JP5642476B2 - Image processing apparatus, program, and X-ray CT apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and program for adjusting the image quality of a subject image, and an X-ray CT (Computed).
Tomography).

  In image diagnosis using a subject image obtained by X-ray CT imaging or the like, the image quality suitable for observation may differ depending on the substance or tissue to be observed.

  In view of this, there has been proposed an image diagnostic apparatus that discriminates substances in a subject image based on pixel values and optimizes the image quality of each substance (see Patent Document 1, paragraphs 34 to 40, etc.).

  According to this apparatus, a plurality of different substances can be represented with a desired image quality on one subject image. Thereby, a plurality of substances and tissues can be simultaneously observed with suitable image quality, and the diagnostic efficiency can be improved.

JP 2006-34785 A

  By the way, there is a case where it is desired to adjust the image quality according to the fineness of the structure even for the same kind of substance or tissue having the same pixel value. For example, even in the same bone part, in the inner ear bone part having a fine structure, priority is given to the high spatial resolution so that details of the structure can be observed, while in the skull bone part having a structure with little change, There may be a case where priority is given to low granular noise so as not to obstruct observation in natural description.

  However, since the image diagnostic apparatus changes the image quality based on the pixel value, the image quality cannot be optimized based on the fineness of the structure.

  Under such circumstances, an image processing apparatus capable of optimizing the image quality according to the fine structure in each local region in the subject image, a program therefor, and an X-ray CT apparatus are desired.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first calculation unit that selects one pixel in a subject image as a target pixel and calculates a variation degree of a pixel value in a local region including the target pixel; A corresponding image quality is selected from a plurality of images representing the same subject as the subject image and having different image quality, and the pixel value of the pixel corresponding to the target pixel in the selected image is used. In addition, an image processing apparatus including an adjusting unit that adjusts a pixel value of the target pixel is provided.

  The invention according to a second aspect provides the image processing apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the variation degree of the pixel value is a dispersion of pixel values in the local region, a standard deviation, or a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value. To do.

  According to a third aspect of the invention, the adjustment unit selects an image with higher frequency component as the degree of variation of the pixel value is larger as an image having an image quality corresponding to the degree of variation of the pixel value, The image processing apparatus according to the first aspect or the second aspect is provided that selects an image in which a high-frequency component is further suppressed as the degree of variation in pixel value is smaller.

  The invention of the fourth aspect further comprises second calculation means for calculating a representative value of the pixel value in the local region, and the adjustment means is a representative value of the pixel value calculated by the second calculation means. Based on the above, the degree of variation in the pixel value and the correspondence relationship between the image to be selected as an image having an image quality corresponding to the degree of variation are adjusted according to any one of the first to third aspects. An image processing apparatus is provided.

  The invention according to a fifth aspect provides the image processing device according to the fourth aspect, wherein the representative value of the pixel values is an intermediate value, a median value, or an average value of the pixel values.

  The invention according to a sixth aspect provides the image processing apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the subject image is an image obtained by X-ray CT imaging.

  According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in the sixth aspect, the plurality of images are images obtained by superimposing a plurality of different reconstruction functions on the X-ray projection data (data) of the subject, respectively, and backprojecting the images. An image processing apparatus according to the above aspect is provided.

  In an eighth aspect of the invention, the plurality of images are obtained by applying an image filter to an image obtained by superimposing a predetermined reconstruction function on the X-ray projection data of the subject and backprojecting the image. An image processing apparatus according to the sixth aspect is provided.

  The invention of the ninth aspect provides a program for causing a computer to function as the image processing apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth aspects.

  A tenth aspect of the invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus having the image processing apparatus according to any one of the sixth to eighth aspects.

  According to the above aspect of the invention, the image quality can be adjusted according to the degree of variation in pixel values in each local area in the subject image, and the image quality is appropriate according to the fineness of the structure in each local area in the subject image. Can be

It is a block diagram which shows the X-ray CT apparatus concerning this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the flow of the process in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the attention pixel selected on the tomogram. It is a figure which shows an example of the local area | region set on the tomogram. It is a graph which shows the relationship between CT value variation degree and the weighting coefficient for every reconstruction function. It is a figure which shows the change with respect to the magnitude | size of CT value representative value of each threshold value which switches a reconstruction function in the graph which shows the relationship between CT value dispersion | variation degree and the weighting coefficient for every reconstruction function. It is a figure which shows an example of the tomographic image in which the image quality was optimized according to the CT value variation degree.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the X-ray CT apparatus according to the present embodiment. The X-ray CT apparatus 100 includes an operation console 1, an imaging table 10, and a scanning gantry 20.

  The operation console 1 includes an input device 2 that receives input from an operator, a central processing unit 3 that executes image reconstruction processing, a data collection buffer (buffer) 5 that collects projection data acquired by the scanning gantry 20, A monitor 6 for displaying a CT image reconstructed from projection data and a storage device 7 for storing programs, data, CT images, and the like are provided.

  The imaging table 10 includes a cradle 12 on which a subject is placed and carried into and out of the bore (cavity) of the scanning gantry 20. The cradle 12 is moved up and down and moved linearly by a motor built in the imaging table 10.

  The scanning gantry 20 includes an X-ray tube 21, an X-ray controller 22, a collimator 23, an X-ray detector 24, a data acquisition unit DAS (Data Acquisition System) 25, and an X-ray around the body axis of the subject. A rotation unit controller 26 that rotates the tube 21 and the like, and a control controller 29 that exchanges control signals and the like with the operation console 1 and the imaging table 10 are provided.

  The configuration of the X-ray CT apparatus in this embodiment is generally as described above. In the X-ray CT apparatus having this configuration, the collection of projection data is performed as follows, for example.

  First, the position in the z-axis direction is fixed in a state where the subject is positioned in the cavity of the rotating unit 15 of the scanning gantry 20, and the subject is irradiated with the X-ray beam from the X-ray tube 21 (projection of X-rays). ), And the transmitted X-ray is detected by the X-ray detector 24. Then, the transmission X-rays are detected by rotating the X-ray tube 21 and the X-ray detector 24 around the subject, that is, while changing the projection angle (view angle), a plurality of N (for example, , N = 1,000), and data is collected for 360 degrees.

Each detected transmission X-ray is converted into a digital value by the DAS 25 and transferred to the operation console 1 through the data collection buffer 5 as projection data. This operation is called one scan. Then, the scan position is sequentially moved by a predetermined amount in the z-axis direction, and the next scan is performed. Such scanning methods are conventional scanning (conventional scanning).
scan) method or axial scan method. However, the imaging table 10 is moved at a predetermined speed in synchronization with the change in the projection angle, and the scan position is moved (the X-ray tube 21 and the X-ray detector 24 spiral around the subject). A method of collecting projection data, a so-called helical scan
Scan) method. The present invention can be applied to both the conventional scan method and the helical scan method.

The operation console 1 stores the projection data transferred from the scanning gantry 20 in a fixed disk HDD of the central processing unit 3 and performs, for example, a predetermined reconstruction function and a superimposition operation, and performs a tomography by back projection processing. Reconstruct the image. Here, the operation console 1 receives real time (real) from the projection data sequentially transferred from the scanning gantry 20 during the scanning process.
It is possible to reconstruct a tomogram at time) and always display the latest tomogram on the monitor 6. Furthermore, it is possible to call up the projection data stored in the fixed disk HDD and to perform image reconstruction again.

  Hereinafter, the processing content of the operation console 1 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the explanatory diagram of FIG.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the flow of processing of the operation console 1 in the present embodiment. A program corresponding to this flowchart is included in an image processing program installed in a storage device 7 such as a hard disk HDD, and is executed by the central processing unit 3.

In step S1, the projection data of the subject is slip-slipped by the data acquisition system of the scanning gantry 20, the X-ray tube 21, the X detector 24, and the DAS 25.
ring) 30 to collect.

  In step S2, predetermined preprocessing such as logarithmic conversion, beam hardening correction, and X-ray detector sensitivity correction is performed on the collected projection data.

  In step S3, a plurality of reconstruction functions, for example, three different reconstruction functions FA, FB, and FC are superimposed on the preprocessed projection data. In this embodiment, as the reconstruction functions FA, FB, and FC, for example, the image is smoothed, that is, the reconstruction function FA that suppresses high-frequency components and reduces granular noise, and the image is sharpened, that is, high-frequency. A reconstruction function FB for emphasizing components and increasing the spatial resolution and a reconstruction function FC intermediate between them are prepared. As a result, three projection data superimposed with the three reconstruction functions FA, FB, and FC are obtained.

  In step S4, the projection data superimposed by the three reconstruction functions FA, FB, and FC are back-projected separately. Thereby, three tomographic images having different image quality are reconstructed.

  In step S5, the target pixel AP is selected on the tomographic image on the basis of any one of the tomographic images reconstructed by the back projection process. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the tomographic image GC by the reconstruction function FC is used as a reference, and the target pixel AP is selected on the tomographic image GC. Note that the reference tomographic image is an example of the subject image in the invention.

  In step S6, as shown in FIG. 4, a local region Ar including the target pixel AP is set on the tomographic image GC. The size of the local area Ar is, for example, 3 × 3 centered on the target pixel AP when the diameter of the display field (DFOV) is 40 cm and the size of the tomographic image is 512 × 512 pixels. The pixel size or 5 × 5 pixel size is assumed. The size of the local region Ar is preferably set so that the size of the corresponding region in the real space is a constant size. That is, when the tomographic image is enlarged and displayed, the pixel size of the local area Ar is also changed in accordance with the enlargement ratio.

  In step S7, a CT value representative value (hereinafter referred to as a CT value representative value) RV in the local region Ar is calculated. As the CT value representative value RV, for example, a median value, an intermediate value, an average value, or the like with respect to the CT value of each pixel included in the local region Ar can be considered.

  In step S8, an index value SD (hereinafter referred to as CT value variation degree) SD indicating the degree of variation of the CT value in the local region Ar is calculated. As the CT value variation degree SD, for example, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each CT included in the local area Ar, the variance, the standard deviation, and the like can be considered.

  In step S9, the weight used when obtaining the pixel value of the pixel corresponding to the target pixel AP by weighting and adding the pixel values of the corresponding pixels in the tomographic images GA, GB, GC of the plurality of reconstruction functions FA, FB, FC. The coefficient, that is, the mixing ratio is determined based on the CT value representative value RV and the CT value variation degree SD.

  Here, a method for determining the weighting coefficient will be described.

  The weighting coefficient is determined so that the image quality becomes closer to the sharpened image as the value of the CT value variation degree SD becomes larger, and the image quality becomes closer to the smoothed image as the value of the CT value variation degree SD becomes smaller.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the CT value variation degree SD and the weighting coefficient for each reconstruction function.

  The tomographic images GA, GB, GC of the respective reconstruction functions are switched at the threshold values Th1, Th2, Th3, Th4 of the CT value variation degree SD. Note that the sum of all weighting coefficients is 1 in the range of all CT value variations. For example, in a region where the CT value variation degree SD is large (threshold Th4 or more), that is, a region where the CT value variation is large, it is considered that the structure is fine and the change in X-ray absorption is large. The tomographic image GB using the reconstruction function FB for performing the conversion is used. Further, in the region where the CT value variation degree SD is small (0 or more and the threshold Th1 or less), that is, the region where the variation in CT value is small, it is considered that the structure is uniform and the change in X-ray absorption is small. A tomographic image GA using a reconstruction function FA that performs smoothing is used so as not to obstruct observation. Further, in a region where the CT value variation degree SD is intermediate (threshold value Th2 or more and threshold value Th3 or less), that is, a region where the variation in CT value is medium, the fineness of the structure is considered to be medium. A tomographic image GC using an intermediate reconstruction function FC is used. For a region where the CT value variation degree SD is between the threshold values Th1 to Th2 and Th3 to Th4, two tomographic images are synthesized by linear weighting, for example, as shown in FIG.

  In this embodiment, the thresholds Th1 to Th4 are shifted according to the magnitude of the CT value representative value RV in order to slightly change the seasoning of the image quality depending on the type of substance.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating changes in the threshold values Th1 to Th4 with respect to the CT value representative value RV. In this example, in the region where the CT value representative value RV is about −1000 to −800, an image of a substance close to air is obtained, so that each threshold value is set to be large so that the image quality is easy to observe close to the smoothed image. . In the region where the CT value representative value RV is about -800 to -300, since an image of a substance with low X-ray absorption other than air is obtained, each threshold value is made small so that the image quality is close to a sharpened image whose structure is easy to understand. Set. In the region where the CT value representative value RV is about -300 to +500, images of soft tissues such as internal organs are formed. Therefore, each threshold value is set larger so that the image quality is closer to a smoothed image that is more natural and does not obstruct observation. To do. In the region where the CT value representative value RV is +500 or more, since the image is close to the bone tissue, each threshold value is set to be small so that the image quality is close to the sharpened image whose structure is easily understood.

  In step S10, the pixel value of the pixel corresponding to the target pixel AP is obtained by weighted addition of the pixel values of the corresponding pixels in the tomographic images GA, GB, GC of the plurality of reconstruction functions FA, FB, FC. This weighted addition uses the weighting coefficient determined in step S9.

  In step S11, it is determined whether there is another pixel to be selected as the target pixel. If it is determined that there is a pixel to be selected, the process returns to step S5, another pixel is selected as the target pixel, and the process is continued. On the other hand, when it is determined that there is no pixel to be selected, a tomographic image obtained by synthesizing the tomographic images of the reconstruction functions FA, FB, and FC, that is, a tomographic image whose image quality is adjusted for each region is displayed. (Step S12). Thereby, one tomographic image in which the image quality is optimized according to the CT value variation degree is displayed.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a tomographic image in which the image quality is optimized according to the CT value variation degree. FIG. 7A shows a tomogram GA using the reconstruction function FA that performs smoothing, and FIG. 7B shows a tomogram GC using the intermediate reconstruction function FC. ) Is a tomogram GB using the reconstruction function FB for sharpening. Further, FIG. 7D shows a case in which these tomographic images are weighted and added using the relationship between the CT value representative value RV and the CT value variation degree SD and the weighting coefficient as shown in FIGS. This is an obtained composite image GG. In this synthesized image GG, in the region corresponding to the brain parenchyma, since the structure is uniform and the change in X-ray absorption is small, the tomographic image GA using the reconstruction function FA for smoothing is mainly adopted, and granular noise is used. The image quality is low. On the other hand, in the region corresponding to the inner ear, since the structure is fine and the change in X-ray absorption is large, the tomographic image GB using the reconstruction function FB for sharpening is mainly employed, and the image quality is high in spatial resolution. . In other areas, a tomographic image GC having an intermediate image quality is employed, and the image quality is intermediate between sharpening and smoothing.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, a plurality of tomographic images reconstructed using different reconstruction functions are created, and the tomographic images are switched according to the CT value variation degree in each local region in the tomographic image. By combining them, the image quality can be optimized according to the fine structure in each local region in the tomographic image. In addition, since the threshold value of the CT value variation degree SD serving as a reference for switching tomographic images is further changed according to the CT value representative value RV, the image quality is made closer to smoothing according to the type of substance or tissue, You can change the seasoning of the image quality by making it closer to sharpening.

  The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes and additions can be made without departing from the gist of the invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example using three types of reconstruction functions FA, FB, and FC has been described, but each type may be increased or decreased.

  Also, a plurality of images with different image quality used for weighted addition may be generated by using an image filter in combination with the reconstruction function. Alternatively, after using one type of reconstruction function, a plurality of types of image filters may be used, or one type of image filter may be repeatedly applied to generate a plurality of images with different image quality. As a specific example, by reconstructing an image using a reconstruction function that performs relatively strong sharpening, and repeatedly applying a smoothing filter to the reconstructed image, a plurality of images with different sharpness levels step by step May be generated.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of tomographic images having different image quality are weighted and added with a weighting coefficient corresponding to the value of the CT value variation degree SD, so that a composite image with a smoother image quality change and a more natural description can be obtained. Although generated, a composite image may be generated by using any one tomographic image among a plurality of tomographic images having different image quality according to the value of the CT value variation degree SD.

  In this embodiment, the CT value representative value RV and the CT value variation degree SD are calculated for local regions having the same shape and the same size determined by the target pixel AP. You may make it change the shape and size of the local area | region made into calculation object by RV and CT value dispersion | variation degree SD.

  In this embodiment, a plurality of tomographic images having different image qualities are prepared in advance, and a composite image is generated by weighted addition of pixel values of these images for each pixel. In addition, the partial image or pixel used for the weighted addition may be reconstructed and weighted and added each time to generate a composite image.

  In this embodiment, the subject image is an X-ray CT image, but may be an MR image, an ultrasonic image, an X-ray image, or the like.

  In the present embodiment, the subject image is a two-dimensional image, but may be a three-dimensional image.

  In the present embodiment, a human body is assumed as the subject, but the subject may be an animal or an object. Moreover, a use is not limited to medical use, Industrial use may be sufficient.

  An image processing apparatus having an image processing function according to the present embodiment and a program for causing a computer to function as such an image processing apparatus or an X-ray CT apparatus are also examples of embodiments of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Operation console 2 ... Input device 3 ... Central processing unit 5 ... Data collection buffer 6 ... Monitor 7 ... Storage device 10 ... Imaging table 12 ... Cradle 15 ... Rotating part 20 ... Scanning gantry 21 ... X-ray tube 22 ... X-ray controller 23 ... Collimator 24 ... X-ray detector 25 ... Data collection unit DAS
26: Rotating part controller 29 ... Control controller 30 ... Slip ring

Claims (9)

First calculation means for selecting one pixel in the subject image as a target pixel and calculating a degree of variation in pixel values in a local region including the target pixel;
Second calculating means for calculating a representative value of the pixel value in the local region;
An image having an image quality corresponding to the degree of variation in the pixel value represents the same subject as the subject image, and is selected from a plurality of images having different image quality, and corresponds to the target pixel in the selected image Adjustment means for adjusting the pixel value of the target pixel using the pixel value of the pixel to be calculated, based on the representative value of the pixel value calculated by the second calculation means, An image processing apparatus comprising: adjusting means for adjusting a correspondence relationship with an image to be selected as an image having an image quality corresponding to the degree of variation . The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the representative value of the pixel value is an intermediate value, a median value, or an average value of the pixel values. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the degree of variation in the pixel value is a dispersion of pixel values in the local region, a standard deviation, or a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value. The adjustment unit selects an image with higher image quality depending on the degree of variation of the pixel value, the higher the degree of variation of the pixel value, the more emphasized the high frequency component, and the smaller the degree of variation of the pixel value. The image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an image in which a high-frequency component is further suppressed is selected. The subject image, an image processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 4 is an image obtained by the X-ray CT imaging. The image processing apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the plurality of images are images obtained by superimposing a plurality of different reconstruction functions on the X-ray projection data of the subject, respectively, and back-projecting the images. Wherein the plurality of images, said superimposes a predetermined reconstruction function in the X-ray projection data of the object, the image obtained by backprojection, the image according to claim 5 is an image obtained by applying the image filter Processing equipment. Program for causing a computer to function as the image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. An X-ray CT apparatus having the image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7 .