JP5001337B2 - Recording method and recording apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a recording method for a disk recording medium such as an optical disk, and further to a recording apparatus for the disk recording medium.

As a technique for recording / reproducing digital data, optical disks (including magneto-optical disks) such as CD (Compact Disk), MD (Mini-Disk), and DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) are used as recording media. There is data recording technology. An optical disk is a generic term for recording media that irradiate laser light onto a disk in which a thin metal plate is protected with plastic, and read signals by changes in reflected light.
The optical disc includes, for example, a read-only type as known as CD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, MD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD + RW, DVD -There is a type in which user data can be recorded as known in RAM and the like. In the recordable type, data can be recorded by using a magneto-optical recording method, a phase change recording method, a dye film change recording method, or the like. The dye film change recording method is also called a write-once recording method, and can be recorded only once and cannot be rewritten. On the other hand, the magneto-optical recording method and the phase change recording method can rewrite data and are used for various purposes such as recording of various content data such as music, video, games, application programs and the like.
In recent years, a high-density optical disk called DVR (Data & Video Recording) has been developed, and the capacity has been significantly increased.

In order to record data on a recordable disc such as a magneto-optical recording method, a dye film change recording method, a phase change recording method, etc., a guide means for tracking the data track is required. Grooves (grooves) are formed in advance as pregrooves, and the grooves or lands (cross-section plateau-like portions sandwiched between the grooves and the grooves) are used as data tracks.
Further, it is necessary to record address information so that data can be recorded at a predetermined position on the data track, but this address information may be recorded by wobbling (meandering) the groove.

That is, a track for recording data is formed in advance as a pregroup, for example, and the side wall of this pregroup is wobbled corresponding to the address information.
In this way, the address can be read from the wobbling information obtained as reflected light information at the time of recording and reproduction. Data can be recorded and reproduced.
By adding address information as a wobbling groove in this way, for example, it becomes unnecessary to provide an address area discretely on a track and record an address as, for example, pit data. Recording capacity can be increased.
The absolute time (address) information expressed by such a wobbling groove is called ATIP (Absolute Time In Pregroove) or ADIP (Adress In Pregroove).

Incidentally, defect management is performed on an optical disc.
In the defect management, if a certain area on the disc cannot be recorded / reproduced due to scratches or other defects, the address of the area where recording / reproduction can no longer be performed is registered as a defect (defective area), or even a defective area. In the case of preparing a replacement area to be replaced, the address of the replacement area is managed, and this is an important technique for preventing the system from being broken by a defect.
In the defect management, for example, the address of the defective area that cannot be recorded / reproduced and the address of the replacement destination are registered as a defect list. This defect list is important information for defect management.

  For a high-density disk such as DVR that has been developed in recent years, a laser having a wavelength of 405 nm (so-called blue laser) and NA of 0.85 in a disk structure having a cover layer (substrate) of 0.1 mm in the disk thickness direction. When recording / reproducing a phase change mark (phase change mark) under the condition of a combination of objective lenses, a data block of 64 KB (kilobytes) is recorded with a track pitch of 0.32 μm and a linear density of 0.12 μm / bit. When the format efficiency is about 82% as a reproduction unit, a capacity of about 23.3 GB (gigabytes) can be recorded and reproduced on a direct 12 cm disc.

The area (data zone) for recording / reproducing user data at this time is in the range of a radius of 24 mm to 58 mm on the disc, and the inner peripheral side from the radius of 24 mm is a lead-in zone.
An area in which defect management information is recorded (defect management area) is formed at a predetermined position in the lead-in zone. Further, when two defect management areas are provided, they are formed adjacent to a predetermined position in the lead-in zone.

  For example, two defect management areas are formed in order to maintain reliability by reading one defect management information even if one defect management information cannot be read. However, the two defect management areas are adjacent to each other. In the case where the defect management area is damaged, there is a high possibility that both of the defect management areas cannot be recorded / reproduced. In other words, the reliability of defect management was insufficient.

As a specific example, at a position with a radius of 24 mm of the disc, about 1.9 blocks of 64 KB data blocks can be recorded in one round of the disc.
Since the user data capacity is as large as 23.3 GB, if the replacement area is 18432 clusters and about 1.207959552 GB, it will be about 5% of the user data. If the defect list is 8 bytes per entry, it is 147.456 KB, and 3 clusters are required.
When one defect management area is formed by a plurality of clusters as described above, about 1.9 blocks of 64 KB data blocks can be recorded on one track circumference at a position of a radius of 24 mm as described above. When a management area is formed, if there are defects or scratches in that area, multiple clusters cannot be recorded / reproduced in the two defect management areas, and the two defect management areas may not be recorded / reproduced correctly. there were.

  In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to improve the reliability of defect management in a disk recording medium.

According to the recording method of the present invention, a plurality of management data areas including a defect management area are provided in the lead-in area on the inner periphery of the disk by a recording operation on the disk recording medium, and the recording / reproducing condition adjusting area and the recording / reproducing condition adjusting area are provided. When the spare area of the same size is provided, each of the management data areas is formed so as to be at a position spaced apart in the radial direction of the disc across at least the recording / playback condition adjustment area and the spare area. When the information recorded in a predetermined order in the defect management area of the management data area is different from each other, the predetermined order is prioritized and recording is performed so that the information content and the number of times of recording update are the same.
The size of the management data area including the plurality of defect management areas is 32 clusters, and the size of the recording / playback condition adjustment area and the spare area is 2048 clusters.

In the recording method of the present invention, a plurality of management data areas including the defect management area are formed in the lead-in area on the inner periphery of the disc, and the recording / reproduction condition adjustment area and the spare area having the same size as the recording / reproduction condition adjustment area are provided. And a plurality of the management data areas are formed on the disk recording medium provided at a position separated in the radial direction of the disk across at least the recording / reproducing condition adjustment area and the spare area. It was given when the information recorded are different from each other in order to defect management area of the management data area, giving priority to the predetermined order, the information content, as the number of recording update performs recording to be the same, the defect When recording management information, the currently valid recording area of the above-mentioned plurality of recording areas The update count or determine the error condition, based on the above determination, records the defect management information into another recording area, so as to set the recording area to a valid recording area.

In the recording apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of management data areas including a defect management area are formed in the lead-in area on the inner periphery of the disc, and a recording / reproduction condition adjustment area and a spare area having the same size as the recording / reproduction condition adjustment area are provided. Each of the management data areas is recorded and reproduced with respect to a disk recording medium provided at a position separated in the disk radial direction across at least the recording / reproduction condition adjustment area and the spare area. In the recording apparatus, if the recording means for recording information on the disk recording medium and the information recorded in a predetermined order in the defect management area of the plurality of formed management data areas are different from each other, the predetermined the order priority of information information content, Bei updating means count recording update performs recording to be the same To so that.
In addition, when recording defect management information, the number of updates or error statuses of the currently effective recording area among the plurality of recording areas is determined, and based on the determination, another recording area is recorded. Control means for recording defect management information by the recording means and for recording information for setting the recording area as an effective recording area.

That is, in the present invention, by providing a plurality of management data areas including the defect management area in the predetermined radius section area on the inner periphery of the disc, the reliability of the defect management is obtained, and the plurality of defect management areas (management data areas) are compared. The reliability of the defect management area is further improved by setting the position away from the recording / reproducing condition adjustment area, which is a relatively large section, in the radial direction of the disk.
Furthermore, by providing a plurality of recording areas including replacement areas as areas for recording defect management information in the defect management area, the recording area can be changed according to the number of times the defect management area has been updated, error conditions, etc. Like that.

As will be understood from the above description, the present invention provides the following effects.
That is, by providing a plurality of management data areas including a defect management area in a predetermined radius section area on the inner periphery of the disk, such as a lead-in zone, reliability of defect management is obtained, and a management data area including a plurality of defect management areas ( The reliability of the defect management area is further improved by positioning the information area) in the radial direction of the disc across the recording / playback condition adjustment area (OPC), which is a relatively large section. That is, even if defects, scratches, etc. are in one defect management area, a defect management management area with high reliability can be formed and defect management can be performed without affecting the other defect management area.

In addition, in the defect management area, a plurality of recording areas including replacement areas are provided as areas for recording defect management information, so that the recording area can be changed according to the number of times the defect management area is updated, the error status, and the like. it can.
For example, it is possible to know the number of overwrites by reading the number of updates of the defect list, and when the number of times exceeds a certain value, the defect list can be recorded in a recording area as a replacement area.
As a result, even with an optical disc that has a limit on the number of overwrites, such as an optical disc that records data using the phase change recording method described above, the limit on the number of overwrites can be overcome, and recording / reproduction in the defect management area is highly reliable. It can be performed.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the defect management area is not affected by defects, scratches, and other defects in the defect management area, and is not affected by the limit of the number of times of overwriting. It becomes possible to perform recording / reproduction in the defect management area with high reliability.

It is explanatory drawing of the groove of the disk of embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the wobbling of the groove | channel of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the wobble signal which performed the MSK modulation and HMW modulation of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the disk layout of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the wobbling of the PB zone and RW zone of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the modulation system of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC structure of the phase change mark of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC structure of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure of the phase change mark and pre-recorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the structure of the lead-in zone of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the information area of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the structure of DMA of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of DDS of DMA of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the defect list of DMA of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the defect list entry of DMA of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of ISA and OSA of the data zone of embodiment. 1 is a block diagram of a disk drive device according to an embodiment. It is a flowchart of the process of the disk drive apparatus of embodiment.

Hereinafter, an optical disk as an embodiment of the present invention will be described, and a disk drive apparatus (recording / reproducing apparatus) that performs recording / reproduction corresponding to the optical disk and a recording method related to the defect management area will be described. The description will be given in the following order.
1. 1. Disk structure 2. ECC format of data 3. Defect management area 3-1 Information area including DMA 3-2 DMA structure having replacement area 3-3 Data zone replacement area Disk drive device

1. Disc structure First, an optical disc according to an embodiment will be described. This optical disk can be implemented as a high-density optical disk called so-called DVR (Data & Video Recording).
As shown in FIG. 1, the optical disk 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed with a groove GV serving as a recording track. The groove GV is formed in a spiral shape from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side. Therefore, when the cut surface in the radial direction of the optical disc 1 is viewed, as shown in FIG. 2, convex lands L and concave grooves GV are alternately formed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the groove GV of the optical disc 1 is formed to meander in the tangential direction. The meandering shape of the groove GV is a shape corresponding to the wobble signal. Therefore, in the optical disk drive, both edge positions of the groove GV are detected from the reflected light of the laser spot LS irradiated to the groove GV, and the positions of both edge positions when the laser spot LS is moved along the recording track are detected. By extracting the fluctuation component with respect to the disk radial direction, the wobble signal can be reproduced.

  In this wobble signal, address information (physical address, other additional information, etc.) of the recording track at the recording position is modulated. Therefore, in the optical disk drive, address control or the like at the time of data recording or reproduction can be performed by demodulating address information or the like from the wobble signal.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, an optical disk on which groove recording is performed will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to such an optical disk of groove recording, but is applied to an optical disk that performs land recording for recording data on a land. It is also possible to apply to a land-groove recording optical disk for recording data in the groove and land.

  Here, in the optical disc 1 of the present embodiment, the address information is modulated with respect to the wobble signal by using two modulation methods. One is an MSK (Minimum Shift Keying) modulation method. The other is a method of modulating by adding an even-order harmonic signal to a sine wave carrier signal and changing the polarity of the harmonic signal in accordance with the sign of the modulated data. Hereinafter, a modulation system that modulates by adding an even-order harmonic signal to a sine wave carrier signal and changing the polarity of the harmonic signal according to the sign of the modulated data is referred to as HMW (HarMonic This is called wave modulation.

In the optical disc 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a block in which a reference carrier signal waveform of a sine wave of a predetermined frequency is continuous for a predetermined period is configured, and MSK-modulated address information is inserted into this block. Generating a wobble signal provided with an MSK modulation unit and an HMW modulation unit into which HMW-modulated address information is inserted. That is, MSK-modulated address information and HMW-modulated address information are inserted at different positions in the block. Further, one of the two sine wave carrier signals used in MSK modulation and the carrier signal of HMW modulation are used as the reference carrier signal. Also, the MSK modulation unit and the HMW modulation unit are arranged at different positions in the block, respectively, and a reference carrier signal of one cycle or more is arranged between the MSK modulation unit and the HMW modulation unit. Yes.
A portion where no data is modulated and only the frequency component of the reference carrier signal appears is called monotone wobble. One period of the reference carrier signal is referred to as one wobble period. The frequency of the reference carrier signal is constant from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the optical disc 1 and is determined according to the relationship with the linear velocity when the laser spot moves along the recording track.

An example of physical parameters of a high density optical disk called so-called DVR (Data & Video Recording) according to the present embodiment will be described.
The optical disc used as the DVR disc of this example is an optical disc for recording data by the phase change method, and the disc size is 120 mm. Further, the disc thickness is 1.2 mm (the cover layer is about 0.1 mm). In other words, these are the same as CD (Compact Disc) type discs and DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) type discs in terms of external appearance.

The laser wavelength for recording / reproducing is 405 nm, and so-called blue laser is used. The NA of the optical system is 0.85.
The track pitch of the track on which the phase change mark (phase change mark) is recorded is 0.32 μm and the linear density is 0.12 μm. A 64 KB data block is used as one recording / playback unit, the format efficiency is about 82%, and a user data capacity of 23.3 Gbytes is realized on a disk with a diameter of 12 cm.
As described above, data recording is a groove recording method.

FIG. 4 shows the layout (area configuration) of the entire disc.
As an area on the disc, a lead-in zone, a data zone, and a lead-out zone are arranged from the inner peripheral side.
If you look at the area structure related to recording and playback. The inner circumference side of the lead-in zone is a PB zone (reproduction-only area), and the outer circumference side of the lead-in zone to the lead-out zone is an RW zone (recording / reproduction area).

The lead-in zone is located inside a radius of 24 mm. A radius of 21 to 22.2 mm is a BCA (Burst Cutting Area). This BCA records a unique ID unique to a disk recording medium by a recording method that burns out a recording layer. That is, by forming the recording marks so as to be arranged concentrically, barcode-shaped recording data is formed.
A radius of 22.2 to 23.1 mm is a prerecorded data zone.
The pre-recorded data zone records disc information such as recording / playback power conditions and information used for copy protection (pre-recorded information) in advance by wobbling a spiral groove on the disc. It is.
These are reproduction-only information that cannot be rewritten, that is, the BCA and the pre-recorded data zone become the PB zone (reproduction-only area).

For example, copy protection information is included as prerecorded information in the prerecorded data zone. For example, the following is performed using this copy protection information.
In the optical disc system according to this example, registered drive device manufacturers and disc manufacturers can conduct business, and have a media key or a drive key indicating that the registration has been performed.
When hacked, the drive key or media key is recorded as copy protection information. With this information, the medium or drive having the media key and the drive key can be made unrecordable.

In the lead-in zone, information areas Info1 and Info2 and a test write area OPC are provided at a radius of 23.1 to 24 mm.
The test write area OPC is used for test writing when setting recording / reproducing conditions of phase change marks such as laser power during recording / reproducing. That is, the recording / playback condition adjustment area.
Information areas Info1 and Info2 include a defect management area. The defect management area DMA records and reproduces information for managing defect information on the disc.
The RW zone (23.1 to 24 mm) in the lead-in zone is an area in which management information and other recording and reproduction are performed by phase change marks. The configuration will be described in detail later with reference to FIG.

A radius of 24.0 to 58.0 mm is a data zone. The data zone is an area where user data is actually recorded and reproduced by phase change marks.
A radius of 58.0 to 58.5 mm is a lead-out zone. The lead-out zone is provided with a defect management area similar to the lead-in zone, and is used as a buffer area so that overrun may occur during seek.
The radius of 23.1 mm, that is, from the middle of the lead-in zone to the lead-out zone is an RW zone (recording / reproducing area) where the phase change mark is recorded / reproduced.

  FIG. 5 shows the tracks in the RW zone and the PB zone. FIG. 5A shows groove wobbling in the RW zone, and FIG. 5B shows groove wobbling in the pre-recorded zone of the PB zone.

In the RW zone, address information (ADIP) is previously formed by wobbling a groove formed in a spiral shape on the disk in order to perform tracking.
Information is recorded / reproduced by a phase change mark in the groove in which the address information is formed.
As shown in FIG. 5A, a groove in the RW zone, that is, a groove track on which ADIP address information is formed has a track pitch TP = 0.32 μm.
A recording mark by a phase change mark is recorded on this track, but the phase change mark is an RLL (1, 7) PP modulation method (RLL: Run Length Limited, PP: Parity preserve / Prohibit rmtr (repeated minimum transition runlength)). ) And the like are recorded at a linear density of 0.12 μm / bit and 0.08 μm / ch bit.
If the 1ch bit is 1T, the mark length is 2T to 8T, and the shortest mark length is 2T.
The address information has a wobbling period of 69T and a wobbling amplitude WA of about 20 nm (pp).

The address information and the phase change mark are configured so that their frequency bands do not overlap with each other, thereby preventing each detection from being affected.
The CNR (carrier noise ratio) of wobbling of address information is 30 dB after recording when the bandwidth is 30 KHz, and the address error rate is 1 × 10 ⁻ including the effect of movement (disk skew, defocus, disturbance, etc.). ³ or less.

On the other hand, the track by the groove in the PB zone in FIG. 5B has a wider track pitch and a larger wobbling amplitude than the track by the groove in the RW zone in FIG.
That is, the track pitch TP = 0.35 μm, the wobbling period is 36 T, and the wobbling amplitude WA is approximately 40 nm (pp). A wobbling period of 36T means that the recording linear density of pre-recorded information is higher than the recording linear density of ADIP information. Further, since the phase change mark is 2T at the shortest, the recording linear density of the prerecorded information is lower than the recording linear density of the phase change mark.

No phase change mark is recorded on this PB zone track.
The wobbling waveform is formed in a sine wave shape in the RW zone, but can be recorded in a sine wave shape or a rectangular wave shape in the PB zone.

If the signal quality is about CNR 50 dB when the bandwidth is 30 KHz, the phase change mark can be recorded / reproduced with ECC (error correction code) added to the data so that the symbol error rate after error correction is 1 × 10 ⁻¹⁶ or less It is known that it can be used for data recording and reproduction.
The wobble CNR for the ADIP address information is 35 dB when the phase change mark is not recorded when the bandwidth is 30 KHz.
As address information, this level of signal quality is sufficient by performing interpolation protection based on so-called continuity discrimination, etc., but for pre-recorded information recorded in the PB zone, CNR 50 dB or more equivalent to the phase change mark I want to ensure the signal quality. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, in the PB zone, a groove physically different from the groove in the RW zone is formed.

First, by widening the track pitch, crosstalk from the adjacent track can be suppressed, and CNR can be improved by +6 dB by doubling the wobble amplitude.
Furthermore, CNR can be improved by +2 dB by using a rectangular wave as a wobble waveform.
In addition, the CNR is 43 dB.
The difference between the wobble recording bands of the phase change mark and the prerecorded data zone is wobble 18T (18T is half of 36T); phase change mark 2T, and 9.5 dB is obtained in this respect.
Therefore, the CNR as prerecorded information is equivalent to 52.5 dB, and even if -2 dB is estimated as crosstalk from the adjacent track, it is equivalent to CNR 50.5 dB. That is, the signal quality is substantially the same as that of the phase change mark, and it is sufficiently appropriate to use the wobbling signal for recording / reproducing prerecorded information.

FIG. 6 shows a modulation method of prerecorded information for forming a wobbling groove in the prerecorded data zone.
The modulation uses FM codes.
FIG. 6A shows data bits, FIG. 6B shows channel clocks, FIG. 6C shows FM codes, and FIG. 6D shows wobble waveforms vertically.
1 bit of data is 2ch (2 channel clock), and when the bit information is “1”, the FM code has a frequency of 1.2 of the channel clock.
When the bit information is “0”, the FM code is represented by a frequency that is ½ of the bit information “1”.
As the wobble waveform, the FM code may be directly recorded as a rectangular wave, but may be recorded as a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG.
Note that the FM code and the wobble waveform may be patterns opposite in polarity to those shown in FIGS. 6C and 6D, and the patterns shown in FIGS. 6E and 6F.

In the FM code modulation rule as described above, the FM code waveform and the wobble waveform (sinusoidal waveform) when the data bit stream is “10110010” as shown in FIG. 6G are shown in FIG. As shown in (i).
In the case of corresponding to the patterns shown in FIGS. 6E and 6F, the patterns are as shown in FIGS. 6J and 6K.

2. ECC format of data

The ECC format for the phase change mark and the pre-recorded information will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, FIG. 7 shows an ECC format for main data (user data) and management data to be recorded / reproduced with a phase change mark.

  There are two types of ECC (Error Correction Code): LDC (long distance code) for main data 64 KB (= 2048 bytes × 32 sectors of 1 sector) and BIS (Burst indicator subcode).

  The main data 64 KB shown in FIG. 7A is ECC encoded as shown in FIG. That is, the main data adds 4B EDC (error detection code) for one sector 2048B, and encodes LDC for 32 sectors. LDC is an RS (reed solomon) code of RS (248, 216, 33), code length 248, data 216, and distance 33. There are 304 code words.

  On the other hand, BIS is ECC-encoded as shown in FIG. 7D with respect to 720B data shown in FIG. That is, the RS (62, 30, 33), code length 62, data 30, and distance 33 RS (reed solomon) code. There are 24 codewords.

FIG. 9A shows a frame structure for main data in the RW zone.
The LDC data and the BIS constitute the frame structure shown in the figure. That is, for each frame, data (38B), BIS (1B), data (38B), BIS (1B), and data (38B) are arranged to form a 155B structure. That is, one frame is configured by inserting 38B × 4 152B data and 1B of BIS for each 38B.
A frame sync FS (frame synchronization signal) is arranged at the head of one frame 155B. There are 496 frames in one block.
In the LDC data, even-numbered codewords 0, 2,... Are located in even-numbered frames 0, 2,. Located in odd-numbered frames 1, 3,.

The BIS uses a code having a much better correction capability than the LDC code, and almost all are corrected. That is, a code having a distance of 33 with respect to the code length 62 is used.
Therefore, the BIS symbol in which an error is detected can be used as follows.
When decoding ECC, BIS is decoded first. In the frame structure of FIG. 9A, when two adjacent BISs or frame sync FSs are in error, the data 38B sandwiched between them is regarded as a burst error. An error pointer is added to each data 38B. The LDC uses this error pointer to correct the pointer erasure.
As a result, the correction capability can be improved as compared with correction using only LDC.
The BIS includes address information and the like. This address is used when there is no address information by a wobbling groove on a ROM type disk or the like.

Next, FIG. 8 shows an ECC format for pre-recorded information.
In this case, there are two ECCs, LDC (long distance code) and BIS (Burst indicator subcode) for main data 4 KB (1 sector 2048 B × 2 sectors).

  The data 4KB as the prerecorded information shown in FIG. 8A is ECC encoded as shown in FIG. 8B. That is, the main data adds 4B EDC (error detection code) for one sector 2048B, and encodes LDC for two sectors. LDC is an RS (reed solomon) code of RS (248, 216, 33), code length 248, data 216, and distance 33. There are 19 code words.

  On the other hand, BIS is ECC-encoded as shown in FIG. 8D with respect to 120B data shown in FIG. That is, the RS (62, 30, 33), code length 62, data 30, and distance 33 RS (reed solomon) code. There are four code words.

FIG. 9B shows a frame structure for prerecorded information in the PB zone.
The LDC data and the BIS constitute the frame structure shown in the figure. That is, for each frame, the frame sync FS (1B), data (10B), BIS (1B), and data (9B) are arranged to form a 21B structure. That is, one frame is configured by inserting 19B data and 1B BIS.
A frame sync FS (frame synchronization signal) is arranged at the head of one frame. There are 248 frames in one block.

Also in this case, the BIS uses a code having a much better correction capability than the LDC code, and almost all are corrected. Therefore, the BIS symbol in which an error is detected can be used as follows.
When decoding ECC, BIS is decoded first. When two adjacent BISs or frame sync FSs are in error, the data 10B or 9B sandwiched between them is regarded as a burst error. An error pointer is added to each of the data 10B or 9B. The LDC uses this error pointer to correct the pointer erasure.
As a result, the correction capability can be improved rather than the correction only by the LDC.

  The BIS includes address information and the like. In the prerecorded data zone, prerecorded information is recorded by the wobbling groove, and therefore there is no address information by the wobbling groove, so the address in this BIS is used for access.

As can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, the data and the pre-recorded information by the phase change mark have the same code and structure as the ECC format.
This means that ECC decoding processing of pre-recorded information can be executed by a circuit system that performs ECC decoding processing at the time of data reproduction by phase change marks, and the disk drive device can improve the efficiency of the hardware configuration. To do.

3. Defect Management Area 3-1 Information Area Including DMA Subsequently, the configuration on the RW zone side in the lead-in zone will be described, and the defect management area will be described.
As described with reference to FIG. 4, a lead-in zone is formed on the inner periphery of the disk with a radius of 24 mm. Among these, the range of 23.1 mm to 24 mm is the RW zone.
FIG. 10 shows a lead-in zone, a data zone, and a lead-out zone as the range of the RW zone, and shows the number of clusters in each zone and the area in the zone.
A cluster is a data unit of 64 KB and is composed of 32 sectors. One sector is 2048 bytes.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the lead-in zone, an information area Info2 is provided in a section having a radius of 23.235 mm to 23.278 mm, a test light area OPC is provided in a section having a radius of 23.278 mm to 23.621 mm, and a radius of 23.621 mm. A reserve area is formed in a section of ˜23.958 mm, and an information area Info1 is formed in a section of a radius of 23.958 mm to 24.000 mm.

In the information areas Info1 and Info2, there are a defect management area DMA for recording defect management management information and a control data area for recording control information.
The test write area OPC is an area for testing the recording / reproducing conditions, and trial writing is performed for setting the recording laser power and the like to the optimum conditions.
The reserved area is a reserved area for future use.

  When recording / playback density is track pitch 0.32 μm, linear density 0.12 μm / bit and data 64 kB is recorded and played back as one cluster, information area Info2 is 256 clusters, test write area OPC is 2048 clusters, and reserve area is 2048. The cluster and information area Info1 is 256 clusters.

The data zone serving as an area for recording / reproducing user data is 355603 clusters, and data of 64 KB × 335603 = about 23.3 GB can be recorded / reproduced.
The lead-out zone is 7429 clusters. In the lead-out zone, data similar to the information areas Info1 and Info2 such as the defect management area DMA and the control data area may be recorded and reproduced.

FIGS. 11A and 11B show the structures of the information areas Info2 and Info1 .
As shown in FIG. 11A, the information area Info2 includes a reserve, a defect management area DMA2, a control data area CDA2, and a buffer.
The reserve is provided in 160 clusters as a reserve for future use.
The defect management area DMA2 is 32 clusters.
The control data area CDA2 is an area for recording control information and has 32 clusters.
The buffer is a buffer area for separating the control data area CDA2 and the test write area OPC, and has 32 clusters.

As shown in FIG. 11B, the information area Info1 includes a buffer, a drive area, a reserve, a defect management area DMA1, a control data area CDA1, and a buffer.
The first buffer is a buffer area for separating the reserve area shown in FIG. 10 and the drive area shown in FIG.
The drive area is an area used as an area for recording the conditions (optimum values, etc.) as data after finding the optimum recording / reproducing conditions of the disc by test writing in the test write area OPC. It is said.
Reserves are provided for 96 clusters for future use.
The defect management area DMA1 is an area for recording / reproducing the same information (defect management information) as the defect management area DMA2, and has 32 clusters.
The control data area CDA1 is an area for recording and reproducing the same information as the control data area CDA2, and has 32 clusters.
The buffer is a buffer area for separating the control data area CDA1 from the data zone, and has 32 clusters.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the information areas Info1 and Info2 each including the defect management area DMA (DMA2, DMA1) are formed apart from each other in the disk radial direction. Moreover, the information areas Info1 and Info2 are separated from each other in the disc radial direction with the test write area OPC and the reserve area interposed therebetween. In this example, the distance is about 0.7 mm in the radial direction.
As a result, even if the defect management area DMA in one information area (Info1 or Info2) is damaged by scratches or defects, the damage affects the defect management area DMA in the other information area (Info2 or Info1). The possibility is very low. That is, it is rare that the two defect management areas DMA1 and DMA2 are damaged at the same time, and both cannot be recorded and reproduced. Thereby, the reliability of the defect management area DMA can be improved.
The same can be said for the control data areas CDA1 and CDA2, and the two control data areas CDA1 and CDA2 are damaged at the same time, and it is hardly possible to record or reproduce them. The reliability of the data area CDA is also improved.

  Further, as can be seen from FIG. 10, in the lead-in zone, the test write area OPC is the largest area except for the reserved area. Therefore, if the information areas Info1 and Info2 are arranged at least across the test light area OPC, the information areas Info1 and Info2 are effectively separated in the radial direction, and damage in one information area is caused. This is suitable for the purpose of not affecting the other information area.

3-2 DMA Structure Having Replacement Area Next, the structure of the defect management area DMA (DMA2, DMA1) provided in the information areas Info1 and Info2 will be described.
FIG. 12 shows the structure of the defect management area DMA (DMA2, DMA1).
As shown in FIG. 11, the defect management area DMA (DMA2, DMA1) is formed of 32 clusters. In FIG. 12, the data positions of the contents in the defect management area DMA are shown as cluster numbers (cluster numbers) 1 to 32. The size of each content is shown as the number of clusters.

In the defect management area DMA, a DDS (disc definition structure) is recorded in a section of four clusters of cluster numbers 1 to 4.
The contents of this DDS will be described with reference to FIG. 13. The DDS has a size of one cluster, and is repeatedly recorded four times in the section of the four clusters.

The section of 4 clusters of cluster numbers 5 to 8 is the first recording area (1st position of DL) of the defect list DL.
The section of 4 clusters of cluster numbers 9 to 12 is the second recording area (2nd position of DL) of the defect list DL.
Further, the third and subsequent defect list DL recording areas are prepared for every four clusters, and the section of the four clusters of the cluster numbers 29 to 32 becomes the seventh recording area (7th position of DL) of the defect list DL.
That is, in the defect management area DMA of 32 clusters, first to seventh seven recording areas for the defect list DL are prepared.
As will be described later, the defect list DL is data of a 4-cluster size described with reference to FIG. 14, and the defect list DL is first recorded in the first recording area. The second to seventh recording areas are used as replacement areas as recording areas for the defect list DL.

FIG. 13 shows DDS data contents.
As described above, the DDS has a size of one cluster (= 32 sectors). The data frame in FIG. 13 corresponds to a 2048-byte sector, and the data frames 0 to 31 constitute one cluster.
The byte position (Byte position in data frame) indicates the byte position in the data frame. The number of bytes indicates the number of bytes of each data content.

Various data contents are defined in the first data frame (data frame 0).
In 2 bytes from byte position 0, a DDS identifier (DDS Identifier) for recognizing that it is a DDS cluster is recorded.
The version of the DDS format is indicated in one byte at byte position 2.
In 4 bytes from byte position 4, the DDS update date count (DDS up date count) is recorded.

In 4 bytes from byte position 16, the start position of the drive area is indicated by the physical sector address PSN (physical sector number) of the first sector (first PSN of drive area).
In 4 bytes from the byte position 24, the start position of the defect list DL is indicated by the physical sector address PSN of the first sector (first PSN of defect list).

In 4 bytes from byte position 32, the position of logical sector address LSN (logical sector number) = “0” of the user data area (described in FIG. 16) in the data zone is indicated by physical sector address PSN.
In 4 bytes from the byte position 36, the position of the last logical sector address LSN of the user data area in the data zone is indicated by the physical sector address PSN.
Four bytes from the byte position 40 indicate the size of an inner spare area ISA (inner spare area) in the data zone.
Four bytes from the byte position 44 indicate the size of the outer spare area OSA (outer spare area) in the data zone.
In one byte of the byte position 52, a full flag of the inner peripheral side replacement area ISA and the outer peripheral side replacement area OSA is shown. The full flag is a flag indicating whether or not the replacement area is full.

In one byte of the byte position 54, a disk certification flag indicating whether or not the disk has been certified while checking such as verification is recorded.
4 bytes from the byte position 56 indicate the last address pointer when the disk is verified.

  In the data frame “0”, bytes other than those described above and the data frames “1” to “31” are reserved.

Next, FIG. 14 shows the structure of the defect list DL.
As described with reference to FIG. 12, the defect list DL is recorded in the recording area of 4 clusters.
FIG. 14 shows the data position of each data content in the defect list DL of 4 clusters as a cluster number / data frame. One cluster = 32 data frames. One data frame = 2048 bytes.
The byte position (Byte position in data frame) indicates the byte position (the start position of the data content) in the data frame.
The number of bytes indicates the number of bytes as the size of each data content.

The first 64 bytes of the defect list DL are used as a defect list header.
In this defect list header, information for identifying a cluster of the defect list, information such as version, number of times of defect list update, number of entries in the defect list, and the like are recorded.

The defect list header is followed by an area of defect list entry contents (list of defects).
That is, as the entry contents (list of defects), entries having a configuration described later in FIG. 15 are recorded after the byte “64” of the cluster “0” / data frame “0”.

Immediately after the entry contents (list of defects), 8 bytes of a defect list terminator is recorded.
The first 4 bytes of the defect list terminator are set to “FF FF FF FFh” as an identifier indicating the defect list terminator.
In the subsequent 4 bytes, the number of defect list updates is recorded as in the case of the defect list update count recorded in the defect list header, and the end of the defect list is recognized.
The remaining bytes are reserved.

FIG. 15 shows each entry (DL entry) recorded in the entry contents (list of defects).
One entry (DL entry) is composed of 8 bytes (64 bits) of bytes 0 to 7. Bits in each byte are shown as bits 7-0.

Status information (status 1) of the entry is recorded in bits 7 to 4 of byte 0 of the entry (i).
The status information includes a replaced entry, a replacement destination entry that can be replaced, a replacement destination entry that cannot be replaced, and the like.

  The first physical sector address PSN of the defective cluster is shown in the range of bits 3 to 0 of byte 0 and 30 bits as bytes 1 to 3. That is, the cluster that is replaced as a defect is indicated by the physical sector address PSN of the head sector.

  In bits 7 to 4 of byte 4, another status information (status 2) in the entry is recorded. This status information (status 2) is reserved.

The first physical sector address PSN of the replacement area is shown in the range of 30 bits as bits 3-0 and bytes 5-7 of byte 4.
That is, when the defective cluster is replaced, the replacement cluster is indicated by the physical sector address PSN of the head sector.

One entry (DL entry) as described above indicates one defect cluster, and when a replacement process is performed for the cluster, a cluster as a replacement area is also indicated.
Such entries are recorded as entry contents (list of defects) in the defect list DL having the structure shown in FIG.

As described above, seven recording areas for recording the defect list DL shown in FIG. 14 are prepared in the defect management area DMA shown in FIG.
The defect list DL is updated as an entry is added according to the defect status, and the value of the number of updates in the defect list header is rewritten. That is, it is updated as needed within the defect management area DMA.

First, the defect list DL is recorded in the first recording area (1st position of DL) in the defect management area DMA of FIG. At this time, the number of updates in the defect list header is also recorded.
For example, when the number of updates reaches 1000 at a certain time, or when the defect list DL cannot be reproduced after recording, the recording area is changed. That is, the defect list DL is recorded in the second recording area (2nd position of DL).
Similarly, the recording area is changed in the order of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh every time the recording update count reaches 1000 times or when the recording cannot be reproduced after recording. I will let you.

As described above, in the defect management area DMA, a plurality of recording areas (1st position of DL to 7th position of DL) including a replacement area are provided as areas for recording the defect list DL serving as actual defect management information. The recording area can be changed according to the number of updates and the error status. That is, as described above, the number of overwriting can be known from the number of times the defect list DL is updated. When the number of times exceeds a certain value, the recording area of the defect list is replaced.
In the defect management area DMA, recording is performed by the phase change recording method, and it is known that the phase change recording method has a limit on the number of times of overwriting, but by changing the recording area as described above, The limit of the number of overwriting can be overcome, and recording / reproduction of the defect management area can be performed with high reliability.

As the defect management area DMA, there are two DMAs 1 and 2 in the lead-in zone as described with reference to FIG. In addition, a defect management area DMA may be further formed in the lead-out zone.
In the DMA1, DMA2, and other DMAs, the same information is recorded in the order of DMA1, 2,.
Whether the information contents of all DMAs are the same can be determined by the number of DDS recording updates of each DMA and the number of recording updates of the defect list DL recorded in the defect list header.
If they are different, priority is given to the order of DMA1, 2,..., And recording is performed so that the information content and the number of times of recording update are the same.

3-3 Data Zone Replacement Area The data zone replacement area managed by the defect list DL will be described.
FIG. 16 shows a disk layout when a spare area is formed in the data zone.

The data zone is an area for recording and reproducing user data, but a spare area is formed in addition to a user data area for recording user data.
The ISA (inner spare area) is a replacement area on the inner circumference side, which has 2048 clusters and 128 MB.
OSA (outer spare area) is a replacement area on the outer peripheral side, and has 16384 clusters and 1024 MB.

ISA is a fixed size and OSA is a variable size.
First, when the DDS is initialized and formatted in the defect management area DMA of FIG. 12, a fixed size is set as the ISA size (inner spare area size) in the DDS, and a variable length is set as the OSA size (outer spare area size). Record and set the size.
The ISA size cannot be changed after the initialization format.
The OSA size can be changed after the initialization format. For example, when a disc is used in a personal computer or the like, when recording / reproducing an AV stream (audio / video stream data), the spare area may be reduced and the user data area may be enlarged to extend the recording / reproduction time. Although it is desirable, in the recording / reproduction of PC data, it is preferable that there is a large replacement area size in order to obtain reliability.
Therefore, after the initialization format, when the disk is switched from PC data recording / playback to AV stream recording / playback before use, it is preferable to reduce the OSA size and change it. Conversely, when changing from recording / playback of an AV stream to PC data recording, it is preferable to increase the OSA size.

If the disc is used exclusively for AV stream recording / reproduction, the replacement area (ISA, OSA) is set to zero. Specifically, in the initialization format, ISA size (inner spare area size) = 0 and OSA size (outer spare area size) = 0 are set in the DDS.
In that case, all data zones are treated as user data areas.
Further, when a defective cluster occurs, entry is made only as a defective cluster in the defect list DL, and no replacement cluster is entered.
That is, in this case, the defective cluster is not subjected to the replacement process, and is simply entered as the cluster is not used.
In this case, the seek time to the replacement destination is eliminated during recording / reproduction, which is suitable for real-time recording / reproduction of an AV stream.
Also, by not forming a spare area, the user data area that can be used is increased, and the recording / playback time can be extended.

4). Disc Drive Device Next, a disc drive device for recording / reproduction corresponding to the disc 1 as described above will be described.
This disk drive device performs the recording operation by the phase change recording method as the format process on the disk in which the wobbling groove is formed as the PB zone and the RW zone as described above, and thus FIG. 4 and FIGS. The disk 1 having the layout as described above is formed.
In addition, data is recorded / reproduced with respect to such a disc 1 by a phase change recording method in a user data area.
Of course, the defect management area DMA is also recorded / updated at the time of formatting or when necessary.

FIG. 17 shows the configuration of the disk drive device.
The disk 1 is loaded on a turntable (not shown) and is driven to rotate at a constant linear velocity (CLV) by a spindle motor 52 during a recording / reproducing operation.
Then, ADIP information embedded as wobbling of the groove track in the RW zone on the disk 1 is read by the optical pickup (optical head) 51. Further, pre-recorded information embedded as wobbling of the groove track in the PB zone is read out.
Management data and user data are recorded as phase change marks on a track in the RW zone by an optical pickup during initialization formatting and user data recording, and phase change marks recorded by the optical pickup are read during reproduction.

In the pickup 51, a laser diode serving as a laser light source, a photodetector for detecting reflected light, an objective lens serving as an output end of the laser light, and a laser recording light are irradiated onto the disk recording surface via the objective lens. An optical system (not shown) for guiding the reflected light to the photodetector is formed.
The laser diode outputs a so-called blue laser having a wavelength of 405 nm. The NA by the optical system is 0.85.

The objective lens is held in the pickup 51 so as to be movable in the tracking direction and the focus direction by a biaxial mechanism.
The entire pickup 51 can be moved in the radial direction of the disk by a thread mechanism 53.
The laser diode in the pickup 51 is driven to emit laser light by a drive signal (drive current) from the laser driver 63.

Reflected light information from the disk 1 is detected by a photo detector, converted into an electric signal corresponding to the amount of received light, and supplied to the matrix circuit 54.
The matrix circuit 54 includes a current-voltage conversion circuit, a matrix calculation / amplification circuit, and the like corresponding to output currents from a plurality of light receiving elements as photodetectors, and generates necessary signals by matrix calculation processing.
For example, a high frequency signal (reproduction data signal) corresponding to reproduction data, a focus error signal for servo control, a tracking error signal, and the like are generated.
Further, a push-pull signal is generated as a signal related to groove wobbling, that is, a signal for detecting wobbling.

  The reproduction data signal output from the matrix circuit 54 is supplied to the reader / writer circuit 55, the focus error signal and tracking error signal are supplied to the servo circuit 61, and the push-pull signal is supplied to the wobble circuit 58.

The reader / writer circuit 55 performs binarization processing on the reproduction data signal, reproduction clock generation processing by PLL, etc., reproduces the data read out as the phase change mark, and supplies it to the modulation / demodulation circuit 56.
The modem circuit 56 includes a functional part as a decoder at the time of reproduction and a functional part as an encoder at the time of recording.
At the time of reproduction, as a decoding process, a run-length limited code is demodulated based on the reproduction clock.
The ECC encoder / decoder 57 performs an ECC encoding process for adding an error correction code at the time of recording and an ECC decoding process for correcting an error at the time of reproduction.
At the time of reproduction, the data demodulated by the modulation / demodulation circuit 56 is taken into an internal memory, and error detection / correction processing and deinterleaving processing are performed to obtain reproduction data.
The data decoded to the reproduction data by the ECC encoder / decoder 57 is read out and transferred to an AV (Audio-Visual) system 120 based on an instruction from the system controller 60.

The push-pull signal output from the matrix circuit 54 as a signal related to groove wobbling is processed in the wobble circuit 58. The push-pull signal as ADIP information is MSK demodulated and HMW demodulated in the wobble circuit 58, demodulated into a data stream constituting an ADIP address, and supplied to the address decoder 59.
The address decoder 9 decodes the supplied data, obtains an address value, and supplies it to the system controller 10.
The address decoder 9 generates a clock by PLL processing using the wobble signal supplied from the wobble circuit 8, and supplies it to each unit as an encode clock at the time of recording, for example.

Further, as a push-pull signal output from the matrix circuit 54 as a signal related to the wobbling of the groove, a push-pull signal as pre-recorded information from the PB zone is subjected to band-pass filter processing in the wobble circuit 58 and read / read This is supplied to the writer circuit 55. Then, as in the case of the phase change mark, it is binarized and made into a data bit stream, and then ECC decoded and deinterleaved by the ECC encoder / decoder 57 to extract data as prerecorded information. The extracted prerecorded information is supplied to the system controller 60.
The system controller 60 can perform various setting processes and copy protection processes based on the read prerecorded information.

At the time of recording, recording data is transferred from the AV system 120. The recording data is sent to a memory in the ECC encoder / decoder 57 and buffered.
In this case, the ECC encoder / decoder 57 performs error correction code addition, interleaving, subcode addition, and the like as encoding processing of the buffered recording data.
The ECC-encoded data is subjected to RLL (1-7) PP modulation in the modulation / demodulation circuit 56 and supplied to the reader / writer circuit 55.
As described above, the clock generated from the wobble signal is used as the reference clock for the encoding process during recording.

The recording data generated by the encoding process is subjected to recording compensation processing by the reader / writer circuit 55, and fine adjustment of the optimum recording power and adjustment of the laser drive pulse waveform with respect to recording layer characteristics, laser beam spot shape, recording linear velocity, etc. Etc. are sent to the laser driver 63 as a laser drive pulse.
The laser driver 63 applies the supplied laser drive pulse to the laser diode in the pickup 51 to perform laser emission driving. As a result, pits (phase change marks) corresponding to the recording data are formed on the disc 1.

  The laser driver 63 includes a so-called APC circuit (Auto Power Control), and the laser output is not dependent on the temperature or the like while monitoring the laser output power by the output of the laser power monitoring detector provided in the pickup 51. Control to be constant. The target value of the laser output at the time of recording and reproduction is given from the system controller 60, and the laser output level is controlled to be the target value at the time of recording and reproduction.

The servo circuit 61 generates various servo drive signals for focus, tracking, and thread from the focus error signal and tracking error signal from the matrix circuit 54, and executes the servo operation.
That is, a focus drive signal and a tracking drive signal are generated according to the focus error signal and tracking error signal, and the focus coil and tracking coil of the biaxial mechanism in the pickup 51 are driven. Thus, a pickup 51, a matrix circuit 54, a servo circuit 61, a tracking servo loop and a focus servo loop by a biaxial mechanism are formed.

  The servo circuit 61 turns off the tracking servo loop and outputs a jump drive signal in response to a track jump command from the system controller 60, thereby executing a track jump operation.

  The servo circuit 61 generates a thread drive signal based on a thread error signal obtained as a low frequency component of the tracking error signal, access execution control from the system controller 60, and the like, and drives the thread mechanism 53. Although not shown, the sled mechanism 53 has a mechanism including a main shaft that holds the pickup 51, a sled motor, a transmission gear, and the like, and by driving the sled motor according to a sled drive signal, a required slide of the pick-up 51 is obtained. Movement is performed.

The spindle servo circuit 62 performs control to rotate the spindle motor 2 at CLV.
The spindle servo circuit 62 obtains the clock generated by the PLL processing for the wobble signal as the current rotational speed information of the spindle motor 52 and compares it with predetermined CLV reference speed information to generate a spindle error signal. .
At the time of data reproduction, the reproduction clock (clock serving as a reference for decoding processing) generated by the PLL in the reader / writer circuit 55 becomes the current rotational speed information of the spindle motor 52, and this is used as a predetermined CLV. A spindle error signal can also be generated by comparing with the reference speed information.
The spindle servo circuit 62 outputs a spindle drive signal generated according to the spindle error signal, and causes the spindle motor 62 to perform CLV rotation.
The spindle servo circuit 62 generates a spindle drive signal in response to a spindle kick / brake control signal from the system controller 60, and executes operations such as starting, stopping, acceleration, and deceleration of the spindle motor 2.

Various operations of the servo system and the recording / reproducing system as described above are controlled by a system controller 60 formed by a microcomputer.
The system controller 60 executes various processes according to commands from the AV system 120.

  For example, when a write command (write command) is issued from the AV system 120, the system controller 60 first moves the pickup 51 to the address to be written. Then, the ECC encoder / decoder 57 and the modulation / demodulation circuit 56 execute the encoding process as described above on the data transferred from the AV system 120 (for example, video data of various systems such as MPEG2 or audio data). Then, recording is executed by supplying the laser drive pulse from the reader / writer circuit 55 to the laser driver 63 as described above.

For example, when a read command for transferring certain data (MPEG2 video data or the like) recorded on the disk 1 is supplied from the AV system 120, seek operation control is first performed for the instructed address. That is, a command is issued to the servo circuit 61 to cause the pickup 51 to access the address specified by the seek command.
Thereafter, operation control necessary for transferring the data in the designated data section to the AV system 120 is performed. That is, data reading from the disk 1 is performed, decoding / buffering and the like in the reader / writer circuit 55, the modem circuit 56, and the ECC encoder / decoder 57 are executed, and the requested data is transferred.

  When recording / reproducing data using these phase change marks, the system controller 60 controls access and recording / reproducing operations using the ADIP addresses detected by the wobble circuit 58 and the address decoder 59.

Further, at a predetermined time such as when the disc 1 is loaded, the system controller 60 has a unique ID recorded in the BCA of the disc 1 and prerecorded information recorded as a wobbling groove in the prerecorded data zone PR. Is read out.
In that case, seek operation control is first performed for the purpose of BCA and pre-recorded data zone PR. That is, a command is issued to the servo circuit 61 to cause the pickup 51 to access the innermost circumference of the disk.
Thereafter, a reproduction trace is performed by the pickup 51 to obtain a push-pull signal as reflected light information, and a decoding process is performed by the wobble circuit 58, reader / writer circuit 55, and ECC encoder / decoder 57, and BCA information and pre-recorded are obtained. Reproduction data as information is obtained.
The system controller 60 performs laser power setting, copy protection processing, and the like based on the BCA information and pre-recorded information read in this way.

  At the time of reproducing pre-recorded information, the system controller 60 controls access and reproduction operations using the address information included in the BIS cluster as the read pre-recorded information.

In the example of FIG. 17, the disk drive device connected to the AV system 120 is used. However, the disk drive device of the present invention may be connected to, for example, a personal computer.
Furthermore, there may be a form that is not connected to other devices. In that case, an operation unit and a display unit are provided, and the configuration of an interface part for data input / output is different from that in FIG. That is, it is only necessary that recording and reproduction are performed in accordance with a user operation and a terminal unit for inputting / outputting various data is formed.
Of course, there are various other configuration examples. For example, examples of a recording-only device and a reproduction-only device are also possible.

Incidentally, it is conceivable that the disk 1 is shipped from the factory in a state before the initialization format. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, prerecorded data by the BCA and the wobbling groove is recorded in the PB zone, and the ADIP address is recorded by the wobbling groove in the RW zone.
For this reason, when the disk 1 is used, an initialization format is performed in advance to form a structure in the lead-in zone as shown in FIG. In this case, replacement areas (ISA, OSA) in the data zone are set according to information recorded in the defect management area DMA.
In the initialization format, the disk drive device forms the lead-in structure (defect management area structure) described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 15, so that the defect 1 having the highly reliable defect management area can be obtained as described above. It will be formed.
Note that this initialization formatting process may be performed by the disk drive device before shipment from the factory.

Next, processing when the disk drive apparatus records / updates the defect management information (defect list DL) will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 18 shows processing as control of the system controller 60.

When recording / updating the defect list DL, first, in step F101, the defect list pointer (DL pointer) is confirmed. This pointer (DL pointer) is a defect list start position (first PSN of defect list) in the DDS shown in FIG. 13, and this information is read.
The description will be made assuming that “0” to “6” correspond to the first to seventh recording areas (1st to 7th position of DL) in FIG.

If the pointer (DL pointer) cannot be read, that is, if the value as a pointer is not recorded, the process proceeds to step F102, and the first recording area (1st position of DL) corresponding to pointer (DL pointer) = “0” Record the defect list DL. Further, as a value of the defect list start position (first PSN of defect list) in the DDS, a value indicating that the pointer (DL pointer) = “0”, that is, a value indicating the first recording area (1st position of DL) is recorded.
For example, when the defect list DL is recorded for the first time at the time of initialization formatting on the disk 1 or after that, the system controller 60 performs the above steps F101 and F102, so that the disk drive device performs the first process. The defect list DL is recorded in the recording area (1st position of DL).

In order to write the defect list DL, the pointer (DL pointer) is confirmed in step F101, and if it is any numerical value “n”, the process proceeds to step F103. In this case, “n” is any one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 and designates any of the first to seventh recording areas (1st to 7th position of DL). Is the case.
In step F103, the system controller 60 controls to access the recording area indicated by the pointer (DL pointer), and reads the defect list DL recorded in the recording area.
Then, the value of the number of updates (overwrite) recorded in the defect list header in the defect list DL is confirmed, and it is determined whether or not the number of updates exceeds “m” (for example, 1000 times). Alternatively, it is determined whether or not the SER (symbol error rate) at the time of reading the defect list DL exceeds a certain value “j”.

  If it is not detected that the number of times of overwriting exceeds m times or that the SER exceeds the predetermined value “j”, the process proceeds to step F105, and the recording area, that is, the pointer (DL pointer) at that time is used. In the recording area shown, the defect list DL is updated.

On the other hand, if it is detected that the number of overwrites exceeds m times or that the SER exceeds the predetermined value “j”, the recording area currently indicated by the pointer (DL pointer) is already present. Since it is consumed, the process proceeds to step F106, where the defect list DL is recorded in the new recording area, replacing the next recording area (the recording area of the pointer (DL pointer) = n + 1).
Also, the value of the defect list start position (first PSN of defect list) in the DDS is updated from the current value of the pointer (DL pointer) = n to the value of the pointer (DL pointer) = “n + 1”. That is, the value indicates a new recording area that has been replaced.

When the defect list DL is recorded by the disk drive device, the recording area (1st to 7th position of DL) is changed as necessary by the above processing.
Therefore, the defect list DL can be rewritten with high reliability exceeding the limit of the number of overwrites, and the reliability of the disc and the recording / reproducing operation can be improved.

The disk of the embodiment and the disk drive device corresponding to the disk have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications can be considered within the scope of the gist.
For example, there are multi-layer discs having two or three recording layers as the disc, but a plurality of management data areas including the defect management area DMA are separated in the radial direction in the lead-in zone formed in each recording layer. In the defect management area DMA, a replacement area may be provided as a recording area for the defect list DL.
Also, when a plurality of management data areas including the defect management area DMA are formed on the outer periphery side of the disk, they are separated from each other in the radial direction. In the defect management area DMA, a replacement area is provided as a recording area for the defect list DL. What is necessary is just to be provided.

  1 disk, 51 pickup, 52 spindle motor, 53 thread mechanism, 54 matrix circuit, 55 reader / writer circuit, 56 modulation / demodulation circuit, 57 ECC encoder / decoder, 58 wobble circuit, 59 address decoder, 60 system controller, 61 servo circuit, 62 spindle servo circuit, 63 laser driver, 120 AV system

Claims (5)

A plurality of management data areas including a defect management area are provided in the lead-in area on the inner periphery of the disk by a recording operation on the disk recording medium, and a spare area having the same size as the recording / reproducing condition adjusting area and the recording / reproducing condition adjusting area is provided. When providing
Each management data area is formed so as to be at a position separated in the radial direction of the disc across at least the recording / playback condition adjustment area and the spare area,
When the information recorded in a predetermined order in the defect management area of the plurality of management data areas is different from each other , priority is given to the predetermined order, and recording is performed so that the information content and the number of times of recording update are the same. Perform the recording method.   2. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein the management data area including the plurality of defect management areas has a size of 32 clusters, and the recording / playback condition adjustment area and the spare area have a size of 2048 clusters. In the lead-in area on the inner periphery of the disc, a plurality of management data areas including a defect management area are formed, and a recording / playback condition adjustment area and a spare area of the same size as the recording / playback condition adjustment area are formed. The management data area is at least for the disk recording medium provided at a position separated in the disk radial direction across the recording / playback condition adjustment area and the spare area.
When the information recorded in a predetermined order in the defect management area of the plurality of management data areas is different from each other , priority is given to the predetermined order, and recording is performed so that the information content and the number of times of recording update are the same. As well as
When recording defect management information, determine the number of updates or error status of the currently valid recording area among the plurality of recording areas,
A recording method in which the defect management information is recorded in another recording area based on the determination, and the recording area is set as an effective recording area. In the lead-in area on the inner periphery of the disc, a plurality of management data areas including a defect management area are formed, and a recording / playback condition adjustment area and a spare area of the same size as the recording / playback condition adjustment area are formed. The management data area is a recording apparatus for recording / reproducing information with respect to a disk recording medium provided at a position separated in the disk radial direction across at least the recording / reproducing condition adjusting area and the spare area.
Recording means for recording information on the disk recording medium;
When the information recorded in a predetermined order in the defect management area of the plurality of management data areas is different from each other, the predetermined order is prioritized and the information information content and the number of times of recording update are recorded to be the same. A recording device comprising updating means for performing   When recording defect management information, the update count or error status of the currently valid recording area is determined from among the plurality of recording areas, and the recording is performed on another recording area based on the determination. 5. The recording apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising control means for recording defect management information by means and recording information for setting the recording area as an effective recording area.

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