JP3884284B2 - Laying deep water intake pipes - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for laying a deep water intake pipe in which the deep water intake pipe is disposed in a dry state up to the water intake depth, and in particular, the deep water intake pipe is easy to detach and to be easily constructed at the water intake depth. It relates to the method of laying water pipes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Deep sea water collected at a depth of 200 m or more is excellent in eutrophication, cleanliness, low temperature stability, ripening property, etc., and has high value as a marine resource. As such a deep sea water intake method, the intake pipe is arranged along the sea bottom to the deep water intake depth, the end of the intake pipe is attached to the intake pump constructed on the ground, and water is taken in by pumping up. Is common.
[0003]
In the prior art, a intake pipe made of hard polyethylene may be used, but it is preferable to use a steel pipe in consideration of durability and strength. However, when laying work is performed in a state where the steel pipe is filled with seawater, the weight in water becomes heavy, so a great tensile force is required, which is disadvantageous in terms of workability and economy.
[0004]
For this reason, it is desirable that the tip of the intake pipe be sealed with a lid so that the inside of the pipe is in a dry state, and the weight in water is reduced using buoyancy. Conventionally, a method of laying a submarine pipe with the inside of the pipe in a dry state is known. However, when applied to the laying of a deep-sea water intake pipe, removal of the lid at the intake depth becomes a problem. In other words, the lid removal work is generally done by diver work after laying is completed, but since the intake depth of the deep sea water is 200m or deeper, it is impossible at the work depth of 30m or less by the normal diver. In addition, divers and diving equipment with special skills are required and the cost is high.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention was made to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and the depth of intake of the deep water in the deep water intake pipe is dry without requiring diver work near the intake depth of the deep sea water. The purpose is to make it easy to lay water and take in deep sea water.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
(1) The first invention is a method of laying a deep water intake pipe 2 along the sea bottom 1, via a water stop material 4 that is compressible and deformable at a water intake 2 a at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2. The water stop lid 3 is disposed by a locking mechanism in which a locking claw 12a that engages with a notch-shaped hooking portion 15 provided on the outer periphery of the deep water intake pipe 2 is provided. attached to the intake 2a, after the tube portion deep water intake pipe 2 is laid up intake depth deep water in the dry state, by the internal pressure at the tip of the deep seawater intake pipe 2 higher than the outside pressure of intake depth The water-stop cover 3 is detached, and deep water can be taken.
(2) In the second invention, in the method of laying the deep water intake pipe 2 along the sea bottom 1, the water stop lid 3 is disposed at the water intake 2a at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2, and this A rope fixing means 17 is provided at the end of the deep water intake pipe 2 on the ground side, and the rope 16 inserted through the rope fixture 3a provided inside the water stop lid 3 is tensioned inside the deep water intake pipe 2. The process of attaching the water stop lid 3 to the water inlet 2a by fixing to the rope fixing means 17, and the laying of the deep water intake pipe 2 with the rope 16 fixed are started, and the water intake 2a is at least 10 to 30 m in depth. The rope 16 is kept fixed until it reaches the shallow water area, and then the rope 16 is released at a depth deeper than the shallow water area, and the water stop cover 3 is held at the external water pressure, thereby maintaining the dry state inside the pipe. Hold deep water intake pipe 2 deep water Laying up to the water intake depth, and at the deep water intake depth, the pipe internal pressure at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 is made higher than the external water pressure at the water depth, and the water stop lid 3 can be detached to take in the deep water. And a step of performing.
(3) The third invention is a method of laying the deep water intake pipe 2 along the sea bottom 1 and disposing the water stop lid 3 at the intake port 2a at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 and this deep layer. The step of depressurizing the inside of the deep water intake pipe 2 by exhausting from the end on the ground side of the water intake pipe 2 to adsorb the water stop lid 3 to the water inlet 2a; In this state, laying of the deep water intake pipe 2 is started, and the decompression inside the deep water intake pipe 2 is maintained until the intake port 2a reaches at least a shallow water area having a depth of 10 to 30 m. Suspending the exhaust from the end on the ground side and holding the water stop lid 3 at an external water pressure to maintain the dry state inside the pipe and lay the deep water intake pipe 2 to the deep water intake depth And at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 at the deep water intake depth And a step of making the internal pressure higher than the external water pressure at the depth of water to disengage the water blocking lid 3 and enabling the intake of deep water .
(4) The fourth invention relates to a method of laying the deep water intake pipe 2 along the sea bottom 1, and temporarily fixing the water stop lid 3 with the bolt 19 to the water intake 2 a at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2. And the laying of the deep water intake pipe 2 is started with the water stop lid 2a temporarily fixed, and the bolt 19 is removed by diver work when the intake port 2a reaches a shallow water area with a water depth of 10 to 30 m. Holds the water stop lid 3 at an external water pressure, maintains the dry state inside the pipe and lays the deep water intake pipe 2 to the deep water intake depth, and the deep water intake pipe at the deep water intake depth And the step of making the internal pressure of the pipe 3 higher than the external water pressure of the water depth to release the water stop lid 3 and enabling the intake of deep water .
( 5 ) In the fifth invention, in the first to fourth inventions, water is poured into the deep water intake pipe 2 so that the water level is higher than the sea level, and a water head difference H is generated between the water surface in the pipe and the sea surface. the Rukoto is characterized that you the internal pressure of the tip of the deep seawater intake pipe 2 higher than the outside pressure.
(6) Sixth aspect, in the first to fourth inventions, after injection into deep water intake pipe 2, by increasing the internal pressure in the closed state of the ground side end of the deep water intake pipe 2 The internal pressure at the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 is made higher than the external water pressure .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
<First Embodiment>
Fig.1 (a) is the figure which showed the front-end | tip part of the deep water intake pipe 2 of this invention. The tip of the intake pipe main body 2b made of a steel pipe is closed, and a rope attachment portion 2c for inserting a towing rope 7 extending from the winch 6 on the work boat 5 is welded and fixed to the closed portion. If the deep water intake pipe 2 and the winch 6 are connected so that both ends of the tow rope 7 are arranged on the work ship 5 side and the tow rope 7 is folded back by the rope mounting portion 2c of the deep water intake pipe, the tow rope 7 This is preferable because it is easy to recover.
[0008]
In addition, a water intake port 2a made of a steel pipe having the same diameter as the water intake pipe main body 2b is branched upward from the water intake pipe main body 2b. A water stop lid 3 for sealing the water intake port 2a is fixed to the water intake port 2a. And in order to protect the water intake portion, prevent falling when laying the water intake pipe, and ensuring the water intake height at the time of water intake, a protector 8 having a steel pipe framed in a triangular pyramid shape surrounds the front end of the water intake pipe body 2b and the water intake 2a. Thus, it is attached by band fastening or welding. The intake pipe main body 2b may be bent as it is to form the intake port 2a, and a member for attaching the rope may be attached to the inflection portion together with the protector [not shown].
[0009]
FIG.1 (b) is a vertical side view which shows the state at the time of laying of the deep water intake pipe 2 in this invention. In the present invention, the tow rope 7 attached to the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 using a steel pipe is wound around the winch 6 on the work ship 5 and the deep water intake pipe 2 is towed by moving the work ship 5 and driving the winch. Laying up to deep water intake depth (water depth of 200m or more). The deep water intake pipe 2 towed by the work ship 5 is welded and lengthened along with the laying extension at a pipe yard [not shown] provided on the ground, and moves on the roller 21 to the seabed. Launch. In addition, when the buoyancy of the deep water intake pipe 2 is too large, the buoyancy is adjusted so that the weight in water becomes almost zero by means such as applying concrete coating to the deep water intake pipe 2 or adjusting the thickness of the steel pipe. .
[0010]
In the present invention, when the deep water intake pipe 2 is laid, the water stop lid 3 is fixed to the water intake 2a, and the inside of the pipe is kept dry until the water intake depth. The water stop lid 3 fixed to the water intake port 2a has the water stop cover 3 attached to the water intake port 2a by the fixing means until the outside water pressure keeps the water stop property of the water stop cover 3 and does not fall. Attached and held on. The shallow water area has a water depth of about 10 m to 30 m in consideration of the diameter and inclination of the water intake 2 a, the weight of the water blocking lid 3, the impact at the time of laying, and the safety factor. And if it becomes more than the water depth which can press-hold the water stop cover 3 only with external water pressure, even if the water stop means is cancelled, the water stop cover 3 is pressed against the water intake port 2a by the external water pressure and keeps the close contact state. The deep water intake pipe 2 can be laid as it is.
[0011]
As a means for fastening the water intake port 2a and the water stop lid 3, for example, the water intake port 2a and the water stop lid 3 are bonded with a low-strength adhesive having weakened adhesive force, such as synthetic resin or rubber adhesive. Here, the low-strength adhesive means that the adhesive layer 9 having a strength capable of holding off the adhesive force in a shallow water area and easily peeling off when the internal pressure of the deep water intake pipe 2 is increased. It means the adhesive to be formed. In the synthetic resin adhesive, the adhesive strength can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of the main agent and the curing agent. In addition, if it becomes deeper than a shallow water area, even if an adhesive layer is destroyed by external water pressure, it is only necessary to ensure water-stopping.
[0012]
FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a fixing means of the water blocking lid 3. This fastening means arranges a water-stopping material 4 such as water-stopping rubber, which is compressible and deformable, between the water inlet 2a and the water-stopping lid 3, and the water-stopping material 4, the water intake 2a and the water-stopping lid 3 are It is formed by bonding with a low-strength adhesive 9.
[0013]
In the above fastening means, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), in the shallow water area, the water intake 2a and the water stop lid 3 are bonded and fixed by the low strength adhesive 9 with the water stop material 4 held between them. . Since the external water pressure P increases as the water depth increases, the water stop lid 3 is pressed against the intake port 2a by the external water pressure P as shown in FIG. At this time, the water-stopping material 4 pressed by the water-stopping lid 3 is deformed so as to be crushed outward, and shear force acts on the adhesive layer 9 to weaken the adhesive force between the water intake port 2a and the water-stopping lid 3, The adhesive strength is lost. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the water stop lid 3 can be easily detached by increasing the internal pressure (P + ΔP) of the deep water intake pipe 2 above the external water pressure (P) at the deep water intake depth. It is like that.
[0014]
When the deep water intake pipe 2 reaches the intake depth, one end of the tow rope 7 fixed to the work ship is dropped into the sea, and the other end is pulled by the winch 6 of the work ship 5 to collect the tow rope 7. . Then, as described above, the internal pressure of the deep water intake pipe 2 is made higher than the external water pressure of the water depth and the water stop lid 3 is detached, so that the laying of the deep water intake pipe 2 is completed and deep water can be taken in. Become.
[0015]
Here, as a method for detaching the water blocking lid 3, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the water level injected into the deep water intake pipe 2 is made higher than the sea level 10 to generate a head difference H, The water stop lid 3 can be detached by making the pipe internal pressure at the tip of the water intake pipe 2 higher than the external water pressure. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), after the water is poured into the deep water intake pipe 2, the water stop lid 3 may be detached by sealing the ground side pipe end and increasing the pipe internal pressure by the pump 11. . In addition, the separation confirmation of the water stop lid can be easily performed by reducing the water head difference H in the example of FIG. 3A and decreasing the pressure gauge of the pump 11 in the example of FIG.
[0016]
Second Embodiment
FIG. 4 is a view showing a fastening means for the water intake 2a and the water stop lid 3 of the second embodiment. The fixing means of the second embodiment is provided with a set of locking mechanisms that can be released by compressive deformation of the water stop material 4 sandwiched between the end of the water intake port 2a and the water stop cover 3 on the water stop cover. is there. In the following embodiments, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 4A, in the second embodiment, two locking pieces 12 having locking claws 12 a protruding from one side surface of the tip are pin-coupled 13 to the outer periphery of the water-stopping lid 3. The locking mechanism is configured. The locking piece 12 is axially fixed to the water blocking lid 3 so that the locking claw 12a faces inward at a line-symmetrical position with respect to the center of the water blocking lid 3. A spring 14 is attached between the locking claw 12a of each locking piece and the pin joint portion 13 so as to face each other inward.
[0018]
On the other hand, a compressible and deformable water stop material 4 such as a water stop rubber is disposed at the end of the water intake port 2a, and the water stop material 4 is inserted between the water intake port 2a and the water stop cover 3. It has become. In addition, two cutout hooks 15 are provided on the outer periphery of the water intake port 2a at positions corresponding to the locking claws 12a. In addition, the length from the edge part of the water intake 2a to the hook part 15 is set to the length in which the water blocking material 4 is slightly compressed in a state in which the latching claw 12a is engaged with the hook part 15.
[0019]
FIG.4 (b) is the figure which showed the fastening state of the fastening means of 2nd Embodiment in a shallow water area from laying start. While the locking claw 12a of the locking piece and the hooking portion 15 of the water intake port 2a are engaged, the water blocking lid 3 is pressed outward by the restoring force of the compressed water blocking material 4, so that the water blocking lid 3 is closely fixed to the water intake 2a.
[0020]
FIG.4 (c) is the figure which showed the state of the fixing means of 2nd Embodiment in deeper than a shallow water area. Outside the shallow water area, the external water pressure increases, and the water stop material 4 pressed against the water stop lid 3 by the external water pressure P is compressed and deformed so as to be crushed, and the water stop cover 3 is pressed against the water intake port 2a and fixed tightly. . When the waterstop material 4 is further compressed and deformed, the waterstop 3 is pressed toward the water intake side so that the locking claw 12a is detached from the hooking portion 15 and is moved by the spring 14 provided inside the locking piece 12. Since the locking piece 12 is urged outward, the engagement between the locking claw 12a of the locking piece and the hooking portion 15 of the water intake port 2a is released. Even after the engagement is released, the water stop lid 3 is hermetically held with the water intake port 2a by the external water pressure P. And in the deep water intake depth, the water stop lid | cover 3 can be easily detached by making the internal pressure of the deep water intake pipe 2 higher than an external water pressure.
[0021]
<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 5 is a view showing a temporary fixing means between the water intake port 2a and the water stop lid 3 of the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, a long pipe is manufactured in advance on the ground. This long pipe is a length that can be laid at a water depth that allows the water stop lid 3 to be pressed and held by the external water pressure P by extending the fixed pipe by welding. On the inner side (water intake side) of the water stop lid 3, a rope attachment portion 3a for inserting the fixing rope 16 is provided. On the other hand, a rope insertion hole 17a is opened at the ground side end of the long pipe 2d obtained by elongating the deep water intake pipe 2, and a rope fixing part 17b in which one end of the anchoring rope is fixed to the inside of the pipe. A lid 17 having the same is attached. Further, the lid 17 is provided with a locking mechanism 20 with a spring.
[0022]
Then, the fastening rope 16 is turned back by inserting the rope attaching portion 3a of the water-stopping lid, and a tensile force is introduced into the fastening rope 16 through the rope insertion hole 17a of the lid, and the locking mechanism 20 with spring is engaged. The water intake 2a and the water stop lid 3 are fixed. In the middle of laying, when the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 reaches a depth at which the external water pressure is sufficient to hold the water stop cover 3, the fixing rope 16 is released and the long pipe 2d Remove the lid 17 at the end on the ground side. At this time, even if the temporary fixing means is released, the water stop lid 3 is kept in close contact with the external water pressure. Then, laying is continued while extending the deep water intake pipe 2 in the pipe yard 22 on the ground. When the deep water intake pipe 2 reaches the intake depth, the inner pressure of the deep water intake pipe 2 is increased from the external water pressure, and the water stop lid 3 is detached.
[0023]
<Fourth embodiment>
FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a temporary fixing means for the water intake port 2a and the water stop lid 3 of the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, a long tube 2d similar to that in the third embodiment is used. A lid 18 to which a pipe communicating with the vacuum pump 23 is attached in a sealed state at the end of the long pipe 2d on the ground side, and the inside of the sealed deep water intake pipe 2 is decompressed by the vacuum pump 23. As a result, the water stop lid 3 can be adsorbed and fixed to the water intake 2a. In the middle of laying, when the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 reaches a depth at which the external water pressure is sufficient to hold the water blocking lid 3, the pressure reduction by the vacuum pump 23 is stopped and the lid 18 is removed. Even when the lid 18 is removed, the water stop lid 3 can be kept in close contact with the external water pressure. Subsequent laying work and removal work of the water blocking lid are the same as in the above embodiment.
[0024]
<Fifth Embodiment>
FIG. 7 is a view showing a fastening means between the water intake port 2a and the water stop lid 3 of the fifth embodiment. In the fifth embodiment, in the shallow water area where the water stop lid can be pressed and held only by the external water pressure from the start of laying, the water intake port 2a and the water stop cover 3 are temporarily fixed by bolting. Then, when the tip of the deep water intake pipe 2 reaches a depth at which the external water pressure is sufficient to hold the water stop lid 3, the bolt 19 is removed by diver work, and the water stop lid 3 is removed only by the external water pressure. It is to be tightly fixed. In this case, the diver operation is performed in a shallow water area having a water depth of about 10 m to 30 m, and can be relatively easily performed by a normal diver.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
In the laying method of the deep water intake pipe of the present invention, the deep water intake pipe is laid while maintaining the inside of the deep water intake pipe in a dry state by the water stop lid provided at the water intake at the tip. Therefore, since the underwater weight of the intake pipe can be reduced using buoyancy at the time of laying, the drawing force of the intake pipe can be reduced and the construction can be facilitated.
[0026]
Further, the water-stop cover is a fixing means that prevents dropping in shallow water from the start of laying in the middle of laying, and is tightly fixed to the water intake with a low-strength adhesive or temporary fixing means, and then is in close contact with at least an external water pressure. The deep water intake pipe is laid to the deep water intake depth. After laying the deep water intake pipe, water can be injected into the intake pipe, and a high pressure can be applied by the external water pressure to easily remove the water stop lid to enable water intake. Therefore, a special diver for deep sea is not required, and laying work with high economy and safety can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 (a) is a view showing a tip portion of a deep water intake pipe of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a longitudinal side view showing a state when the deep water intake pipe is laid in the present invention.
FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c) are views of fastening means constituted by adhering a water stop material, a water intake port and a water stop lid with a low-strength adhesive as an example of the first embodiment. It is.
FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a case where a water stop lid is detached due to a water head difference, and FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a case where a water stop lid is detached by a pump.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a fixing means for a water intake port and a water stop cover according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a fixing means for a water intake port and a water stop cover according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a fixing means for a water intake port and a water stop cover according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a view showing a fixing means for a water intake port and a water stop cover according to a fifth embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sea bottom 2 Deep water intake pipe 2a Intake port 2b Intake pipe main body 2c Rope attachment part 2d Long pipe 3 Water stop cover 3a Rope fixing tool 4 Water stop material (water stop rubber)
5 Work ship 6 Winch 7 Towing rope 8 Protector 9 Adhesive layer (adhesive)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Sea surface 11 Pump 12 Locking piece 12a Locking claw 13 Pin joint part 14 Spring 15 Hooking part 16 Fastening rope 17 Cover (rope fixing means)
17a Rope insertion hole 17b Rope fixing part 18 Lid 19 Bolt 19a Nut 20 Locking mechanism with spring 21 Roller 22 Pipe yard 23 Vacuum pump

Claims (6)

In the method of laying a deep water intake pipe along the sea bottom, a deep water intake pipe is disposed through a water stop material that is compressively deformable at a water intake at a tip of the deep water intake pipe, and the deep water intake pipe The water stop lid is attached to the water intake port by a locking mechanism in which a locking claw that engages with a notch-shaped hook portion provided on the outer periphery of the water intake port, and the deep water intake pipe is dry inside the pipe. In this state, after laying up to the deep water intake depth, the internal pressure at the tip of the deep water intake pipe is made higher than the external water pressure at the water depth, so that the water stop lid is detached, and deep water can be taken in. A method for laying deep water intake pipes. In the method of laying a deep water intake pipe along the sea bottom, a water stop lid is disposed at the water intake at the tip of the deep water intake pipe, and a rope fixing means is provided on the ground side end of the deep water intake pipe. The rope inserted through a rope fixture provided inside the water stop lid is tensioned inside the deep water intake pipe and fixed to the rope fixing means, thereby fixing the water stop lid to the water intake port. Starting the laying of the deep water intake pipe with the rope being fixed, and the rope being fixed until the intake reaches a shallow water area of at least 10 to 30 m in depth, and then the shallow The step of laying the deep water intake pipe to the deep water intake depth while maintaining the dry state inside the pipe by releasing the fixation of the rope at a water depth deeper than the water area and holding the water stop lid at an external water pressure And deep A step of making the internal pressure at the tip of the deep water intake pipe higher than the external water pressure of the water depth at the water intake depth and releasing the water stop lid to enable the intake of deep water. To lay deep water intake pipes. In the method of laying a deep water intake pipe along the sea bottom, by disposing a water stop lid at the water intake at the tip of the deep water intake pipe and exhausting from the ground side end of the deep water intake pipe Reducing the pressure inside the deep water intake pipe and causing the water stop lid to be adsorbed to the water intake; and starting laying the deep water intake pipe with the water stop lid being adsorbed to the water intake; The decompression inside the deep water intake pipe is maintained until the intake reaches a shallow water area of at least 10 to 30 m in depth, and then the exhaust from the end on the ground side is stopped at the water depth deeper than the shallow water area and the stop is stopped. The step of laying the deep water intake pipe to the deep water intake depth while maintaining the dry state inside the pipe by holding the water lid at the external water pressure, and the tip of the deep water intake pipe at the deep water intake depth Depth of water intake in the pipe And higher than the outside pressure to disengage the waterproofing cover, laying method deep water intake pipes, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: enabling intake of deep water, the. In the method of laying a deep water intake pipe along the sea bottom, in the state where the water stop cover is temporarily fixed with a bolt to the intake port at the tip of the deep water intake pipe, and the water stop cover is temporarily fixed By starting the laying of the deep water intake pipe, removing the bolt by diver work when the intake reaches a shallow water area of 10 to 30 m in depth, and then holding the water stop lid at an external water pressure, The process of laying the deep water intake pipe to the deep water intake depth while maintaining the dry state inside the pipe, and the internal pressure at the tip of the deep water intake pipe at the deep water intake depth from the external water pressure of the water depth A method of laying a deep water intake pipe, comprising: elevating the water stop lid to allow the deep water to be taken in. Pouring water as the water level in the deep water intake pipe is higher than the sea level, the Rukoto cause water head difference between the water surface and the sea surface in the tube, the internal pressure of the tip of the deep seawater intake pipe outer water pressure laying method deep water intake pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that you higher. After injection into the deep seawater intake pipe, by increasing the internal pressure in the closed state of the ground side end of the deep water intake pipe, the internal pressure of the tip of the deep seawater intake pipe above the outer water pressure The method for laying a deep water intake pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4 .

Images