FR2844816A1 - Building insulation material has filling made from poultry feathers and down combined with thermoplastic fibres for bonding and structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulating material, designed to be supplied in rolls or sheets with outer skins, has a filling made from a mixture of poultry feathers and down combined with thermoplastic or natural fibres for bonding and structure. The fibres can be of a polymer with a surface melting point of 70 - 180 deg C, allowing the different components of the filling to be bonded together in a supple coherent layer. The insulating material, designed to be supplied in rolls or sheets with outer skins (2, 3) of a textile, non-woven or film material, has a filling made (1) from a mixture of poultry feathers and down combined with thermoplastic or natural fibres for bonding and structure. The fibres can be of a polymer with a surface melting point of 70 - 180 deg C, allowing the different components of the filling to be bonded together in a supple coherent layer. The proportion of feathers and down in the material is between 30 and 70 per cent by weight, while the proportion of fibres is between 10 and 70 per cent. One side of the material can be surfaced with a technical layer, such as aluminium film applied by adhesion under pressure, to give resistance to vapour, rain or fire.

Description

The present invention relates to a material which can be used as a product.

insulating

  particularly in the building sector.

  The most common insulating materials in the building are the products to

  glass wool or rock wool base.

  New products have appeared recently, consisting of one or more air bubble films, of thermoplastic material of the polyethylene type, supplemented by a

  aluminum protective film which also acts as a reflector.

  The present invention proposes, as a new industrial product, an insulation material also intended for the building, capable of being packaged in the form of rolls or in the form of plates, and which is composed of a mixture comprising a part of poultry feathers and feathers and, on the other hand, binding and structural fibers, which binding fibers are of thermoplastic material of the polymer type whose surface softening temperature is between 70 and 1800 ° C. to carry out, by means of a heat treatment of the mixture, a welding of the various constituents and thus to form a flexible, coherent sheet, in which are trapped said feathers and feathers and the structural fibers which, according to their nature and their quantity, also make it possible to also ensure a kind of binding and above all to give a swelling power to the material or other

  features as detailed below.

  Still according to the invention, the proportion of feathers and feathers is between 30 and 70% by weight, that of the binding or welding fibers is between 10 and 70% by weight and the proportion of structural fibers goes for example from nothing at 55%

in weight.

  According to another advantageous arrangement of the invention, the insulating material may comprise, on only one or on its two faces, a coating acting as a cleanliness layer, made of a textile or a nonwoven or of '' a paper or a film fixed by pressure bonding or by automatic stitching on a machine

suitable rectilinear textile.

  According to an alternative embodiment, the insulating material may also comprise, on only one of its faces or on its two faces, a coating of a technical nature such as for example a film of the kind of aluminum or textile, fixed by

  bonding, under pressure, which film acts as a vapor barrier, rain shield or fire barrier.

  Still according to the invention, in the case of an application of the insulation type for roofs and ceilings, this insulating material may comprise a sheet made up of 35 feathers, feathers and fibers, the thickness of which is between 80 and 200 mm, with

  a density between 6 and 30 kg / m3.

  According to an alternative embodiment, the material may include a sheet of feathers, feathers and fibers, the thickness of which is between 5 and 100 mm, with a density of between 20 and 60 kg / m3, for an application of the insulation type.

  thermal and acoustic for walls and floors.

  According to another alternative embodiment, for reinforced thermal and acoustic insulation, the material is in the form of a sandwich with a central part consisting of a sheet of feathers, feathers and fibers, the thickness of which is between 50 and 200 mm and whose density is between 6 and 30 kg / m3 and, on either side, or on one side only, a part also consisting of a sheet of feathers, feathers or fibers, of which l thickness is between 5 and 40 mm

  and whose density is higher, between 20 and 60 kg / m3.

  According to another possibility, still in the field of thermal and acoustic insulation, the invention relates to a complex product comprising one or more layers of feathers, feathers and fibers whose thickness is from 5 to 50 mm with a density ranging from 6 to 30 kg / m3, and one or more layers of an insulating material of the air bubble film type, the assembly being assembled as indicated above, by gluing, by hot-melt or by automatic stitching on an appropriate machine.

  The invention will be further detailed with the aid of the following description and the appended drawings, given for information only, and in which:

  - Figure 1 shows schematically, in section, a portion of an insulation article for application in roof and ceiling;

  - Figure 2 shows a section of a thermoacoustic insulation article.

  - Figure 3 shows a section of a variant of a thermo-acoustic insulation article.

  In general, the various insulating articles shown in section in the figures are made from poultry feathers and feathers, crushed or whole.

  These feathers and feathers are mixed with synthetic fibers and natural fibers as appropriate.

  The fibers used in addition to the feathers and feathers, allow to shape a three-dimensional structure, stable over time, which will give a certain consistency to the feathers and feathers, which are, by nature, very volatile

  without the possibility of giving them a shape and a volume stable over time.

  The fibers used in addition are of two types and have

different functions.

  Thus a first type of fibers qualified as binding fibers are made of a material of the polymer type. Under the effect of heat, these fibers partially or completely melt, which has the effect of depositing on all the constituent elements of the material: feathers, feathers and other fibers present, 5 dots of glue which allow an assembly of the constituents and that

  also allow a sheet to be formed using appropriate material.

  These binding fibers are of the single-component or two-component type. Their surface softening temperature is between 70 and 1800C for example. For bi-component fibers, one can benefit from a central core made of a material of the polymer type whose softening temperature will be, for example

  greater than 200'C. Only the envelope is made of a material of the polymer type whose softening temperature is between 70 and 1800. This type of fiber allows, when they stick together, to achieve a true three-dimensional mesh forming a network which serves to trap the feathers and other fibers known as structural fibers.

  The structural fibers can also consist of synthetic fibers but also of fibers of animal origin such as wool, rabbit hair

  or fibers of cellulosic origin such as cotton, linen, hemp.

  These structural fibers are chosen to withstand the softening and possible melting temperature of the binding fibers, that is to say a temperature of 70 to 1800. These fibers can also contribute to creating a three-dimensional network. The composition of the mixture for these structural fibers will depend on the

  desired characteristics of the insulating article, depending on its destination.

  A percentage of 30 to 70% by weight can be provided for feathers and feathers.

  For binder fibers, single-component or two-component, this percentage

  can range from 10 to 70% by weight depending on the desired density.

  As regards structural fibers, their percentage varies according to

  qualities desired at the level of the insulating article, quality provided by these fibers 30 themselves. The percentage of these structural fibers can therefore range from nothing to 55%.

  These structural fibers can indeed provide the product with a swelling effect.

  in the case of crimped fibers or fibers in a helical form; they can also provide a particular touch or even a functionality linked for example to the destination of the product, that is to say flame retardant treatment, anti-mite treatment, antistatic treatment, etc.

  The product is shaped in the form of a sheet and can thus receive on one or the other of its faces or on both, a complement in the form of fabric or film.

  adapted to the destination of the product.

  Thus, the web may include a product of the textile type and even a product of the non-woven type which constitutes a coating which can be described as a covering for cleanliness. Another coating, of a more technical nature, can for example be

  made of aluminum film or kraft paper.

  To achieve this complex, there are different possibilities. The assembly of the covering on the sheet of feathers, feathers and fibers can be carried out under pressure 10 and by the use of an adhesive. This glue can be sprayed onto the surface of the coating, or this coating can also have been previously coated. These adhesives can also be of the solvent, water type or even be

  made of thermoplastic material which, after heating, allows softening and they are then cooled to ensure bonding.

  The complexing operation can also be carried out by welding, that is to say by heating with or without the addition of material, carried out under pressure in an oven, the welding being carried out in fact by means of the binding fibers at the surface. of the web, which fibers, by softening or melting on the surface, allow the textile to be bonded, for example.

  Another procedure for carrying out this complexing operation can

  consist of the use of ultrasound to heat by points the sheet previously formed by applying the coating under pressure. This ultrasonic complexing operation also makes it possible to obtain a quilting effect, the geometry of which can vary depending on the distribution and the programming of the ultrasound.

  FIG. 1 represents an article for roof insulation, that is to say an article which has a very high coefficient of thermal insulation. This insulating article therefore comprises a mixture of feathers and feathers and fibers, as detailed above, constituting the central part. This central part forms a sheet 1 which can be packaged in the form of plates or in rolls as the case may be. The thickness of the sheet 1 constituting these plates or rolls is of the order of 80 to 200 mm with a

  density which is between 6 and 30 kg / m3.

  One of the surfaces of the sheet, for example that which is intended to be inside the building, may comprise a covering 2 of material 35 of the non-woven type. The external face, that is to say that which is subjected to bad weather, winds, rain, snow, may comprise a coating 3 of a more technical nature of the

like aluminum film.

  For wall insulation or ceiling insulation, the article may have a

  thickness thinner than that of articles for roof insulation. This thickness is for example between 5 and 100 mm with a density of the order of 20 to 60 kg / m3.

  The tablecloth 1 constituting this wall or ceiling insulation article, may also include a cleanliness covering of the grid or nonwoven type. The surface which is located towards the outside, i.e. the most exposed to variations

  climatic, may include an aluminum film coating.

  Figure 2 shows an insulating article which has insulation characteristics

  interesting both thermally and acoustically.

  This item comes in the form of a sandwich; it includes a tablecloth

  central 1 consisting of feathers and feathers and fibers, and this sheet 1 is enveloped by sheets 5 and 6 also made of a mixture of feathers, 15 feathers and fibers.

  The central part has a thickness of between 50 and 200 mm with a density of the order of 6 to 30 kg / m3 while the outer layers 5 and 6 have a thickness of 5 to 40 mm and a much higher density of around 20 to 60 kg / m3. As before, this insulating article may also include a non-woven type covering for cleaning and, depending on its destination, on the other surface, a covering made of an aluminum film which constitutes protection against the weather. FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of an insulating article which is also advantageous from the point of view of thermal and acoustic insulation. This article comprises a sheet 1 made of feathers, feathers and fibers whose thickness is 5 to 50 mm for example, with a density of 6 to 30 kg / m3. This ply 1 can be completed on one and / or the other of its faces, by a coating 7 consisting of a film, for example a bubble film, a wool wadding or any other thin insulator, which film 30 may itself include on its external surface, a reflective film 8 of material of the

aluminum type.

  This insulating complex, of small thickness, can form a coherent sheet by means of an assembly of the different layers either by gluing or by thermofusion.

  or by automatic stitching, on a suitable machine.

Claims (10)

- CLAIMS   1.- Insulation material for the building, capable of being packaged in rolls or in sheets, characterized in that it is composed of a mixture comprising, on the one hand, poultry feathers and feathers and, d on the other hand, binding and structural fibers 5, which binding fibers are made of thermoplastic material of   polymer type whose surface softening temperature is between 70 and 1800C, so as to achieve, by means of a heat treatment of the mixture, a welding of the various constituents and in particular of the structural fibers, and thus form a sheet flexible, consistent, in which are trapped said 10 feathers and feathers.   2. Insulation material for the building according to claim 1, characterized in   that the proportion of feathers and feathers is between 30 and 70% by weight.   3.- Insulation material for the building according to any one of   Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the proportion of binding fibers is between 10 and 70% by weight.   4.- Insulation material for the building according to any one of   Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a proportion of fibers of   structure ranging from nothing to 55% by weight.   5. Insulation material for the building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises, on one only or on its   two sides, a covering acting as a cleanliness layer, which covering consists of a textile or nonwoven, or paper or film fixed under pressure by gluing, or   by automatic stitching on a straight textile machine.   6. Insulation material for the building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises on one only or on its   two sides, a coating of a technical nature which is in the form of a film of material of the aluminum or other kind, fixed by pressure bonding, having   including a vapor barrier, rain barrier or fire barrier function.   7. Insulation material for the building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a ply (1) consisting of   feathers, feathers and fibers, whose thickness is between 80 and 200 mm with a density between 6 and 30 kg / m3, for an application of the insulation type roof and ceiling insulation.   8. Insulation material for the building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a sheet (1) made of   feathers, feathers and fibers, whose thickness is between 5 and 100 mm with a density between 20 and 60 kg / M3, for an application of the insulation type   thermal and acoustic for walls or floors.   9.- Insulation material for the building according to any one of   Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is in the form of a sandwich 5 comprising a central ply consisting of feathers, feathers and fibers, of which   the thickness is between 50 and 200 mm with a density between 6 and 30 kg / m3 and, on either side of this central ply, or on one side only, an additional layer in the form of a ply also of feathers, feathers and fibers, the thickness of which is between 5 and 40 mm with a density of 10 between 20 and 60 kg / m3.   10.- Insulation material for the building according to any one of   Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is in the form of a complex comprising at least one layer of feathers, feathers and fibers whose thickness is of the order of 5 to 50 mm with a density of between 6 and 30 kg / m3 and at least one film of the bubble film type, which film is fixed by gluing, thermofusion or stitching   automatic on a suitable machine.