JP3643485B2 - Carbon fiber for chopping and desizing knitted fabric - Google Patents
Carbon fiber for chopping and desizing knitted fabric Download PDFInfo
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- JP3643485B2 JP3643485B2 JP21906498A JP21906498A JP3643485B2 JP 3643485 B2 JP3643485 B2 JP 3643485B2 JP 21906498 A JP21906498 A JP 21906498A JP 21906498 A JP21906498 A JP 21906498A JP 3643485 B2 JP3643485 B2 JP 3643485B2
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000009990 desizing Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyoxyethylene group Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はサイズ組成物を付着してカットした炭素繊維を紙・不織布、強化コンクリート、電池用電極材等など水を媒体として製造される製品に用いること及び水で容易に除去できる脱サイズ編織物用炭素繊維に関するものである。より詳しくは特定の界面活性剤と特定の水溶性熱可塑性樹脂を含むサイズ組成物を付着した、取り扱い性、繊維加工性、水分散性、脱サイズ特性に優れ、かつ水環境汚染を惹起しないチョップ用及び脱サイズ編織物用炭素繊維に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、水溶性界面活性剤、グリセリン、エチレンオキシドの重合物、ポリビニールアルコール、水溶性ナイロンなどの化合物をサイズ剤として付着した炭素繊維がある。
【0003】
これらのサイズ剤を付着した炭素繊維は長さ数〜十数mmにカットされ、チョップとしてそのままセメントに混和したり、電池の電極材として用いられたり、水媒体に分散して紙や不織布に加工した後、各種の樹脂を母材として複合材料にして強さや剛性を高めたり、電磁波遮蔽材、面発熱体、腐食抵抗材などとして利用されている。さらに、該炭素繊維は各種編織物などに繊維加工され、そのまま、または水媒体とする樹脂系、例えば、フェノール系樹脂の水溶液に浸漬した後樹脂を含浸させてプレプリグにして木質系の材料の強化材として、また該繊維加工品を水で脱サイズして編織物にした後、各種の樹脂、例えばエポキシ、ポリイミド、ナイロン等熱硬化性、または熱可塑性樹脂と複合化した複合材料として使用されている。
【0004】
これらのサイズ剤付着炭素繊維はサイズ剤が水に溶解して繊維から離脱して、単繊維の一本一本が水媒体中に均一に分散できるので紙や不織布などに加工するには適しているが、炭素繊維の集束性や編織りなどの加工性は十分ではなく、繊維の取り扱い性、カット時の炭素繊維の単繊維の飛散による環境汚染や、衛生面で問題となっている。また、該繊維を編織などに繊維加工する製織工程において毛羽が発生するために製織速度を低くせざるを得ない上に、得られた製品の表面に毛羽立ちが目立つなど品質不良品になりやすい問題があった。
【0005】
また、これらのサイズ剤を付着した炭素繊維やその編織物を水媒体で紙などに加工したり脱サイズする場合、水に溶けだしたサイズ剤が水中のBODなどを上昇させて水を汚染するため、多大の費用をかけて水を浄化しなければならなかった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような水溶性サイズ剤を付着した炭素繊維の取り扱い性やカット時の環境汚染、繊維加工性に劣る問題や水環境を汚染する問題は、未だ十分には解決されていない。
【0007】
そこで、本発明は、取り扱い性がよく、カットの際の毛羽の飛散による環境汚染が低く、また、編織などの繊維加工をしても品質の良い加工品を得ることができ、且つ水環境を汚染しないサイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決する手段】
本発明者等はかかる従来の問題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、特定のHLBと特定の炭素数のアルキル基を有し且つポリオキシエチレン基またはポリオキシエチレン基とポリプロピレンオキシド基を結合した界面活性剤の一種以上とポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂を含むサイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維は、環境汚染なくカットでき、また、取り扱い性や編織などの繊維加工に優れているだけでなく、該炭素繊維を水に浸漬した場合、水中に溶けだした該サイズ組成物が水環境汚染を惹起しない生分解性を有することを発見し、これらの繊維を用いることによって前記問題点を解消できることを見い出し、本発明に至った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明のサイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維は、HLB値が9〜17であり且つポリオキシエチレン基と炭素数が8〜18のアルキル基からなる界面活性剤または該界面活性剤にポリプロピレンオキシド基を結合した界面活性剤の一種以上を10〜50重量%とポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂50〜90重量%からなるサイズ組成物を0.2〜5重量%付着した炭素繊維からなる。
【0010】
本発明の炭素繊維はアクリロニトリル繊維またはアクリロニトリル系繊維、ピッチ、メゾフェースピッチ、フェノール樹脂繊維を原料とする炭素繊維に前記サイズ組成物を付着した繊維であり、環境汚染なくカットでき、取り扱い性や繊維加工性に優れているだけでなく、生物分解性であるので水環境汚染を惹起しないという特徴を有する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0012】
サイズ組成物
本発明で使用されるサイズ組成物は、HLB値が9〜17であり且つポリオキシエチレン基と炭素数が8〜18のアルキル基からなる界面活性剤または該界面活性剤にポリプロピレンオキシド基を結合した界面活性剤の一種以上とポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂を含むサイズ組成物と定義される。
【0013】
本発明のサイズ組成物に使用されるHLB値が9〜17であり且つポリオキシエチレン基と炭素数が8〜18のアルキル基からなり且つHLB値が9〜17である界面活性剤または該界面活性剤にポリプロピレンオキシド基を結合した界面活性剤は、アルキルアルコールにエチレンオキシドを付加重合するか、エチレンオキシドとプロピレンオキシドを付加して得られるものであり、その付加量はHLB値が9〜17になるようにする。HLBが9以下の場合は水溶解性が低下するため、水媒体でのサイズ浴を作りにくくなり、また、水での該炭素繊維からの脱サイズが困難になるので好ましくない。ここで、HLB値はポリエチレンオキシド成分の分子量を界面活性剤の分子量で除した値に20を乗じて求めた値である。HLBが9〜17であって炭素数が8未満である界面活性剤の場合、付着した炭素繊維の滑りが低下し、繊維加工性が低くなるので好ましくない。また、HLBが9〜17であって炭素数が18超である界面活性剤の場合、サイズ組成物の水溶解性が低下し、サイズ組成物の水溶液を作りにくくするので好ましくない。しかし、本発明の界面活性剤は水中で生分解性を有するために水環境保全には良好である。また、これらの化合物としては例えば松本油脂製薬(株)製商品名BF−021、BF−022、BF−023などがある。
【0014】
本発明のサイズ組成物に使用されるポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂は、特に、日本合成化学工業(株)製商品があり、生物分解性を有する25℃で固体で水に溶解性のあるものが炭素繊維に付着した場合に繊維の集束性が向上するだけでなく適度の硬さと柔軟性のものにできるので好ましい。それらは特に、日本合成化学工業(株)製商品のエコマティAX2000、エコマティAX400TN、エコマティAX300、エコマティーAX50などである。また、これらの化合物は水中で生分解性を有するために水環境を汚染しないものである。
【0015】
本発明のサイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維に使用されるサイズ組成物は、構成する各成分の割合が、好ましくは、界面活性剤が10〜50重量%、水溶性熱可塑性樹脂が50〜90重量%である。
【0016】
前記サイズ組成物を構成する界面活性剤が10重量%以下の場合は、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の摩擦抵抗が大きくなり炭素繊維を編織などの繊維加工する際に単繊維の切断を惹起し加工性が低下するので好ましくない。50重量%を超える場合は、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の単繊維間の集束性が低下し、カットしてチョップを作る際に環境汚染を惹起し、また、炭素繊維の編織などの加工性が低下し毛羽が発生するので好ましくない。
【0017】
前記サイズ組成物を構成するポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂が50重量%以下の場合、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の単繊維間の集束性が低下するため炭素繊維の編織などの加工性が低下するので好ましくない。90重量%超の場合サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の硬くなり柔軟性がなくなるとともに、繊維加工性が低下するので好ましくない。
【0018】
前記サイズ組成物の炭素繊維に付着する量は、付着した炭素繊維に対して0.2〜5重量%とすることが、炭素繊維の適度の硬さ、取り扱い性やカットや編織などの繊維加工するに適するだけでなく水汚染などの環境汚染を惹起させないために好ましい。
【0019】
前記サイズ組成物の炭素繊維に付着する量が0.2重量%未満の場合は、炭素繊維の集束性が低下しカットの際に単繊維が飛散したり、製織の際に毛羽立つので好ましくない。また、付着量が5重量%超の場合は、繊維が硬くなりすぎてカットした繊維により紙、不織布を作製する際に、繊維を水中に均一に分散することが困難になり、また、製織においても繊維が硬すぎて製織が難しくなるので好ましくない。
【0020】
前記サイズ組成物には、本発明の界面活性剤の他に公知の水溶性化合物を、本発明の炭素繊維の集束性、摩擦特性、微生物固着特性をそこなわない限り混合して使うことが出来る。
【0021】
炭素繊維
本発明で使用される炭素繊維は、アクリル繊維、ピッチ、メゾフェースピッチ、を酸素などの酸化性ガス雰囲気中、加熱炉などの公知の炉を用いて酸化し得た酸化繊維およびフェノール樹脂繊維を800℃以上の不活性ガス中で炭素化して得られるアクリロニトリル系(PAN系という)、ピッチ系、メゾフェースピッチ系、フェノール系炭素繊維であり、の直径が5〜10ミクロンm、引張強度が500MPa以上、引張弾性率が50GPa以上を有する公知の繊維であり、構成本数が1000〜1,000,000本のフィラメントおよびトウと称される繊維と定義される。
【0022】
前記サイズ組成物の炭素繊維への付着は、炭素繊維フィラメントに前記サイズ組成物の1〜50g/リットルの水溶液とし、この水溶液の浴に炭素繊維を浸漬するか水溶液を炭素繊維に滴下またはローラ表面に作った水溶液の被膜を転写するなどの公知の方法により付着する。
【0023】
前記炭素繊維のチョップは、前記サイズ組成物が付着された炭素繊維をギロチンカッターなどの公知の切断機で繊維の長さを1〜10mmにカットして作られる。
【0024】
本発明のサイズ剤付炭素繊維は単繊維の飛散のないカットが出来、さらに、カットして得たチョップは水分散性に優れているため炭素繊維が均一に含浸された紙や不織布、コンクリート構造物を、また、水を媒体とする樹脂との複合材を作れる。本発明の炭素繊維は毛羽立ちのない編織などの繊維加工品を効率よく作ることができるので良い作業環境を確保でき、かつ品質の優れた毛羽立ちのない加工品を低コストで作ることができ、該編織物を水で脱サイズできるので、脱サイズ編織物に公知の樹脂を母材とした品質の良い複合材料をつくるのに効果がある。
【0025】
【発明の実施の形態】
【0026】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り下記実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、特に指定しない限り%は重量%を意味する。
【0027】
なお、サイズ組成物の付着量は、付着した炭素繊維ストランドを110℃で十分に乾燥して、サイズ組成物の付着した繊維総重量(Wt)を測定し、サイズ脱落後の繊維重量(Wf)から、付着量(%)=(Wt−Wf)/WfX100として求めた。
【0028】
また、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の硬さや柔軟性は触感で判定した。
【0029】
水による脱サイズ性は25℃の水500ccを入れたビーカー3個を用意し、炭素繊維0.8g(HTA−12K(登録商標ベスファイト)の場合は1m)を約3cmの直径の輪にして1個目のビーカーの水に15秒つけた後5秒引き上げることを4回繰り返した後、次のビーカーの水で同様の操作を行い、さらに3個目のビーカーの水でも同様の操作を繰り返した後110℃で1時間乾燥して、脱サイズ前の重量(A)と脱サイズ後の重量(B)を測定し、脱サイズ量=(A)ー(B)/(B)×100として求めた。
【0030】
製織性は、受け渡し式レピア式製織機を用いて、経糸を炭素繊維ストランド、緯糸をポリエステル繊維として、経糸のアルミナ製ガイド(直径5mm)をとおして誘導して、織り幅120cm中に30cm幅のブロックごとに各サンプル炭素繊維ストランドを打ち込み本数1.3本/cmで、緯糸は打ち込み本数10本/cmで配置し、織速度20cm/分で製織試験し評価した。評価は織り長さ10mまでの、ガイドでの単繊維つまり程度、織機の下に脱落する単繊維量の程度、織物表面の毛羽立ちを目視判定した。
【0031】
水環境汚染は、水に溶解したサイズ剤の生分解性を調べた。すなわち、用意した5リットル広口ビンに、MLSSが6000mg/リットルのセルロース排水の活性汚泥水5リットルを入れ、これに該サイズ剤を溶解してBODの値を20mg/リットル増加し、この液中に100cc/分で空気をバブリングしながら、24時間処理したのち、BODを測定した。コントロールとして該サイズ剤を溶解しない試験を同様に行いその差を求め、差が少ない方が該サイズ剤に生分解性があることとした。
【0032】
〔実施例1〕
エチレンオキシドを炭素数が12のアルキルアルコールに付加し結合して得たHLBが15の界面活性剤20%とポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂エコマティAX2000(日本合成化学工業(株)製)80%からなるサイズ組成物(実施例1)、HLBが8以外は上記と同様にして得たサイズ組成物(比較例1)、HLBが18以外は上記と同様にして得たサイズ組成物(比較例2)のそれぞれ7.5グラムを85℃の温水1リットルに溶解して得た3種類のサイズ組成物水溶液を常温に冷却してサイズ浴に入れ、PAN系炭素繊維ストランド(東邦レーヨン(株)製商品名HTA−12000、繊維直径7ミクロンm、構成本数12000本、引張強度3780MPa、引張弾性率238GPa)を張力150グラムで浴内にジグザグに配置した5つのローラ(直径10cm)を1m/分の速度でとおして当該サイズ組成物を付着させて3種類のサンプルを各100mを得た。このサイズ組成物の生分解性、およびサイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の柔軟性、製織性を調べた。
【0033】
実施例1、比較例1、比較例2について、界面活性剤の水溶解性、サイズ組成物の生分解性、炭素繊維に付着したサイズ組成物の量、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の柔軟性、サイズ組成物の水脱落量を評価した。その結果をを表1に示す。
【0034】
【表1】
【0035】
また、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の製織試験結果(ガイド毛羽を表2に示す。
【0036】
【表2】
【0037】
表1、表2に示すように、本発明の範囲(実施例1)は水に対する界面活性剤の溶解性が良好であるため、それを使ったサイズ組成物の水溶液の作製が容易である。また、当該サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維は柔軟であり、水脱落性、製織性に優れていた。これに対して、本発明の範囲をはずれた場合(比較例1、比較例2)は、水溶解性に劣り、サイズ組成物の溶液作製に時間を要したり、また、付着した炭素繊維の製織時のガイドでの毛羽つまりや脱落毛羽が多く、織物表面の毛羽立ちが多いなどの欠点を有し、全体的に満足のいく結果は得られなかった。
【0038】
〔比較例3、比較例4〕
界面活性剤のアルキル基の炭素数が5(比較例3)および20(比較例4)である以外は実施例1と同様にして得た2種のサイズ組成物とそのサイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維について、実施例1と同様にして、界面活性剤の水溶解性、サイズ組成物の生分解性、炭素繊維に付着したサイズ組成物の量、繊維の柔軟性、サイズ組成物の水脱落量を評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
【0039】
【表3】
【0040】
また、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の製織試験結果を表4に示す。
【0041】
【表4】
【0042】
表3、表4に示すように、本発明の範囲外の場合は、界面活性剤の繊維の柔軟性に欠けたり、製織時のガイドでの毛羽つまりや脱落毛羽が多かったり、織物の織性が劣るなど、どれかの評価項目が劣っていた。
【0043】
〔実施例2、比較例5〕
実施例1で得た界面活性剤11%と水溶性熱可塑性樹脂(日本合成化学工業株式会社製エコマティAX300)89%からなるサイズ組成物(実施例2)および、該界面活性剤63%と水溶性熱可塑性樹脂(日本合成化学工業株式会社製エコマティAX300)37%からなるサイズ組成物(比較例5)とする以外は実施例1と同様にして、サイズ組成物水溶液を作製し炭素繊維に付着し、界面活性剤の水溶解性、サイズ組成物の生分解性、炭素繊維に付着したサイズ組成物の量、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の柔軟性、サイズ組成物の水脱落性を評価した。その結果を表5に示す。
【0044】
【表5】
【0045】
また、サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維の製織試験結果を表6に示す。
【0046】
【表6】
【0047】
表5、表6に示すように、本発明の範囲外の場合は、界面活性剤の繊維の柔軟性に欠けたり、製織時のガイドでの毛羽つまりや脱落毛羽が多かったり、織物の品質が劣っていた。
【0048】
〔実施例3、比較例6、比較例7〕
実施例1で得たサイズ組成物を0.7グラム(比較例6)、10.0グラム(実施例3)、53グラム(比較例7)とする以外は実施例1と同様にしてサイズ付着炭素繊維を得た。これらの繊維をギロチンカッターにより長さ6mmにカットし、カット時の単繊維の飛散による環境汚染の程度と、得られたカット品1グラムを水1リットルの割合で水に分散させて炭素繊維の分散性を調べた。
【0049】
それらの結果を表7に示す。
【0050】
【表7】
【0051】
表7に示すように、本発明の範囲外の場合は、カット時の単繊維の飛散が多くなったり、水分散性に劣っていた。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
本発明のサイズ組成物付着炭素繊維は、HLB値が9〜17であり且つポリオキシエチレン基と炭素数が8〜18のアルキル基からなる界面活性剤または該界面活性剤にポリプロピレンオキシド基を結合した界面活性剤の一種以上とポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂を含む炭素繊維用サイズ組成物であり、特に、該界面活性剤が10〜50重量%、ポリビニルアルコール系水溶性熱可塑性樹脂が50〜90重量%であるサイズ組成物であり、該サイズ組成物を0.2〜5重量%付着した炭素繊維である。さらに、該サイズ組成物を付着した炭素繊維は取り扱い性、製織性、繊維加工性などに優れており得られた加工品の毛羽立ちが少なく、カット時の単繊維の飛散による環境汚染や、水環境汚染を引き起こさず、水環境保全に優れた特徴を有す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention uses a carbon fiber cut by attaching a size composition to a product manufactured using water as a medium, such as paper / nonwoven fabric, reinforced concrete, battery electrode material, etc. and can be easily removed with water. It relates to carbon fiber for use. More specifically, a chop with a size composition containing a specific surfactant and a specific water-soluble thermoplastic resin, excellent in handleability, fiber processability, water dispersibility, and de-sizing characteristics, and does not cause water environment contamination. The present invention relates to carbon fibers for use and desizing knitted fabrics.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there are carbon fibers in which a compound such as a water-soluble surfactant, glycerin, a polymer of ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, or water-soluble nylon is attached as a sizing agent.
[0003]
Carbon fibers with these sizing agents attached are cut to a length of tens to several tens of millimeters and mixed as chops into cement, used as battery electrode materials, or dispersed in aqueous media and processed into paper or nonwoven fabrics. After that, various resins are used as composite materials to increase the strength and rigidity, and are used as electromagnetic shielding materials, surface heating elements, corrosion resistance materials, and the like. Further, the carbon fiber is processed into various knitted fabrics and the like, or is immersed in a resin system as an aqueous medium, for example, an aqueous solution of a phenolic resin, and then impregnated with the resin to be a prepreg to reinforce a wood-based material. Used as a composite material that is composited with various resins such as epoxy, polyimide, nylon and other thermosetting or thermoplastic resins after the fiber processed product is desized with water to form a knitted fabric Yes.
[0004]
These sizing agent-attached carbon fibers are suitable for processing into paper or nonwoven fabric because the sizing agent dissolves in water and separates from the fibers, and each single fiber can be uniformly dispersed in an aqueous medium. However, the processability of carbon fibers such as bundling and knitting is not sufficient, which is problematic in terms of handleability of the fibers, environmental pollution due to the scattering of carbon fibers during cutting, and hygiene. In addition, there is a problem that fluff is generated in the weaving process in which the fiber is processed into a knitted fabric or the like, so that the weaving speed has to be lowered, and the surface of the obtained product is prone to become a defective product such as fuzzing. was there.
[0005]
In addition, when carbon fibers or their knitted fabrics with these sizing agents are processed into paper or the like with an aqueous medium or are desized, the sizing agent dissolved in water raises the BOD in the water and contaminates the water. Had to spend a lot of money purifying the water.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the handleability of carbon fibers to which such a water-soluble sizing agent is attached, environmental pollution at the time of cutting, problems inferior in fiber processability, and problems that contaminate the water environment have not yet been sufficiently solved.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention is easy to handle, has low environmental pollution due to the scattering of fuzz during cutting, and can obtain a processed product of good quality even after fiber processing such as weaving, and the water environment. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber to which a size composition that does not contaminate is attached.
[0008]
[Means for solving the problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve such conventional problems, the present inventors have found that an interface having a specific HLB and an alkyl group having a specific number of carbon atoms and a polyoxyethylene group or a polyoxyethylene group and a polypropylene oxide group bonded to each other. Carbon fiber to which a size composition containing at least one activator and a polyvinyl alcohol-based water-soluble thermoplastic resin is attached can be cut without environmental contamination, and is excellent not only in fiber processing such as handling and knitting, When the carbon fiber is immersed in water, the size composition that has been dissolved in water has been found to have biodegradability that does not cause water environment contamination, and it has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using these fibers. The present invention has been reached.
[0009]
That is, the carbon fiber to which the size composition of the present invention is attached is a surfactant having an HLB value of 9 to 17 and comprising a polyoxyethylene group and an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or polypropylene on the surfactant. It consists of carbon fibers to which 10 to 50% by weight of one or more surfactants bonded with oxide groups and 0.2 to 5% by weight of a size composition consisting of 50 to 90% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble thermoplastic resin are attached. .
[0010]
The carbon fiber of the present invention is a fiber obtained by adhering the size composition to a carbon fiber made from acrylonitrile fiber or acrylonitrile fiber, pitch, mesoface pitch, phenol resin fiber, and can be cut without environmental pollution. In addition to being excellent in processability, it is biodegradable and has no characteristic of causing water environment pollution.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0012]
Size composition The size composition used in the present invention comprises a surfactant having an HLB value of 9 to 17 and comprising a polyoxyethylene group and an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or the surfactant. It is defined as a size composition containing at least one surfactant having a polypropylene oxide group bonded to an agent and a polyvinyl alcohol-based water-soluble thermoplastic resin.
[0013]
A surfactant having an HLB value of 9 to 17 and comprising a polyoxyethylene group and an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an HLB value of 9 to 17 used in the size composition of the present invention or the interface A surfactant having a polypropylene oxide group bonded to an activator is obtained by addition polymerization of ethylene oxide to alkyl alcohol or addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the addition amount is 9 to 17 in HLB value. Like that. When the HLB is 9 or less, the water solubility is lowered, so that it is difficult to make a size bath in an aqueous medium, and it is difficult to remove the carbon fiber from the carbon fiber. Here, the HLB value is a value obtained by multiplying 20 by the value obtained by dividing the molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide component by the molecular weight of the surfactant. In the case of a surfactant having an HLB of 9 to 17 and a carbon number of less than 8, it is not preferable because slipping of attached carbon fibers is reduced and fiber processability is lowered. Further, in the case of a surfactant having an HLB of 9 to 17 and a carbon number of more than 18, it is not preferable because the water solubility of the size composition is lowered and it becomes difficult to make an aqueous solution of the size composition. However, since the surfactant of the present invention is biodegradable in water, it is good for water environment conservation. Examples of these compounds include trade names BF-021, BF-022, and BF-023 manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
[0014]
The polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble thermoplastic resin used in the size composition of the present invention is, in particular, a product manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., which is biodegradable and solid at 25 ° C. and soluble in water. When the material adheres to the carbon fiber, not only is the fiber converging property improved, but it is also preferable because it can be made to have an appropriate hardness and flexibility. They are, in particular, products manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., such as Ecomatic AX2000, Ecomatic AX400TN, Ecomatic AX300, and Ecomatic AX50. Moreover, since these compounds are biodegradable in water, they do not pollute the water environment.
[0015]
In the size composition used for the carbon fiber to which the size composition of the present invention is attached, the proportion of each component constituting the composition is preferably 10 to 50% by weight of the surfactant and 50 to 90% of the water-soluble thermoplastic resin. % By weight.
[0016]
When the surfactant constituting the size composition is 10% by weight or less, the frictional resistance of the carbon fiber to which the size composition is adhered increases, and when the carbon fiber is processed into a fiber such as a knitted fabric, a single fiber is cut. However, it is not preferable because workability is lowered. When the amount exceeds 50% by weight, the convergence property between the single fibers of the carbon fiber to which the size composition is adhered is lowered, causing environmental pollution when cutting to make a chop, and processing such as knitting of the carbon fiber This is not preferable because the properties are lowered and fluff is generated.
[0017]
When the polyvinyl alcohol-based water-soluble thermoplastic resin constituting the size composition is 50% by weight or less, the converging property between the single fibers of the carbon fiber to which the size composition is adhered is lowered, so that the processability such as knitting of the carbon fiber is possible. Is unfavorable because it decreases. If it exceeds 90% by weight, the carbon fiber to which the size composition is attached becomes hard and soft, and the fiber processability is lowered.
[0018]
The amount of the size composition attached to the carbon fiber is 0.2 to 5% by weight based on the attached carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber has an appropriate hardness, handleability, fiber processing such as cutting and knitting. In addition to being suitable for this, it is preferable not to cause environmental pollution such as water pollution.
[0019]
When the amount of the size composition adhering to the carbon fiber is less than 0.2% by weight, the converging property of the carbon fiber is lowered, and the single fiber is scattered during cutting or fuzzed during weaving, which is not preferable. In addition, when the adhesion amount is more than 5% by weight, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse the fibers in water when the paper and the nonwoven fabric are produced with the cut fibers because the fibers are too hard. However, since the fibers are too hard and weaving becomes difficult, it is not preferable.
[0020]
In addition to the surfactant of the present invention, a known water-soluble compound can be mixed and used in the size composition as long as the binding properties, frictional properties, and microorganism fixing properties of the carbon fiber of the present invention are not impaired. .
[0021]
Carbon fiber The carbon fiber used in the present invention is an oxidation product obtained by oxidizing acrylic fiber, pitch, mesoface pitch, etc. in an oxidizing gas atmosphere such as oxygen using a known furnace such as a heating furnace. Acrylonitrile-based (referred to as PAN-based), pitch-based, meso-face pitch-based, and phenol-based carbon fibers obtained by carbonizing fibers and phenol resin fibers in an inert gas at 800 ° C. or higher, and having a diameter of 5 to 10 microns. m, a known fiber having a tensile strength of 500 MPa or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 50 GPa or more, and is defined as a fiber called 1000 to 1,000,000 filaments and tow.
[0022]
The size composition is adhered to the carbon fiber by forming an aqueous solution of 1 to 50 g / liter of the size composition in a carbon fiber filament, and immersing the carbon fiber in a bath of this aqueous solution or dropping the aqueous solution onto the carbon fiber or the roller surface. It adheres by well-known methods, such as transcribe | transferring the aqueous solution film | membrane made to (1).
[0023]
The carbon fiber chop is made by cutting the carbon fiber, to which the size composition is attached, into a length of 1 to 10 mm using a known cutting machine such as a guillotine cutter.
[0024]
The carbon fiber with sizing agent of the present invention can be cut without scattering of single fibers, and the chop obtained by cutting is excellent in water dispersibility, so paper or nonwoven fabric uniformly impregnated with carbon fibers, concrete structure It is possible to make composite materials with resin and water as a medium. Since the carbon fiber of the present invention can efficiently produce a fiber processed product such as a knitted fabric without fluffing, a good working environment can be secured, and a processed product having excellent quality and no fluffing can be produced at low cost. Since the knitted fabric can be desized with water, it is effective for producing a high-quality composite material using a known resin as a base material for the resized knitted fabric.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0026]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist. Unless otherwise specified, “%” means “% by weight”.
[0027]
The amount of the size composition attached was determined by thoroughly drying the attached carbon fiber strands at 110 ° C., measuring the total weight (Wt) of the fibers to which the size composition was attached, and the weight of the fibers after the size drop (Wf). From this, the adhesion amount (%) = (Wt−Wf) / WfX100.
[0028]
Moreover, the hardness and softness | flexibility of the carbon fiber which adhered the size composition were determined by tactile sensation.
[0029]
Desizing properties with water are 3 beakers containing 500 cc of water at 25 ° C., and 0.8 g of carbon fiber (1 m in case of HTA-12K (registered trademark Beth Fight)) is made into a ring with a diameter of about 3 cm. Repeated the same operation with the water of the next beaker after repeating the same operation with the water of the next beaker after repeating the operation 4 times after putting it on the water of the first beaker for 15 seconds and raising it for 5 seconds. After drying at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, the weight before desizing (A) and the weight after desizing (B) are measured, and the amount of desizing = (A) − (B) / (B) × 100 Asked.
[0030]
30cm weaving property, using the transfer type rapier type manufactured by weaving, warp carbon fiber strand, the weft yarns as a polyester fiber, and directed through warps of alumina guide (diameter 5 mm), while weaving width 120cm in implantation each sample carbon fiber strand for each block number 1.3 present / cm of width, weft yarns placed at the end count ten / cm, was evaluated by weaving tested at a speed 20 cm / min weaving. Evaluation was made by visually judging the single fiber in the guide up to a weaving length of 10 m, the degree of single fiber falling off the loom, and the fluff of the fabric surface.
[0031]
For water pollution, the biodegradability of the sizing agent dissolved in water was examined. That is, put 5 liters of activated sludge water of MLS drainage of 6000 mg / liter in the prepared 5 liter wide-mouth bottle, dissolve the sizing agent in this, and increase the BOD value by 20 mg / liter. After being treated for 24 hours while bubbling air at 100 cc / min, BOD was measured. As a control, a test in which the sizing agent was not dissolved was conducted in the same manner, and the difference was determined. The smaller the difference, the more the sizing agent was biodegradable.
[0032]
[Example 1]
From 20% surfactant with 15 HLB obtained by adding ethylene oxide to alkyl alcohol having 12 carbon atoms and 80% of polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble thermoplastic resin Ecomaty AX2000 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) A size composition (Example 1), a size composition obtained in the same manner as above except for HLB of 8 (Comparative Example 1), and a size composition obtained in the same manner as above except for an HLB of 18 (Comparative Example 2) ) Are dissolved in 1 liter of warm water at 85 ° C., and three types of aqueous solution of size composition are cooled to room temperature and placed in a size bath. A PAN-based carbon fiber strand (manufactured by Toho Rayon Co., Ltd.) (Trade name: HTA-12000, fiber diameter: 7 μm, number of components: 12,000, tensile strength: 3780 MPa, tensile modulus: 238 GPa) Three samples five rollers arranged in Guzagu (diameter 10 cm) throughout at 1 m / min by attaching the size composition to obtain each 100 m. The biodegradability of this size composition, and the flexibility and weaving property of the carbon fiber to which the size composition was adhered were examined.
[0033]
For Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, surfactant water solubility, size composition biodegradability, amount of size composition attached to carbon fiber, flexibility of carbon fiber attached size composition The amount of water dropout of the composition and size composition was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
[Table 1]
[0035]
Moreover, the weaving test result (guide fluff is shown in Table 2) of the carbon fiber to which the size composition is adhered.
[0036]
[Table 2]
[0037]
As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the scope of the present invention (Example 1) has good solubility of the surfactant in water, so that it is easy to produce an aqueous solution of a size composition using the surfactant. Moreover, the carbon fiber to which the size composition was adhered was flexible and excellent in water detachability and weaving. On the other hand, when it deviates from the scope of the present invention (Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2), it is inferior in water solubility, and it takes time to prepare a solution of the size composition. There were many defects such as many fluffs on the guide during weaving, and many fluffs on the surface of the fabric, and satisfactory results were not obtained as a whole.
[0038]
[Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4]
Two types of size compositions obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon number of the alkyl group of the surfactant was 5 (Comparative Example 3) and 20 (Comparative Example 4) were attached. For the carbon fiber, in the same manner as in Example 1, the water solubility of the surfactant, the biodegradability of the size composition, the amount of the size composition attached to the carbon fiber, the flexibility of the fiber, and the water loss of the size composition The amount was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0039]
[Table 3]
[0040]
Table 4 shows the results of the weaving test of the carbon fibers to which the size composition was attached.
[0041]
[Table 4]
[0042]
As shown in Tables 3 and 4, when outside the scope of the present invention, the surfactant fiber lacks flexibility, there are many fluffs at the guide during weaving, and there are many fluffs, and the woven property of the fabric. Some evaluation items were inferior, such as inferior.
[0043]
Example 2 and Comparative Example 5
A size composition (Example 2) comprising 11% of the surfactant obtained in Example 1 and 89% of a water-soluble thermoplastic resin (Ecomaty AX300 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and 63% of the surfactant and water-soluble An aqueous size composition solution was prepared and adhered to carbon fiber in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a size composition (Comparative Example 5) comprising 37% of a thermoplastic resin (Ecomati AX300 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used. The water solubility of the surfactant, the biodegradability of the size composition, the amount of the size composition attached to the carbon fiber, the flexibility of the carbon fiber attached to the size composition, and the water removal property of the size composition are evaluated. did. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0044]
[Table 5]
[0045]
Table 6 shows the results of the weaving test of the carbon fibers to which the size composition was attached.
[0046]
[Table 6]
[0047]
As shown in Tables 5 and 6, when outside the scope of the present invention, the fiber of the surfactant is not flexible, there are many fluffs at the guide during weaving, and there are many fluffs, and the quality of the fabric is low. It was inferior.
[0048]
[Example 3, Comparative Example 6, Comparative Example 7]
Size adhesion as in Example 1 except that the size composition obtained in Example 1 was 0.7 grams (Comparative Example 6), 10.0 grams (Example 3), and 53 grams (Comparative Example 7). Carbon fiber was obtained. These fibers are cut to a length of 6 mm with a guillotine cutter, the degree of environmental pollution due to the scattering of single fibers at the time of cutting, and 1 gram of the obtained cut product is dispersed in water at a rate of 1 liter of water to make carbon fiber Dispersibility was investigated.
[0049]
The results are shown in Table 7.
[0050]
[Table 7]
[0051]
As shown in Table 7, in the case outside the range of the present invention, the scattering of the single fibers at the time of cutting increased or the water dispersibility was inferior.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
The size composition-attached carbon fiber of the present invention has a HLB value of 9 to 17 and is composed of a polyoxyethylene group and an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or a polypropylene oxide group bonded to the surfactant. A size composition for carbon fiber containing at least one surfactant and a polyvinyl alcohol-based water-soluble thermoplastic resin, and in particular, the surfactant is 10 to 50% by weight, and the polyvinyl alcohol-based water-soluble thermoplastic resin is 50%. It is a size composition which is ˜90% by weight, and is a carbon fiber having 0.2 to 5% by weight of the size composition attached thereto. Furthermore, the carbon fiber to which the size composition is attached is excellent in handleability, weaving property, fiber processability, etc., and there is little fuzz of the processed product, environmental pollution due to scattering of single fibers at the time of cutting, water environment It does not cause pollution and has excellent features for water environment conservation.
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JP21906498A JP3643485B2 (en) | 1998-08-03 | 1998-08-03 | Carbon fiber for chopping and desizing knitted fabric |
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JP3643485B2 true JP3643485B2 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
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US7135516B2 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2006-11-14 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Sizing agent for carbon fiber, method for sizing carbon fiber by said sizing agent, sized carbon fiber and knitted or woven fabric using said carbon fiber |
KR101154279B1 (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2012-06-13 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | Carbon fiber for aqueous process and chopped carbon fiber for aqueous process |
CN102713051B (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2015-03-18 | 东丽株式会社 | Carbon fiber bundles |
JP5908765B2 (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2016-04-26 | 帝人株式会社 | Manufacturing method of composite material |
CN104963200A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-07 | 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院 | Preparation method and application of water-soluble carbon fiber sizing agent |
US20220403587A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2022-12-22 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sizing-agent-coated carbon fiber bundle and method for manufacturing same |
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JPS5933712B2 (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1984-08-17 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | Sizing agent for textiles |
CA1279141C (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1991-01-15 | David W. Zunker | Polyvinyl alcohol based wax-free size composition |
CA1322825C (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1993-10-12 | Finn L. Marten | Waxless polyvinyl alcohol size composition |
JPH06212565A (en) * | 1993-01-18 | 1994-08-02 | Tonen Corp | Carbon fiber |
JPH07233591A (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-09-05 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Hydraulic compound material of carbon short fiber-chopped strand reinforced with carbon short fibers |
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