FR3098679A1 - Street light for centralized management and associated management process - Google Patents

Abstract

A street luminaire, comprising: - a lower element (1) located at the bottom of the mast comprising a power supply unit intended to supply the luminaire (90) and a first module (100) comprising a processor (110) and switching means (120) controlled by said processor, comprising: a first interface (50) for a first coupling to the electrical distribution network; a second interface (30) for a second coupling to a power supply (90) intended to supply the luminaire; a third interface (40) intended for a third coupling with a second module (200) located in an upper element (2) located at the top of the mast; - an upper element (2) located at the top of the mast comprising a second module (200) configured to be coupled to said first module, and an LED plate (400) coupled to said second module by a fourth interface (290); wherein the second interface includes conductors configured to receive electrical signals representative of a temperature sensor (190) transmitted to said processor; and wherein the fourth interface includes conductors configured to receive electrical signals representative of a temperature sensor (280) positioned on the LED board; wherein said first (100) and second (200) modules exchange information for monitoring the operating parameters of the power supply (90) and of the LED board (400) to generate predictive alarms of failures.

Description

Street light for centralized management and associated management method

Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to the technical field of street lighting and luminaires arranged on the public domain, and more specifically to a street luminaire architecture for centralized management and a relative management method.

State of the art

The development of urbanization and urban densification has required the use of more sophisticated and more efficient street lighting systems.

The issues are indeed diverse.

A first problem posed by the implementation and management of street lighting is that of maintenance, which today is most often based on human readings on site. Indeed, to know the number of out-of-service luminaires, the operator must put the lighting on forced operation during the day so that specialized teams can go to the site and note the number and references of the defective parts. The luminaires being, in general, arranged at the top of high masts, it is then necessary to resort to specialized equipment and maintenance teams, in particular personnel authorized to work under voltage, and having nacelles to reach the upper parts of the masts. on which the lights are placed.

Such displacements cause an extremely high maintenance cost. In addition, the breakdowns on the luminaires are diverse and appear in an unpredictable way so that it is extremely difficult, with conventional means, to maintain a lighting park that works 100% of the operating time.

A second problem that arises for the manager of a street lighting is that of the stock of spare parts. Depending on the type and quality of lighting desired, each luminaire is powered by a specific power supply, which is the most sensitive and fragile part of an LED luminaire. This imposes strong inventory constraints and numerous spare parts.

A third problem faced by the manager of a fleet of public luminaires is that of the fact that conventional public luminaires are extremely sensitive to the failure of an element component such as an LED. Indeed, the LEDs of the luminaires being wired in series, when an LED is out of service, the whole series of LEDs appears as being defective, rendering the luminaire out of service.

Finally, there is also a fourth problem which is that resulting from the fact that the lighting of public lights is generally carried out by means of an impulse generated by the distributor of the electrical network (the company EDF in France, for example), or with a clock. During the day, the electrical current that powers the lights is cut off by relays. In many cases, it is observed that electrical cables are exposed to delinquency and theft since ill-intentioned people can access the cables without danger of electrocution. In addition, the switching on and off of the luminaires is carried out at fixed times, resulting in a high current inrush when all the luminaires start up simultaneously at full power.

It is therefore desirable to present a high-performance architecture suitable for a fleet of street luminaires which make it possible to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above.

This is the object of the present invention.

The aim of the present invention is to propose a new luminaire architecture particularly suited to the production of a fleet of street luminaires that can be managed centrally.

A second object of the present invention consists in proposing a lighting device allowing a predictive analysis of breakdowns of the essential components of this lighting.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a structure of luminaires which makes it possible to significantly reduce maintenance costs.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an LED plate suitable for a high-performance luminaire, allowing predictive management of breakdowns.

The invention achieves these aims by means of a street luminaire structure comprising a mast (already existing), comprising:

- a lower element located at the bottom of the mast comprising a power supply unit intended to power the luminaire and a first module (100) comprising a processor (110) and switching means (120) controlled by said processor, comprising :

a first interface (50) for a first coupling to the electrical distribution network;

a second interface (30) for a second coupling to a power supply (90) intended to supply the luminaire;

a third interface (40) intended for a third coupling with a second module (200) located in an upper element (2) located at the top of the mast;

- an upper element (2) located at the top of the mast comprising

a second module (200) configured to be coupled to said first module, and an LED board (400) coupled to said second module by a fourth interface (290);

wherein the second interface includes conductors configured to receive electrical signals representative of a temperature sensor (190) transmitted to said processor through interface 39; And

wherein the second interface includes conductors configured to receive electrical signals representative of a temperature sensor (280) positioned on the LED board;

wherein said first (100) and second (200) modules exchange information for monitoring the operating parameters of the power supply (90) and of the LED board (400) to generate predictive alarms of failures.

In a particular embodiment, the first module comprises a first measurement module (130) for the input voltage and current parameters as well as a second measurement module (160) for the voltage and current parameters at the output of said power unit (90).

Preferably, the second module comprises a third measurement module (260) for measuring the operating parameters of said LED board.

More specifically, the second module (200) comprises wireless communication means (230, 900), for example of the LoRa type, allowing communication of incidents and statistical data of the operation of the luminaire to a gateway (600) connected to the internet network.

The invention also allows the realization of a method for managing a luminaire comprising the steps consisting in:

- measure the input parameters, U/I/P, of the module 100 and trace the incidents relating to these parameters;

- measure and trace the output parameters, U/I/P, of the power supply unit (90) by the module 100 and trace the incidents relating to these parameters;

- measure and trace the temperature parameters of the power supply unit (90) by module 100 and of the LED plate (400) by module 200 and trace incidents relating to these parameters;

- measure the power factor of the power supply unit (90) and trace the incidents relating to these parameters;

- using the incidents relating to the aforementioned parameters to generate predictive fault alarms which are sent to the gateway (600) destined for a management and maintenance server (650).

Another object of the invention is to produce an LED plate intended for lighting, comprising a set of LEDs organized according to a mesh of LEDs comprising a set of P branches (410, 420, 430, 440, etc.) each comprising N LEDs ( 410-1, 410-2, …, 410-n),

in which the P branches are connected in parallel, and

in which each individual LED of the first branch is further connected in parallel to an LED of a corresponding row of the second branch; And

in which each individual LED of the P-th branch is connected in parallel with an LED of a corresponding rank of the P-1-th branch; And

each individual LED of all the other branches, with the exception of branches n°1 and P, are connected in parallel to two LEDs respectively resulting from a preceding branch and a following branch.

Description of the drawings

Other characteristics, object and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description and the drawings below, given solely by way of non-limiting examples. On the attached drawings:

Figure 1 illustrates a general architecture of a street luminaire according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows the structure of the lower block 1 of the street light of Figure 1.

Figure 3 illustrates the general electronic structure of the preferred embodiment of Figure 1.

Figure 4 illustrates the detail of the coupling of the second module 200 (ref 105U) to the first module 100 (ref 105L) and to the third module (ref 105S), as well as to the LED board of the luminaire.

Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of the detail of the second module 200, with the plate 400.

Figure 6 illustrates the general architecture of the park of luminaires, communicating with a set of modules 610-1, ..., 610-n serving as a gateway (600) for transporting information via the Internet network (620) to a server management and dedicated maintenance (650).

Figure 7 illustrates the hardware architecture of the first module 100.

Figure 8 illustrates the hardware architecture of the second module 200.

Figure 9 illustrates the hardware architecture of the 600 module.

Figure 10 illustrates a first embodiment of a 144 LED board according to the present invention.

Figure 11 illustrates a second embodiment of a 288 LED board according to the present invention.

Figure 12 illustrates the process of monitoring and analyzing the input voltage emanating from the electrical network.

Figure 13 illustrates the method of monitoring and analyzing the consumption of module 90.

Figure 14 illustrates a power factor measurement and analysis process performed by module 100.

Figure 15 illustrates one embodiment of a method of analyzing the operating temperature of power supply 90.

Figure 16 illustrates an embodiment of a method for analyzing the operating conditions of the LED board 400.

Figure 17 illustrates another more synthetic embodiment of a method for analyzing the operating conditions of the LED board 400.

Figure 18 illustrates a generalized method of monitoring the communication between the luminaire and the management and maintenance server.

Figure 19 illustrates a method for testing the sensors installed in the third module 300.

Description of a preferred embodiment

We now describe how we can improve in an extremely efficient way a street lighting architecture, to be created or simply already existing.

We will successively describe the structural architecture that is proposed (I), and the operation of the various components (II). We will then summarize the advantages of the proposed solution (III).

I. Architecture and structural description

To introduce the new functionalities that will be described below, and solve the problems mentioned above, each luminaire is organized according to an architecture illustrated in figure 1, based on a set of four modules (referenced 105L, 105U, 105S and 105G , the latter not being shown).

The luminaire consists of a mast (already existing) 10 fixed to the ground, housing within it two elements 1 and supporting the lower and upper element 2 respectively.

The lower element 1 comprises in particular a first module 100 (internal ref 105L) coupled to a power supply 90, which may be any generic power supply or even a power supply present in an already existing luminaire, preferably equipped with a dimming interface ( “dimming” in Anglo-Saxon literature).

The upper element 2, housed at the top of the mast, comprises a light plate 400, equipped with a set of LEDs, coupled to a second module 200 (internal ref 105U) and communicating with the first module 100 located in the lower part of the mast. A third module 300 (ref 105S) is also coupled to block 200 and serves as a specific block comprising one or more sensors which will be described below.

The architecture further comprises a fourth module 600 (ref 105G), not shown in Figure 1, which serves as a gateway as shown in Figure 6, and which centralizes and reports all tracking information and dedicated management server statistics.

As can be seen in the figure, the first module 100 comprises a first interface 50 allowing the connection of conventional electrical power cables (Phase, Neutral and Earth), a second interface 30 allowing the connection of cables for coupling to the power supply 90 and finally a third interface 40 based on a cable allowing coupling to the second module 200. To simplify the description, the interface and the corresponding cable will be considered under the same numerical reference.

The detail of the connection of the first module 100 to the generic power supply 90 is illustrated in FIG. 2, where we see that the module 100 is coupled to the generic power supply 90 via the interface 30 which breaks down into three sets of connectors, IP68 type, intended to facilitate maintenance operations.

A first set of 31/32 connectors - respectively male and female, allows a connection of the module 100 to the power supply 90 for two conductors intended to allow the transmission of control signals for the gradation of the light intensity ("dimming" in Anglo-Saxon literature).

A second set of 33/34 connectors – respectively female and male – allows connection of the module 100 to the power supply 90, in order to allow the module 100 to receive a continuous supply voltage – for example 48 Volts – intended for the supply of the LEDs of the luminaire.

A third set of 35/36 connectors – respectively male and female – allows module 100 to be connected to power supply 90, in order to allow power supply 90 to receive via these connectors the 220 Volt supply voltage (resp. Phase , Neutral and Earth) under the control of the first module 100.

Finally, a connection allows the coupling of a temperature sensor 190 which will be positioned on the generic power supply 90, as close as possible to the heat source, in order to allow the first module 100 to track its operating temperature. .

As can already be seen in FIG. 2, thanks to the coupling produced by the various components of the interface 30, the module 100 is able to manage all the variables and parameters of the operation of the generic power supply 90, which will be noted that it is the cause of most of the breakdowns putting the luminaire out of service. Among these variables and parameters, module 100 measures and analyzes input voltage and current (connectors 35-36), output voltage and current (connectors 33-34), dimming parameters (connectors 31-32 ), as well as the operating temperature of this power supply 90 (link 39).

This cooperation between the power supply 90 – which is the power element of the luminaire – and the first module 100 which centralizes part of the intelligence of the system, allows constant and particularly effective monitoring of the operation of the power supply 90 specific to allow predictability of failures.

Returning to Figure 2, we see that the coupling of the first module 100 to the second module 200 located at the top of the mast, is carried out by means of the interface 40 which implements a 6-wire connector which will be described below, in relation to the structural diagram in Figure 3.

The first module 100 comprises a microprocessor 110 with its well-known associated components, such as memory components and input/output (I/O) units not illustrated, and which it is not necessary, for the sake of brevity , to develop further. Suffice it to say, however, that the memory components are used to store firmware instructions intended for carrying out the processes which will be described below, but also to store information and data relating to the operation of the various components of the system, and in particular of the power supply 90. For this purpose, a dedicated, non-erasable memory will be used to store statistical data making it possible to trace incidents linked to the operation of the power supply 90 or any other component. The microprocessor is powered by an AC/DC converter 140, protected by a lightning protection element 170 against overvoltages, and generally controls all the other components of the module 100, including a relay 120, a first block of measurement 130, an RS485 communication module 150, a second measurement block 160.

More specifically, the protection element 170 is coupled, at input, to the input interface 50 receiving the mains supply voltage (220V), comprising the conventional LIVE, NEUTRAL and EARTH circuits. At the output, element 170 is coupled to relay 120, measuring unit 130 and AC/DC converter 140.

The relay 120 comprises an input coupled to the element 170 and an output comprising two conductors coupled to the connectors 35-36 of the interface 30 with the power supply 90. The relay is an important element of the architecture because it is which allows, under the control of the microprocessor 110, the transmission of the supply voltage 220 Volts (for example, or 110 Volts) to the power supply 90 in order to control and monitor the operation of the latter during the operation of the luminaire, but also during the test phases which will be described later.

The first measurement block 130 comprises an input coupled to the protection element 170 and comprises circuits for analyzing and measuring the voltage/current couple, the results of which are transmitted by an appropriate circuit to the microprocessor 110. In a mode of particular embodiment, the measurement unit may include an analog-digital converter allowing the conversion of the input voltage into a digital representation which may be processed by the microprocessor 110.

The converter 140 comprises a first input coupled to the protection element 170. It therefore receives the supply voltage/current and generates a DC supply intended to supply all the control modules of the present architecture, in particular the modules 100, 200 and 300. It should be noted, and this is an important element, that the AC/DC converter is not intended to generate the power supply for the LED lamps which is generated by the power supply 90 under monitoring by the module 100. The AC/DC converter 140 therefore remains exclusively reserved for the supply of the modules 100, 200 and 300, allowing the contribution of the intelligence necessary for the implementation of the various functionalities described below. After.

The AC/DC converter 140 comprises two separate outputs, namely a first output intended for supplying the other components of the module 100 – for example 5 Volts, including the microprocessor 110 that can be seen in the figure, but also a second output which is coupled to two specific conductors of the interface 40 allowing the connection, along the mast, of the first module 100 to the second module 200 in order to provide the latter with a specific power supply, for example 12 Volts.

The RS485 communication module 150 comprises an input coupled to the microprocessor 110 and an output coupled to two other specific conductors of the cable 40 allowing the connection of the modules 100 and 200. This RS485 communication module 150 therefore makes it possible to carry out bidirectional communication between the microprocessor 110 of the module 100 and the microprocessor 210 of the module 200 located in the upper element 2 at the top of the mast of the luminaire.

Finally, a second measurement block 160 comprises an input coupled to the connectors 33/34 connected to the power supply 90, and comprises circuits for analyzing and measuring the output voltage/current (48 Volts for example) generated by the power supply 90 with a view to powering the LEDs, the results of which are transmitted by an appropriate circuit to the microprocessor 110. into a digital representation that can be processed by the microprocessor 110.

Finally, in a particular embodiment, the first module 100 may include an additional interface allowing direct access to the microprocessor via an external console, in particular for updating the computer program stored in the module 100.

The second module 200 located at the top of the mast has a similar architecture. There is a microprocessor 210 comprising all the accessory components well known to a person skilled in the art, but also an RS 485 220 communication module allowing coupling to the two specific conductors of the cable 40 receiving the communication data exchanged with the microprocessor 110 of the module 100, via module 150.

In addition, the module 200 comprises a wireless communication module 230 according to the LoRa protocol (Long Range Radio Wide Area Network in the Anglo-Saxon literature), connected to an antenna 900. This module allows the exchange of information according to a wireless protocol with the fourth module 600 (ref 105G not shown) which serves as a gateway for the return of all management information and statistics via a gateway 600 to a dedicated server 650 as shown in Figure 6.

The LoRa communication protocol is a well-known protocol allowing the deployment of a long-range wide area network. It is not necessary to develop it further. The reader will refer to the numerous articles present on the Internet, in particular:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRaWAN

FIG. 4 illustrates the detail of the coupling of the second module 200 to the first module 100 (ref 105L) and to the third module 300 (ref 105S), respectively via interfaces 40 and 390, by means of suitable IP68 connectors. The interface 40 with the first module 100 is made by means of a suitable cable connected via a six-conductor connector shown in the figure, while the interface 290 with the LED board uses a set of connectors 291/292 – respectively male and female – allowing the connection of two power supply conductors (+ 48 Volts for example) but also two additional conductors for the connection of a temperature sensor 280 located on the LED board. In addition, the 390 interface allows the coupling of the 200 module to the 300 module (ref 105S) allowing the introduction of additional specific sensors.

FIG. 5 illustrates in more detail the electronic diagram of the second module 200, and the essential components enabling the test functions which will be described below. It can be seen that the module 200 comprises a DC-DC converter 240 having an input receiving a continuous DC power supply extracted from two specific conductors of the interface 40, and generated by the AC/DC converter 140, and an output delivering a voltage adequate, independent of the length of cable 40 located in the mast, for powering the various components of modules 200 and 300.

Furthermore, the module 200 comprises a measurement element 260, similar to the elements 130 and 160 of the module 100, allowing the measurement of the operating parameters U, I and P of the LED board 400. In particular, the element 260 may comprise a analog/digital converter making it possible to transmit a digital version of the analog measurements carried out to enable the processor 210 to carry out the appropriate calculations. The input of the measuring element 260 is configured to receive the +48V DC voltage extracted from the interface 40, itself generated by the power supply 90, while the output of this same element is coupled to the interface 290 for powering the LED board. The other two conductors of the interface 290 being, as we have seen previously, dedicated to the transmission of the signal generated by the temperature sensor 280.

We also see in Figure 5 that the 390 interface with the third module 300 has two specific interface types, respectively UART3/I2C and GPIO to allow the coupling of various sensors and detectors, both digital and analog.

FIG. 6 illustrates the general architecture of the park of luminaires 610-1 to 610-n, communicating with a set of modules 600 (three modules being represented) which each serve as a “gateway” for transporting information via the Internet network 620 to a dedicated management and maintenance server 650.

Figure 7 illustrates the various hardware components used in a preferred embodiment for module 100.

Module 100 more specifically includes:

- a module 110 which is an STM32L type microprocessor…

- a module 111 which is an EEPROM memory

- a module 112 which is a PWM control for dimming the brightness

- a module 113 which is an internal operating test

- a module 120 which is a relay for cutting off the mains supply; in fact, if the input voltage is not within the predefined ranges, the relay is set to the OFF position to protect the 90 power supply from under or over voltage.…

- a module 130 which measures the AC voltage/current couple

- a 140 module which is an AC/DC converter needed to supply modules 100, 200 and 300.

- a 141 module which stabilizes the DC voltage

- a 150 module which provides RS485 communication between the 100 and 200 modules

- a module 160 which measures the DC voltage/current couple

- a 170 module which protects against electrostatic discharges

- a module 190 which is a temperature sensor which measures the operating temperature of the power supply 90.

Figure 8 illustrates the various hardware components used in a preferred embodiment for module 200.

Module 200 more specifically includes:

- a module 210 which is an STM32L type microprocessor…

- a module 213 which is an internal operating test

- a 240 module which is a DC/DC converter needed to supply the 200 module

- a 241 module which stabilizes the DC voltage

- a 220 module which provides RS485 communication between modules 100 and 200

- a 230 module which provides communication with the 600 module via the 900 module.

- a 250 module which measures the DC voltage/current couple

- a 280 module which is a temperature sensor which measures the operating temperature of the LED 400 board

Figure 9 illustrates the various hardware components used in a preferred embodiment for module 600.

Module 600 more specifically includes:

- a 610 module which is an AM4376 Cortex-A9 type microprocessor

- a 611 module which is an AT24C02 EEPROM

- a 612 module which is FLASH W25Q328V

- a 613 module which is an EMMC MTFC8GLDEA-4M memory

- a 614 module which is a DDR3L X 2 MT41K256 M16HA memory

- a 630 module which is an AC/DC converter needed to supply the 600 module

- a 640 module which is the LoRa module

- a 660 module which is an SD card reader

- a 670 module which is an Ethernet receiver / transmitter

- a 680 module which is a 4G module

- a 690 module which is a GPS module

The architecture that we have described allows the management of a fleet of luminaires of various types and various powers. It is particularly suitable for LED luminaires which are becoming widespread in street lighting.

The inventor has designed a very specific LED board, particularly suitable for the 100-300 modules described above, but which could also be considered independently of the other modules described.

Figure 10 illustrates a first embodiment of such an LED board designed by the inventor. This plate is based on a set of LEDs connected according to a mesh, that is to say comprising a set of P branches 410, 420, 430, 440 etc…. each comprising N LEDs. The branch 410 thus comprises N LEDs referenced respectively 410-1, 410-2, …, 410-n, while the branch 420 also comprises N LEDs referenced respectively 420-1, 420-2, 420-3, … 420-N etc…

One thus forms, by coming to connect in parallel the P branches 410, 420, ... a mesh of LEDs which are all connected in series (within the same branch), but also in parallel with the two neighboring LEDs coming from the previous branch and the next branch, and of the same rank within the branch.

More specifically, it is noted that the P branches are connected in parallel and that each individual LED of the first branch is also connected in parallel to an LED of a corresponding rank of the second branch. Similarly, each of the individual LEDs of the P th branch is connected in parallel with an LED of a corresponding rank of the P-1 th branch. Finally, as seen in Figure 8, each of the LEDs of all the other branches, with the exception of branches No. 1 and P, are connected in parallel to two LEDs of identical rank, respectively from a previous branch and a next branch.

This particularly original and unprecedented configuration is proving to be most advantageous. Indeed, it makes it possible to avoid that the failure of a single LED leads to the decommissioning of an entire branch of LEDs. In the proposed configuration, when an LED fails, it causes an open circuit, and the voltages and currents are reorganized around the other neighboring LEDs which will continue to illuminate and contribute to lighting the luminaire. And the decommissioning of the LED can be finely detected by the module 200 measurement blocks to allow real-time monitoring and report the incident to the dedicated maintenance server.

FIG. 10 illustrates a particular embodiment corresponding to a mesh of 144 LEDs, corresponding to a mesh of P=18 and N=8.

Figure 11 illustrates another embodiment of a 288 LED board, corresponding to a mesh of P= 36, N= 8.

It should be noted that if the plates of figures 10 and 11 are particularly advantageous when used in combination with the modules 100-400, one or the other of these plates can nevertheless be used independently of these modules 100-300.

The LED board is equipped with a 280 temperature sensor.

The architecture which has just been exposed previously allows the deployment of a fleet of luminaires, to be created or already existing and, as we will see now, which will each be subject to meticulous monitoring and in real time. in order to allow a detailed analysis of the operating conditions of the park, the operating parameters of each luminaire and the reported incidents, such as to allow the most advantageous predictability of failure.

II. Functioning

As we will now see, the first module 100 (ref 105L) is positioned at the bottom of the mast next to the power supply of the luminaire.

This module provides the interface between the mains (220Vac), the power supply and the entire system, excluding the LEDs of the luminaire. The connections between the module 100 (ref 105L), the module 200 (ref 105U) and the power supply 90 of the luminaire are provided by male/female connectors of the IP68 type, easy to handle for maintenance personnel.

This module allows, thanks to its processor, to control:

- Mains voltage

- The power consumed by the power supply of the luminaire

- The power factor of the power supply of the luminaire

- The temperature of the lighting supply

- The output DC voltage of the luminaire power supply

- The gradation of the light intensity

- The power supply of the luminaire

All the measurements and contextual analyzes that are carried out are transmitted from the module 100 to the module 200, with the aim of then being directed to the gateway 600 for maintenance management purposes.

We now describe, in relation to FIG. 12, a method aimed at carrying out the monitoring and analysis of the input voltage emanating from the electrical network.

The method starts with a step 1210.

Then, in a step 1220, the method performs, by means of the first measurement block 130, a measurement of the input parameters, namely the voltage supplied at the level of the interface 50.

Then, in a step 1230, the method performs a test on the relay 120 to determine whether the latter is activated (ON) or deactivated (OFF).

If the test of step 1230 reveals that relay 120 is deactivated (OFF), then the method returns to step 1220.

On the contrary, if the test of step 1230 reveals that the relay 120 is activated (ON), then the method goes to a step 1240 which consists of an additional test carried out by the first measurement block 130 to determine if the voltage of input available at interface 50 is within a first predefined voltage range, for example 115V-260Volts, in which case the method returns to step 1220.

On the contrary if, in step 1240, the input voltage at the level of the interface 50 is not included in the range of predefined values (for example 115-260 Volts), then the method continues with a step 1250 which is the start of a timer T.

Then the method continues with a step 1260 consisting of a new test, identical to that of step 1240, consisting in determining whether the input voltage is included in the range of predefined values, for example 115-260 Volts, in which case the method returns to step 1220.

On the contrary if, at the end of the time delay, the test of step 1260 reveals that the voltage V is still outside the range of predefined values 115-260 Volts, then the method continues with a step 1270 during which the processor 110 generates undervoltage or overvoltage incident information, as the case may be, and stores this information in a statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1280, the processor 110 performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency.

Then, in step 1290, the processor 110 generates an alarm reporting the incident and transmits it via the RS485 module 150 to the other modules 200-600, including the gateway 600 so that it routes it to the management server and to maintenance via the Internet.

This alarm, like all the alarms which will be described below with figures 13-19, are considered to be "predictive" insofar as they make it possible to anticipate a short-term malfunction of an important component such as the power supply. 90 or the 400 LED board.

FIG. 13 more specifically illustrates the monitoring and analysis of the consumption of the power supply module 90, and specifically the intensity output by the latter.

The method starts with a step 1310.

Then, in a step 1320, the method performs a measurement of the operating parameters of the power supply 90, and this by means of the measurement block 130 receiving, as input, the A/C power supply voltage and current and the block 160 generated by power supply 90.

Then the method continues with a step 1330 which consists in determining whether the intensity I and the power P are in a second and a third range of predefined values, in which case the method returns to step 1320.

If, in step 1330, it is determined that the I and P values are not within the predefined ranges, the method continues with a step 1340 during which the processor 110 generates incident information and stores this information in statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1350, the method performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency.

In a step 1360, the method performs a test on the frequency of incidents already reported and determines whether the frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold.

If the test of step 1360 shows that the frequency of incidents reported on I or P remains below the predetermined threshold, then the method continues with a step 1370 during which the relay 120 is deactivated.

Then the method continues with a step 1380 during which, at the expiration of a predetermined time delay, the relay 120 is reactivated so as to restart the power supply 90, and the method then returns to step 1320.

In the event that step 1360 has revealed a frequency of incidents already reported greater than the predetermined threshold, then the method continues goes directly to a step 1390 during which the processor 110 generates a predictive failure alarm transmitted to the modules 200- 600, so that this alarm can be forwarded via the Internet network to the management server.

As can be seen, thanks to the invention, the management and maintenance server is notified in real time of the conditions of use of the generic power supply 90, even when the latter does not include, by manufacture, means of remote transmission. Thanks to the cooperation of the various modules 100-200-600, the management and maintenance server can then automatically program an intervention on site in the days (weeks or months) to come to proceed with the replacement of the power supply 90 anticipated to be likely to break down. It will also be noted that, thanks to the general architecture of the luminaire, the replacement of the power supply 90 - located in the low position in the mast of the luminaire in question - can be carried out very simply by non-specialised personnel without having to resort to a bucket truck.

Figure 14 illustrates a power factor measurement and analysis process performed by module 100.

The method starts with a step 1410.

Then, in a step 1420, the method performs a measurement of the power factor of the supply 90 by means of the measurement information collected by the first measurement block 130 and the second measurement block 160. Concretely, to calculate the power factor, the efficiency of the power supply 90 is calculated by carrying out a calculation of a ratio between the input and output parameters of the power supply. Such a calculation is well known to a person skilled in the art and does not require additional development.

Then, the method carries out a test during a step 1430 consisting in determining if the power factor is greater than a predetermined threshold, in which case the method returns to step 1420.

If the test of step 1430 reveals a power factor lower than the predetermined threshold, the method continues with a step 1440 during which an additional test is carried out in order to determine if the power supply 90 is operating in "dimming" mode. (“dimming”).

If the power supply does not operate in dimming mode, the processor 110 commands the activation of the "dimming" mode in a step 1450, by means of appropriate control signals transmitted via the connectors 31-32, then the method returns to the step 1420.

If the power supply 90 is already operating in "dimming" mode in the test of step 1440, then the method continues with a step 1460 during which the processor 110 performs a reading of the data stored in the incident memory to determine if the power supply 90 has already been restarted several times during a predetermined interval, in a step 1461.

In a step 1462, the method performs a test on the frequency of incidents already reported and determines whether the frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold.

If the test of step 1460 reveals that the power supply has been restarted several times following incidents identified on the power factor, then the processor 110 generates a predictive alarm in step 1490 which is stored in the database. statistical data and is also transmitted to the blocks 200-600 as well as to the management and maintenance server to program a replacement operation of the power supply 90.

In the negative case, the method continues with a step 1470 during which the supply 90 is stopped.

Then, the method continues with a timeout step 1471, for example 10 seconds, restarted in step 1472 and then returns to step 1420.

It should be noted that various embodiments can thus be envisaged for carrying out a detailed analysis of the power factor and using it to program, if necessary, an operation to replace the power supply 90.

In a particular embodiment, when a measurement of the power factor appears below a predetermined threshold, the processor 110 operates a sequence of increasing variations on the power supply 90 in order to determine, if necessary, an impact of this variation on the power factor. The results of these successive measurements can then be used to control either the return to step 1420 (normal situation), or the generation of the alert in step 1490. Thus, concretely, if the processor detects a bad factor of power while the power supply does not operate any gradation, this processor executes a sequence of successive measurements with different levels of gradation (10%, 20% etc.) to analyze the impact of the gradation on the value of the power factor measured. If, after a certain dimming level, the power factor recovers, the processor will be able to distinguish this situation from an imminent failure situation in which the power factor remains bad for any dimming value.

In another embodiment, the processor 110 uses a look-up table comprising two inputs, namely the dimming rate and the temperature, and making it possible to give a power factor threshold to be used for the step test 1430.

As can be seen, a person skilled in the art will be able to adapt the present invention to various configurations and accuracies in the measurements of the power ratio.

We will now describe, in relation to FIG. 15, an embodiment of a method for analyzing the operating temperature of the power supply 90.

The method begins with a step 1510.

Then, in a step 1520, the method measures the operating temperature of the power supply 90, by means of the temperature sensor 190 positioned on the latter.

Then the method continues with a step 1530 which consists in determining whether the measured temperature is included in a fourth range of predefined values, in which case the method continues with step 1520.

If, in step 1530, it is determined that the measured temperature is not within the authorized value range, the method continues with a step 1531 during which the processor 110 generates incident information and stores this information in the statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1532, the method performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency.

In a step 1540, the method performs a test on the frequency of incidents already reported and determines whether the frequency remains below a predetermined threshold.

If the test of step 1540 shows that the frequency of incidents reported on the temperature measurement is below a predetermined threshold, then the method continues with a step 1541 during which the degree of gradation (dimming) is reduced by 10%.

Then the method continues with a step 1542 during which, at the expiration of a predetermined time delay – for example 2 minutes – the method then returns to step 1520.

If step 1540 has revealed a frequency of temperature measurement incidents already reported greater than the predetermined threshold, then the method continues goes directly to step 1550 to test the state of relay 120.

If the relay 120 is activated, then the method continues with a step 1560 during which the relay 120 is then deactivated. Then the method continues with a timeout step 1570 and then a step 1380 of restarting the relay 120 before returning to step 1520.

If the test of step 1550 results in finding a deactivated relay, the method then continues with a step 1590 during which the processor 110 generates a predictive failure alarm transmitted to the modules 200-600, so that this alarm can be rerouted via the Internet network to the management server.

Figure 16 illustrates another more concise embodiment of a method for analyzing the operating conditions of the LED board 400 and in particular the monitoring of all its electrical operating parameters U, I and P.

The method begins with a step 1610

Then, in a step 1620, the method performs a measurement of the operating parameters of the LED board and in particular the measurement of the voltage V, the intensity I and the power P consumed, and measured by the measuring element 260 located in module 200.

Then the method continues with a step 1630 which consists in determining whether these parameters U, I and P are included in a fifth range of predefined values, in which case the method continues with a step 1640 which consists in testing the state of the relay 120.

If, in step 1640, the relay is detected to be activated, then the method returns to step 1620. If not, the method activates the relay 120 in a step 1641, then returns to step 1620.

If, in step 1630, it is determined that the operating parameters V, I and P are not in the fifth authorized range of values, then the method continues with a step 1650 during which a test is carried out to determine if the triplet (V, I, P) is equal to (48,0,0) – representative of a complete malfunction of the LED board 400, in which case an alarm is immediately generated and transmitted to the maintenance server during a step 1690 for cause an immediate maintenance operation to replace the LED 400 board.

If the test of step 1650 is negative, then the method continues with a step 1651 during which the processor 110 generates incident information and stores this information in the statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1652, the method performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency.

In a step 1660, the method performs a test on the frequency of incidents already reported and determines whether the frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold.

If the test of step 1660 shows that the frequency of reported incidents is below the predetermined threshold, then the method continues with a step 1661 during which the degree of dimming is reduced by a predetermined amount, by example 10%.

Then the method continues with a step 1662 during which, at the expiration of a predetermined time delay - for example 2 minutes - the method then returns to step 1620.

If step 1660 has revealed a frequency of already reported LED operating condition measurement incidents greater than the predetermined threshold, then the method continues goes directly to step 1670 to test the state of relay 120.

If the relay 120 is activated, then the method continues with a step 1671 during which the relay 120 is then deactivated, then the method continues with a step 1672 during which, on the expiry of a predetermined time delay - by example 2 minutes - the method then returns to step 1620.

If the test of step 1670 results in finding a deactivated relay, the processor 110 generates a relay 120 activation control signal in a step 1680, then the method continues with a step 1690 during which a fault alarm predictive is transmitted to the modules 200-600, so that this alarm can be forwarded via the Internet network to the management server.

We now describe, in relation to FIG. 17, an embodiment of a method for analyzing the temperature of the LED plate.

The method begins with a step 1710.

Then, in a step 1720, the method measures the operating temperature of the LED board, by means of the temperature sensor 290 positioned on the latter.

Then the method continues with a step 1730 which consists in determining whether the measured temperature is included in a sixth range of predefined values, in which case the method continues with a step 1740 which consists in testing the state of the relay 120.

If, in step 1740, the relay is detected to be activated, then the method returns to step 1720. If not, the method activates the relay 120 in a step 1741, then returns to step 1620.

If, in step 1730, it is determined that the measured temperature is not within the authorized value range, the method continues with a step 1731 during which the processor 110 generates incident information and stores this information. in the statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1732, the method performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency.

In a step 1750, the method performs a test on the frequency of incidents already reported and determines whether the frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold.

If the test of step 1750 shows that the frequency of incidents reported on the temperature measurement is lower than the predetermined threshold, then the method continues with a step 1751 during which the degree of gradation (dimming) is reduced by 10%.

Then the method continues with a step 1752 during which, at the expiration of a predetermined time delay – for example 2 minutes – the method then returns to step 1720.

If step 1750 has revealed a frequency of temperature measurement incidents already reported greater than the predetermined threshold, then the method continues goes directly to step 1760 to test the state of relay 120.

If relay 120 is activated, then the method continues with a step 1761 during which relay 120 is then deactivated. The method then continues with a timeout step 1762 before returning to step 1720.

If the test of step 1760 leads to finding a deactivated relay, the method then continues with a step 1790 during which the processor 110 generates a predictive failure alarm which can then be transmitted to the modules 200-600, so that this alarm can be forwarded via the Internet to the management server.

Figure 18 illustrates a generalized communication monitoring method between module 100 and 200.

The method starts with a step 1810.

Then in a step 1820, the method detects the communication between the RS485 module 150 located in the module 100 and the RS485 module 220 located in the module 200.

In a step 1830, the method performs a test to verify the reception of the information.

If the data seem correct, the method continues with step 1840 and after a timeout of 10 seconds continues with step 1820 which restarts the operation

On the other hand, if the data seem to be erroneous, the method then continues with a step 1850.

If the test of step 1850 is positive, then the method continues with a step 1840.

If the test of step 1850 is negative, then the method continues with a step 1860 during which the processor 110 generates incident information and stores this information in the statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1870, the method performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency, during which the processor 110 generates a predictive failure alarm which can then be transmitted to the modules 200-600, so that this alarm can be forwarded via the Internet network to the management server.

Figure 19 illustrates a method for testing the sensors installed in the third module 300.

The method starts with a step 1910.

Then, in a step 1920, the method detects the sensors housed in the module 300, by means of an appropriate request transmitted via the appropriate analog UART3/I2C or digital GPIO interface.

In a step 1930, the method performs a test to verify the reception of a reception of a response from the sensor.

In the case of a response, the method then goes to a step 1960 to test the validity of the information collected relating to the sensor.

If the data appears to be correct, the method continues with step 1920.

On the other hand, if the data seem to be erroneous, the method then continues with a step 1970 during which the processor 110 generates a predictive fault alarm which can then be transmitted to the modules 200-600, so that this alarm can be rerouted via the Internet network. to the management server.

On the other hand, in the event of a response that is too late in the test of step 1930, the method continues with a step 1940 during which the processor 110 generates incident information and stores this information in the statistical data memory.

Then, in a step 1950, the method performs a reading of the statistical data memory and performs an analysis of this data to determine the number of incidents already reported and stored, as well as their frequency.

The method then continues with a step 1970 during which the processor 110 generates a predictive failure alarm which can then be transmitted to the modules 200-600, so that this alarm can be forwarded via the Internet network to the management server.

As described in relation to FIG. 6, the invention allows the monitoring and remote transmission of incidents detected on a fleet of street lights, so as to directly manage the lighting from the remote server 650, via a software configured for this purpose which is installed on a secure server and which is accessible from a computer, tablet or mobile phone.

The software allows in particular to:

- see all the luminaires installed on a 2D or 3D plan

1. a. Un luminaire
2. b. Pour un groupe dans une rue
3. c. Pour un groupe dans un secteur
4. d. Pour l’ensemble des luminaires

- Modify any ignition scenarios, dimming, etc. for:

1. To. A light fixture
2. b. For a group in a street
3. vs. For a group in a sector
4. d. For all lights

- Check the proper functioning of the lights

The software automatically analyzes all the information.

It acts on its own in the event of anomalies related to the environment. The operating parameters are defined at installation.

For example :
To. If the mains voltage is less than 100 VAC or greater than 270 VAC, the power supply to the luminaire is automatically cut off. As soon as the mains voltage returns to normal, it automatically restarts the power supply to the luminaire
b. If the driver temperature increases to +55°C it will dim the power supply by -10 or -20% to allow cooling. As soon as the temperature drops below +50°C it increases the dimming up to the set value.
vs. If the temperature of the LEDs increases to +50°C it will dim the power supply by -10 or -20% to allow cooling. As soon as the temperature drops below +40°C it increases the dimming up to the set value.

In the event of an anomaly linked to the system, it sends the information to the technical department in relation to the predictive intervention to be carried out

For example :
To. If the driver temperature increases to +55°C it will dim the power supply by -10 or -20% to allow cooling. If the temperature does not go down again after a certain time delay, it maintains the dimming and sends a message (SMS or email) of the type “Replace the power supply of luminaire N° to the following address: …”
b. If one of the 144 LEDs on the plate in figure 10 or the 288 LEDs on the plate in figure 11 is defective, the luminaire continues to operate normally by automatic compensation due to the novel wiring of the LEDs, as described in relation to Figures 10 and 11. If a second or third LED fails within a short period of time, a service life calculation is performed by means of the software. Taking into account the date of commissioning as well as the number of hours of operation, the message will be of the type "Replace the LED board, within the next three months, of luminaire No. at the following address: …"

During the warranty period, ie 10 years, the same message reaches us. We can thus anticipate the standard exchange of the defective part.

III. Advantages of the invention

With regard to the problem of maintenance, and its cost of implementation mentioned above, the present invention allows the deployment of a fleet of geolocated luminaires, which send information about their states in real time to the supervision.

Thus, there is no need to dispatch a team to carry out the readings on site and the luminaires can be replaced without delay.

In addition, the power supply being remote in the lower part of the mast, in the event of a breakdown (90% of cases) the intervention is carried out by a single person and without having to resort to specialized and expensive equipment, such as a bucket truck . In addition, since the luminaires are powered by 48V direct current, the staff is not required to have specific certification, further reducing maintenance costs.

The present invention also makes it possible to reduce the stock of spare parts since, thanks to the remote control electronics in the modules 100 of the park, and centralizing all the information in the same server, it becomes possible to control different types of luminaires , in particular luminaires from 30W to 150W, or from 90W to 300W (for luminaire ref 888D)

The present invention also makes it possible, thanks to the supervision and the feedback of all the measurements of the various parameters of the luminaires of the park, to analyze in a predictive manner, with precision, the appearance of a weakness in a luminaire. Thus it becomes possible to provide for the replacement of it before it breaks down and therefore maintain a fleet of luminaires in full operation at all times.

In addition, it should be noted that the specific wiring of the LEDs within the LED board prevents the loss of a single LED leading to a total loss of lighting. Thanks to the supervision of the operating parameters of the lighting board, the 100 and 200 modules make it possible to detect the failure of a single LED, then of a second and to transmit the corresponding information to the dedicated server via the 600 gateway. , so that it becomes possible to provide for the replacement of an LED board identified as being close to failure.

An additional advantage of the proposed invention lies in the fact that the module 600 (controller ref 105G) is geolocated, and can switch the lights on and off at specific times, depending on the sunset corresponding to the geolocation . This avoids sudden current surges associated with the simultaneous switching on of hundreds of lights. In addition, as the electric current is continuously present on the network because lighting lighting is managed by the 600 module (ref 105G), in the event of theft of the electric cables, the information is given instantly and geolocated.

Savings are thus measured, thanks to the invention:
- up to 80% on electricity consumption
- greater than 80% on the cost of maintenance.

Claims (9)

Street light, including:
- a lower element (1) located at the bottom of the mast comprising a power supply unit intended to power the luminaire (90) and a first module (100) comprising a processor (110) and switching means (120) controlled by said processor, comprising:
a first interface (50) for a first coupling to the electrical distribution network;
a second interface (30) for a second coupling to a power supply (90) intended to supply the luminaire;
a third interface (40) intended for a third coupling with a second module (200) located in an upper element (2) located at the top of the mast;
- an upper element (2) located at the top of the mast comprising
a second module (200) configured to be coupled to said first module, and an LED board (400) coupled to said second module by a fourth interface (290);
wherein the second interface includes conductors configured to receive electrical signals representative of a temperature sensor (190) transmitted to said processor; And
wherein the fourth interface includes conductors configured to receive electrical signals representative of a temperature sensor (280) positioned on the LED board;
wherein said first (100) and second (200) modules exchange information for monitoring the operating parameters of the power supply (90) and of the LED board (400) to generate predictive alarms of failures. Luminaire according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said first module comprises a first measurement module (130) for the input voltage and current parameters as well as a second measurement module (160) for the output voltage and current parameters. of said supply unit (90). Luminaire according to Claim 2, characterized in that the said second module comprises a third measurement module (260) for measuring the operating parameters of the said LED plate. Luminaire according to Claim 3, characterized in that the upper element 2 can comprise a third module (300) intended for the installation of additional sensors. Luminaire according to Claim 4, characterized in that the said second module (200) comprises wireless communication means (230, 900) allowing communication of incidents and statistical data of the operation of the luminaire to a gateway (600) connected to the network Internet. Luminaire according to Claim 5, characterized in that the wireless communication protocol used by the said second module is LoRa. A method for managing a luminaire as defined in claim 1 comprising the steps of:
- measure the input parameters, U/I/P, of the module 100 and trace the incidents relating to these parameters;
- measuring and tracing the output parameters, U/I/P, of the power supply unit (90) of the module 100 and tracing the incidents relating to these parameters;
- measure and trace the temperature parameters of the power supply unit (90) and of the LED plate (400) of the module 100 and trace the incidents relating to these parameters;
- measuring the power factor of the power supply unit (90) and tracing the incidents relating to these parameters;
- using the incidents relating to the aforementioned parameters to generate predictive fault alarms which are sent to the gateway (600) destined for a management and maintenance server (650). Luminaire according to claim 1 further comprising an LED plate intended for lighting, in which said LED plate comprises a set of LEDs organized according to a mesh of LEDs comprising a set of P branches (410, 420, 430, 440, etc.) each comprising N LEDs (410-1, 410-2, …, 410-n),
in which the P branches are connected in parallel, and
wherein each individual LED of the first branch is further connected in parallel to an LED of a corresponding rank of the second branch; And
wherein each individual LED of the Pth branch is connected in parallel with an LED of a corresponding rank of the P-1th branch; And
each individual LED of all the other branches, with the exception of branches n°1 and P, are connected in parallel to two LEDs respectively resulting from a preceding branch and from a following branch. Luminaire according to Claim 8, characterized in that the said LED plate (400) has a mesh of 144 LEDs, corresponding to a mesh of P=18 and N=8.