JP4009355B2 - Composition and method for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ゴルフ場の芝草地などに発生するコケ・藻類の防除用組成物及び防除方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
現在、公園の芝生やゴルフ場のティーグランド、フェアウエイ、グリーンなどの芝草を取り扱っている場所における芝草病害が深刻な問題となっている。芝草病害のうち、コケ・藻類などの植物病原体によるものがあり、主な病害として藍藻害、緑藻害が挙げられる。
【０００３】
藍藻害は原生生物の下等微生物に属する藍藻によって起きる病害である。藍藻は土壌、河川、湖沼、下水等に生息する。藍藻の細胞には核や葉緑体がないが、高等植物と同様に酸素発生型の光合成を行って独立栄養的に生活している。有用植物に対する藍藻害については報告がないが芝草に対する害は各所で見られる。緑藻害はゴルフ場のグリーンでしばしば見られる。藻体は藍藻のものに類似しているが細胞構造は全く異なっている。湿潤な場所に発生し、多発の場合には芝が藻体で被覆され酸素呼吸が妨げられる。
【０００４】
以上の病害が起こる原因として化成肥料、リン酸肥料などの過剰供給による土壌の富栄養化が挙げられる。これらの含有成分である水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩は芝草に吸収されるが、過剰に存在する場合には吸収されずに残存し、土壌の微生物、原生動物、コケ・藻類の栄養分となる。その結果、微生物、原生動物、コケ・藻類が大量発生し、土壌の生態系が乱れ、先に述べたような病害が発生する。
【０００５】
しかし、土壌に過剰に存在する水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩を処理・除去する方法は、現在に至るまで開発されていなかった。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、芝草地に発生するコケ・藻類の防除用組成物及び防除方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明にかかわる芝草地に発生するコケ・藻類の防除用組成物は、鉄の水溶性硫酸塩及びアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩のうちの少なくとも１種を含有することを特徴とする。
【０００８】
病害の原因となるコケ・藻類を防除するためには、栄養源である水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩を化学反応させて、これらが吸収しにくい水不溶性リン酸塩を形成させればよい。本発明者らは、このような要望に応えるべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩と容易に反応し、水不溶性リン酸塩を形成する物質として、鉄の水溶性硫酸塩又はアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩組成物が好適であることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
【０００９】
鉄の水溶性硫酸塩及びアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩は水中で容易に金属イオンと硫酸イオンに分離する。鉄イオン、アルミニウムイオンは土壌中の水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩と反応して種々のリン酸塩を形成する。鉄の水溶性硫酸塩とリン酸との反応よりＦｅＰＯ4 、Ｆｅ2 Ｈ3(ＰＯ4)3 、ＦｅＨ3(ＰＯ4)2 、Ｆｅ2 Ｈ9(ＰＯ4)5 、ＦｅＨ6(ＰＯ4)3 等のリン酸鉄化合物が得られる。また、アルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩とリン酸との反応により、ＡｌＰＯ4 、Ａｌ2 Ｈ3(ＰＯ4)3 、ＡｌＨ3(ＰＯ4)2 、Ａｌ2 Ｈ9(ＰＯ4)5 、ＡｌＨ6(ＰＯ4)3 などのリン酸アルミニウム化合物が得られる。これらはいずれも若干の結晶水を含んだ微細な結晶であるが、中でもＦｅＰＯ4 とＡｌＰＯ4 はゲル状に近いものである。ＦｅＰＯ4 とＡｌＰＯ4 は反応条件によって、結晶性のＦｅＰＯ4 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏ、ＡｌＰＯ4 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏ、ＡｌＰＯ4 ・２Ｈ2 Ｏが得られる。反応例として、硫酸第二鉄９水和物と正リン酸との反応式、硫酸アルミニウム１８水和物とリン酸との反応式を示す。
Fe2(SO4)3・9H2O ＋ 2H3PO4 → 2FePO4・4H2O ＋ 3H2SO4 ＋ H2O
Al2(SO4)3・18H2O ＋ 2H3PO4 → 2AlPO4・4H2O ＋ 3H2SO4 ＋ 10H2O
Al2(SO4)3・18H2O ＋ 2H3PO4 → 2AlPO4・2H2O ＋ 3H2SO4 ＋ 14H2O
種々のリン酸塩の中でもＦｅＰＯ4 水和物とＡｌＰＯ4 水和物は不溶性塩であり、これらの化合物の生成によって富栄養化の原因となる土壌中の水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩の量が減少する。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
鉄の水溶性硫酸塩としては硫酸第一鉄無水物、硫酸第一鉄１水和物、硫酸第一鉄４水和物、硫酸第一鉄５水和物、硫酸第一鉄７水和物、硫酸第二鉄無水物、硫酸第二鉄３水和物、硫酸第二鉄６水和物、硫酸第二鉄７水和物、硫酸第二鉄７．５水和物、硫酸第二鉄９水和物、硫酸第二鉄１０水和物、硫酸第二鉄１２水和物、硫酸第二鉄第一鉄２水和物、硫酸第二鉄第一鉄１２〜１５水和物、硫酸第二鉄第一鉄２４水和物、ＦｅＳＯ4 ・Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 ・２Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 、４ＦｅＳＯ4 ・Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 ・１２Ｈ2 Ｏ、６ＦｅＳＯ4 ・Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 ・１０Ｈ2 Ｏ、ポリ硫酸第二鉄、硫酸第一鉄アンモニウム、硫酸第一鉄カリウム、硫酸第二鉄アンモニウム、硫酸第二鉄カリウムなどが挙げられる。
【００１１】
アルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩としては硫酸アルミニウム無水物、硫酸アルミニウム６水和物、硫酸アルミニウム１０水和物、硫酸アルミニウム１６水和物、硫酸アルミニウム１７水和物、硫酸アルミニウム１８水和物、硫酸アルミニウム２７水和物、硫酸水素アルミニウム［Ａｌ2(ＳＯ4)3 ・２Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 ・１０Ｈ2 Ｏ、Ａｌ2(ＳＯ4)3 ・Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 ・１４Ｈ2 Ｏ、Ａｌ2(ＳＯ4)3 ・Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 ・３Ｈ2 Ｏなど］、塩基性硫酸アルミニウム［３Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ・４ＳＯ3 ・９Ｈ2 Ｏ、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ・２ＳＯ3 ・１２Ｈ2 Ｏ、１３Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ・６ＳＯ3 ・７９Ｈ2 Ｏなど］、硫酸アルミニウムアンモニウム、硫酸アルミニウムカリウムなどが挙げられる。
【００１２】
上記の鉄の水溶性硫酸塩とアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩との混合物を使用することも可能である。
【００１３】
鉄、アルミニウムの塩化物も水溶性塩であり、容易に水不溶性リン酸塩を生成するが、共存するＣ１−イオンによる芝草への害が発生するため、使用はできない。
【００１４】
鉄の水溶性硫酸塩及びアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩を芝草に散布を行うには、乾燥粉末、スラリーあるいは水溶液など、どの様な形態でも使用可能であるが、使用場所や所有している散布器具によって使用形態を選択するのが好ましい。また、散布量は、芝草地の単位面積当りの水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩の濃度によって決定するのが望ましい。
【００１５】
しかし、これらの硫酸塩の水溶性が高い場合、雨水などによって流失し、早期に効果が低減してしまったり、均一な散布量のコントロールが難しく、多量に投与した場合には芝草がリン欠乏症を発生しやすい。そこで、これらの水溶性硫酸塩を多孔質物質に吸着させることによって効果を維持・持続且つ安全に所定量を散布することが可能となる。
【００１６】
多孔質物質としては合成ゼオライト、天然ゼオライト（クリノプチオライト、モルデナイトなど）、鹿沼土、酸性白土、珪藻土、焼成珪藻土、粘土焼成物などのいずれか又は混合物を用いることができる。ただし、アルカリ性多孔質物質を用いた場合、吸着物質が酸性であるため、多孔質物質のアルカリ金属及び／又はアルカリ土類金属との反応によりリン酸固定性能が低下するので好ましくない。従って、多孔質物質としてはｐＨが酸性又は中性のものを用いる。これらの多孔質物質の粒径はどのような大きさでも良いが、使用目的に応じた粒径のものを用いることが望ましい。特にゴルフ場のグリーン上で使用する場合には、粒径２．０ｍｍ以下が好ましく、パッティング時のイレギュラーを防ぐためには粒径１．５〜０．５ｍｍの範囲がより好ましい。
【００１７】
鉄の水溶性硫酸塩及び／又はアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩を多孔質物質に吸着させる場合、予め多孔質物質を乾燥させて鉄又はアルミニウムの硫酸塩水溶液を吸着させる。鉄又はアルミニウムの硫酸塩水溶液はどのような濃度のものを使用しても良い。市販品では濃度４０％硫酸第二鉄水溶液、濃度１２％ポリ硫酸第二鉄水溶液、濃度８〜８．２％硫酸アルミニウム水溶液などがあり、安価で扱いやすいので、これらを適当な濃度に調整して使用するのも良い。水溶性硫酸塩を多孔質物質に吸着させるには、予め多孔質物質を乾燥させて水分を除去した後、適当な濃度の水溶性硫酸塩水溶液を添加混合し吸着・保持させる。
【００１８】
この場合、水溶性硫酸塩は固形分換算で１〜１０重量％が好ましく、残部を多孔質物質とする事により、製品は乾燥することなくそのままの形態で機械散布が可能である。水溶性硫酸塩の割合は、１〜１０重量％の範囲において、芝草地の単位面積当りの水溶性リン酸及び／又は水溶性リン酸塩の濃度から、単位面積当りに散布する量が簡単に設定できるようにするのが好ましい。また、１重量％以下では水溶性硫酸塩濃度が低すぎて効果がほとんど期待できない。
【００１９】
本発明の組成物を散布するに当っては、予め対象土中の水溶性リン酸濃度を測定し、その水溶性リン酸量との反応当量に相当する量の０．３〜１．０倍、好ましくは０．４〜０．８倍の鉄の水溶性硫酸塩及び／又はアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩を含む量の組成物を対象土に散布するのが良い。０．３倍未満では効果が少なく、１．０倍を越えると土壌中の水溶性リン酸が極度に減少し、芝草の発育に悪影響を与える。対象土の量としては、芝草及びコケ・藻類の根の到達深度から見て、地表からの深さ１０ｃｍ程度の範囲を考慮すれば良い。
【００２０】
以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【００２１】
【実施例１】
市販の硫酸第二鉄水和物［Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3・ｎＨ2 Ｏ；Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 含有率６０％以上］および硫酸アルミニウム１８水和物［Ａｌ2(ＳＯ4)3・１８Ｈ2 Ｏ］１６．５ｇを１０００ｍＬポリエチレン容器に入れ、そこに清水（１５℃）９６７ｍＬを加え攪拌し、溶解させ硫酸塩の固形分濃度が１８ｇ／Ｌ（約０．０５モル／Ｌの水溶液を得た。この混合水溶液を用いてゴルフ場ナセリーのパッティング用グリーンにてコケ・藻類の防除効果を試験した。なおグリーンは通称サンドグリーンと呼ばれるもので、床砂は川砂をベースとしており、草種はペンクロスである。当該グリーンは夏期多湿条件下、コケ・藻類が全面繁茂し、ペンクロスを覆っているような状態であった。また床砂中の水溶性リン酸（Ｗ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 ）濃度を測定したところ０．５４〜０．７０ｍｇ／１００ｇ乾土であった。
【００２２】
散布は次の通りに行った。Ｗ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 が全て正リン酸（Ｈ3 ＰＯ4 ）と仮定した場合、硫酸塩と正リン酸の反応及び生成物は、
Fe2(SO4)3 ＋ 2H3PO4 ＋ 8H2O → 2FePO4・4H2O ＋ 3H2SO4
Al2(SO4)3 ＋ 2H3PO4 ＋ 8H2O → 2AlPO4・4H2O ＋ 3H2SO4
である。グリーンにおける床砂の比重を１．８、厚さ１０ｃｍ、含水率１０％とすると、面積１ｍ2 当りのＷ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 は平均値で約１．０ｇ（Ｐ2 Ｏ5 として０．０７モル、正リン酸換算で約０．０１４モル／ｍ2 となる。一方、全水溶性リン酸を固定するにはＨ3 ＰＯ4 １モルに対し０．５モル（Ｗ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 に対しては等モル）のＦｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 及び／又はＡｌ2(ＳＯ4)3 が反応当量になる。そこで、先に調製した０．０５モル／Ｌの水溶液を５倍に希釈し、噴霧器によって１ｍ2 当り５Ｌ（反応当量の約７０％）散布した。試験散布面積は２４ｍ2 （２ｍ×１２ｍ）２区（試験区Ａ及び対象区）準備した。対象区のコケ・藻類の防除率を０％とし、散布後１週間経過した時の試験区Ａのコケ・藻類の防除率を求めた結果を表１に示す。また床砂中のＷ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 濃度を分析した結果を表２に示す。
【００２３】
【表１】
【表２】
実施例１において散布１週間後の効果を確認したところ、試験区のコケ・藻類はリン欠乏症を起こして枯死し、太陽光線によって乾燥収縮して風などによって飛散してほぼ消滅していた。しかし部分的にコケ・藻類の未防除部分及び芝草の下葉の黄化が確認できた。これは、散布試料が液体であるため、散布面積に対し平均して散布を行うことが難しく、散布むらが生じたためである。特に芝草の黄化は、水溶性硫酸塩の過剰な供給によるリン欠乏症と考えられる。
【００２６】
【実施例２】
表３に示す市販のモルデナイトを主成分とする天然ゼオライト乾燥品５３．２ｋｇをモルタルミキサー（回転数３００ｒｐｍ）で回転しながら、予め硫酸アルミニウム１８水和物（Ａｌ2(ＳＯ4)3・１８Ｈ2 Ｏ）３．３ｋｇを３．５Ｌの清水に溶解し、添加混合しつつ天然ゼオライトに浸透吸着させ、コケ・藻類の防除用組成物を調製した。この組成物の濃度は、６０ｇ中にＡｌ2(ＳＯ4)3 が０．００５モル含まれるように設定されている。この組成物は散布機にてゴルフ場のグリーンに散布するのに何ら支障はなかった。実施例１と同一のコケ・藻類の発生しているグリーン上に面積２４ｍ2 （２ｍ×１２ｍ）の試験区を３区設置した。試験区Ａは１ｍ2 当り６０ｇ散布区、試験区Ｂは１ｍ2 当り３０ｇ散布区とし、比較のため無散布の対象区を設けた。対象区のコケ・藻類の防除を０％とし、散布後１週間経過した時のコケ・藻類の防除率を求めた結果を表１に示す。また床砂中のＷ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 濃度を分析した結果を表２に示す。
【００２７】
【表３】
【実施例３】
表４に示す市販の焼成モルデナイト５２ｋｇをモルタルミキサー（回転数３００ｒｐｍ）で回転しながら、市販の硫酸第二鉄水和物［Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3・ｎＨ2 Ｏ；Ｆｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 含有率６０％以上］３．３ｋｇを４．７Ｌの清水に溶解した液を添加混合しつつ焼成モルデナイトに浸透吸着させ、コケ・藻類の防除用組成物を調製した。この組成物の濃度は、６０ｇ中にＦｅ2(ＳＯ4)3 が０．００５モル含まれるように設定されていた。実施例２と同一条件で試験区を設置し、試験区Ａは１ｍ2 当り６０ｇ散布区、試験区Ｂは１ｍ2 当り３０ｇ散布区とし、比較のため無散布の対象区を設けた。対象区のコケ・藻類の防除を０％とし、散布後１週間経過した時のコケ・藻類の防除率を求めた結果を表１に示す。また床砂中のＷ−Ｐ2 Ｏ5 濃度を分析した結果を表２に示す。
【００２９】
【表４】
実施例２及び実施例３において、散布１週間後の効果を確認したところ、試験区のコケ・藻類の著しい防除効果が確認できた。実施例１と比較すると、その効果はやや緩慢であったが、散布むらによる芝草の黄化はほとんど認められず散布時の均一分散性、安全性の上から実施例１より優れていると判断できる。
【００３１】
【発明の効果】
芝草地に発生するコケ・藻類を効果的に防除できる。特に、鉄の水溶性硫酸塩及び／又はアルミニウムの水溶性硫酸塩を粉粒状の多孔質物質に吸着させたものは、芝草に悪影響を与えない。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition and a method for controlling moss and algae that occur on turfgrass and the like of golf courses.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, turfgrass disease in places where turfgrasses such as park lawns, golf course tee grounds, fairways, and greens are handled is a serious problem. Among turfgrass diseases, there are those caused by plant pathogens such as moss and algae, and the main diseases include cyanobacteria and green algae.
[0003]
Cyanobacterial damage is a disease caused by cyanobacteria belonging to lower microorganisms of protists. Cyanobacteria live in soil, rivers, lakes and sewage. Cyanobacteria cells do not have nuclei or chloroplasts, but live in an autotrophic manner by oxygen-generated photosynthesis, similar to higher plants. Although there is no report on cyanobacterial damage to useful plants, damage to turfgrass is seen in various places. Green algae damage is often seen in golf course green. The algal bodies are similar to those of cyanobacteria, but the cell structure is completely different. Occurring in a humid place, in the case of frequent occurrence, the lawn is covered with alga and oxygen breathing is hindered.
[0004]
The cause of the above diseases is eutrophication of soil by excessive supply of chemical fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the like. Water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate, which are these components, are absorbed by turfgrass, but if they are present in excess, they remain unabsorbed and become soil microorganisms, protozoa, moss and algae. It becomes the nutrient of. As a result, a large number of microorganisms, protozoa, moss and algae are generated, the soil ecosystem is disturbed, and the diseases described above occur.
[0005]
However, a method for treating and removing water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate excessively present in soil has not been developed until now.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a composition and a method for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The composition for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass according to the present invention contains at least one of a water-soluble sulfate of iron and a water-soluble sulfate of aluminum.
[0008]
In order to control moss and algae that cause diseases, water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate, which is a nutrient source, is chemically reacted to form water-insoluble phosphate that is difficult to absorb. Just do it. As a result of intensive research to meet such demands, the present inventors have made iron as a substance that easily reacts with water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate to form a water-insoluble phosphate. The present inventors have found that a water-soluble sulfate salt or a water-soluble sulfate salt composition of aluminum is suitable, and have completed the present invention based on this finding.
[0009]
The water-soluble sulfate of iron and the water-soluble sulfate of aluminum are easily separated into metal ions and sulfate ions in water. Iron ions and aluminum ions react with water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate in soil to form various phosphates. FePO 4 , Fe 2 H 3 (PO 4 ) 3 , FeH 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Fe 2 H 9 (PO 4 ) 5 , and FeH 6 (PO 4 ) are obtained from the reaction between the water-soluble sulfate of iron and phosphoric acid. An iron phosphate compound such as 3 is obtained. Further, by reaction of water-soluble sulfate of aluminum with phosphoric acid, AlPO 4 , Al 2 H 3 (PO 4 ) 3 , AlH 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Al 2 H 9 (PO 4 ) 5 , AlH 6 ( An aluminum phosphate compound such as PO 4 ) 3 is obtained. These are all fine crystals containing some water of crystallization, but among them FePO 4 and AlPO 4 are close to a gel. As for FePO 4 and AlPO 4 , crystalline FePO 4 .4H 2 O, AlPO 4 .4H 2 O, and AlPO 4 .2H 2 O are obtained depending on the reaction conditions. As reaction examples, a reaction formula between ferric sulfate nonahydrate and orthophosphoric acid and a reaction formula between aluminum sulfate octahydrate and phosphoric acid are shown.
Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , 9H 2 O + 2H 3 PO 4 → 2 FePO 4 , 4H 2 O + 3H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3・ 18H 2 O + 2H 3 PO 4 → 2 AlPO 4・ 4H 2 O + 3H 2 SO 4 + 10H 2 O
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3・ 18H 2 O + 2H 3 PO 4 → 2 AlPO 4・ 2H 2 O + 3H 2 SO 4 + 14H 2 O
Various FePO 4 hydrate and AlPO 4 hydrate Among phosphate is insoluble salts, water-soluble phosphate and / or water-soluble phosphorus in the soil causing eutrophication by the generation of these compounds The amount of acid salt is reduced.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Water-soluble sulfates of iron include ferrous sulfate anhydride, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate tetrahydrate, ferrous sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate , Ferric sulfate anhydride, ferric sulfate trihydrate, ferric sulfate hexahydrate, ferric sulfate heptahydrate, ferric sulfate 7.5 hydrate, ferric sulfate 9 hydrate, ferric sulfate decahydrate, ferric sulfate 12 hydrate, ferric sulfate ferrous dihydrate, ferric sulfate 12-15 hydrate, sulfuric acid Ferrous ferrous 24 hydrate, FeSO 4 · Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 2H 2 SO 4 , 4FeSO 4 · Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 12H 2 O, 6FeSO 4 · Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 10H 2 O, polyferric sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferrous potassium sulfate, ferric ammonium sulfate, ferric sulfate potassium and the like.
[0011]
As water-soluble sulfates of aluminum, aluminum sulfate anhydride, aluminum sulfate hexahydrate, aluminum sulfate decahydrate, aluminum sulfate 16 hydrate, aluminum sulfate 17 hydrate, aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate, aluminum sulfate 27 hydrates, hydrogen aluminum sulfate [Al 2 (SO 4) 3 · 2H 2 SO 4 · 10H 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4) 3 · H 2 SO 4 · 14H 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4) 3 · H 2 SO 4 · 3H 2 O, etc.], basic aluminum sulfate [3Al 2 O 3 · 4SO 3 · 9H 2 O, Al 2 O 3 · 2SO 3 · 12H 2 O, 13Al 2 O 3 · 6SO 3 · 79H 2 O etc.], aluminum ammonium sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate and the like.
[0012]
It is also possible to use a mixture of the above-mentioned iron water-soluble sulfate and aluminum water-soluble sulfate.
[0013]
Iron and aluminum chlorides are also water-soluble salts, and easily form water-insoluble phosphates, but cannot be used because coexisting C1- ions cause harm to turfgrass.
[0014]
To spray water-soluble sulfate of iron and water-soluble sulfate of aluminum on turfgrass, it can be used in any form such as dry powder, slurry or aqueous solution. It is preferable to select the use form according to the above. Further, it is desirable that the amount of application is determined by the concentration of water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate per unit area of turf grass.
[0015]
However, when these sulfates are highly soluble in water, they can be washed away by rainwater, etc., and the effect can be reduced at an early stage, and it is difficult to control the uniform application amount. Likely to happen. Therefore, by adsorbing these water-soluble sulfates to the porous material, it is possible to maintain the effect, and to spray a predetermined amount safely and continuously.
[0016]
As the porous material, any one of synthetic zeolite, natural zeolite (clinopthiolite, mordenite, etc.), Kanuma earth, acid clay, diatomaceous earth, calcined diatomaceous earth, calcined clay, or a mixture thereof can be used. However, when an alkaline porous material is used, since the adsorbing material is acidic, the phosphoric acid fixing performance is lowered by the reaction of the porous material with an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, such being undesirable. Accordingly, a porous material having an acidic or neutral pH is used. These porous materials may have any particle size, but it is desirable to use particles having a particle size according to the purpose of use. Particularly when used on a golf course green, the particle size is preferably 2.0 mm or less, and in order to prevent irregularities during putting, a particle size of 1.5 to 0.5 mm is more preferable.
[0017]
When the water-soluble sulfate of iron and / or the water-soluble sulfate of aluminum are adsorbed on the porous material, the porous material is dried in advance to adsorb the iron or aluminum sulfate aqueous solution. An aqueous solution of iron or aluminum sulfate may be used at any concentration. Commercially available products include 40% ferric sulfate aqueous solution, 12% polyferric sulfate aqueous solution, and 8 to 8.2% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution. They are inexpensive and easy to handle. Adjust these to appropriate concentrations. It is also good to use. In order to adsorb the water-soluble sulfate to the porous material, the porous material is dried in advance to remove moisture, and then an aqueous solution of a water-soluble sulfate having an appropriate concentration is added, mixed, adsorbed and retained.
[0018]
In this case, the water-soluble sulfate is preferably 1 to 10% by weight in terms of solid content, and by making the balance a porous material, the product can be mechanically sprayed as it is without being dried. The amount of water-soluble sulfate can be easily applied per unit area from the concentration of water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate per unit area of turf grass in the range of 1 to 10% by weight. It is preferable to be able to set. On the other hand, if the concentration is 1% by weight or less, the water-soluble sulfate concentration is too low to be expected to be effective.
[0019]
In spraying the composition of the present invention, the concentration of water-soluble phosphoric acid in the target soil is measured in advance, and 0.3 to 1.0 times the amount corresponding to the reaction equivalent with the amount of water-soluble phosphoric acid. The composition containing an amount of 0.4 to 0.8 times the amount of iron water-soluble sulfate and / or aluminum water-soluble sulfate is preferably applied to the target soil. If it is less than 0.3 times, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 1.0 times, the water-soluble phosphoric acid in the soil is extremely reduced, which adversely affects the growth of turfgrass. As the amount of the target soil, a range of about 10 cm in depth from the ground surface may be considered in view of the reach depth of the turfgrass and moss / algae roots.
[0020]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to the following Example.
[0021]
[Example 1]
Commercially available ferric sulfate hydrate [Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .nH 2 O; Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 content of 60% or more] and aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3・ 16.5 g of 18H 2 O] is put into a 1000 mL polyethylene container, and 967 mL of fresh water (15 ° C.) is added thereto, stirred and dissolved, and the solid content concentration of sulfate is 18 g / L (an aqueous solution of about 0.05 mol / L). This mixed aqueous solution was used to test the effect of controlling moss and algae on a golf course nasserie putting green.The green is commonly called sand green, and the floor sand is based on river sand. The seeds are pen cloth, and the green was full of moss and algae and covered pen cloth under humid summer conditions, and water-soluble phosphoric acid (WP 2 O 5 in floor sand). ) When measuring the concentration It was filtered 0.54~0.70mg / 100g dry soil.
[0022]
The spraying was performed as follows. Assuming that W—P 2 O 5 is all orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), the reaction and product of sulfate and orthophosphoric acid are
Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2H 3 PO 4 + 8H 2 O → 2FePO 4・ 4H 2 O + 3H 2 SO 4
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2H 3 PO 4 + 8H 2 O → 2AlPO 4・ 4H 2 O + 3H 2 SO 4
It is. If the specific gravity of the floor sand in the green is 1.8, the thickness is 10 cm, and the water content is 10%, the average value of W-P 2 O 5 per 1 m 2 is about 1.0 g (0.07 as P 2 O 5). mol, of about 0.014 mol / m 2 in orthophosphoric acid conversion. on the other hand, to fix the total water-soluble phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 1 mol 0.5 mol (W-P 2 O 5 Equimolar to Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and / or Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3, so that the 0.05 mol / L aqueous solution prepared above is diluted 5 times. , Sprayed 5L (approx. 70% of the reaction equivalent) per 1m 2 with a sprayer.Test spraying area was prepared 24m 2 (2m × 12m) 2 zones (test zone A and target zone) .Control of moss and algae in the target zone Table 1 shows the results of calculating the control rate of moss and algae in test area A when the rate was 0% and 1 week after spraying. Table 2 shows the results of analysis of the W-P 2 O 5 concentration.
[0023]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
As a result of confirming the effect one week after spraying in Example 1, the moss and algae in the test area caused phosphorus deficiency and died, and they were dried and contracted by the sun rays and scattered by the wind and almost disappeared. However, the uncontrollable part of moss and algae and the yellowing of the lower leaves of turfgrass were confirmed. This is because the sprayed sample is a liquid, so that it is difficult to spray on the sprayed area on average, and spraying unevenness occurs. In particular, yellowing of turfgrass is considered to be phosphorus deficiency due to an excessive supply of water-soluble sulfate.
[0026]
[Example 2]
While rotating 53.2 kg of a dried natural zeolite mainly composed of commercially available mordenite shown in Table 3 with a mortar mixer (rotation speed 300 rpm), aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 18H 2 was previously prepared. O) 3.3 kg of fresh water was dissolved in 3.5 L of fresh water, and adsorbed and adsorbed on natural zeolite while being added and mixed to prepare a composition for controlling moss and algae. The concentration of this composition is set so that 0.005 mol of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is contained in 60 g. This composition had no hindrance to spraying on the golf course green with a spreader. Three test sections having an area of 24 m 2 (2 m × 12 m) were installed on the same moss and algae-producing green as in Example 1. The test area A was a 60 g spraying area per 1 m 2 , and the test area B was a 30 g spraying area per 1 m 2 . Table 1 shows the results of calculating the control rate of moss and algae when the moss / algae control in the target area is 0% and one week has passed after spraying. Table 2 shows the result of analyzing the concentration of WP 2 O 5 in the bed sand.
[0027]
[Table 3]
[Example 3]
While rotating 52 kg of commercially available calcined mordenite shown in Table 4 with a mortar mixer (rotation speed: 300 rpm), commercially available ferric sulfate hydrate [Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .nH 2 O; Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Content 60% or more] A moss / algae control composition was prepared by osmotic adsorption on calcined mordenite while adding and mixing a solution of 3.3 kg in 4.7 L of clear water. The concentration of this composition was set so that 0.005 mol of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 was contained in 60 g. A test plot was set up under the same conditions as in Example 2, test plot A was sprayed at 60 g per m 2 , test plot B was sprayed at 30 g per m 2 , and a non-sprayed target plot was provided for comparison. Table 1 shows the results of calculating the control rate of moss and algae when the moss / algae control in the target area is 0% and one week has passed after spraying. Table 2 shows the result of analyzing the concentration of WP 2 O 5 in the bed sand.
[0029]
[Table 4]
In Example 2 and Example 3, when the effect 1 week after spraying was confirmed, the remarkable control effect of the moss and algae of a test area was confirmed. Compared with Example 1, the effect was somewhat slow, but yellowing of turfgrass due to uneven spraying was hardly observed, and judged to be superior to Example 1 in terms of uniform dispersibility and safety during spraying. it can.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
It can effectively control moss and algae generated in turfgrass. In particular, a product obtained by adsorbing a water-soluble sulfate of iron and / or a water-soluble sulfate of aluminum to a granular porous material does not adversely affect turfgrass.
Claims (5)
必要に応じてｐＨが酸性又は中性の粉粒状の多孔質物質に吸着させて、芝草にはリン欠乏症を発生させずに、予め測定した対象土中の水溶性リン酸量との反応当量に相当する量の０．３〜１．０倍の量を対象土に適用することを特徴とする芝草地に発生するコケ・藻類の防除用組成物。Water-soluble sulfate of iron for the control of moss and algae generated in turfgrass through chemical reaction with water-soluble phosphate and / or water-soluble phosphate in the target soil And a composition for controlling moss and algae containing at least one of water-soluble sulfates of aluminum,
Adsorb to an acidic or neutral powdery porous material if necessary, so that turfgrass does not cause phosphorus deficiency, and the reaction equivalent to the amount of water-soluble phosphoric acid in the target soil measured in advance A composition for controlling moss and algae generated in turfgrass, characterized by applying an amount 0.3 to 1.0 times the corresponding amount to the target soil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26960597A JP4009355B2 (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1997-10-02 | Composition and method for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26960597A JP4009355B2 (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1997-10-02 | Composition and method for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11106305A JPH11106305A (en) | 1999-04-20 |
| JP4009355B2 true JP4009355B2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI243687B (en) | 1998-04-21 | 2005-11-21 | Teijin Ltd | Pharmaceutical composition for application to mucosa |
| FR2826836A3 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-10 | Serge Barbieux | Compositions for killing moss on lawns, comprising ferrous sulfate-sulfuric acid complex as active ingredient |
| JP2006206560A (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-10 | Maruwa Biochemical Co Ltd | Method for controlling bryophytes with both iron ion and light metal ion |
| JP2007037519A (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-15 | Maruwa Biochemical Co Ltd | Technology for controlling bryophyte and alga on lawn field |
| JP7011313B2 (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2022-01-26 | 住化農業資材株式会社 | Soil covering material for raising seedlings |
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| JPH11106305A (en) | 1999-04-20 |
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