire mode enables combustion of coals that have the same combustion conditions as coal.

  In the dormant mode, it is better to adjust the air supply solenoid valve from 1% to 10% at the programmed time, preferably from 3% to about 7% to greatly reduce the air supply amount. It was found that it was possible to preserve the seed fire inside the burnt burnt wood pile or in a charcoal fire buried in wood ash. The fire could be maintained for as long as there was fuel, and could be re-burned at the desired time as needed.

  The reburn mode is a process in which the dormant mode is released and switched to the steady mode at a programmed time, and the fuel is reburned. If the amount of the seed fire is appropriate, the time required for reheating is 1 to 1. 2 hours.

  In the reheating mode, when the fuel consumption is advanced and the calorific value is reduced, a sufficient reheating fuel is supplied to maintain the heating capability. In order to operate the chasing mode safely, the control system is first switched to the sleep mode, and after 20 to 40 minutes have passed, preferably after about 30 minutes have passed, the thermal power has subsided, and from the small door 32 or automatically After adding additional fuel into the furnace from the inlet, it is switched to the reburning mode.

  As the amount of replenishment, the amount of fuel that can be input at one time needs to be limited in order to maintain stable combustion. In this case, the fire type is at the bottom of the replenished fuel that has been added, and it is necessary to keep the amount of combustion for 10 hours or less than one day in order to avoid burning a large amount of fuel at one time. it can.

  The fire-extinguishing mode is used in all combustion modes, either manually or at a programmed time, to close the solenoid valve from use to 0% and further reduce the speed of the exhaust system 42 to about 10 Hz to reduce the fire in the furnace. Can be completely erased. However, in order to promote the cooling of the heated furnace body, the hot air blower 80 is preferably driven at 50 Hz to 60 Hz for 2 hours to 4 hours, and more preferably after about 3 hours of driving, the temperature of the furnace body is lowered. Stop.

(Iv) In the combustion smoke of wood fuel, hydrocarbons, carbon-based soot, carbon monoxide, pitches, dioxins, other acidic gases, odors, etc. coexist with high-temperature steam. It is necessary to oxidize these smoke components and convert them into carbon dioxide gas CO ₂ and water vapor H ₂ O. To that end, we can search for heat-resistant catalyst materials that can strongly oxidize flue gas, pay attention to CaO-based and MgO-based mixed metal oxides, which are strongly basic alkaline earths, and achieve their effects. I understood it.

  (V) In the combustion furnace 20 that burns solid fuel such as a wood-based bulk, a method of operating or using the characteristics is provided. A batch-type operation method in which a large amount of fuel is put into the combustion furnace 20 at a time, and after the fuel is consumed, the large door of the furnace chamber is opened and new fuel is injected to restart the combustion operation. If there is a shortage of fuel due to fuel consumption on the way, about 1 day of fuel is injected from the inlet or automatic inlet, and the combustion operation is performed in the reheating mode, and the next day is newly input and the combustion operation is repeated. It is possible to use a method using a reheating method, and the wood ash accumulated in the furnace bottom can be removed after a long period of use and can be used continuously.

4). Effect (i) Gas fuel such as natural gas, city gas, propane, etc., liquid fuel such as gasoline, light oil, heavy oil, biomass, coal, etc. It is not easy to clean the flue gas by combustion. In recent years, pellet boilers and chip boilers are being used as woody biomass boilers, but the amount of dust generation and dioxin countermeasures are insufficient.

  According to the present embodiment, clean smoke emission can be obtained by the low-temperature combustion method and smoke purification method of solid fuel. According to this embodiment, the amount of dust is about 1/50 that of a typical pellet boiler, and can greatly contribute to measures against PM2.5. In biomass combustion, the occurrence of dioxins can often not be ignored, but in this embodiment, the generation of dioxins can be suppressed.

  (Ii) According to this embodiment, naturally dried logs can be burned. For this reason, the energy to process in order to burn a fuel is not required. On the other hand, in the case of pellets, considerable energy is required from the log to the pellet.

  (Iii) According to the present embodiment, when the fuel is wood fuel, it can be burned if the water content is 40% or less, preferably 30% or less. In addition, even a tree having a high moisture content just cut can be burned if used as part of the fuel. Generally, it is said that the moisture content of firewood in firewood boilers is about 20%, and pellets are about 10%.

  (Iv) According to the present embodiment, the water vapor in the flue gas is condensed and the heat of condensation generated by the condensation is used, so that the combustion efficiency can be made 90% or more.

  (V) Generally, there is an exhaust fan that exhausts smoke from the combustion furnace 20, but there is no idea of using the exhaust fan to control the pressure in the combustion furnace 20 to a negative pressure and using a low combustion temperature. .

  In the combustion apparatus 100 that burns pellets and soot, there is an idea of controlling combustion by entering air, but there is no idea of gradually burning. According to the present embodiment, combustion control can be performed so that the solid fuel can be burned gradually.

  (Vi) Since no platinum-based catalyst is used, high heat can be generated in the catalyst portion. A platinum-based catalyst is difficult to use for a long time at 300 ° C. or higher because platinum is oxidized or vaporized at 300 ° C. or higher. However, according to the present embodiment, since it is a metal oxide ceramic catalyst, it can be easily used over a long period of time even at 400 to 1000 ° C.

  (Vii) According to the present embodiment, the incompletely combusted smoke generated in the combustion furnace 20 can be surely completely burned in the duct, and dust can be reduced. In addition, problems such as backfire due to incomplete combustion hardly occur. For this reason, it was not recognized that an explosion-proof valve was required.

(Viii) This embodiment applies an automatic combustion control method that can be used by anyone to a furnace capable of burning wood-based bulk fuel and carbide fuel in the most inexpensive state and using the boiler with high thermal efficiency. be able to. This facilitates the use of a clean combustion system that can suppress the generation of soot and dioxins, and has the advantage that it can be easily operated using a batch or reheating system, using fossil fuels. It is expected to be used as a heat energy source to replace oil-based fuel boilers and gas fuel boilers.

  Since the cheapest wood-based bulk fuel can be used effectively, the supply and demand of wood-based fuel becomes active, contributing to forest management / regeneration and promotion of employment, reducing air pollution caused by flue gas, and purifying the environment Green energy can contribute to the prevention of global warming. Further, the boiler can be expected to be used in a wide range of fields such as factories, dryers, facility horticulture, animal husbandry, and heating of assembly facilities.

  (Ix) According to the present embodiment, anyone uses the combustion furnace 20 that can burn the wood-based bulk fuel, which is a solid fuel, and fuel including carbide and coal with high thermal efficiency by the most inexpensive method. Has the effect of being able to. All woody bulk fuels can be used effectively, contributing to environmental purification and the prevention of global warming as green energy. In addition, fuel supply and demand is activated and forest resources are managed and employment is promoted. Is also suitable.

5. Gas Heating Device The gas heating device 200 can be realized by using the solid fuel combustion device 100 according to the embodiment. For example, outside air is taken in from the first opening 12 communicating with the hot air passage in a part of the ceiling center of the casing, or circulating air is used as the outer wall of the combustion furnace 20, the heat exchanger 60, and the outer wall of the reaction duct 50. Heat can be generated through heat exchange. A passage is provided so that the hot air can be sucked into the hot air blower 80, and in order to set the temperature of the hot air sucked into the hot air blower 80 to a predetermined hot air temperature, a part of the housing 10 communicates with the hot air passage. A predetermined hot air temperature can be obtained by a mixing mechanism that takes in outside air by opening and closing the two openings 14. Thereby, it can comprise so that the warm air of predetermined temperature can be discharged | emitted from the warm air blower 80. FIG. Note that guide plates (not shown) are provided on both sides between the casing 10 and the combustion furnace 20 so that the air contacts the reaction duct 50 when air is taken in from the first opening 12. Can be provided.

  The gas heating device 200 includes a gas supply device 40 and an exhaust device 42 that adjust the internal pressure of the combustion furnace 20 and the flue gas flow velocity in the flue, a mixing damper 14 that adjusts the temperature of hot air by taking in outside air, and a supply amount of hot air A warm air blower (such as a warm air fan) 80 to be adjusted is used. The hot air blower 80 can be inverter-controlled. The mixing damper 14 can use an electric switch or a fan for taking in low temperature outside air.

  More specifically, in the gas heating apparatus 200, for example, the outside air sucked from above the combustion furnace 20 can be divided into two by a damper provided between the furnace ceiling and the furnace top outer wall. A part of the outside air is heated via the outer peripheral part of the combustion furnace 20 and the heat exchanger 60 to become hot air, and the other part is heated by exchanging heat with the outer peripheral part of the reaction duct 50 to become hot air. The hot air is mixed with the outside air from the outside air intake damper 14 to become warm air at an appropriate temperature, and is sent out by the hot air blower 80.

  This gas heating device 200 is a combustion system suitable for environmental measures, such as primary combustion in which fuel is burned at a low temperature in a negative pressure furnace chamber, secondary combustion for purifying flue gas, tertiary combustion with auxiliary fuel, and A clean combustion system is obtained through quaternary combustion using a strong oxidation catalyst.

6). Liquid Heating Device The solid fuel combustion device 100 according to the present embodiment can also be applied to the liquid heating device 300. A liquid (such as water) is taken from the first opening 12 of the casing 10 and the like, and the liquid is circulated in the housing 10 so that the outer wall of the combustion furnace 20, the heat exchanger 60, the outer wall of the reaction duct 50, and the like The liquid can be heated by heat exchange. The liquid can be introduced into the housing 10 through the conduit, but the first opening 12 and an inlet for entering the conduit into the housing 10 are provided on the upper surface or the side surface of the housing 10. Also good. The heated liquid may be discharged to the outside with a pump or the like, and the heated liquid may be used for any purpose, or may be radiated by a heat radiating unit and used to heat any object such as a heat medium. .

  As a specific example, as shown in FIG. 6, a tank 310 is provided on the combustion furnace 20, and the heat of the combustion furnace can directly heat the liquid in the tank, and further, smoke is exhausted in the tank 310. A heat exchanger 60 passing therethrough can be provided, and the heat of the smoke can be heated by the heat exchanger 60 as a liquid heat medium. A cistern 320 can be connected to the tank 310. When the temperature of the water increases and the pressure of the liquid in the tank 310 increases, the liquid moves to the cistern 320 until the pressure in the tank 310 reaches normal pressure. When the pressure of the liquid is lower than the normal pressure, the liquid returns from the cistern 320 to the tank 310 and is supplied until the water in the tank 310 reaches the normal pressure. Further, as necessary, the heated liquid may be discharged from the tank 310 or the liquid may be supplied to the hot water storage tank.

7). Power Generation System A power generation system 400 using the solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the power generation system 400, the flue gas flue is configured so that the heat exchanger 60 passes through the evaporator 410. A liquid heat medium (for example, water) is stored in the evaporator 410. The heat of the smoke is transferred to the liquid heat medium by the heat exchanger 60. The evaporator 410 can be provided on the combustion furnace 20, for example. Thereby, the heat of the combustion furnace 20 can be transferred to the liquid heat medium in the evaporator 410 through the upper surface of the combustion furnace 20.

  As the heat of the smoke moves from the heat exchanger 60 to the liquid heat medium, the liquid heat medium evaporates. The gaseous heat medium can be supplied to an expander 420 serving as a turbine, and the energy of the gaseous heat medium can be converted into rotational energy by the expander 420 and can be generated by the generator 430. The heat medium discharged from the expander 420 is condensed into a liquid in the condenser 440, and the condensed liquid heat medium returns to the evaporator 60. As the expander 420, for example, a semi-sealed screw turbine type generator in which a screw turbine and a generator are integrated in a single shaft can be used.

8). Cooling System A cooling system 500 using the solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the cooling system 500, the flue gas flue is configured so that the heat exchanger 60 passes through the regenerator 510. In the regenerator 510, a liquid heat medium (for example, water) is stored. The heat of the smoke can be transferred to a liquid heat medium by the heat exchanger 60. The regenerator 510 can be provided on the combustion furnace 20, for example. Thereby, the heat of the combustion furnace 20 can be transferred to the liquid in the regenerator 510 through the upper surface of the combustion furnace 20.

  In the regenerator 510, the first heat medium (for example, water) exists in a state of being taken into a solution that absorbs the first heat medium (for example, an aqueous lithium bromide solution). The heat exchange element 60 transfers the heat of the flue gas to the first heat medium (for example, water), and the first heat medium evaporates. The first heat medium is condensed in the condenser 520. The condensed first heat medium is supplied to the decompressed evaporator 530 and is evaporated by the evaporator 530. At that time, the first heat medium absorbs evaporation heat from the second heat medium circulating between the first heat medium and the indoor unit in the heat exchanger. The cooled second heat medium is supplied to the indoor unit 540. The first heat medium is absorbed by the solution that absorbs the first heat medium in the absorber 550. The solution that absorbs the second heat medium returns to the regenerator 510 by a pump or the like.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below.

Two types of combustion device A and combustion device B were manufactured as the solid fuel combustion device according to this example, and the automatic combustion control function was verified.
The important elements in the combustion control are the combustion furnace body structure, the combustion function, and the control function, which are the size of the combustion furnace shown in Table 2, the capabilities of the gas supply device and the exhaust device, and the hot air blower.

The size of the combustion furnace is an important factor depending on the application because it directly limits the amount of fuel that can be fed in batch mode. Fuel is injected into a combustion furnace of 2 m ^{3 in} the combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus A and 4 m ^{3 in} the combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus B. The amount of fuel that can be input varies greatly depending on the shape of the fuel. Even if large and small logs are introduced so as to reduce the gap, A is at most 1 t, and B is about 2 t.

  When these fuels are burned in one week, consumption is 140 kg or 280 kg per day, respectively. The calorific value of these fuels is greatly different between the lower calorific value, which reduces the amount of heat that heats and evaporates the water corresponding to the moisture content, and the higher calorific value, which is obtained from dry, completely dry fuel. The high calorific value of any of the South Sea woods is the same and is 5,000 kcal / kg. Therefore, the combustion apparatuses A and B generate heat energy of 790 kWh and 1580 kWh per day, respectively. Although it is difficult to grasp the calorific value specifically, if the combustion operation of the combustion furnace is 10 hours per day, the calorific value per hour corresponds to 79 kWh / h or 158 kWh / h.

  Combustion, that is, the amount of heat generated, is closely related to the amount of air generated by the gas supply device, and the air blowing capacity depends on the structure and performance of the fan. It can be said that it is proportional to the magnitude of electric power. Table 2 shows power consumption as a method for briefly indicating the functions of the fans.

In the combustion furnace, smoke is generated by incomplete combustion due to primary combustion, and unburned components are further combusted by secondary combustion, but combustion is further promoted by an auxiliary burner. A kind of fossil fuel kerosene or gas can be used for the auxiliary burner. An electric heater can be used as a simple method, but kerosene can be used as a result of cost effectiveness. Although a 1.5 L burner was used as the kerosene usage fee per hour, the calorific value is equivalent to 15.3 kWh / h. Accordingly, the calorific value of the combustion furnace becomes the sum of the calorific value of the wood fuel and the calorific value of the burner. Therefore, in the combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus A and the combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus B, 18.8% and 10. 4% is burner heat.
In this example, the combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus A and the combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus B are used, and as described in the above embodiment, (1) the initial mode in which the fuel needs to be ignited; Steady mode that burns with flame, (3) Bonfire mode in which carbide of combustion residue burns, (4) Dormant mode in which combustion is stopped and fire types are retained in burnt pile or wood ash, (5) Combustion state from dormant state (6) Refueling mode in which fuel is added to the combustion furnace to extend the combustion time, and (7) Fire extinguishing mode to extinguish the fire. This could be realized using electronic control equipment for the system.

  In other words, based on the set value for the thermometer output suitable for each mode, the air supply amount is adjusted by the solenoid valve of the gas supply device, and the combustion furnace pressure and flue flow rate are adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the exhaust device. Then, by adjusting the opening of the mixing damper and adjusting the amount of hot air supplied by the hot air blower, an automatic combustion operation of a combustion furnace for solid fuel such as a wood-based bulk was performed.

  The main electrical components for automatic control are equipped with a control software program for each combustion mode in the programmable controller PLC, a serial communication unit that connects to operating equipment at high speed, and an analog output unit that needs to be properly used in the control equipment. A temperature sensor unit or the like was used. For operation of these control systems, the operation status was confirmed and the operation status was displayed on the touch panel.

  The programmable control unit PLC can be connected to a PC using FA communication software, which facilitates data processing, data display, and communication connection with the web on the PC. In addition, it has been possible to modify control programs and send alarms through communication connections.

  A smoke emission analysis of the smoke discharged from the chimney of the test facility of the gas heating device was performed, and the analysis results shown in Table 3 were obtained.

  From the results of smoke emission analysis, it was shown that the average temperature of the exhaust gas was 70 ° C., and the generation amount of dust and dioxins was 1/10 or less compared to the emission standard amount.

In a standard woody biomass boiler (combustion furnace of the combustion apparatus B in Table 2), 2 tons of soot fuel is consumed per batch, and an average amount of heat of 9.6 million kcal / batch is generated. In terms of oil fuel, this corresponds to a heat amount of 1056 liters. When 4 consumes fuel batches in January, the boiler can replace petroleum fuels 4.2 m ³ per month. In addition, since the oil calorific value for auxiliary fuel is 10% or less, 90% or more of petroleum thermal energy can be replaced with wood bulk fuel by the hot air generator according to the present invention.

  The cost of building scraps, sawmill mills, thinned wood, agricultural waste, building waste, charcoal, carbide, coal, etc. used as woody biomass fuel is expected to vary greatly depending on the quality and supply status, but the average ¥ 5 / kg. Oil fuels such as light oil, heavy oil A, waste oil, bio-based oil are wide in cost, but are expected to be ¥ 50-100 / kg / liter in the future, so the fuel cost will be compressed to 5% -10% of the oil system This is a prospect and the economic effect will be much higher.

  The woody biomass boiler is a circulation type carbon dioxide zero emission system. When fossil fuel and its equipment are substituted, the amount of greenhouse gas emitted is reduced by 90% or more in consideration of the amount of fossil fuel as auxiliary fuel. I can do it. This greenhouse gas emission right can be further used to reduce fuel costs, and the fuel efficiency of the wood-based bulk fuel boiler according to the present invention will be kept as low as possible in the future.

  The present embodiment can be variously modified within the scope of the present invention. For example, the basic structure of the combustion furnace, such as the shape of the combustion furnace, the main fuel, the arrangement of smoke roads and hot air paths, or the packing structure of the doors can be selected as appropriate. In the above embodiment, an example of burning a wood-based bulk combustible material has been described. However, the present embodiment can also be applied to combustion of other solid fuels.

  The present invention can be widely applied as a combustion apparatus for solid fuel such as wood, carbide, or bio-based bulk combustible material.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Housing | casing 12 1st opening part 14 2nd opening part 16 Fuel addition port 20 Combustion furnace 22 Fuel supply port 24 Outlet 26 Internal flue 28 Partition plate 30 Open / close door 32 Small door 34 Handle 36 Sealing member 38 Hinge 40 gas supply device 42 exhaust device 44 exhaust port 46 control device 50 reaction duct 52 first smoke combustion unit 54 second smoke combustion unit 56 third smoke combustion unit 60 heat exchanger 62 fin 70 oxygen supply path 72 Conduction hole 74 Front end of oxygen supply path 80 Hot air blower 100 Combustion device 200 Gas heating device 300 Liquid heating device 310 Tank 320 Sistern 330 Heat radiation part 400 Power generation system 410 Evaporator 420 Expander 430 Generator 440 Condenser 500 Cooling system 510 Regenerator 520 Condenser 530 Evaporator 540 Indoor unit 550 Absorber

Claims (8)

A combustion furnace for burning solid fuel;
An exhaust device for exhausting the smoke exhausted from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace;
A control unit for controlling the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace to a negative pressure of -10 Pa or less in the exhaust device when the solid fuel is burned in the combustion furnace,
The controller controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace to a negative pressure in order to control the combustion amount of the combustion furnace . In claim 1,
When the solid fuel is burned in the combustion furnace, the controller controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace to a negative pressure within a range of −50 to −500 Pa by the exhaust device. apparatus. In claim 1 or 2,
Including an exhaust passage for exhausting the flue gas provided between the exhaust port of the combustion furnace and the exhaust device;
A combustion apparatus for solid fuel, wherein a catalyst unit for promoting oxidation of smoke components is provided in the exhaust passage .   The gas heating apparatus which heats gas with the heat which generate | occur | produced in the combustion apparatus of the solid fuel in any one of Claims 1-3.   The liquid heating apparatus which heats a liquid with the heat which generate | occur | produced with the combustion apparatus of the solid fuel in any one of Claims 1-3. When the control unit is burning the solid fuel by the exhaust device for exhausting the smoke discharged from the exhaust port of the combustion furnace for burning the solid fuel, the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace is − Control to 10 Pa or less, burn the solid fuel,
The reason why the control unit controls the furnace pressure of the combustion furnace to a negative pressure is to control the combustion amount of the combustion furnace, which is a solid fuel combustion method.   An evaporator for evaporating a liquid heat medium into a gas using heat generated by the solid fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and rotational movement of gas energy generated in the evaporator And a turbine for converting into a power generation system. An evaporator for evaporating a liquid heat medium into a gas using heat generated by the solid fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and a condenser for condensing the gas generated in the evaporator And an evaporator for evaporating the heat medium condensed in the condenser and absorbing heat energy from the refrigerant.

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