ES2726226A1 - PREFABRICATED CONCRETE POST (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Precast concrete post, especially of high height, for the support of structures, comprising one or more prefabricated concrete sections, joined together where appropriate by removable mechanical joints, and with the possibility of using a removable mechanical joint between the foundation and a thickening as a foot at the lower end of the post. In the case of a single section, a metal structure in support lattice is used to move the post to its location. The section or sections of the post are prefabricated concrete elements, made by self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without centrifugation. The invention presented provides the main advantage of allowing high-rise, removable and reusable precast concrete poles to be achieved, with easy transport, lower economic cost and much faster assembly. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Precast concrete post

The present specification refers, as its title indicates, to a prefabricated concrete post, especially of high height, of the type used especially in airports, large car parks, sports stadiums, etc. for the support of structures, comprising one or more prefabricated sections of concrete, joined together where appropriate by removable mechanical joints, and with the possibility of using a removable mechanical joint between the foundation and a foot-like thickening at the end bottom of the post. In the case of a single section, a metal structure in support lattice is used to move the post to its location. The section or sections of the post are prefabricated concrete elements, made by self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without centrifugation.

The structure or structures supported by this type of high-rise pole can be lighting, video surveillance, photography, alarm, meteorological installations, air pollution parameter meters, bird scarers, etc ..., or a combination of them.

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to the field of prefabricated concrete posts, of high height.

Current state of the art

At present, the use of high-rise posts is frequent for the support of structures that house a large number of technical elements, they are widely used in large areas, such as airports, large parking lots, sports centers, etc ... These posts are Made mainly in concrete, due to its high structural strength for high heights, from 25 or 30 meters.

There are multiple references to this type of posts, as for example we can find reflected in Patents EP0561101 "Equipment for the production of conical posts for industrial use for lighting and similar applications", ES0151929 "Post for lighting devices", ES0254993 "System of construction of removable prestressed concrete posts " and ES2291053 " System for manufacturing and joining sections of hollow reinforced and / or prestressed concrete posts ", but these posts suffer from a series of constructive and economic problems.

The posts need to ideally reach a height between 30 and 50 m. at least to achieve good effectiveness. This causes that, in many cases, they must be composed of at least two sections, to allow transport by road, which is usually limited to 20/25 m. These sections are usually manufactured, to achieve a hollow truncated conical structure, of reduced diameter and great height, by means of rotating molds, by centrifuging the concrete. These molds are very expensive, and difficult to monetize, which influences the final cost of the product. They also impose a series of technical requirements, such as the impossibility of elements outside the truncated conical structure that may be needed, such as a concrete foot of greater width for anchoring to the ground. This is usually mitigated by auxiliary metal support pieces, which must be added later to the concrete rotation process, making the economic cost more expensive. A classic example of this type of construction by means of rotating molds is found in the patent ES0262978 "Hollow post of reinforced concrete", where we can check the complexity of its construction process.

On the other hand, the sections or sections that make up the total height of the post need a joint between them, which is usually done, as they cannot add connecting or joining elements during the rotational mold manufacturing process, leaving part of the slab out of the concrete, so, during assembly, proceed to weld each other of the slabs of two consecutive sections, to an in-situ concreting of said joint, with its corresponding setting time, and a subsequent coating with a decorative cover and protective of the union. This can be found described in Patent ES0192199 "Improvements in the construction of reinforced concrete poles." This forces a fairly high work time, which is sometimes complicated by the special safety requirements or working time of some facilities such as airports It also has the disadvantage that this type of union is not removable without destroying part of the section, so it is not reusable if necessary in another location.

As an alternative to this process of joining between sections, the method described in Patent ES2291053 "System for manufacturing and joining of hollow sections of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete poles" is also known, which consists in providing the upper part with a section of a truncated housing inside, in which a male truncated conical termination is introduced at the bottom of the next section, with an adhesive, resin or bonding cement, but has the disadvantage of complicating the fabrication of the sections quite a bit, in addition to also disabling subsequent disassembly if necessary.

Finally, Patents ES0253993 "A procedure for erection of reinforced concrete posts" and US2015322665A1 "Column shoe" show some examples of mechanical joints between a column and its support, or between elements of a post, which until now have not been used never in the construction of prefabricated concrete posts because it is also not possible to insert them in elements manufactured in concrete molds by centrifugation.

Description of the invention

To solve the current problem regarding the manufacture, assembly and reuse of high-rise concrete poles, solving existing problems and improving the state of the art, the precast concrete post object of the present has been devised The invention, which comprises one or more prefabricated sections of concrete, joined together by removable mechanical joints in the case of several sections, the bottom section being provided with a foot-shaped thickening manufactured at the lower end of the post. The post can be supported on a foundation by means of a removable mechanical joint applied between said prefabricated foundation piece and the foot-like thickening. Optionally it is provided that the post can be located using conventional fixed foundation.

This concrete pole is preferably used for supporting high-rise structures. The structure or structures supported by this type of high-rise pole can be lighting, video surveillance, photography, alarm, meteorological installations, air pollution parameter meters, bird scarers, etc ..., or a combination of them.

The invention also comprises a metal structure in lattice, reusable, to facilitate the movement of the post, if it is formed by a single section. In this way, it is possible to transport high-rise posts in a single piece, of more than 30 m. in length, without breakage problems.

If necessary, by joining two, or more sections of lengths less than 30m., Typically between 20 and 25m. more easily transportable in conventional transport for large elements, prefabricated concrete posts of greater height can still be achieved, adapting to all needs.

The section or sections of the post are prefabricated concrete elements, made by self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without centrifugation. They are preferably used for lightening, and to create the internal hollow, a plurality of cylindrical tubes and rigid PVC coupling parts, which are inserted into the mold before concrete pouring.

It is characteristic of the invention that, as a consequence of its manufacture of conventional static mold, it is possible that the lower section of the post has a thickening, as a foot, to facilitate the union with the foundation, made of the same material as the rest of the section and simultaneously in the mold. This foot preferably takes the form of a cylindrical base provided with a plurality of inclined reinforcements to provide rigidity to the assembly, distributed radially in the upper part of the cylindrical base, and is provided with a plurality of vertical through radially distributed perforations of alternate way with reinforcements.

Removable mechanical joints can be made using any of the different types of removable mechanical joints available on the market for precast concrete elements. It is envisaged that they preferably use joints comprising at the upper end of each section a plurality of threaded rods, with an optional metal disk, and at the lower end of the upper section or sections a plurality of angular metal parts inserted in the concrete, provided in its lower part of perforations and with an open cavity in the wall of the section for access to the upper part of the perforation. In this way nuts are used on the threaded rods to secure the lower part of the metal parts on the upper part of the other section.

This prefabricated concrete post that is presented, also includes a characteristic assembly procedure, in which the elements are first transported, then the foundation preparation, then, if necessary, the section joint is made lower with the upper section, and of the upper sections with each other in case there is more than one, and finally the lifting and fixing of the post on the foundation is carried out.

Advantages of the invention

This prefabricated concrete post that is presented provides multiple advantages over those currently available, the most important being that the sections or sections of the post are prefabricated concrete elements, made by self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without centrifugation, notably reducing the cost of manufacturing by requiring simpler molds without rotation, and allowing the insertion of elements and the realization of footing as an integral part of the post.

The use of conventional static molds also allows the necessary elements for removable mechanical joints to be inserted into the walls of the post sections, without the need for subsequent operations.

Another important advantage is that all joints between prefabricated elements are removable, leading to quick and easy disassembly, without causing damage to the post, and its reuse in another location, if necessary. Also, by using removable mechanical joints, the need to splice the sections by welding the slabs, concreting, setting and coating is eliminated, all done in-situ at the location of the post and consuming a lot of time and resources in a conventional assembly.

Another of the most important advantages to highlight is to allow, by joining two, or more sections, of length less than 30m., To obtain prefabricated concrete posts of great height, removable and reusable, transportable by conventional procedures, adapting to all needs with a lower economic cost and with a much faster assembly.

We must not fail to emphasize that the use of a lattice support structure for the manipulation of the post, if it is formed by a single section, greatly facilitates its transport, also allowing the transport of a 30m post. or more in length, completely prepared from the factory with the internal wiring, both electrical and mechanical, already installed, thus facilitating its assembly even more.

Description of the figures

To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred practical embodiment of a precast concrete post has been shown in the attached drawing. In said plane Figure 1 shows an elevation view of an example of a pole with a single section, mounted on its foundation, with an enlarged detail of the interior lightening, and another enlarged detail of the joint between the foot of the lower end of the section bottom of the post with the foundation.

Figure 2 shows an elevational view of an example of a pole, in an alternative embodiment with two sections, mounted on its foundation, with an enlarged detail of the interior lightening, and another enlarged detail of the joint between the foot of the lower end of the lower section of the post with the foundation.

In figure 3 we can see an elevation and plan view of the thickening of the lower end of the post.

Figure 4 shows the detail of the elements of an example of removable mechanical joint, before joining.

Figure 5 shows the detail of the elements of an example of removable mechanical joint, once the joint is completed and the sections secured together.

Finally, Figure 6 shows several views of the lattice metal structure for the transport of the post, if it is formed by a single section of great length.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The constitution and characteristics of the precast concrete post can be better understood with the following description made with reference to the attached figures.

As can be seen in Figure 1, an example of a pole embodiment is illustrated comprising

- a prefabricated section (1) of concrete, with a hollow conical section with diameters significantly smaller than the height, and

- a foundation (4) inserted into the ground (5) and which is related by a removable mechanical connection with the lower end of the section (1) of the post, which has a foot-like thickening, of the same material as the rest of the section.

In Fig. 2, an example of an alternative embodiment of a pole is illustrated, comprising

- a section (1) and an upper section (2), prefabricated of concrete, with a hollow truncated conical section with diameters markedly smaller than the height, joined together by a removable mechanical joint (3), and

- a foundation (4) inserted into the ground (5) and which is related by a removable mechanical connection with the lower end of the section (1) of the post, which has a foot-like thickening, of the same material as the rest of the section.

In both embodiments it is provided that, optionally, the post can be located using conventional foundation (4) by direct insertion of the post into the foundation (4), without removable mechanical connection with the lower end of section (1) of the post.

In the first embodiment it is characteristic, as we can see in Figure 6, the use of a reusable lattice metal structure (29), under which the post formed by a single section (1) is suspended, in solidarity by means of fixing elements (30) during its movement. This lattice metal structure (29) allows the transport of the post from the factory with the internal wiring of the section (1), both electrical and mechanical, already installed, thus facilitating its assembly even more.

In the second embodiment, with the post formed by several sections (1,2), the transport is carried out by means of conventional platforms or semi-trailers for long-distance transport, although it is optionally provided that the lattice metal structure (29) could also be used, under which the different sections (1,2) that make up the post would be suspended, in solidarity with fixing elements (30) The post sections (1,2) are prefabricated concrete elements, made by self-compacting concrete and metal forging , using a conventional static mold without spin.

Both in Figure 1 and in Figure 2 we can see an enlarged detail in which it is shown that both the section (1) and the upper section (2) are preferably lightened by the insertion of rigid cylindrical tubes of PVC (11), of decreasing diameters, related to each other by means of coupling pieces (12) also made of PVC, forming the inner hollow of the post. This insertion of rigid cylindrical pipes and PVC coupling parts is carried out during the manufacturing process of the pole sections, by inserting them into the mold before pouring self-compacting concrete, being integral with the concrete wall.

Also, in both figures 1 and 2 we can see another enlarged detail of the connection between the foot of the lower end of the section (1) of the post with the foundation (4).

In figure 3 we can see how the thickening of the lower end of the section (1) of the post, adopts the shape of a cylindrical base (13) provided with a plurality of inclined reinforcements (14) to provide rigidity to the assembly, distributed radially in the upper part of the cylindrical base (13), and is provided with a plurality of vertical through holes (15), radially distributed alternately with the reinforcements (14). The removable mechanical joints (3) can be made using any of the different types of removable mechanical joints available on the market for precast concrete elements. One of these possibilities is shown in Figures 4 and 5, in which the removable mechanical joints (3) comprise

- at the top end of the section (1,2) of the post a plurality of threaded rods (23), radially distributed and inserted in the concrete of the walls, optionally complemented with a metal disk (22), integral with the concrete of the walls and pierced by threaded rods (23) and

- at the lower end of the upper section (2) a plurality of metal parts (24) in the form of "L" inserted in the concrete of the wall, provided in its lower part with perforations (25) of dimensions, positioning and distribution according to the threaded rods (23), and with an open cavity (26) in the wall of the section for access to the upper part of the perforation (25), using nuts (27) on the threaded rods (23) to ensure the lower part of the metal parts (24) on the metal disk (22) where appropriate, or the upper part of the section located below.

This prefabricated concrete post that is presented also includes a characteristic assembly procedure, comprising

- a first phase of transport of the elements,

- a second phase of foundation preparation (4),

- an optional third phase of joining section (1) with the upper section (2) if it exists, and the upper sections (2) with each other if there is more than one, and

- a fourth phase of lifting and fixing the post on the foundation.

The transport phase of the elements is carried out, in case of being composed of a single section (1), by using a reusable lattice metal structure (29), under which the post is suspended jointly by means of elements of fixing (30) during its movement, releasing these fixing elements (30) once the elements are located on the floor next to their mounting point, and removing the metal structure in lattice (29). In case of being composed of several sections (1,2) the transport will be carried out by conventional procedures for elements of great length, such as trucks with platform, or semi-trailer trucks in two parts that are usually called “dollys”.

The foundation preparation phase (4) comprises,

- an excavation step in the ground (5) of the appropriate ditch,

- a step of placing a plurality of threaded rods (6), either placed or in solidarity with a mounting plate, radially arranged, of dimensions, positioning and distribution in accordance with the vertical through holes (15) of the foot-like thickening of section (1) of the post,

- a concrete pouring step (9) of filling. such that the upper part of the threaded rods (6) is above the upper level of the concrete, and

- a concrete setting step (9).

The optional phase of joining the section (1) with the upper section (2), and the upper sections (2) with each other in case there are more than one, will only be carried out if the post is composed of several sections , and understand

- one step of inserting the wiring, both electric and winches, through the hollow interior of the sections,

- an alignment step of the sections to be joined,

- a thrust passage from the lower end of the upper section (2) over the upper end of the section (1,2), such that the threaded rods (23) pass through the perforations (25), until the metal disk (22) if applicable, or the upper part of the section, come into contact with the lower part of the metal parts (24),

- a joint securing step, by threading nuts (27) onto the threaded rods (23),

- a step of placing a protective plastic cap (28) and

- a filling step of the open cavities (26) with filling material, preferably grout mortar,

performing all these steps with the sections (1,2) horizontally arranged on the floor.

The lifting and fixing phase of the post on the foundation includes,

- a lifting step by means of a post crane, or the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, until it is positioned on the main part (16) of the foundation piece, - a step of inserting the electrical wiring through the hollow conduit (20) to the register box (19),

- a support step of the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, on the foundation, in such a way that the threaded rods (6) pass through the vertical through holes (15) of the foot of the section (1) of the post, Y

- a joint securing step, by threading nuts (7) onto the threaded rods (6).

It is envisaged that, alternatively, another conventional assembly procedure may be performed, in which the foot of the section (1) of the post is inserted directly into the hole excavated in the ground (5) and the concrete (9) is poured of filling, subjecting the post with the setting of the concrete (9).

The person skilled in the art will readily understand that he can combine characteristics of different embodiments with characteristics of other possible embodiments, provided that such combination is technically possible.

All information referring to examples or embodiments is part of the description of the invention.

Claims (1)

1 - Precast concrete post, characterized in that it comprises - at least one hollow section (1) of truncated conical configuration and prefabricated in static mold with self-compacting concrete and metal slab, with diameters significantly smaller than the height, which at its lower end has a foot-like thickening of the same material than the rest of section (1), and - a metal structure in lattice (29), reusable, under which the post is suspended, if it is composed of a single section (i), in solidarity with fixing elements (30) during its movement. 2 - Precast concrete post, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the post further comprises one or more upper sections (2), all of them hollow, with a truncated conical section and prefabricated in static mold with self-compacting concrete and metal forging, with notably smaller diameters that the height, joined together and with section (1) by removable mechanical joints (3). 3 - Precast concrete post, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foot-like thickening of the lower end of the section (1) of the post, adopts the shape of a cylindrical base (13) provided with a plurality of reinforcements ( 14) inclined to provide rigidity to the assembly, distributed radially in the upper part of the cylindrical base (13), and is provided with a plurality of vertical through holes (15), radially distributed alternately with the reinforcements (14). 4 - Precast concrete post, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that both the section (1), and the upper section (2), are lightened by a plurality of rigid cylindrical PVC pipes (11), integral with the concrete wall due to its insertion in molded prior to the pouring of concrete, of decreasing diameters, related to each other by means of coupling pieces (12) also of PVC, forming the inner hollow of the post. 5 - Precast concrete post, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the removable mechanical joints (3) comprise - at the upper end of section (1,2) a plurality of threaded rods (23), radially distributed and inserted in the concrete of the walls, and - at the lower end of the upper section (2) a plurality of metal parts (24) in the form of "L" inserted in the concrete of the wall, provided in its lower part with perforations (25) of dimensions, positioning and distribution according to the threaded rods (23), and with an open cavity (26) in the wall of the section for access to the upper part of the perforation (25), using nuts (27) on the threaded rods (23) to ensure the lower part of the metal parts (24) on the upper part of the section located below. 6 - Precast concrete post, according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper end of the section (1,2) of the post comprises a metal disk (22), integral with the concrete of the walls, which is crossed by the threaded rods (2. 3). 7 - Assembly procedure of a prefabricated concrete post, as described in the previous claims characterized in that it comprises - a first phase of transport of the elements, - a second phase of foundation preparation (4), - an optional third phase of joining section (1) with the upper section (2) if it exists, and the upper sections (2) with each other if there is more than one, and - a fourth phase of lifting and fixing the post on the foundation (4). 8 - Assembly procedure of a prefabricated concrete post, according to claim 7, characterized in that the transport phase of the elements is carried out, - in the case of being composed of a single section (1) , through the use of a reusable lattice metal structure (29), under which the post is suspended jointly by means of fixing elements (30) during its movement, releasing these fasteners (30) once the elements are located on the floor next to their mounting point, and removing the lattice metal structure (29), and - in case of being composed of several sections (1,2) the transport will be carried out by means of conventional procedures for elements of great length. 9 - Procedure for assembling a prefabricated concrete post for lighting large areas, according to any of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the foundation preparation phase (4) comprises, - an excavation step in the ground (5) of the appropriate ditch, - a step of placing a plurality of threaded rods (6), either placed or in solidarity with a mounting plate, radially arranged, of dimensions, positioning and distribution in accordance with the vertical through holes (15) of the foot-like thickening of section (1) of the post, - a concrete pouring step (9) of filling. such that the upper part of the threaded rods (6) is above the upper level of the concrete, and - a concrete setting step (9). 10 - Assembly procedure of a prefabricated concrete post, according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the joining phase of the section (1) with the upper section (2), and of the upper sections (2) each other in case there is more than one, understand - one step of inserting the wiring, both electric and winches, through the hollow interior of the sections, - an alignment step of the sections to be joined, - a thrust passage from the lower end of the upper section (2) over the upper end of the section (1,2), such that the threaded rods (23) pass through the perforations (25), until the metal disk (22) if applicable, or the upper part of the section comes into contact with the lower part of the metal parts (24), - a joint securing step, by threading nuts (27) onto the threaded rods (23), - a step of placing a protective plastic cap (28) and - a filling step of the open cavities (26) with filling material, preferably grout mortar, performing all these steps with the sections (1,2) horizontally arranged on the floor. 11 - Procedure for mounting a prefabricated concrete post, according to any of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the lifting and fixing phase of the post on the foundation (4) comprises, - a lifting step by means of a post crane, or the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, until it is positioned on the main part (16) of the foundation piece, - a step of inserting the electrical wiring through the hollow conduit (20) to the register box (19), - a support step of the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, on the foundation, in such a way that the threaded rods (6) pass through the vertical through holes (15) of the foot of the section (1) of the post, Y - one step of securing the joint, by threading nuts (7) onto the threaded rods (6).