JP5661256B2 - 酸化触媒 - Google Patents
酸化触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5661256B2 JP5661256B2 JP2009153268A JP2009153268A JP5661256B2 JP 5661256 B2 JP5661256 B2 JP 5661256B2 JP 2009153268 A JP2009153268 A JP 2009153268A JP 2009153268 A JP2009153268 A JP 2009153268A JP 5661256 B2 JP5661256 B2 JP 5661256B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- -1 In the mixed oxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CZSABVBCTRZESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].OS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].OS(O)(=O)=O CZSABVBCTRZESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010169 TiCr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Description
Ce 0.1〜0.5、有利には0.2〜0.5であり、
Ti 0.2〜0.8、有利には0.3〜0.7であり、
Cr 0.1〜0.5、有利には0.2〜0.5であり、
その際、混合酸化物は場合により、その金属が、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Ga、In、Sn、原子番号79までを含む遷移元素(TcおよびCdを除く)、ランタニド(Pmを除く)からなる群から選択されている別の金属酸化物を含有しており、その際、別の金属の原子割合は合計して0〜0.2であり、有利には0〜0.1である。
Ce 0.1〜0.5、有利には0.2〜0.4、
Ti 0.2〜0.8、有利には0.3〜0.7、
Cr 0.1〜0.5、有利には0.2〜0.4
である場合に、従来使用されていた貴金属を節約し、その際、混合酸化物は場合により、その金属が、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Ga、In、Sn、原子番号79までを含む遷移元素(TcおよびCdを除く)、ランタニド(Pmを除く)からなる群から選択される別の金属酸化物を含有しており、その際、別の金属の原子割合は0〜0.2である。
20:50:30の比のCe−Ti−Cr−酸化物
硝酸Cr(III) 230.9gを、脱塩水300ml中に溶解した(pH=0.94)。硝酸Ce溶液(Ce19.5%)102.4gおよび酸化チタン硫酸溶液521.6gを秤量し、酸化チタン硫酸溶液を硝酸Cr溶液に添加した。引き続き、硝酸Ce溶液を添加した。12.5%のNH3溶液600mlを容器に装入し、かつCeTiCr溶液を徐々にNH3溶液に滴下した。添加の間、追加のNH3溶液によりpH値を>7に維持した。析出したCeTiCr酸化物を濾過し、かつ硫酸塩不含になるまで洗浄した。得られた粉末を110℃で乾燥させ、かつ500℃で4時間熱処理した。引き続き、粉末を粉砕して被覆可能なウォッシュコートスラリーを形成した。触媒活性の試験のために、金属ハニカム構造体を200g/lの被覆量で被覆し、かつ合成ガス装置中で試験した。
Al2O3 40%および20:50:30の比のCeTiCr酸化物60%の比でのAl2O3−Ce−Ti−Cr酸化物
例1に相応して、硝酸Ce溶液、酸化チタン硫酸溶液および硝酸Cr(III)溶液からなる沈殿反応試薬を製造した。市販のγ−Al2O3を水中に懸濁させ、かつNH3溶液でpH8〜9に調整した。次いでCe−Ti−Cr溶液をpH値制御下(>7)で徐々に滴加した。Al2O3上に析出したCe−Ti−Cr−酸化物を濾過し、硫酸塩不含になるまで洗浄し、乾燥させ、かつ熱処理した。引き続き粉末を粉砕して被覆可能なウォッシュコートスラリーを形成した。触媒活性を試験するために、金属ハニカム構造体を200g/lの被覆量で被覆し、かつ合成ガス装置中で試験した。
Al2O3 40%と、20:50:30の比のCeTiCr酸化物60%との比率でのPd0.018g/lを含有するAl2O3−Ce−Ti−Cr酸化物
例1に相応して、硝酸Ce溶液、酸化チタン硫酸溶液および硝酸Cr(III)溶液から沈殿反応試薬を製造した。市販のγ−Al2O3を水中に懸濁させ、かつNH3溶液でpH8〜9に調整した。次いでCe−Ti−Cr溶液をpH値制御下(>7)で、徐々に滴加した。Al2O3上に析出したCe−Ti−Cr−酸化物を濾過し、硫酸塩不含になるまで洗浄し、乾燥させ、かつ熱処理した。引き続き粉末を粉砕して被覆可能なウォッシュコートスラリーを形成した。pH値4で、ウォッシュコート懸濁液の固体含有率に相応して硝酸Pd溶液を滴加して、Pd0.018g/l(0.5g/ft3)の貴金属使用量が生じた。触媒活性の試験のために、金属ハニカム構造体を、200g/lの被覆量で被覆し、かつ合成ガス装置中で試験した。
Claims (13)
- 一酸化炭素に対して選択的に炭化水素を酸化するための触媒において、触媒が、金属のセリウム、チタンおよびクロムをベースとする混合酸化物であり、
前記混合酸化物中に、セリウム:チタン:クロムが、2:5:3の質量比で存在しており、その許容差は20%以内である、
ことを特徴とする、一酸化炭素に対して選択的に炭化水素を酸化するための触媒。 - 前記混合酸化物が、成形体上の被覆として固定されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の触媒。
- 前記混合酸化物に、貴金属0.5質量%未満がドープされていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の触媒。
- 排ガスの浄化法において、金属のセリウム、チタンおよびクロムをベースとする混合酸化物を触媒として用いて酸化可能な排ガス成分を酸化し、
前記混合酸化物中に、セリウム:チタン:クロムが、2:5:3の質量比で存在しており、その許容差は20%以内である、
ことを特徴とする、排ガスを浄化する方法。 - 一酸化炭素または窒素酸化物に対して炭化水素を優先的に酸化することを特徴とする、請求項4記載の方法。
- 燃焼機関のための酸化触媒の製造方法において、酸化セリウム、酸化チタン、酸化クロムおよび場合により、その金属がMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Ga、In、Sn、原子番号79までを含む遷移元素(TcおよびCdを除く)、ランタニド(Pmを除く)からなる群から選択されている別の金属酸化物からなる混合酸化物を、金属製または酸化物製または炭化物製の高温安定性成形体または酸化物セラミック上に固定し、その際、酸化物セラミックは成形体上に固定され、
前記混合酸化物中に、セリウム:チタン:クロムが、2:5:3の質量比で存在しており、その許容差は20%以内である、
ことを特徴とする、燃焼機関のための酸化触媒の製造方法。 - 前記成形体が、ワイヤメッシュまたはハニカム構造体であることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の酸化触媒の製造方法。
- 混合酸化物がその上に固定されている酸化物セラミックがウォッシュコートであることを特徴とする、請求項6または7記載の酸化触媒の製造方法。
- 燃焼室と、該燃焼室に接続している排ガス管または排ガス返送管とを有する装置において、該装置中に、酸化セリウム、酸化チタンおよび酸化クロムをベースとする混合酸化物が、酸化触媒として固定されており、
前記混合酸化物中に、セリウム:チタン:クロムが、2:5:3の質量比で存在しており、その許容差は20%以内である、
ことを特徴とする、燃焼室と、該燃焼室に接続している排ガス管または排ガス返送管とを有する装置。 - 混合酸化物に、Pd0.001〜0.1質量%がドープされていることを特徴とする、請求項9記載の装置。
- 一酸化炭素に対して炭化水素を優先的に酸化するための、300〜1000℃の温度を有する小出力エンジンの排ガスにおける炭化水素を選択的に酸化するための非貴金属触媒において、触媒が、金属のセリウム、チタンおよびクロムをベースとする混合酸化物触媒であり、
前記混合酸化物中に、セリウム:チタン:クロムが、2:5:3の質量比で存在しており、その許容差は20%以内である、
ことを特徴とする、小出力エンジンの排ガスにおける炭化水素を選択的に酸化するための非貴金属触媒。 - 燃焼室または排ガス管または排ガス返送管中の酸化触媒としての、酸化セリウム、酸化チタンおよび酸化クロムをベースとする混合酸化物の使用であって、前記混合酸化物中に、セリウム:チタン:クロムが、2:5:3の質量比で存在しており、その許容差は20%以内である、前記使用。
- 混合酸化物を、炭化水素の酸化のために使用することを特徴とする、請求項12記載の混合酸化物の使用。
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