JP2005195604A - Abnormality deciding device and abnormality deciding method of group battery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To correctly decide abnormalities of a set battery by a simple calculation, regardless of the pattern of charge/discharge, or the variations in the temperature. <P>SOLUTION: A deviation ΔV of the maximum value and the minimum value among the voltages of the each unit battery, composing the set battery is sought (S120, S130) and is stored (S140) as a plurality of paired values, with a current I flowing in the set battery. If the relation between the deviation ΔV of the voltage and the current I is regarded as a straight line, an inclination ΔR corresponds to the deviation in the internal resistance. Then abnormality of the set battery is decided (S200) with the magnitude of this inclination ΔR, by seeking (S170) this inclination ΔR, using the method of least squares. The fluctuation of an electromotive voltage due to the pattern of the charge/discharge; and since the fluctuations in the electromotive voltage due to the temperature change are offset when the deviation ΔV of the voltage is sought, abnormality of the set battery can be decided more accurately. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an assembled battery abnormality determination device, and more particularly to an abnormality determination device that determines an abnormality of an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series.

  Conventionally, as an abnormality determination device for this type of assembled battery, there is an apparatus for calculating an internal resistance of a battery for each unit battery or for each block composed of a plurality of unit batteries and determining an abnormality based on the magnitude of the value. Proposed. Since the unit battery has an internal resistance depending on its configuration, it is possible to calculate the internal resistance and determine abnormality based on the value.

  However, an apparatus that calculates the internal resistance and determines an abnormality based on the magnitude of the value has a problem that it is difficult to accurately determine depending on the charge / discharge pattern. The electromotive force of the assembled battery varies depending on the charge / discharge pattern. Although the internal resistance can be calculated accurately if the electromotive voltage of the battery does not fluctuate, a certain internal resistance value becomes a normal value or an abnormal value depending on the charge / discharge pattern. Moreover, since the electromotive voltage of a battery also changes depending on the temperature of the battery, the above problem is further highlighted. Furthermore, if the internal resistance is calculated for each unit battery or block, the calculation process becomes enormous, and a high-performance computer is required for the calculation.

  An object of the abnormality determination device of the present invention is to solve such problems and accurately determine abnormality of a battery pack even when a charge / discharge pattern or temperature changes. Another object of the abnormality determination device of the present invention is to perform such abnormality determination by simple calculation.

  The abnormality determination apparatus of the present invention employs the following means in order to achieve at least a part of the above-described object.

  An abnormality determination apparatus for an assembled battery according to the present invention is an abnormality determination apparatus for determining an abnormality of an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and measures the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries at a predetermined timing. Voltage measuring means; current measuring means for measuring the current flowing through the assembled battery at the timing; and the respective voltages measured by the voltage measuring means are input, and the maximum value of the input voltages is Deviation calculating means for calculating a deviation from the minimum value; storage means for storing a plurality of currents measured by the current measuring means and deviations calculated by the deviation calculating means as a pair of values; The present invention includes an abnormality determination unit that determines abnormality of the assembled battery based on a plurality of pairs of measured and stored values. Further, the deviation calculating means calculates the deviation according to whether the assembled battery is in a charged state or a discharged state.

  Here, the principle by which the abnormality of the assembled battery can be determined by using a plurality of pairs of values consisting of the deviation between the maximum value and the minimum value of each voltage and the current flowing through the assembled battery will be described. Regardless of whether or not the battery is normal, the voltage (V) of the battery is represented by the following equation (1): current (I) flowing through the battery from the electromotive force (V0) and internal resistance (R) It is expressed as the product of.

V = V0−R · I (1)
Consider an assembled battery in which a normal battery and an abnormal battery are connected in series. The voltage indicated by the normal battery and the voltage indicated by the abnormal battery are expressed by the above equation (1), and are expressed by the following equations (2) and (3), respectively. Since the case where a normal battery and an abnormal battery are connected in series to form an assembled battery is considered, the current (I) flowing through each battery has the same value.

V1 = V01−R1 · I (2)
V2 = V02−R2 · I (3)
When the above equation (2) is subtracted from the above equation (3), the following equation (4) is obtained, and the left side is the voltage deviation (ΔV).

ΔV = V2−V1 = (V02−V01) − (R2−R1) · I (4)
Since the voltage deviation (ΔV) and the current (I) can be treated as known if the voltage of each battery and the assembled battery can be measured, the unknown is the difference between the electromotive force and the internal resistance. There are two deviations. Therefore, when the voltage deviation and the current are taken as a pair value, the electromotive force deviation and the internal resistance deviation can be obtained by using two or more pairs of values. In general, a battery abnormality appears in the internal resistance, so that the battery abnormality can be determined by the deviation of the internal resistance. That is, if one battery is normal, it is determined whether or not the other battery is normal based on the values of a plurality of pairs, that is, by obtaining a value corresponding to the deviation of the internal resistance from the values of the plurality of pairs. It can be done.

  In the above description of the principle, it is determined that one battery is normal and the other battery is abnormal. In the battery pack abnormality determination device of the present invention, by calculating the deviation between the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage of each battery, the battery having the maximum voltage is assumed to be a normal battery and the battery having the minimum voltage is determined. It is assumed that the battery is likely to be abnormal, and the abnormality of the assembled battery is determined by determining the battery having the minimum voltage.

  According to the assembled battery abnormality determination device of the present invention, it is possible to determine the abnormality of the assembled battery based on the deviation between the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage of each battery and the current flowing through the assembled battery. Moreover, since fluctuations in the electromotive voltage are canceled by calculating the difference, the determination of abnormality does not depend on the charge / discharge pattern or temperature change.

  In such an assembled battery abnormality determination device of the present invention, the abnormality determination means is means for determining abnormality when a plurality of pairs of values stored in the storage means reaches a predetermined logarithm, or the abnormality The determination means may be means for determining an abnormality when the current values of a plurality of pairs of values stored by the storage means are distributed beyond a predetermined range. As described above, by using a plurality of pairs of values having a predetermined logarithm or by using a distribution having a distribution exceeding a predetermined range, it is possible to determine the abnormality of the assembled battery more accurately.

  Further, in the battery pack abnormality determination device of the present invention, the abnormality determination means calculates at least an inclination by a least square method using the plurality of pairs of values, and determines an abnormality based on the inclination. You can also. The above equation (4) is a straight line equation, and the deviation of the internal resistance makes the slope of this straight line. Therefore, the slope is obtained using the least squares method as a linear approximation method, and the abnormality of the assembled battery is judged by this. can do. In the battery pack abnormality determination device that makes a determination based on such an inclination, the abnormality determination unit may be a unit that determines an abnormality when the absolute value of the inclination is greater than a predetermined value. Furthermore, the abnormality determination method according to the present invention is an abnormality determination method for determining an abnormality of an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and measures each voltage of the plurality of batteries at a predetermined timing. A voltage measurement step, a current measurement step of measuring the current flowing through the assembled battery at the timing, the respective voltages measured by the voltage measurement step are input, and the maximum value of the input voltages is A plurality of deviation calculation steps for calculating a deviation from the minimum value, a current measured by the current measurement step, and a deviation calculated from each of the voltages read by the deviation calculation step are stored as a pair of values. And an abnormality determination step of determining abnormality of the assembled battery based on a plurality of pairs of values measured and stored at the timing.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described using examples. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an outline of the configuration of an assembled battery abnormality determination device 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, an assembled battery abnormality determination device 40 of the embodiment is attached to an assembled battery 20 in which n unit batteries are connected in series, and the assembled battery 20 is charged / discharged. The load 30 which operates by is connected.

  The abnormality determination device 40 according to the embodiment includes a voltage measuring device 42 including a plurality of voltmeters that measure the voltages V1 to Vn of each unit battery of the assembled battery 20, an ammeter 44 that measures the current I flowing through the assembled battery 20, and an abnormality. An electronic processing device 50 that controls the entire determination device 40 and performs an abnormality determination process for the assembled battery 20, a clock oscillation circuit 60 that outputs a clock signal CL to the electronic processing device 50 at every predetermined timing (for example, every 10 ms), an abnormality A power supply circuit (not shown) that supplies necessary power to each unit of the determination device 40 is provided.

  The electronic processing device 50 is a one-chip microcomputer mainly composed of a CPU 52, and has an internal ROM 54 that stores processing programs in advance, an internal RAM 56 that temporarily stores data, various input ports and outputs. And a port. At the input port, voltages V1 to Vn of the individual cells of the assembled battery 20 measured by the voltage measuring instrument 42, the current I measured by the ammeter 44, the clock signal CL output from the clock oscillation circuit 60, and the like are input. From the output port, an abnormality determination result of the assembled battery 20 by the abnormality determining device 40 is displayed on the LCD 70 and other devices (for example, a computer (not shown) for controlling the operation of the assembled battery 20 and an illustration for controlling the operation of the load 30). Abnormality determination signals J and K to be output to a computer that does not).

  The abnormality determination device 40 according to the embodiment configured as described above causes an abnormality in the assembled battery 20 by repeatedly executing the abnormality determination routine illustrated in FIG. 2 stored in the internal ROM 54 in advance every predetermined time (for example, every 10 ms). It is monitored whether there is any. Note that the timing for executing the illustrated abnormality determination routine is measured by counting the clock signal CL input from the clock oscillation circuit 60. Hereinafter, determination of abnormality of the assembled battery 20 by the abnormality determination device 40 will be described based on this abnormality determination routine.

  When the abnormality determination routine is executed, the CPU 52 first reads the current I measured by the ammeter 44 and the voltages V1 to Vn of each unit battery of the assembled battery 20 measured by the voltage measuring device 42 at the same timing. Execute (Step S100). Next, it is determined whether or not the read current I is greater than the value 0 (step S110). When the current I is greater than the value 0, the maximum value is subtracted from the minimum value of the read voltages V1 to Vn to obtain a voltage deviation ΔV. (Step S120), and when the current I is 0 or less, the voltage deviation ΔV is calculated by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value among the voltages V1 to Vn (Step S130). Here, the sign of the voltage deviation ΔV is changed depending on the value of the current I when the current I is larger than the value 0, that is, when the load 30 consumes power due to the discharge from the assembled battery 20 and the current This is because the voltage deviation ΔV is similarly handled in any state in consideration of the state when I is 0 or less, that is, the state where the assembled battery 20 is charged with the power supplied by the load 30.

  Next, the CPU 52 temporarily stores the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I thus calculated as a pair value in the internal RAM 56 (step S140). Then, the counter N is incremented (step S150), and it is determined whether or not the value of the counter N is larger than the threshold value Nref (step S160). The counter N counts how many pairs of the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I are stored in the internal RAM 56, and is an initialization (not shown) that is executed when the power of the abnormality determination device 40 is turned on. The value 0 is set as an initial value by the routine. Further, the threshold value Nref is set as the number of pairs of values sufficient to determine the assembled battery 20, and the degree of stability required for the assembled battery 20 and the unit battery constituting the assembled battery 20 It is determined by the number or the variation of unit battery products. When the counter N is equal to or less than the threshold value Nref, it is determined that a sufficient number of pairs of values for determining the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 are not stored, and this routine is terminated.

  On the other hand, when the counter N is larger than the threshold value Nref, the slope ΔR is calculated by the operation of the least square method using the stored N pairs of values (step S170), and the variance σI is calculated from the N currents I. (Step S180). Since the method of calculating the slope ΔR by the least square method and the calculation of the variance σI of the current I is based on a general numerical calculation method, the description of the calculation method is omitted.

  Next, it is determined whether or not the calculated variance σI of the current I is larger than the threshold value σref (step S190). The variance σI of the current I is taken into consideration even if it is determined that a sufficient number of pairs of values for determining an abnormality of the battery pack 20 is stored by comparing the counter N with the threshold value Nref. This is because the accuracy of the slope ΔR obtained by the square method depends on the variance σI of the current I. When the variance σI of the current I is equal to or less than the threshold σref, it is determined that the slope ΔR with sufficient accuracy cannot be obtained and the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy, and this routine is terminated.

  When the variance σI of the current I is larger than the threshold value σref, the slope ΔR is compared with the threshold value Rref (step S200). As described in the principle of the present invention, the abnormality of the battery appears in its internal resistance. In the case of the assembled battery 20 of the embodiment, the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 is determined based on the deviation of the internal resistance, that is, the slope ΔR. can do. In the embodiment, the relationship between the voltage and current of a normal unit cell and the relationship between the voltage and current of an abnormal unit cell are both linear, and the relationship between the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I is also linear. Thus, the deviation of the internal resistance is obtained as the slope ΔR. FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between the voltage and current of normal unit cells and abnormal unit cells. In the figure, the straight line A is the relationship between the voltage and current of a normal unit cell, and the straight line B is the relationship between the voltage and current of an abnormal unit cell. As shown in the figure, the respective relationships are linear as shown in the above-described equations (2) and (3). Therefore, the relationship between the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I is also linear as illustrated in FIG. If all the unit batteries constituting the assembled battery 20 are normal, all the unit batteries exhibit characteristics close to the line A in FIG. 3, and the slope ΔR is close to the value 0. If any one of the unit batteries constituting the assembled battery 20 is abnormal, the characteristics of the unit battery are different from the electromotive force V02, but the line B in FIG. Therefore, the slope ΔR is larger than the value 0. For this reason, the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 can be determined by comparing the slope ΔR with the threshold value Rref. Note that the value of the threshold value Rref is determined by the characteristics of the unit battery constituting the assembled battery 20 and the variation of the product.

  Thus, the inclination ΔR is compared with the threshold value Rref, and when the inclination ΔR is larger than the threshold value Rref, it is determined that one of the unit batteries constituting the assembled battery 20 is in an abnormal state and an abnormality has occurred in the assembled battery 20. The abnormality determination flag F is set to 1 (step S210), the counter N is reset to 0 (step S230), and this routine is terminated. On the other hand, when the slope ΔR is equal to or smaller than the threshold value Rref, it is determined that any unit battery constituting the assembled battery 20 is in a normal state, the value 0 is set to the abnormality determination flag F (step S220), and the counter N is set to a value. It is reset to 0 (step S230), and this routine is terminated. In the abnormality determination device 40 of the embodiment, the value of the abnormality determination flag F set in this way is output to the LCD 70 and other devices as abnormality determination signals J and K.

  According to the assembled battery abnormality determination device 40 of the embodiment described above, the voltage deviation ΔV that is the deviation between the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltages V1 to Vn of each unit battery constituting the assembled battery 20 and the assembled battery. The abnormality of the assembled battery 20 can be determined based on a pair value consisting of the current I flowing through the battery 20. In addition, since various charging / discharging patterns and the like are included in consideration of the variance σI of the current I, it is possible to determine the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 more accurately regardless of the charging / discharging pattern. In addition, the characteristics of both the normal unit battery and the abnormal unit battery change due to the temperature change in the assembled battery 20, but the change in the characteristics is canceled using the voltage deviation ΔV that is a voltage deviation. Even when a temperature change occurs in 20, the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 can be accurately determined. Furthermore, since the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 is determined only by calculating the slope ΔR by a calculation using the least square method, all the internal resistances of the unit batteries constituting the assembled battery 20 are calculated to determine the abnormality. The abnormality can be determined by simple calculation as compared with the case where the abnormality is determined by calculating each internal resistance of the battery block constituted by the unit batteries.

  In the battery pack abnormality determination device 40 of the embodiment, the battery pack 20 is determined to be abnormal when the value of the pair consisting of the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I is greater than the threshold value Nref and the variance σI of the current I is greater than the threshold value σref. However, without considering the variance σI of the current I, when the value of the pair consisting of the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I is larger than the threshold value Nref, the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 is determined. Instead of using it, the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 may be judged simply when the variance σI of the current I becomes larger than the threshold σI.

  In addition, in the battery pack abnormality determination device 40 of the embodiment, regardless of whether the battery is a normal battery, the relationship between the voltage and the current is regarded as a linear relationship, and the internal resistance deviation is determined by a linear approximation method using the least square method. Although the abnormality of the assembled battery 20 is determined by obtaining a certain slope ΔR, the relationship between the battery and the current is regarded as a relationship other than a straight line (for example, a cubic function curve or a Beze curve) and the relationship between the voltage deviation ΔV and the current I May be regarded as a relationship other than a straight line, and attention may be paid to a term configured based on the internal resistance of the unit battery in the relationship, thereby determining abnormality.

  The embodiments of the present invention have been described using the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course you get.

It is a schematic block diagram which illustrates the outline of a structure of the abnormality determination apparatus 40 of the assembled battery which is one Example of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the abnormality determination routine performed by the electronic processing apparatus 50 of the abnormality determination apparatus 40 of an Example. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the voltage and electric current of a normal unit battery and an abnormal unit battery. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between voltage deviation (DELTA) V and the electric current I when abnormality has arisen.

Explanation of symbols

  20 assembled battery, 30 load, 40 abnormality determination device, 42 voltage measuring device, 44 ammeter, 50 electronic processing device, 52 CPU, 54 internal ROM, 56 internal RAM, 60 clock oscillation circuit.

Claims (7)

An abnormality determination device for determining abnormality of an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series,
Voltage measuring means for measuring each voltage of the plurality of batteries at a predetermined timing;
Current measuring means for measuring the current flowing through the assembled battery at the timing;
Deviation calculating means for inputting each of the voltages measured by the voltage measuring means and calculating a deviation between the maximum value and the minimum value of the input voltages;
Storage means for storing a plurality of currents measured by the current measurement means and deviations calculated by the deviation calculation means as a pair of values;
An abnormality determining means for determining an abnormality of the assembled battery based on a plurality of pairs of values measured and stored at the timing;
An abnormality determination device comprising:   The abnormality determination device according to claim 1, wherein the deviation calculation means calculates a deviation as to whether the assembled battery is in a charged state or a discharged state.   The abnormality determination device according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality determination unit is a unit that determines abnormality when a plurality of pairs of values stored in the storage unit reach a predetermined logarithm.   3. The abnormality determination unit according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality determination unit is a unit that determines an abnormality when the current value among a plurality of pairs of values stored by the storage unit is distributed beyond a predetermined range. Abnormality judgment device.   5. The abnormality determination device according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality determination unit calculates at least an inclination by a least square method using the plurality of pairs of values, and determines an abnormality based on the inclination. .   6. The abnormality determination device according to claim 5, wherein the abnormality determination unit is a unit that determines an abnormality when the absolute value of the inclination is greater than a predetermined value. An abnormality determination method for determining abnormality of an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series,
A voltage measuring step of measuring the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries at a predetermined timing;
A current measurement step of measuring the current flowing through the assembled battery at the timing;
A deviation calculating step of inputting each of the voltages measured in the voltage measuring step and calculating a deviation between the maximum value and the minimum value of the input voltages;
A storage step of storing a plurality of currents measured by the current measurement step and deviations calculated from the respective voltages read by the deviation calculation step as a pair of values;
An abnormality determination step of determining abnormality of the assembled battery based on a plurality of pairs of values measured and stored at the timing;
The abnormality determination method characterized by including.

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