JP2018102272A - Mushroom cultivation method by expanding film - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide mushroom cultivation methods which can efficiently utilize the space of a cultivation room and can secure generation of excellent mushrooms.SOLUTION: The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention uses a cultivation container 1 comprising: a container body 2 which can be filled up with a culture medium 3; a polymethylpentene film body 4 having extensity, oxygen permeability, and translucency; and fixing means 5. The method is configured to comprise: a hypha culture early step of spreading an inoculated hypha on a medium under a film body having extensity, oxygen permeability, and translucency; and a hypha culture later step of promoting primordium formation, when primordium formation is started by the spread of the hypha and the medium is risen up by formation of mycelial pellet, without interfering with increase in amount of mycelium by allowing a polymethylpentene film body having extensity to follow the rising.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms utilizing a polymethylpentene film body having spreadability, oxygen permeability and translucency.

The cultivation method of mushrooms is roughly divided into a method of cultivating a medium packed in a closed bottle (bottle cultivation) and a method of cultivating the medium in a polyethylene bag (bag cultivation). Yes.
In bottle cultivation, it is possible to stack the bottles on the shelf in the cultivation room or to shorten the height of the shelf, etc. On the other hand, because it is closed with a hard cap, the bulge of the medium is crushed and mushroom primordial formation is inhibited, and when removing the cap, the cap material and the mushroom adhere, and the mushroom is damaged, etc. Have the disadvantages of
On the other hand, in bag cultivation, a space for promoting primordial formation and growth of fruiting bodies can be provided in the upper part, and it has favorable generation conditions, but on the other hand, a generation space arranged on the upper part of the bag However, it has the disadvantages of hindering storage in the room and lacking in storage density.

  Also, in both bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, a gap is formed between the bottle body and the lid body in order to take in air necessary for primordial formation and fruit body growth, etc. Both of them are equipped with a ventilation filter made of air, but in both cases, the air supply to the generation surface tends to be non-uniform, which is a cause of bias in the mushroom generation site.

  Furthermore, light irradiation is required for mushroom primordium formation, but generally illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83% because a translucent material is used. This delays the culture period and hinders shortening of the culture period.

  In addition, patent document 1 exists as a technique with respect to the production | generation of the mycelium lump with respect to a mushroom cultivation culture medium. However, this relates to a method of inoculating a culture medium in which mycelium is difficult to be produced during production or storage, and is different from the present invention which does not inhibit the growth of mycelium.

JP 2006-280371 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a film body having extensibility and oxygen permeability can secure a high storage density that efficiently utilizes the cultivation room space and good conditions for generating mushrooms. Providing a method for growing mushrooms that has compatibility and promotes the formation of a homogeneous primordial structure with no bias in the generation site due to the oxygen permeability and translucency of the film, as well as shortening the cultivation period It is something to try.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the method for cultivating mushrooms using the stretchable film according to claim 1 comprises a container body having shape retention and an opening on the upper surface, which can be filled with a certain amount of medium, Using a cultivation container provided with a polymethylpentene film body having spreadability, oxygen permeability and translucency covering the upper surface of the container body, and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body, a ) Filling the container body with the sterilized medium, or sterilizing / filling the medium after the medium is filled, and b) spraying the inoculum on the surface of the medium, and forming the film on the container body Inoculation process in which the inoculum is covered and fixed tightly by the fixing means, c) an initial stage of hypha culture in which the inoculated hyphae spread in the medium in an oxygen-permeable and translucent environment, and d) Group formation is initiated and the shape of the mycelium When the culture medium rises due to growth, a stretchable polymethylpentene film body follows the protrusion and promotes primordial formation without interfering with the increase in the amount of mycelium, and e) It is characterized by comprising a fruiting body growth step for promoting the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body removed from the container main body after completion of the base formation, and f) a collecting step for collecting mature fruiting bodies.

  In the method for cultivating mushrooms using the stretchable film according to claim 2, the medium filling step is made by flatly cutting the medium on the upper surface of the container, or at least filled to a height within 20 mm from the top of the container. It is characterized by that.

  The mushroom cultivation method using the stretchable film according to claim 3 is characterized in that the polymethylpentene film body has heat resistance of 120 ° C. or higher.

  The method for cultivating mushrooms using the stretchable film according to claim 4 is characterized in that the polymethylpentene film body has no adhesion to mushrooms.

  The method for cultivating mushrooms using the stretchable film according to claim 5 is characterized in that an illuminator is arranged on the upper part of the container body.

  In the cultivation method according to claim 1, oxygen supply is required here when it reaches the culture early stage process in which the inoculated mycelium spreads in the medium and the culture late stage process in which primordial formation proceeds. Since the inventive polymethylpentene film body is excellent in oxygen permeability, a sufficient supply of oxygen is ensured, and it is uniform and non-uniform throughout the medium.

In addition, the primordium formation requires light irradiation, but the polymethylpentene film body with excellent translucency gives light stimulation to the medium, from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. It is possible to promote the formation of a proper primordium.
At the same time, the light-transmitting polymethylpentene film body allows sufficient light to be administered to the culture medium at the time of primordial formation, promoting proper primordial formation, and shortening the cultivation period.

  When the primordial formation is continued and the medium is raised by the mycelium born on the surface of the medium, the film body is stretched following the growth of the medium due to the polymethylpentene characteristic with excellent extensibility. It is possible to prevent the problem that the mycelium is suppressed and the increase in the amount of mycelium is hindered.

  When the amount of mycelium is sufficiently increased and browning is observed on the surface of the medium and the formation of the primordium is completed, the film body is removed from the container body and placed in a generation chamber at about 15 ° C. Can promote growth.

  The primordial formation is promoted under a sufficient increase in mycelium, and fruit bodies grown in a proper environment can secure an appropriate size and number. Can be obtained.

At that time, according to the cultivation container used in the present invention, it can be stacked on the shelf of the cultivation room or the height of the shelf can be shortened, and the storage density can be increased by installing a large number in the cultivation room. At the same time, as described above, when the culture medium is raised, the polymethylpentene film body can be extended following the growth of the culture medium, and the developmental defect of suppressing the mycelial mass is overcome. can do.
Therefore, it is possible to satisfy both of the requirements of securing a high storage density and a good mushroom generation condition.

  In the cultivation method according to claim 2, the medium filling step is performed by making the medium flat on the upper surface of the container, or by filling the medium at a height within 20 mm from the top of the container. The space between the film body and the film body can be reduced to zero, or the respiration of mushrooms due to carbon dioxide can be prevented, and water on the medium surface can be prevented from being reduced.

  In the cultivation method of Claim 3, high-temperature sterilization can be made possible by the polymethylpentene film body having heat resistance of 120 ° C. or higher.

  In the cultivation method according to claim 4, the polymethylpentene film body has no adhesion to the mushroom, so that the risk of damaging the mushroom during the growth of the fruiting body is eliminated. .

  In the cultivation method according to the fifth aspect, the primordial formation can be promoted under sufficient light irradiation by arranging the lighting tool on the upper part of the container main body.

It is a perspective view which shows this invention cultivation container. It is a chart figure which shows the flow of each process of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing of each process of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state grown using this invention cultivation container, and when (A) piles up, the case where (B) is mounted on the shelf is shown. It is the photograph of the shiitake mushroom obtained in the Example. It is a typical perspective view which shows the conventional cultivation container, (i) shows bottle cultivation and (b) shows the case of bag cultivation.

Mushrooms that can be applied to the present invention are mushrooms that can be cultivated in containers such as shiitake mushrooms, sea cucumbers, beech shimeji mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and eringi.
The medium 3 may be hardwood saw, corn cob, cotton seed, conifers, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, a container body 2 that has shape retention and can be filled with a certain amount of medium 3 is used for the cultivation container 1 of the present invention.
Shape retention is intended to exclude bags that may be deformed, and as shown in FIG. 4, refers to a material having rigidity that can be stacked when the legs 2 a are attached. For example, plastic such as polypropylene is used. Can be mentioned.
This container functions as a cultivation container, and can be filled with the above-mentioned fixed volume of medium, and provided with an opening at the top so as to be necessary for inoculation, hyphal spread, primordial formation, etc. described later. .

Next, in the present invention, the polymethylpentene film body 4 having spreadability, oxygen permeability and translucency capable of covering the upper part of the container body 2 is used.
Here, the extensibility refers to a performance that can be stretched following the bulge of the medium due to the generation of mycelial mass described later.
Oxygen permeability refers to the ability to pass air containing oxygen required for hyphal spread and primordium formation.
The translucency refers to the ability to extract light necessary for the spread of hyphae and the formation of primordial light from natural light or the illuminator 6 as described above.
Examples of the film body having the three properties of stretchability, oxygen permeability and translucency include the polymethylpentene film body. Specifically, there is Four Wrap (registered trademark of Riken Technos Co., Ltd.).
In the tensile test, the elongation of the four wraps is 90% in the MD direction (film drawing direction) and 570% in the TD direction (film width direction). In the oxygen permeation test, O ₂ permeation is 4.0 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ mol / m ² · s · Pa (according to JIS K7026-1 Annex 2), 7.0 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · 24 hr. -The value of atm is shown.
The heat resistance indicates a value of 180 based on the measurement method (quality display implementation guidelines of the Tokyo Metropolitan Consumer Life Ordinance).
It is a transparent wrap film body having a thickness of 10 μm.
The present invention has an important feature in utilizing a film body having such characteristics.

The film body 4 is provided with fixing means 5 for fixing it to the container body 2. Specifically, first, when the upper outer edge of the container body is formed on a smooth surface and the film body is brought into close contact with the outer edge, means for fixing the film body to the container body by a vacuum adhesion action is provided. is there. Second, there is a means for covering the upper edge of the container body with a film body and binding it with a rubber string, tape, thread string or the like. A third example is an instrument that can tighten the vicinity of the upper edge via a spring body.
In any case, it is sufficient that the film body 4 has a fixing property that keeps its adhesion without detaching from the container body 2 when the film body 4 is subjected to the uplifting action by the mycelium described later.

  In the present invention, using such a cultivation container 1, as shown in FIG. 2, medium sterilization / filling process, inoculum inoculation process, hypha culture early stage process, hyphal culture late stage process, fruit body growing process, sampling process Shall be applied.

First, in the sterilization / filling step, there is a method of filling the container body 2 with the sterilized medium 3. Specifically, the entire medium 3 is steam sterilized.
Alternatively, there is a method in which the culture medium 3 is filled in the container body 2 and the film body 4 is once attached to the edge portion and then sterilized. Specifically, the edge part of the container main body 2 filled with the culture medium 3 is covered with the film body 4 and steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
Which is better is determined individually, but the former is suitable when the scale is relatively large, and the latter is suitable when the scale is small.

In this filling step, the most desirable mode is to put the culture medium 3 up to the upper edge of the container body 2 and to make the surface flat and crushed as shown in FIG.
The reason is that when the film body is covered with the culture medium in the subsequent process, the film body and the culture medium are in close contact with each other, and the gap space can be minimized. If there is a large gap, the generated carbon dioxide accumulates in the space due to its specific gravity, hindering the respiration of mushrooms, and the space where the water can evaporate from the surface of the medium increases, resulting in an increase in the surface of the medium. This is because the moisture in the water is reduced.

When it does not reach a flat shape, it is desirable that the space be within at least 20 mm from the top end of the container body.
This is because, similarly to the above, by suppressing the accumulation space to a certain limit, it is possible to minimize the hindrance to the mushroom fungi and the surface moisture reduction.

When the vessel body is filled with the culture medium, an inoculation step is performed in which the surface of the culture medium is inoculated with the inoculum of the mushroom to be cultivated.
When the film body 4 is covered in the filling step, the film body 4 is removed and inoculated.
The inoculation is performed in the same manner as the inoculation of the normal inoculum, in which the inoculum of fine particles is made into a suspension with water and sprayed or the like (see FIG. 3B).
And the container main body 2 is coat | covered with the film body 4, and it adheres and fixes with the adhering means 5 (refer FIG.3 (c)).
As described above, the fixing means 5 is formed by forming the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 on a smooth surface, or by tying it with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string or the like, so that the uplifting action by the mycelium lump described later on the film body. When the is added, the film body does not come off from the container body, and its adhesion is maintained.
The fixing of the film body 4 is to prevent contamination due to invasion of various bacteria.

When the inoculation is completed and a certain culture period elapses, an inoculum is spread in the medium, and a culture initial phase process is executed (see FIG. 3D).
In order to spread the mycelium to the medium and to form a primordium described later, it is essential to supply oxygen.
However, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to take in conventional air, a gap is formed between the bottle and the lid or a non-woven ventilation filter is attached. The supply amount becomes uneven, which is a cause of unevenness in the generation site of mushrooms.
On the other hand, the polymethylpentene film of the present invention is 4.0 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ mol / m ² · s · Pa, 7.0 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · 24 hr · atm as described above. It has excellent oxygen permeability and can meet the demand for oxygen supply.

Now, when the mycelium spreads in the said culture | cultivation said process, primordial formation will be started soon.
In forming this primordial group, light irradiation is required in addition to the oxygen supply.
The reason for this is that in primordial formation, mushroom growth switches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the presence of this light provides stimulation and triggers the switching of the growth stage. .
However, conventionally, since a translucent material is generally used, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, causing a delay in primordial formation and hindering shortening of the culture period.
On the other hand, the polymethylpentene film body of the present invention is a transparent body and has an excellent light-transmitting property, and can meet the demand for light irradiation.

In response to this requirement of light irradiation, natural light may be used as the light source, but artificial lighting is applied as necessary.
In the case of using natural light, a space where natural light can enter is secured on the upper part of the container body 2, and in the case of artificial lighting, an illumination tool 6 such as an LED is disposed on the upper part.

As the primordium formation proceeds, there may be a phenomenon in which the culture medium 3 is raised 3a on the surface of the container as shown in FIG. 3 (e).
The reason is presumed as follows.
When the mycelium spreads throughout the medium, the mycelium forms a film for primordial formation, increases the amount of mycelium inside the medium, and forms a mycelium from the top of the mycelium to enhance nutrient accumulation. There is. That is, it is considered that the space necessary for securing the amount of mycelium forming the primordial group cannot be ensured only in the medium, and the formed mycelial mass expands the medium and raises the surface of the medium 3.
Therefore, suppressing the formation of this mycelium lump will inhibit the increase in the amount of mycelium, resulting in the result of hindering proper primordial formation.
On the other hand, as described above, the film of the present invention exhibits excellent extensibility such that the elongation is 90% in the MD direction and 570% in the TD direction.
Therefore, when the culture medium 3 is raised 3a due to the formation of the mycelium, the stretchable polymethylpentene film body 4 follows the elevation, and the proper primordial formation is formed without interfering with the increase in the amount of the mycelium. It will be urging.

When primordial formation is completed, for example, when almost the entire surface of the medium starts to appear brown, the process proceeds to a growth process that promotes growth of fruiting bodies with the film body 4 removed from the container body 2 (see FIG. 3 (f)). ).
When primordial formation approaches the end of the period, a change in which almost the entire surface of the medium turns brown is also seen as evidence that primordial formation is almost complete. In addition, primordial formation is almost completed, and it is a time when the infant body is seen in the early stage of the generation of the child entity.
Therefore, the time when this primordial formation is completed or the time when the infant body is observed is regarded as the completion of the primordial formation, and at this time, the fixing means 5 is released to remove the film body 4 from the container body 2. Remove and move to a generation room at about 15 ° C. to promote growth of fruiting bodies.
Here, removing the film body 4 from the container main body 2 means removing the state in which the film body seals the container, and includes the state in which the medium is exposed by cutting the film body.
When the film body 4 is detached from the mushroom when the film body is removed, the generation of mushrooms is damaged. However, if the surface of the film body of the present invention is made flat, the film body 4 has no adhesion to the mushroom.
This process is basically the same environment as normal fruit body growth, but the increase in the amount of mycelium is not hindered and the fruit body grows after sufficient primordium formation is promoted. The growth of many fruiting bodies has been confirmed.

  When the fruiting body matures, it is collected and used as a mushroom product (see FIG. 3 (g)).

As described above, according to the present invention, depending on the cultivation container to be used, for example, as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4B, the height of the shelf can be shortened even when stacked on the shelf. Therefore, a large number of cultivation containers can be installed in the cultivation room, and the cultivation can be efficiently housed and the storage density can be increased.
At the same time, as described above, when the culture medium rises, the polymethylpentene film body rich in extensibility can be extended following the growth of the culture medium, and the mycelium mass is suppressed and the amount of mycelium is reduced. The developmental drawback of inhibiting the increase can be overcome.
Therefore, it is possible to satisfy both of the requirements of securing a high storage density and a good mushroom generation condition.

  In addition, because of the sufficient supply of oxygen and the uniformity of the whole culture medium, mushroom generation sites can be homogenized, and sufficient light is administered due to translucency to form an appropriate primordium. As mentioned above, the cultivation period can be shortened while being promoted.

<Example>
The subject was shiitake mushroom, and as a medium suitable for this, 10 wt% of the weight of the medium was added to and mixed with hardwood sawdust as a nutrient, and water was added to adjust the water content to 62 wt%.
Fill a 150 x 150 x 50 mm box-shaped polypropylene container body with the above medium in a flat surface with a top cut, cover it with a polymethylpentene film (four wrap), and bind it with a rubber string. did. This was steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
After cooling, the film body was once removed, inoculated with shiitake inoculum, and the film body was bound again.
This was cultured for 60 days in a room controlled at 20 ° C. and RH 60-80%. During the work, the room illumination lamp was turned on, and 200 to 300 lux was irradiated in the vicinity of the medium surface for 0.5 to 4 hours per day.

On the 30th day, the medium started to rise, and the height reached about 10 mm. However, the coated polymethylpentene film body followed the elongation, and from the 45th day, the medium surface began to brown. Furthermore, primordial formation progressed.
The cultivated bacterial bed was transferred to a generation room controlled at 15 ° C. and RH 80 to 90%, and the film body was removed and immersed in water for 24 hours. On the 10th day thereafter, mushrooms (shiitake) were obtained (FIG. 5).

The mushroom fresh weight of only the first generation at this time was 20% to 25% per unit medium weight, and the cultivation period including the culture period and the generation period was 70 days.
In the case of a commonly used 3Kg fungus bed, the mushroom fresh weight that can be harvested during the 220-day cultivation period, which includes the 100-day cultivation period and the 120-day development period, is 700-1000 g, 30%.
Comparing this wrap-based cultivation with the existing 3kg bag cultivation, when compared per unit medium weight, the same raw weight of mushrooms is cultivated, and in wrap cultivation, the cultivation period is 30% or less It was obtained in

  There was no harmful bacteria contamination at the time of completion of the culture, and the bacteria barrier property as a filter of the film body could be confirmed.

1. Cultivation container 2. Container body 2a. Leg 3. Medium 3a Uplift 4. Film body 5. Fixing means 6. Lighting fixture

Claims (5)

A container body that has shape retention and an opening on the upper surface and can be filled with a certain amount of medium, and a polymethylpentene that has spreadability, oxygen permeability and translucency covering the upper surface of the container body Using a cultivation container provided with an adhesive film body and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body,
a) Filling the container body with the sterilized medium, or sterilizing and filling the medium after the container body is sterilized,
b) Inoculating the surface of the medium with the inoculum, and inoculating the container body with a film body and fixing it tightly with an adhering means;
c) a mycelial culture initial stage in which the inoculated mycelium spreads in the medium in an oxygen-permeable and translucent environment;
d) When primordium formation is initiated by the spread of mycelia, and the culture medium rises due to the formation of mycelium, the stretchable polymethylpentene film body follows the bumps, preventing the increase in the amount of mycelium A late stage of hyphal culture that promotes primordium formation without
e) When the primordial formation is completed, a fruiting body growth step that promotes the growth of the fruiting body with the film body removed from the container body,
f) a collection process for collecting mature fruiting bodies;
A method for cultivating mushrooms using a stretchable film characterized by comprising:   The medium filling process according to claim 1, wherein the medium is made flat by cutting the upper surface of the container, or at least filled with a height within 20 mm from the top of the container. Cultivation method.   A method for cultivating mushrooms using a stretchable film, wherein the polymethylpentene film body according to claim 1 or 2 has a heat resistance of 120 ° C or higher.   4. The method for cultivating mushrooms with a stretchable film, wherein the polymethylpentene film body according to claim 1 has no adhesion to mushrooms.   A method for cultivating mushrooms using a stretchable film, characterized in that an illuminator is arranged on the upper part of the container body according to claim 1.