FI116576B - main and secondary beams - Google Patents

Description

116576

main and secondary beams

The invention relates to a grate beam which can be used as a load-bearing structure in horizontal structures of buildings.

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The grate beam as a load-bearing horizontal structure is known per se and has been used in buildings, e.g. in the structures of the bottom, mid-bottom and top. This load-bearing structure is covered by a suitable plane element, such as a floor and the like, or a ceiling element and the like.

Such an element may be mounted on a grate beam either as an articulated structure or fixed to the grate beam so that it can act as part of the load-carrying members of the structure.

It is also known that the grate bar is formed of interlocking modules. Examples of such structures include a grate beam consisting of frame elements disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,600,869. On the other hand, the Finnish patent application 19992501 is known as a grate bar, which is based on a box element with a square cross-section. The grate beam 20 is formed of these elements by connecting them sideways to each other. drawing up ;; ; the homes are substantially open from both the top and the bottom, whereby the load-bearing structure * consists primarily of vertical walls of boxes. In both constructions. . In tea, the grate bar is a regular square. In the structure of U.S. Patent No. 3,600,869! .. *, the frame elements are joined to each other at angles 25 in a diagonal such that the bearing structure has a width and longitudinal direction: parallel to the diameter of the square. The modular dimension of the structure's width can * i | . · · ·! be the diameter of one frame element. In the structure described in the Finnish patent application, the directions of the box walls define the longitudinal and width directions of the load-bearing structure, and the structure 30 forms a rectangular grate. The plate modular dimension of the structure is pre-. · The combined length of the parallel walls of two adjacent boxes. The positioning of the elements in the load-bearing structure 2 1 1 657 6 with respect to the longitudinal direction, respectively the width direction, also causes a difference in the stiffness of the structures in different directions of the structure. In the structure described in Finnish Patent Application 19992501, the grate beam consisting of box elements is not presented as a load-bearing structure as such, but is part of a composite structure comprising a slab structure above and / or below to which the grate beam is rigidly connected.

JP4330140 describes a structure in which the octahedrons forming the structural modules are compressed by prestressing, which means that generally all the vertical and oblique sides are compressed, especially the edge between them. The tensile forces are transmitted only in the prestressed steels passing through the rings. Being too close to the neutral level, they are far from efficient, but still extremely stressful, a factor that jeopardizes the stability of the system.

US4711057 contains a description of a structure which is suitable both as a geodesic spherical dome and as a horizontal structure, which as such is already a contradiction. The boxes shown in Figures 2 and 8 of the publication are ideally suited to a spherical block structure, but not, for example, to the pillar horizontal plane. Assume that the latter has a regular pillar division and a horizontal plane made from the above boxes. In this case, the two side walls *: · *: in addition to the usual shear forces, also carry compressive and tensile forces along the top and bottom edges in the absence of flanges.

: ..,: 25 The steel bars in the structure behave the same in terms of compressive and tensile forces. Usually, the forces are transmitted along the shortest, but also the stiffest, path:. Here, forces are transmitted to the pillars both directly through the rods and * * »'...: intricately along the edges of the double side walls.

In another embodiment described in this publication, the forces are transferred directly to the pillars through the steel plates in the structure, but the structure: 'doubles its own weight, leaving inefficient material in the structure.

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The structure also results in extra welding work. The structure must also have separate entries for wiring, etc. The height-to-width ratio of the structure is ineffective in the case of a horizontal structure. It is not possible to make a box structure on one piece of disk.

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The German publication DE2745321 contains a triangular element structure which, when applied to a pillar horizontal plane system, results in a multi-directional double-wall structure, and material loss, respectively. The structure is not suitable as a midsole structure.

It is an object of the present invention to take advantage of the manufacturing and operating advantages of the box structure and to provide a grate beam having good stiffness properties of the oblique structure and the trapezoidal beam in substantially all directions. This is accomplished by a grate bar, the essential features of which are apparent from the appended claim 1.

This solution can be achieved by a slant, which in fact: ...; 20 is comprised of intersecting beams having horizontal flanges and a vertical web connecting the flanges. The web extends meandering between the flanges: moving from one end of the flanges to the opposite edge of the flanges by interconnecting wall elements. The resulting • · »;. ': The grate structure is extremely bending stiff in all directions.

25th . More specifically, on the other hand, vertical neutral-level other-! Turning to a trapezoidal neutral surface reduces the risk of buckling and rotation of the side walls of the boxes, while improving the bending stiffness of the oblique structure compared to a straight grate because the crossing bars • '30 better follow the stress,.,., Curves of a simply loaded tile. the beams are roughly where they are needed.

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However, there is nothing to prevent k.o. grate structure as a direct grate.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of the accompanying drawing, wherein

Figure 1 illustrates an 8-angled base element for providing a grate beam according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a grate beam formed from base elements according to Figure 1, perpendicular to its plane, and

Fig. 3 shows a grate beam in accordance with the invention formed by the simplest 6-angled basic element, 15

Figure 4 illustrates a grate bar according to the invention which can be obtained from polygonal basic elements.

Fig. 1 shows a basic element 20 of the grate beam according to the invention, a box element 2. This box element consists of a box *: · delimited by vertical walls 4 and 5. There are a total of 8 walls, i.e. a box cross-section of 8. The diagonally opposed walls 4,% 5, respectively, are of the same width, and in the embodiment shown in the figure, so that the walls 4 are narrower than the walls 5. In addition, the box element has peripheral flanges 3 'and 3' extending horizontally from the corresponding wall to the box top surface, respectively, to the bottom surface of the box. · The reach of the flanges to these surfaces is delimited by the direction of the corresponding wall '* ·. 'dimension a shall be at least equal to the perpendicular extent of page 4 from page 5.

· '30 The flanges 3 "projecting to the bottom surface of the box are dimensioned in parallel with the flanges 3' projecting to the lid surface.

116576 5 These box elements are joined sideways to each other by shorter walls 4, forming the boxes as a grating beam, as shown in Figure 2. These interconnected short vertical walls form upright supports in the web of the trapezoidal beam of such a length and orientation that they are extremely difficult to deform.

Preferably, the grate structure is formed into a modularly dimensioned element structure by connecting two boxes 2 parallel to the element. In the longitudinal direction, parallel boxes are attached to the element according to the desired element length. For example, the module's width (dimension W in figure 2) can be 3.0 m and length 12 m (dimension L in figure 2), which requires boxes to measure 1.5 x 1.5 m.

Fig. 2 illustrates a grate according to the invention formed by 15 box elements 2 connected side to side, only a part of which is shown in the drawing. The box elements according to Fig. 1 are joined to one another by narrower walls 4, whereby the wider walls 5 define the grate openings 7 between the boxes. The openings defined by the flanges 3 'in the middle of the box element 2 are denoted by reference numeral 8.

20 ,,. Fig. 2 also depicts a dashed beam 12 formed by the flanges 3 '(and respectively:.' 'Flanges 3' below), with which the crossed beam '· having the corresponding structure 13 is correspondingly outlined by double »· dashed lines. alternately formed by a vertical wall 5 of the first box element 2, two upright facing walls 4, one wall of the first box element and the other of the second box element angled therewith, a second element of the second box element, two opposed vertical walls 4, etc. The bending stiffness of the grate 30 is provided firstly by the resulting oblique structure and, secondly, by a beam web that is kneeling in the manner described above.

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Figure 2 also shows the attachment of the pillar 9 to the grate structure.

Many different solutions that can be used by one skilled in the art can be used.

5 In this example, diagonal supports 10 are connected to pillar 9, which in turn are connected to boxes with built-in partial trusses 11 which form both a truss, i.e., between the columns of the beam, and diagonally away from the pillars of the projection beam. The diagonal carriers 10 are provided in the form of l-beams high in the interior of the box, which are suitably secured to the box structure and the pillar. The part trusses 11, in turn, are provided in the form of rod structures which run in the diagonal plane of the boxes.

Figure 3 shows an alternative grate beam construction according to the invention, which consists of box elements 15 similar to those shown in Figure 1, but with a 6-cross-section. This cross-sectional shape is the simplest of which the grate bar according to the invention can be assembled. The embodiment shown in the figure has opposite walls 34, 34 'of the box element; 35, 35 '; 36, 36 'are of different lengths, however, such that all shorter walls 34, 35, 36 are of equal length to each other, and accordingly, all longer walls 34', 35 ', 36' are of equal length to each other. In this construction, the central opening 38 of the box test elements is triangular.

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Figure 4 shows yet another embodiment of the grate beam of the invention, wherein the box elements are 12-angles in cross-section.

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»» »'; I. * In each of the grate beams described above, the vertical walls of the box elements joined together · · · · and the associated flanges form a crossing trapezoidal beam.

: ·; 30,: The grating bar shown in Figures 2, and 4 may function as such. .: as a load-bearing horizontal structure on which the pre-116576 7 can be mounted as a floor-hinged structure. Correspondingly, the grate may consist of box test elements with a suitable cladding plate fixed to the surface.

The grate bar shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 is also suitable as a cover for covered indoor and outdoor spaces on which glass is mounted. Whether the glass is also partly structural depends on the conditions under which it is installed.

The grate beam according to the invention has also proved to be particularly useful in composite structures in which a slab structure fixedly connected to the grate beam is part of the load-bearing structure. This tile may be above and / or below the grate, depending on the application. Instead, the opposite side of the structure may have a sound and heat insulating caulking tile that is not part of the load-bearing structure.

15 The level structure attached to the grate beam may be a concrete slab, cast as an element or in situ, rigid or articulated. Rigidly attached can be, for example, a studded composite slab or beam, applied to the box racks, as well as an element fixed to the box elements, for example by means of a friction bolt.

O 20 ..!: 'The planar structure may also consist of tiles, plates, sandwich panels' * or the like, which are rigidly or pivotally attached to the upper and / or lower trusses of the box elements, of the same material and / or different from the grate structure.

The box elements 2, 32, 42 are suitably made by bending the metal plate. . la from a single track and connecting the ends of the track in one of the emotional

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*:;. * come in the way, or more pieces using laser cutting and welding. Likewise, the holes can be made by laser cutting, other cutting techniques or punched mechanically. The box element itself does not set requirements for the manufacturing technique.

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Similarly, for fixing the box elements sideways to each other, suitable fasteners, such as screw or bolt fastening, known in the art are used.

As shown in Fig. 1, the walls of the box elements, preferably the exposed walls 5, can be lightened by aperture structures which are shaped and dimensioned according to the particular structure. At the same time, these openings provide suitable conduits for piping and electrical wiring.

10 The walls of the box elements may be all apertured or closed, or some of them apertured, etc.

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Claims (4)

116576 A grate beam consisting of vertical wall-connected 5 angular elements (2, 32, 42) of at least 6 angles in cross-section and opposed vertical walls (4-4, 5-5, 34-34 ', 35-35) '36-36', 44-44, 45-45) having a certain length are parallel, the elements being connected to each other by two short vertical walls (4, 34, 35, 36, 44), characterized in that all vertical walls are provided with substantially flush (3 ', 3 ", 33', 33", 43 ', 43 ") flanges (3', 3", 33 ', 33 ", 43', 43") extending substantially at the top and bottom respectively of the cavity, wherein the sidewalls of the open cavity form intersecting trapezoidal beams (12,13) the webs and the flanges of the panel form their upper and lower flanges respectively Grate beam according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flanges protrude from each wall by the same distance (a) and that the projection is at least a perpendicular projection of the shortest wall (4, 34, 35, 36, 44) from the adjacent wall (5, 34 ', 35). ', 36', 45). • \ 20 ... 3. A grate beam according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the opposite vertical walls (34-34 ', 35-35', 36-36 ') of the prefabricated elements have different *' lengths but adjacent vertical walls [34: (35 ', 36 '); 35 (34 ', 36'); • * ¥ 36: (34 ', 35')] are the same length. : · * ·: 25 Grate bar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that; * 'The opposite vertical walls (4-4, 5-5, 44-44, 45-45) of the prefabricated elements are of the same length and adjacent to them [4: (5.5); 5 (4.4); 44 (45.45); '45: (44,44)] The vertical walls are of equal length. 30 116576