JP4738717B2 - 乳酸菌からのリポテイコ酸、およびグラム陰性菌、潜在的病原性グラム陽性菌によって媒介される免疫応答を調節するためのその使用 - Google Patents
乳酸菌からのリポテイコ酸、およびグラム陰性菌、潜在的病原性グラム陽性菌によって媒介される免疫応答を調節するためのその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
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Description
以下の説明中では、以下の略語を使用している:ENA−78、上皮細胞由来の好中球活性化タンパク質−78;HM、ヒト乳汁;IEC、腸上皮細胞;IL、インターロイキン;LPS,;リポ多糖;LTA、リポテイコ酸;mAb、モノクローナル抗体;PBMC、末梢血単核細胞;PRR、パターン認識受容体;TNF、腫瘍壊死因子。
物質及び方法
細胞、培地及び試薬。 ヒト結腸腺癌細胞系HT29を、American Type Culture Collection(ATCC、Manassas、VA.ATCC:HTB−38)から得た。未分化細胞は、5%CO2/空気インキュベータ内の、10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS;Amimed BioConcept、Allschwill、Switzerland)を補充したグルコース含有DMEM中に37℃で保ち、一方分化した細胞は、グルコースを含まない培地中で増殖させた。細胞単層が90%の集合状態に達するまで、培養基は2日毎に交換した。ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を、Ficoll−Isopaque(Pharmacia)密度勾配遠心分離によって、健康な成人ドナーのヘパリン血から単離した。単離したPBMCを3回洗浄し、1%FCSを補充したRPMI1640培地(Life Technologies、address)に再懸濁させた。大腸菌及びSalmonella enteritidis菌株からのLPSは、Sigma Chemical Co.(StLouis、MO)から購入した。ネズミ抗−CD14モノクローナル抗体MY4(IgG2b)は、Coulter(Instrumentation Laboratory AG、Switzerland)から購入した。アイソタイプの適合する対照mAbは、MOPC141(Sigma)に由来するマウスIgG2b(kappa)であった。ヒト母乳は、健康な母親から得た。搾乳器による圧搾によって滅菌遠心分離チューブ中に、分娩後70日までのサンプルを得て、2時間の回収中に加工した。200×gで30分間の遠心分離の後に、非細胞性の脂質を含まない分画を、使用するまで−80℃に凍結させた。
Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 NCC533、及びLactobacillus acidophilus La10 NCC90からのLTAを、Fischer他(Fischer、W他、1983.Eur.J Biochem133:523〜530)の方法に従って単離した。簡潔に言うと、細菌をMRSブロス中で一晩培養し、採取し、800mg wet wt/mlの0.1M酢酸ナトリウムpH4.5のバッファーに再懸濁させた。次いで2倍容のメタノール、及び1倍容のクロロホルムと一晩室温で混合させることによって、細菌を脱脂した。脱脂した細菌を濾過によって回収し、2倍容のメタノールで洗浄し、バッファー1ml当たり細菌500mgの濃度で、0.1M酢酸ナトリウムpH4.7に再懸濁させた。この懸濁液を等体積の温かい80%w/vフェノール水溶液と混合させ、65℃の水浴中で45分間絶えず攪拌した。冷却後、形成された乳濁液を4℃において5000×gで30分間遠心分離にかけた。次いで上側の水性層を、0.1M酢酸ナトリウムpH5で充分に透析した(留分6〜8kDa)。核酸は30U/mlのDNAseI(Sigma)、9U/mlのリボヌクレアーゼA(Sigma)を用いて、5mMのMgSO4、40mMのEDTA二ナトリウム及び0.2mMのNaN3中において消化し(室温で24時間)、1mlのトルエンを加えて、細菌汚染を防いだ。消化産物を0.1M酢酸ナトリウムpH4.7でもう1度透析し、1−プロパノールを用いて15%に調整した。0.1M酢酸ナトリウム及び15%1−プロパノール中で平衡状態にした、流量0.1ml/1分の、オクチルセファロースカラムにこれを施した。5mlの分画を回収した。LTAの溶離を、同じバッファー中において15%〜80%1−プロパノールの勾配で、流量0.5ml/1分で行った。3mlの分画を回収した。1−プロパノール濃度の監視は、屈折率を測定することによって行った。それぞれの分画を、全中性糖(Dubois、M.A.他、「糖類及び関連物質を決定するための比色法(Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.)」Anal Chem28:350〜356)、リン(Chen、P.S.他、1956.「リンの微量定量法(Microdetermination of phosphorus.)」Anal Chem28:1756〜1758)、核酸の含量、及び屈折率に関して分析した。ピークの物質をロータリーエバポレーター(rotavap)で濃縮して、プロパノールを除去し、水で充分に透析した。濃縮後、0.1M酢酸ナトリウムpH4.7、1mlのCaCl2及びMgCl2を加え、小分けにした各分量を−20℃に凍結させた。La1 LTAの抗原活性を、近年記載されたELISA(Granato、D.他、1999.Appl Environ Microbiol 65:1071〜1077)によって確認した。脱アシル化を、Teti他(Teti、G他、1987.Infect Immun55:3057〜3064)によって記載されたように行った。
細胞を曝したすべての試薬を、濁度測定による動的なLimulus amebocyteの溶解物塊アッセイ(E−Toxate(登録商標)アッセイ)によって、エンドトキシン汚染に関して試験した。この試験は、1ml当たり0.05〜0.1エンドトキシン単位(大腸菌0.55:B5 LPS)の感度を有していた。この実験で使用した異なる培地は、不活性であるか、あるいは50pg/ml未満のエンドトキシンを含むことを見出した。
HT29細胞を、96ウエルの平底プレート中において、細胞104個/ウエルで平板培養した。5日間のインキュベーションの後、HT29細胞を、200μlのDMEM中にヒト乳汁、LPS及び/又はLTAを加える前に、血清を含まない培地で2回洗浄した。いくつかのウエルには、抗−CD14モノクローナル抗体も、20μg/mlの最終濃度で加えた。他の実験では、1%FCSを含むRPMI1640培地にPBMCを懸濁させ、次いで細胞2×105個/ウエルの濃度で96ウエルの平底プレート中に平板培養した。次いで細胞をLTAと共に37℃で30分間インキュベートし、次いでLPSで刺激した。37℃での24時間のインキュベーションの後、上澄みを回収し、サイトカイン含量をさらに測定するために−20℃で保存した。細胞の生存能力を、細胞毒性検出キット(Roche Diagnostics)を使用して調べ、これによって損傷した細胞のサイトゾルから上澄みに放出された、乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(LDH)活性を測定した。
細胞培養物の上澄み中で生成したIL−8の量を、ELISAによって測定した。簡潔に言うと、IL−8に対するモノクローナル抗体(2μg/ml、ImmunoKontakt、Bioggio、Switzerland)を、4℃で一晩インキュベーションすることによって、96ウエルのプレート(Nunc)上にコーティングした。次いでこのプレートを、PBSに溶かした0.05%Tween−20で2回洗浄した。非特異的な結合は、室温でさらに2時間、PBSに溶かした10%FCSでプレートをインキュベートすることによって阻害した。次いでサンプル、すなわちFCS−PBSに溶かした標準濃度の組み換えサイトカイン(15.625〜2000pg/ml.ImmunoKontakt)を、室温で3時間かけて加えた。次いでプレートを、ビオチン標識した抗ヒトIL−8モノクローナル抗体(1μg/ml、ImmunoKontakt)を加える前に、室温でさらに1時間、PBS−Tweenで4回洗浄した。4回の洗浄の後、ストレプトアビジン−ペルオキシダーゼ(0.5μg/ml、KPL、Bioreba、Reinach、Switzerland)を、室温で1時間かけて加えた。次いでプレートを再度洗浄し、基質(TMBペルオキシダーゼ.KPL)を10〜30分かけて加えた。酵素反応は、1NのHClを加えることによって停止させた。ELISA読み取り装置(Dynex Technologies)の、450nmでの吸光度を読み取った。検出限界は約30pg/mlであった。細胞培養物の上澄み中に放出されたTNF−αの量を、市販のELISAキット(R and D systems)によって測定した。
HT29細胞から全細胞RNAを、Trizol法(GIBCO−BRL)を使用して組織培養皿に抽出した。腸上皮細胞から単離したRNAを、モロニーネズミ白血病ウイルスの逆転写酵素(Perkin−Elmer、address)によって逆転写した。簡潔に言うと、RNAサンプル(全RNA0.5μg)、0.5単位のRNase阻害剤、1mMのそれぞれのdNTP、0.5nmol/mlの特異的な3’プライマー、5mMのMgCl2、及び1.25単位の逆転写産物を、製造者によって供給された酵素バッファーを含む、合計体積10μlの反応混合物中でインキュベートした。反応混合物を42℃で30分間インキュベートし、次いで95℃で5分間加熱した。次いで逆転写産物を、サーモサイクラー(Biolabo、Scientific Instruments、Chatel St Denis、Switzerland)上で、Gold DNAポリメラーゼ(Perkin Elmer)によって増幅させた。PCRバッファー、2mMのMgCl2、5μMのそれぞれのdNTP、0.2nmol/mlのENA−78特異的な3’アンチセンス及び5’センスプライマー(それぞれCGTTCTCAGGGAGGCTC及びTCCTTCGAGCTCCTTGTG、Keates他、1997 Am.J.Physiol 273G75〜G82)、及び1.25単位のDNAポリメラーゼ中で、10μlの逆転写産物を使用して、合計体積50μlでPCRを行った。95℃で10分間の最初の変性の後、94℃で45秒間の変性、60℃で1分間のアニーリング、72℃で1分30秒の伸長、次に72℃で7分間の伸長ステップという35サイクルによって、サンプルを増幅させた。すべてのサンプルを、陽性対照としてのβ−アクチンに関するRT−PCRに施した。RT−PCR産物のサンプルを、TAEバッファー中の(臭化エチジウムを含む)1.2%アガロースゲル上に載せ、150Vで1時間の電気泳動によって分離した。RT−PCR産物は、紫外光の下で目に見える状態にした。バンドの正確なサイズは、DNAサイズマーカー(Boehringer Mannheim)と比較することによって決定した。
Lactobacillus種からのLTAは、HT29細胞による大腸菌又はLPS誘導型のIL−8、TNF−α及びENA−78放出を阻害する。
我々は、グラム陽性菌又はそれらの誘導体も、ヒト腸上皮細胞のHT29細胞を刺激することができるかどうか調べた。異なるグラム陽性菌を、sCD14の源としてのヒト乳汁の存在下又は不存在下で、HT29細胞と共にインキュベートした。大腸菌とは対照的に、グラム陽性菌L.sakei、L.casei、L.acidophilus菌株La10及びL.johnsonii菌株La1、及びStaphylococcus aureus及びStaphylococcus epidermidusは、sCD14の存在下でさえ、HT29細胞によるIL−8の放出を刺激することができなかった。さらに、La1、La10又はStaphylococcus aureusからのLTAを100μg/mlまでの濃度で加えたときに、IL−8分泌が観察されることはなかった。
図5に示すように、ヒト乳汁の存在下において10ng/mlの大腸菌LPSを投与した分化したHT29細胞は、多量のIL−8を放出した(点線)。前と同様に、La1又はLa10のいずれかからのLTA(実線)は、この分泌の用量依存性の低下を引き起こした。5000倍過剰なLTAで、完全な阻害が観察された。
いくつかのLTAは、血液単球及びマクロファージ上の膜結合CD14と相互作用し、さまざまなサイトカインの分泌を刺激する。したがって我々は、LactobacillusのLTAに曝されたPBMCによる、IL−8及びTNF−αの分泌を分析した。1ng/mlの濃度で大腸菌LPSを加える前に、漸増量のLactobacillusのLTA(100〜10000ng/ml)の存在下において30分間、PBMCをインキュベートした。図6に示すように、La1 LTAを単独で与えると、5μg/ml以上の濃度でIL−8分泌を刺激したが(図6A)、しかしながら、試験したいずれの濃度でも、TNF−α放出の刺激は見られなかった。さらに、La1からのLTAは、PBMCによるLPS誘導型のIL−8の分泌に対して、非常にわずかな相殺的影響があるが(図6B)、それは用量依存的にLPS誘導型のTNF−αの分泌をより顕著に阻害した(図6C)。La10からのLTAは、単独あるいはLPSと共に、IL−8又はTNF−α産生に対して顕著な影響はなかった。
LTAの脱アシル化によって、細胞の生物学的活性の損失がもたらされる。これは、LTAの脂質成分が免疫調節活性にとって重要であることを示す。したがって我々は、我々の細胞モデルにおいて、LTAの脱アシル化のそのLPS相殺性に対する影響を調べた。図7に示すように、HT29細胞によるIL−8のLPS−sCD14型誘導に対する、La1からのLTA(図7A)及びLa10からのLTA(図7B)の相殺活性は、脱アシル化後に著しく弱まった。したがって、我々の細胞系でのLactobacillusのLTAの相殺活性も、脂質成分によって媒介されている。
どのようにしてLTAが、グラム陰性菌に対してその相殺的影響を及ぼすことができるのかを理解するために、La1からのLTA及びヒト乳汁sCD14又は大腸菌LPSと共にHT29細胞をプレインキュベートした、異なる処理手順を行った。La1 LTA(50及び100μg/ml)と共にヒト乳汁あり又はなしで、HT29細胞を4時間プレインキュベートし、血清を含まない培地で2回洗浄し、乳汁の存在下においてLPS(100ng/ml)を20時間投与すると、IL−8の分泌が無くなることはなかった(図8A)。しかしながら、sCD14の存在下においてLa1 LTA(1〜50μg/ml)と共に、細胞を4時間プレインキュベートし、次いで洗浄せずにLPS(100ng/ml)を24時間投与すると、IL−8産生のレベルは、LTA、LPS及びsCD14と一緒にHT29細胞を24時間インキュベートしたときに、得られたものと同等であった(図8B)。図8Cは、La1 LTA(1〜50μg/ml)及びLPS(100ng/ml)と共に4時間プレインキュベートした細胞に、sCD14の源を加えた24時間後に得られた、IL−8産生のレベルを示す。このレベルは、混合物LTA、LPS及びsCD14と共にHT29細胞を24時間インキュベートしたときに、得られた量と同等であった。LTAを加える前に、LPS(100ng/ml)及びsCD14の源と共に細胞を4時間プレインキュベートしたときに、同等の結果が得られた(図8D)。
乳児用調合乳を得るために、100mlの調合乳用に、0.5〜5%、好ましくは2%のペプチド、0.2〜10%、好ましくは4%の脂肪、1〜25%、好ましくは8%の非レバン炭水化物(ラクトース65%、マルトデキストリン20%、澱粉15%を含む)、及び少なくとも106cfu/mlの以下の菌株:Lactobacillus acidophilus NCC90(CNCM I−2332)又はLactobacillus johnsonii NCC533(CNCM I−1225)を、日常の要件を満たすための微量のビタミン及びオリゴエレメント、及び0.01〜2%、好ましくは0.3%のミネラル、及び50〜90%、好ましくは75%の水と組み合わせて含む混合物を、我々は調製する。
本発明に従って、Lactobacillus acidophilus NCC90(CNCM I−2332)又はLactobacillus johnsonii NCC533(CNCM I−1225)の1つ又は複数の菌株を、発酵生産されたヨーグルト様の乳製品を製造するために使用することができる。
配合飼料は約58重量%のコーン、約6重量%のコーングルテン、約23重量%のチキンミールで構成され、塩、ビタミン及びミネラルが残りを構成する。
Claims (6)
- 乳酸菌からのリポテイコ酸を活性成分として含み、前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス ジョンソニイ(Lactobacillus johnsonii)CNCM I−1225、ラクトバチルス アシドフィルス(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CNCM I−2332である、敗血症、細菌の移動、炎症、感染及び疾患、及び細菌の過剰増殖を治療するための組成物。
- 乳酸菌からのリポテイコ酸を活性成分として含み、前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス ジョンソニイ(Lactobacillus johnsonii)CNCM I−1225、ラクトバチルス アシドフィルス(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CNCM I−2332である、敗血症、細菌の移動、炎症、感染及び疾患、及び細菌の過剰増殖を治療するための医薬用組成物。
- 前記リポテイコ酸を生成する乳酸菌、又は乳酸菌の培養物の上澄みを含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記リポテイコ酸が、105cfu/g〜1016cfu/gの細菌の量に対応する量で存在する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の組成物からなる医薬用組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの乳酸菌からのリポテイコ酸、及び/又はリポテイコ酸を生成する乳酸菌、及び/又は乳酸菌の培養物の上澄みの使用であって、
前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス ジョンソニイ(Lactobacillus johnsonii)CNCM I−1225又はラクトバチルス アシドフィルス(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CNCM I−2332であり、
敗血症、細菌の移動、炎症、感染及び疾患、及び細菌の過剰増殖から選択される、ヒト又は動物の胃腸管、骨、皮膚、眼、耳、肺及び口腔中で、細菌媒介性疾患、又はLTA/LPS媒介障害と関連する炎症過程の減少又は予防を目的とする組成物を調製するための上記使用。 - 前記組成物が、局所用又は経口用調製物、眼科的施用物又は経口用施用物の形態での化粧的又は皮膚科的施用のための組成物である、請求項5に記載の使用。
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KR20040018375A (ko) | 2004-03-03 |
RU2003136828A (ru) | 2005-03-10 |
AU2002338873A1 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
EP1395269A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
US20090142375A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
CA2449403C (en) | 2011-11-15 |
CN1525863A (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
ATE394111T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
CA2449403A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
ZA200309821B (en) | 2005-03-18 |
CN100502888C (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
JP2005500267A (ja) | 2005-01-06 |
EP1395269B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
US20140056927A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
AU2002338873B2 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
BR0209975A (pt) | 2004-04-06 |
NO20035187D0 (no) | 2003-11-21 |
SG101083A1 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
US20040147010A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
ES2305256T3 (es) | 2008-11-01 |
AU2002338873B8 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
MX260807B (es) | 2008-09-25 |
MXPA03010598A (es) | 2004-03-09 |
PL366455A1 (en) | 2005-02-07 |
WO2002094296A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
PT1395269E (pt) | 2008-06-16 |
IN2003DE02242A (en) | 2006-01-20 |
US8329190B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
EP1260227A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
NO20035187L (no) | 2004-01-05 |
RU2320356C2 (ru) | 2008-03-27 |
DE60226436D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
DK1395269T3 (da) | 2008-08-04 |
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