EP4315901A1 - Method and system for uniquely identifying and managing an object, in particular a bicycle - Google Patents

Method and system for uniquely identifying and managing an object, in particular a bicycle

Info

Publication number
EP4315901A1
EP4315901A1 EP21758433.3A EP21758433A EP4315901A1 EP 4315901 A1 EP4315901 A1 EP 4315901A1 EP 21758433 A EP21758433 A EP 21758433A EP 4315901 A1 EP4315901 A1 EP 4315901A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
identifier
owner
processor
manufacturer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21758433.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marco FRANCO
Flavio CECCHI
Marco VASAPOLLO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
10 10 One Object One Owner SB Srl
Original Assignee
10 10 One Object One Owner SB Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 10 10 One Object One Owner SB Srl filed Critical 10 10 One Object One Owner SB Srl
Publication of EP4315901A1 publication Critical patent/EP4315901A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and a system for the management and unique identification of an object and its owner.
  • the invention also relates to a smart bicycle and a system for its management and identification.
  • the first drawback relates to the fact that the management of these objects, in particular the collection of information relating to the object, is carried out by centralised databases, which, by their very nature, can be corrupted and could therefore interfere with the control and ownership of the object.
  • the prior art systems are able to guarantee, in some cases, a correlation between the object and the manufacturer but do not involve, in these relations, the management of the owner of the object. This aspect, following the sale of the product, is very important, because it enables a series of functions which can be implemented by the object and which have as the premise the management of the owner of the object.
  • the prior art methods provide solutions wherein the data are exchanged with very expensive exchange logics, both in energy and economic terms.
  • the prior art systems use communication logics in which the electronic devices associated with the object perform continuous pings to a remote server for recovering information or sending information. This aspect requires a high energy consumption as well as a consumption, in terms of connectivity costs, which is very high.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a method and a system for the management and unique identification of an object which overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the invention provides a method for the unique identification of an object and its owner.
  • the method is preferably also a method for the management of the object and of its relations with the owner.
  • the method is performed at least by a first processor.
  • first processor is used in a functional sense, that is to say, as one or more physical processors which can perform predetermined instructions. It is therefore not limited to the fact that the steps described are performed on a single processor.
  • Said one or more processors may be a processor of a mobile device, of a fixed remote terminal, of a unit for controlling an electronic device integrated in the object.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving a first identification code, uniquely associated with an identifier device integrated in the object.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving manufacturer data, representing specifications from a manufacturer of the object.
  • the specifications could be a trademark, a corporate name, a particular code, personal details of the manufacturer.
  • the method comprises a step of storing manufacturer data in a memory.
  • the method comprises a step of generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data.
  • the manufacturer identifier is a unique digital identifier which makes it possible to immediately recover the manufacturer data associated with a specific manufacturer.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the object.
  • the specifications may be name, surname, address, email and other personal data of the owner.
  • the method comprises a step of generating an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data.
  • the owner identifier is a unique digital identifier which makes it possible to immediately recover the owner data associated with a specific owner.
  • the method comprises a step of storing manufacturer data and/or owner data in a memory.
  • the method comprises a step for receiving model data, representing specifications of the object.
  • the object specifications can include one or more of the following items of information: - name of the model (that is, the name identifying a set of technical specifications);
  • the method comprises a step of saving model data in the memory.
  • the method comprises a step of associating the model data with the first identification code.
  • the method comprises a step of generating a unique string, generated starting from the first identification code and from the manufacturer identifier.
  • the unique string is generated starting from the first identification code and from the owner identifier.
  • the unique string is made from the first identification code, the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier.
  • the method comprises a step of saving the unique string in a distributed ledger.
  • the method could comprise directly a step of saving the first identification code, the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier, associated with each other, in the distributed ledger.
  • the distributed ledger is a technology known in the computer sector also by the term DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology).
  • the distributed ledger technology used is a technology which uses a blockchain, such as, for example, the Bitcoin blockchain or the Ethereum blockchain.
  • the saving of the unique string therefore defines a blockchain transaction which determines, to all intents and purposes, a change of ownership of the identifier device and, therefore, of the object on which the identifier device is integrated.
  • This saving step therefore acts as a digital signature of the manufacturer and/or the owner of the object, relative to the object itself.
  • the characteristics of Blockchain technology which by their very nature are unchangeable, make it possible to obtain an intrinsic certification of the manufacturer and of the owner of the object.
  • the step of saving in the distributed ledger comprises a step of inserting a private key, as is known from the solutions in the same technical sector.
  • the private key is stored unencrypted in a centralised database, in such a way that the user (the owner) who has access to its profile can execute a transaction without having to enter the private key.
  • the step of saving in the distributed ledger comprises the following steps:
  • This procedure is very important, because it cancels out the corruptibility linked to saving a private key saved in plain text in a centralised archive.
  • the owner of the centralised archive cannot carry out transactions, since the private key is encrypted and can be decrypted only by means of an input by the owner and the manufacturer. Therefore, variations in the ownership of the object or variations of the manufacturer of the object are possible only by the owner or by the manufacturer.
  • the method does not comprise generating a unique string, but said first identification code, manufacturer identifier and owner identifier code are saved directly in the distributed ledger.
  • the distributed ledger saves directly in plain text the manufacturer data, owner data and model of the object, in order to avoid any use of the centralised archive.
  • the method comprises the receiving updated owner data, representing specifications from a new owner of the object, which receives the ownership of the object from a previous owner.
  • the method comprises a step of updating the unique string, wherein the unique string is updated on the basis of the updated owner data.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving a confirmation signal, received, by means of a user interface, from the previous owner and representing an intention of a previous owner to transfer the ownership of the object.
  • the method comprises a step of saving the unique string updated in the distributed ledger, in response to reception of the confirmation signal.
  • the presence of the unique string and of the updated unique string in the distributed ledger makes it possible to have the maximum transparency regarding the history of the ownership of the object.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving recognition signals emitted by the identifier device in a remote terminal, including a second processor and positioned close to the object.
  • the recognition signal represents the first identification code.
  • the method comprises a step of recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received.
  • the method comprises recovering the manufacturer identifier, the product identifier and the owner identifier based on the recognition signals received.
  • the second processor recovers the unique string including the first identification code derived from the recognition signal.
  • the method comprises a step for receiving model data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered. In addition or alternatively, the method comprises a step for receiving the manufacturer data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered. In addition or alternatively, the method comprises a step for receiving the owner data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered.
  • the second processor recovers the unique string, derives from the unique string the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and, if necessary, the model identifier and recovers from the memory, on the basis of each of said identifiers (manufacturer, owner and model), the manufacturer data, the owner data and the model data, respectively.
  • the method comprises a step of generating first display data.
  • the first display data rendered on a display of the remote terminal, show the specifications of the object, the specifications of the manufacturer and/or the specifications of the owner.
  • the method comprises a step of updating the manufacturer data, the owner data and/or the model data, using a mobile device or a remote control terminal.
  • the method comprises a step of detecting a geographical position.
  • said detection step may be performed by means of the identifier device itself, which is equipped with a localisation module.
  • the detection step is performed using the electronic device which receives the recognition signals.
  • the second processor for each recognition signal received, saves the reception in the memory.
  • the second processor for each recognition signal received, saves in the memory the geographical position of the electrical device which has received the recognition signals.
  • This also makes it possible to locate objects which are not equipped with a localisation module and an autonomous communication module.
  • the method comprises a state setting up step.
  • the first or the second processor receive a state value, representing a condition of the object.
  • the second processor notifies, on a further remote electronic device, an alarm including also the geographical position of the electronic device which receives the recognition signals. This feature is very important as it allows the sending of the geographical position of the object to be distinguished on the basis of the set state, avoiding unnecessary loss of communicating energy.
  • the first processor receives a state value equal to the “stolen” value and saves it in the memory in association with the first identification code.
  • an electronic device receives the recognition signals (therefore, the first identification code) it picks up from the memory the value of the state associated with the first identification code received and, if it is set on the stolen value, it notifies an alarm on a further electronic device, in the possession of the owner of the object. This allows, for example, a stolen object to be found.
  • the state value is saved, in association with the corresponding identifier device, in the distributed ledger. For this reason, according to an embodiment, only the owner and/or the manufacturer of the object are able, as they possess the decrypting password, to change the state value.
  • the method comprises a step for receiving communication data, identifying one or more multimedia contents.
  • the method comprises a step of saving communication data in the memory, in association with the first identification code.
  • the second processor of the electronic device When the second processor of the electronic device receives the recognition signals, the latter recovers the communication data on the basis of the first identification code received.
  • the method comprises a step of generating second display data, to show the multimedia content on a display of an electronic device.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving control data, received from the identifier device (from one or more sensors of the identifier device). Said control data represents (at least) a physical parameter relative to the environment in which the object is located. According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of recovering predetermined control data, representing a limit value of the physical parameter.
  • the method comprises a step of comparing the control data and the predetermined control data.
  • the method comprises a step of generating alarm data, on the basis of the comparison between the control data and the predetermined control data.
  • the control data represent values of one or more of the following physical parameters:
  • the predetermined control data represent one or more of the following values:
  • control steps may be performed both by the second processor of the mobile electronic device and by the first processor. According to other embodiments, said steps can also be performed by means of a processor positioned on the identifier device. Whatever the case, irrespective of the processor which performs these steps, the method makes it possible to obtain a capillary control on the object. For example, it allows deviations of the route during a shipment of the object, significant deviations in the thermal storage conditions or excessive stress incurred by the object during its transport to be controlled.
  • the predetermined control data are calculated by the (first or second) processor on the basis of the state value set.
  • the predetermined control data include a range of permissible accelerations substantially collapsed on the zero value, so that a movement of the object is immediately identified as, for example, an attempt theft.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving a second identification code, uniquely associated with a second identifier device, which can be integrated with the object.
  • the unique string is generated on the basis also of the second identification code.
  • the second identification code is stored in the distributed ledger in association with the first identification code (with the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and/or the model identifier).
  • This feature allows various identifier devices to be associated with a single object, for example differentiating specific components of the object. In that case, each component is integrated, preferably in an indissoluble manner, with a corresponding component of the object.
  • This feature provides various advantages, firstly the possibility of having a more thorough control and management of the object, for example by identifying partial thefts of individual components or sales and changes of ownership of individual components of an object.
  • this invention provides a system for the management and/or for the unique identification of an object and of its owner.
  • the system comprises an identifier device.
  • the identifier device is configured to send a recognition signal including at least a first identification code.
  • the identifier device is integrated with the object.
  • the identifier device is connected to the object.
  • the device is integrated in an indivisible manner with the object, in such a way that the object must be deteriorated in a irrecoverable manner in order to remove the device.
  • the device is embedded in a material for making the object.
  • the system comprises a control terminal, including a first processor.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive the first identification code, uniquely associated with the identifier device integrated in the object.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive manufacturer data, representing specifications of a manufacturer of the object.
  • the first processor is programmed for saving the manufacturer data in a memory.
  • the first processor is programmed for generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the object.
  • the first processor is programmed to generate an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data.
  • the first processor is programmed to save the manufacturer data and the owner data in a memory.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive model data, representing specifications of the object.
  • the first processor is programmed for saving model data in the memory and associating the model data with the first identification code.
  • the processor is programmed to generate a unique string, starting from the first identification code, the manufacturer identifier and/or the owner identifier. Moreover, the first processor is configured to save the unique string in a distributed ledger.
  • the system comprises a mobile terminal (mobile device), which can be positioned close to the object.
  • the system may also comprise a plurality of mobile terminals, each associated with a respective owner user of an object.
  • the mobile terminal comprises a second processor.
  • the mobile terminal comprises a receiver, configured to receive the recognition signal from the identifier device.
  • the mobile terminal comprises a display, configured to show one or more items of information regarding the object.
  • the second processor is programmed to receive the recognition signals from the identifier device.
  • the second processor is programmed for recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received.
  • the second processor is programmed to receive the model data, the manufacturer data and/or the owner data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered.
  • the second processor is programmed to generate first display data, in order to show the object specifications, the manufacturer specifications and/or the owner specifications on the display of the remote terminal.
  • the identifier device is one of the following devices:
  • - passive tag including an RFID antenna and/or an NFC antenna
  • the active electrical device includes one or more of the following components: a processing unit configured to run one or more steps of a computer program; a location module, configured to determine the location of the object, a communication module, configured to exchange wireless signals with the remote terminal and/or the mobile terminal, a power supply unit, for electrically powering the communication module and the localisation module, one or more sensors, configured to determine values of physical parameters of the object or surroundings.
  • a processing unit configured to run one or more steps of a computer program
  • a location module configured to determine the location of the object
  • a communication module configured to exchange wireless signals with the remote terminal and/or the mobile terminal
  • a power supply unit for electrically powering the communication module and the localisation module
  • one or more sensors configured to determine values of physical parameters of the object or surroundings.
  • the active electronic device comprises a multipurpose module which allows both the geo-localisation using GNSS technology, which is able to acquire signals from GS and/or BEIDOU and/or GLONASS satellite constellations, as well as communicating with Wireless technology with the remote terminal and/or with the mobile terminal.
  • Said one or more sensors are configured to detect control signals, representing a temperature value, a pressure value, a humidity value and/or a geographical position.
  • the system comprises a plurality of identifier devices, each integrated and connected to a corresponding portion of the object.
  • the system comprises an active identifier device, that is, the active electrical device described above, and one or more passive identifier devices, that is to say, the passive tag described above.
  • the communication module is configured for communicating with a remote database upon the occurrence of predetermined conditions.
  • the communication module is configured to exchange signals intermittently and with opening and closing of the intermittent communication channel.
  • a predetermined condition is a frequency condition, according to which the communication module is configured for interrogating the remote database at predetermined time intervals.
  • This mode allows the identifier device to assess certain variations, for example of the state value of the object, which have occurred between two successive interrogations.
  • the remote database is configured for setting an updating parameter on a positive value, in response to a variation of the state value associated with the first identification code.
  • the communication module is programmed to interrogate mainly the remote database in order to read the value of the updating parameter.
  • the communication module is programmed to interrogate the remote database in order to read the state value if the value of the updating parameter is set on the positive value. This logic considerably reduces the requests sent from the communication module to the remote database, thereby limiting the reading requests only to those strictly necessary.
  • the communication module is configured to send a message (a signal) in response to an activation condition.
  • the activation condition is determined (derived) on the basis of the state value of the object.
  • the communication module is programmed to check the activation condition and, in the case it is complied with, format the message and send it to the remote database.
  • an activation condition could be, if the state value is set on “parked”, the detection of an acceleration greater than zero. If this occurs, the processing unit formats the message including an alarm and sends the message by means of the communication module.
  • the communication module is configured to exchange signals by means of a communication protocol of the UDP or UDP-A type.
  • the message sent by the communication module has a maximum weight of 1000 bits.
  • the message includes a first portion of 500 bits, including heading instructions, necessary in order to conform to the transmission protocol and a second portion, with the maximum dimension of 500 bits, preferably with the maximum dimension of 376 bits, comprising the information.
  • the method comprises a coding step, in which the processing unit of the identifier device codes and/or decodes a message received or a message to be formatted for sending.
  • the processing unit of the electronic device or of the remote database derives, on the basis of a code matrix, an information code, representing a particular item of information included amongst those listed below:
  • - mode that is, configuration of the object, that is to say, a particular configuration of the object amongst the following configurations: Visible, Display, Alert, Paused, Garage, Race, Maintenance, Emergency.
  • the system comprises a remote production terminal.
  • the remote production terminal is configured to receive, for each object, a plurality of identification codes, each associated with the corresponding identifier device.
  • the remote production terminal is configured for associating each identification code received with a same identifier produced, uniquely associated with the object. In this way, the system is aware of which identifier devices are positioned on a single object. In other words, the fleet of identifier devices on the object is federated, by associating with a single product identifier.
  • this invention provides a computer program comprising instructions for executing the steps of the method described in the invention.
  • Said computer program may be run entirely in the first processor, in the second processor or in the processing unit of the identifier device or, according to other embodiments, may be run partly by the first processor, partly by the second processor and partly by the processing unit of the identifier device.
  • the object may be one of the ones listed below:
  • a transport and logistics tool for example a pallet
  • a garment for example a pair of shoes, a sweat, an overcoat or other types of garments;
  • the invention provides a bicycle, comprising:
  • a frame defining a housing space (it should be noted that, in some cases, the frame might also be solid and without an internal housing space);
  • a saddle connected to the frame to allow a user to sit on the bicycle.
  • the bicycle comprises a plurality of identifier devices.
  • Each identifier device is integrally constrained in a respective portion of the bicycle. More specifically, an identifier device is integrated with the saddle, one with each wheel, one on the pedals and/or a group of identifier devices is positioned in corresponding portions of the frame, located in various positions of the frame.
  • Each identifier device is configured to emit a corresponding recognition signal, representing a respective identification code.
  • the bicycle comprises a communicating device, positioned inside the housing space of the frame.
  • the term “communication device” corresponds to the term “identifier device” when the latter is active and comprises wireless communication capacity.
  • the communication device comprises a processor.
  • the communication device comprises a communication module, configured to exchange wireless signals with a remote terminal.
  • the communication device comprises a power supply unit, configured for electrically powering the communication module.
  • the communication device includes a localisation module, configured to determine the geographical position of the bicycle.
  • the communication module is configured for sending position signals, representing the geographical position of the bicycle, to the remote terminal.
  • the communication module is configured for sending position signals intermittently, upon the occurrence of a communication condition.
  • the communication device comprises one or more sensors, configured to determine values of physical parameters of the bicycle or the surrounding environment.
  • said one or more sensors include one or more of the following sensors:
  • the communication device comprises a memory.
  • the processor of the communication device is programmed to receive from the remote terminal a state value of the bicycle, identifying a configuration of the bicycle.
  • the processor is programmed to save said state value in the memory.
  • the processor is programmed to control the communication module, the power supply unit and said one or more sensors on the basis of the state value saved in the memory.
  • the communication module is configured to exchange signals with the remote terminal intermittently.
  • the communication module is programmed for sending control signals to the remote terminal in response to the occurrence of a communication condition.
  • the communication condition is derived on the basis of the state value of the bicycle.
  • the bicycle comprises an electricity generator, configured for recharging the power supply unit.
  • said electricity generator comprises a piezoelectric device.
  • the frame is made of carbon fibre and comprises a plurality of layers of carbon fibre.
  • at least one identifier device is interposed between two layers of carbon fibre. This allows a native integration of the identifier devices with the bicycle which avoids any possibility of removing the identifier device from the bicycle, without destroying the bicycle itself.
  • the frame comprises a connection hub, for the coupling with the pair of pedals. At least one identifier device is positioned at said connection hub. This makes it possible to have an identifier device located in a zone of the frame which, from the structural point of view, is very important for supporting the bicycle and which, if damaged, would adversely affect the use of the bicycle.
  • the bicycle described above is inserted in the context of a more complex system for unique identification and management of the bicycle, as described below.
  • the invention provides a system for unique identification of a bicycle and its owner.
  • the system comprises a bicycle including one or more of the features described below.
  • the system comprises a control terminal, including a first processor.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive each identification code, uniquely associated with the corresponding identifier device integrated in the bicycle.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive, for each identification code received, information regarding the portion of the bicycle to which it is associated.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive a notification code, uniquely associated with the communication device.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive manufacturer data, representing specifications of a manufacturer of the bicycle and generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data (as described in relation to a generic object).
  • the first processor is programmed to receive owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the bicycle, and generating an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data (as described in relation to a generic object).
  • the first processor is programmed to save the manufacturer data and the owner data in a memory.
  • the processor is programmed to generate a unique string, starting from the plurality of identification codes, from the notification code, from the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier, and to save the unique string in a distributed ledger.
  • the system comprises a mobile terminal, which can be positioned close to the bicycle and including a second processor and a receiver, configured to receive the recognition signal from each identifier device.
  • the second processor is programmed to receive the recognition signals from each identifier device.
  • the second processor is programmed for recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received.
  • the second processor is programmed to receive the manufacturer data and the owner data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered.
  • the second processor is programmed to generate display data, to show the manufacturer specifications and the owner specifications on the display of the remote terminal.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive a state value, representing a configuration of the bicycle.
  • the first processor is programmed to derive predetermined control data, on the basis of the state value.
  • the predetermined control data are one or more of the following data: a geographic area; a range of temperatures; a range of accelerations; a limit period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
  • the temperature sensor is preferably positioned outside the containment space of the frame, in such a way that the sensor measures the outside temperature and not the temperature inside the frame which would be too conditioning. For this reason, in that case, the temperature sensor is not positioned on the PCB but is located relative to it and wired to the latter.
  • said temperature sensor comprises a solar anti radiation screen, preferably of the natural ventilation type.
  • the communication module (antenna) is positioned outside the containment space of the frame, to facilitate satellite communication. For this reason, in this case the communication module is not connected to the PCB but wired to it.
  • the first processor is programmed to receive control data from one or more sensors of the bicycle.
  • the control data are one or more of the following values: a geographic location; an ambient temperature around the bicycle an acceleration of the bicycle; a period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
  • the first processor is programmed to compare the predetermined control data with the control data received.
  • the first processor is programmed to send an alarm signal, representing a visual or audio alarm emitted, to the control terminal, on the basis of the comparison between the predetermined control data and the control data. For this reason, the sending of the alarm signal is conditioned to the comparison and the state value (on which the predetermined control data depend). Therefore, as described above, the communication is intermittent and depends on a communication condition, based on the state value. According to an aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for making a bicycle.
  • the method comprises a step of preparing a frame, defining a housing space, a first and a second wheel, a pair of pedals and a saddle.
  • the method comprises a step of preparing a plurality of identifier devices, configured to emit a corresponding recognition signal, representing a respective identification code.
  • the method comprises a step of preparing a communication device, including: a processor; a communication module, configured for exchanging wireless signals with a remote terminal and a power supply unit, configured for electrically powering the communication module.
  • the method comprises a step of integrating and connecting each identifier device in a respective portion of the bicycle.
  • the method comprises a step of connected integration and positioning of the communication device inside the housing space of the frame.
  • the invention provides a method for the management and unique identification of a bicycle and its owner.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving a plurality of identification codes, uniquely associated with a corresponding identifier device integrated in the bicycle.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving a communicating code, uniquely associated with a communication device integrated in the bicycle.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving manufacturer data, representing specifications of a manufacturer of the bicycle and generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the bicycle, and generating an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data.
  • the method comprises a step of storing the manufacturer data and the owner data in a memory.
  • the processor generates a unique string, starting from the plurality of identification codes, from the notification code, from the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier, and saves the unique string in a distributed ledger. This allows a continuous and transparent certification of the manufacturer of the bicycle and its owner.
  • the method comprises the following steps, which can be performed by a processor of a mobile terminal, which can be positioned close to the bicycle:
  • any mobile terminal is enabled for the step of reading and recovering the unique string.
  • only the owner or only a group of authorised persons are enabled for the steps of reading and recovering the unique string, after inserting a suitable access key.
  • the processor receives visibility data from the owner of the bicycle, associated with specific information between the manufacturer data, the model data and the owner data.
  • the processor generates the display data also on the basis of the visibility data, to inhibit the vision of data which the owner of the object does not wants to be illustrated.
  • the method comprises a step for receiving a state value, representing a configuration of the bicycle.
  • the method comprises a step of deriving predetermined control data, on the basis of the state value.
  • Said predetermined control data is one or more of the following data: a geographic area; a range of temperatures; a range of accelerations; a limit period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
  • the method comprises a step of receiving control data from one or more sensors of the bicycle.
  • Said control data are one or more of the following values: a geographic location; an ambient temperature around the bicycle an acceleration of the bicycle; a period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
  • the method comprises a step of comparing the predetermined control data and the control data received.
  • the method comprises a step of sending an alarm signal, representing a visual or audio alarm, to the control terminal, on the basis of the comparison between the predetermined control data and the control data.
  • the processor is presented as divided into separate functional modules (memory modules or operating modules) for the sole purpose of describing the functionality in a clear and complete manner.
  • the processor may consist of a single processor, suitably programmed to perform the functionalities described, and the various modules may correspond to hardware entities and/or software routines forming part of the programmed device.
  • the functions can be performed by a plurality of processors on which the above-mentioned functional modules can be distributed.
  • processors when there are various processors, they may belong to the same device or may be located in various hardware components.
  • FIG. 1 shows a logic diagram including the steps of a method for the unique identification and management of an object according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a logic diagram including further steps of the method of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a logic diagram including further steps of the method of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 shows a logic diagram including further steps of the method of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 shows a system for identifying and managing an object and its owner according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a bicycle according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a communication device of the system of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an integration of an identifier device of the system of Figure 6 in an object made with layers of material superposed on each other.
  • the numeral 100 denotes a system for the unique identification and management of an object and its owner. It should be noted that, by way of example, an embodiment is described below with reference to an application wherein the object is the bicycle. Flowever, these features are transversal to each object and, for the purposes of protection, the term bicycle may be applied to each type of object.
  • the system 100 comprises one or more identifier devices 101.
  • Said one or more identifier devices 101 are preferably tags configured to emit recognition signals S1 of the RFID or NFC type.
  • dual tags are used, which communicate both by means of RFID and NFC technology.
  • the identifier devices 101 are made of materials resistant to temperatures greater than 50°C, that is, 100°C. According to other embodiments and for particularly challenging applications, the identifier devices 101 are made of material which disperse heat in an adiabatic manner, and they are resistant to temperatures greater than 200°C, even more preferably at temperatures greater than 400°C.
  • the identifier devices 101 can be programmed, in such a way that the recognition signal S1 emitted identifies a respective identification code C1.
  • the recognition signals S1 may represent various types of information to be stored inside.
  • Each of said one or more identifier devices 101 is associated (connected, integrated, integrated in a non-removable manner) with the bicycle 2, by means of a step of integrating the identifier device 101 in the bicycle 2.
  • the bicycle 2 comprises a frame 21 , a saddle 22, a first wheel 23, a second wheel 24, a handlebar 25 and a pair of pedals 26.
  • the frame 21 comprises a connection hub 211 , a first rod 212, which connects the saddle 22 to the connection hub 211 , a second rod 213, which connects the connection hub 211 to the handlebar 25, and a third rod 214, which connects the saddle 22 to the handlebar 25.
  • an identifier device 101 is positioned in one or more of the following positions:
  • connection hub 211 at the connection hub 211 , that is, at the connection point between the first rod 212 and the second rod 213;
  • each identifier device 101 is positioned, in its corresponding position, between two layers of material 21 S, in such a way as to be indissoluble relative to the material and/or the portion of the bicycle 2 on which it is integrated.
  • This aspect is of fundamental importance, since it makes the bicycle 2 (and the object in general) natively equipped with its intelligence and memory and, above all, makes it impossible to remove the identifier device 101.
  • the system 100 comprises a communication device 102.
  • the communication device 102 is integrated (connected, integrated in an indissoluble manner) with the object, that is, in this case, with the bicycle 2.
  • the communication device 102 is located inside a containment space, formed in the second rod 213, which is hollow inside.
  • the second rod 213 comprises an opening and a corresponding lock, which can be opened are by means of a key and/or a electronic password, to allow maintenance on the communication device 102.
  • the communication device 102 comprises one or more of the following components: a communication module 1021 , a localisation module 1022, one or more sensors 1023, a processor P1, a power supply unit 1024, an NFC transmitter and/or receiver, an RFID receiver and/or transmitter.
  • the communication device 102 comprises the following components:
  • the processor is configured to program the radio modem by means of AT commands sent by the processor to the radio modem itself;
  • a first acceleration and/or inclination sensor 1023A configured to maintain a measurement of the parameters and to start (initialise) the processor if the parameters are variable (which further allows saving of energy and increase in device autonomy);
  • a second acceleration and/or inclination sensor 1023B which can be activated automatically by the processor in the case of a fault of the first acceleration and/or inclination sensor.
  • the processor is also programmed to send an alarm signal S2 in the case of a fault of a sensor of said one or more sensors 1023;
  • the communication device 102 comprises an electricity generating module 1025.
  • the electricity generating module 1025 comprising one or more of the following elements:
  • a piezoelectric generating system configured to generate electricity from vibrations of the piezoelectric device itself.
  • the communication device comprises a printed circuit on which the various components are positioned.
  • the communication device is powered by a battery which also powers a propulsion of the bicycle, for example for e- bikes.
  • the system 100 comprises a remote terminal
  • the remote terminal 103 is equipped with a processor P2 and a memory.
  • the system 100 comprises a mobile terminal
  • the mobile terminal 104 is equipped with a processor P3, an RFID and/or NFC receiver and a memory. It should be noted that the system 100 may include a plurality of mobile terminals 104 which can be defined by each smartphone or tablet available to a user.
  • the system 100 comprises a memory, preferably a remote database 105, for example a Cloud server.
  • the remote database 105 is connected to the remote terminal 103 and/or to the mobile terminal 104, for saving and/or reading data on/from the remote database 105.
  • the system 100 comprises a distributed ledger 106, for example a Blockchain.
  • the distributed ledger 106 is connected to the remote terminal 103 and/or to the mobile terminal 104, for saving and/or reading data on/from the distributed ledger 106 (that is to say, for executing transactions and/or reading transactions carried out in the Blockchain used).
  • the system 100 comprises a production terminal 107, used for managing and controlling objects (that is, the bicycle 2) during the production step.
  • the production terminal 107 comprises a processor P4, an RFID and/or NFC receiver and a display 1071.
  • the production terminal 107 is connected to the remote database 105 and to the distributed ledger 106 for saving and reading data from the remote database 105 and for executing and/or reading transactions carried out on the distributed ledger 106.
  • the system 100 is used in the context of a method for identifying and uniquely managing objects, as described below.
  • This importing may be of the manual type, by means of user interfaces and consequent step of receiving, by the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103, of the list of identification codes C1 and IMEI codes.
  • a list of record is created in the remote database 105 with at least the following parameters:
  • the identifier devices 101 are subsequently associated with the bicycle 2. Before the identifier devices 101 are associated with the bicycle 2, the latter are tested to check that they correctly check emit the recognition signal S1 of the identifier device. Said first test step may be carried out by means of the production terminal 107. In short, the production terminal 107 is moved towards the identifier devices 101 , which send the recognition signal S1. In response to said receiving of the recognition signal S1 (from which the identification code can be derived), the processor P4 of the production terminal 107 switches the first test parameter to the OK value of the record with the corresponding identification code.
  • the method comprises detecting again the recognition signal S1 , to check that the latter is not screened by the material from which the bicycle 2 is composed.
  • This step of the method is a second test step and guarantees that the bicycle 2 is responsive when a NFC and/or RFID receiver is moved close to it.
  • the processor P4 switches the integrated, second test and ready for signature parameters to the OK value of the record with the corresponding identification code C1.
  • the method comprises positioning the communication device 102 in the corresponding housing of the bicycle 2.
  • the testing of the communication device 102 is performed autonomously, since, once the latter has been switched on, it sends a test signal to the remote database 105, in which the IMEI code of the SIM is indicated, by means of the communication module 1021.
  • the test signal switches the integrated, second test and ready for signature parameters to the OK value of the record with the corresponding IMEI code.
  • the method comprises an association step.
  • the association step makes it possible to associate with each identifier device 101 data which identifies the manufacturer, the owner and the model of the product on which it is integrated.
  • association step may be performed in two different modes.
  • the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103 receives the following data:
  • Said manufacturer data 301 is saved in the remote database 105, in such a way that a corresponding manufacturer is created inside it, having a manufacturer identifier IP and one or more parameters relative to the manufacturer amongst those listed below:
  • Said owner data 302 is saved in the remote database 105, in such a way that a corresponding owner is created inside it, having an owner identifier I PR and one or more parameters relative to the owner amongst those listed below: name; - surname;
  • Said model data 303 is saved in the remote database 105, in such a way that a corresponding model is created inside it, having a model identifier and one or more parameters relative to the model amongst those listed below: - name model;
  • the manufacturer data 301 , the owner data 302 and the model data 303 entered are, however, only virtual entities until these are associated with an identifier device 101 and/or a specific communication device 102.
  • the processor P2 is programmed to generate a product identifier (bicycle identifier).
  • the processor performs a step of generating a unique string, on the basis of the manufacturer data 301 , the identification code, the model data 303 and/or the owner data 302.
  • the association step comprises a step of associating the unique string with the bicycle identifier generated by the processor P2 automatically.
  • the method comprises a step of integrating a first identifier device in the bicycle 2, a step of integrating a second identifier device in the bicycle 2 and a step of integrating a communication device 102 in the same bicycle 2, which correspond to the corresponding steps for receiving a first identification code, receiving a second identification code and receiving an IMEI code.
  • a step of integrating a first identifier device in the bicycle 2 a step of integrating a second identifier device in the bicycle 2 and a step of integrating a communication device 102 in the same bicycle 2 which correspond to the corresponding steps for receiving a first identification code, receiving a second identification code and receiving an IMEI code.
  • This need is performed by the federation step, which may occur by means of the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103, with manual insertion, by a user, of federation data.
  • the federation data represent a plurality of identification code C1 (the first and the second identification code) and at least one IMEI code which correspond to the same bicycle 2.
  • the bicycle identifier generated by the processor is associated, by means of the association step, with said plurality of identification code C1 and said at least one IMEI code inserted by means of the federation data.
  • the federation data can be generated by means of the production terminal 107, detecting the identifier devices 101 and the communication device 102 of each single bicycle, then sending all the codes detected to the remote database 105, in association with product identifier (bicycle identifier) generated automatically.
  • a bicycle entity (object) is generated in the remote database 105 to which the identification codes C1 and the IMEI code of the plurality of identifier devices 101 and of the communication device 102 integrated with it are associated, respectively.
  • the last step of the process for digital activation of the bicycle, before the actual digital signature, is the association of the product identifier (object identifier, bicycle identifier), from which all the identification codes C1 and the IMEI code can be derived, with a corresponding manufacturer identifier IP, owner identifier IPR and/or model identifier.
  • This step may also be performed by manual insertion of association data, selecting, for each bicycle identifier and by means of a user interface of the remote terminal 103, the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and the model identifier (between those previously loaded) associated with the specific bicycle 2. Or, in addition or alternatively, selecting, by means of a user interface of the production terminal 107, the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and the model identifier from those previously inserted, simultaneously with the federation step.
  • the method therefore comprises a step of saving in the distributed ledger 106 a unique string, achieved starting at least from the manufacturer identifier IP, the owner identifier IPR, each identification code C1 and the IMEI code.
  • the unique string is made starting from the product identifier, the manufacturer identifier IP and the owner identifier IPR.
  • the product identifier, the manufacturer identifier IP and the owner identifier IPR are saved directly in the distributed ledger 106, in association with each other.
  • the unique string also includes a state value VS of the bicycle 2 (that is to say, of the object).
  • the state value VS of the bicycle 2 can be selected from one of the following values:
  • - OK is the default state value VS and indicates that there are no particular problems with reference to the bicycle.
  • - SALE is the state in which the object (the bicycle 2) has an owner, but it is prepared for a change of ownership.
  • the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 is set up to receive a purchase signal from a user who intends to purchase the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P3 of a further mobile terminal 104 is programmed to receive, by means of an input command, a confirmation by the owner of the bicycle 2, in such a way as to save, through a further Blockchain transaction (saving in the distributed ledger 106), the change of ownership;
  • the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 is programmed to receive, from a user who receives the recognition signal S1 on the relative device, an alarm command, which determines the sending to the remote database 105 of an alarm signal S2, for notification to the owner of the finding of the stolen bicycle 2.
  • the processor P2 in order to proceed with the saving (that is, with the digital signature) requests a password from the user. Said password is necessary to decrypt the user's private key which allows just the user to execute a transaction.
  • the step of saving in the distributed ledger 106 determines a new transaction in the master ledge of the blockchain, which is visible, transparent and unchangeable for each user, in such a way that the information contained in the unique string (that is to say, the association between the manufacturer identifier IP, the owner identifier IPR and the bicycle identifier) cannot, in any way, be corrupted.
  • the processor P2 receives, from a user interface of the remote terminal 103, communication data 304, representing one or more multimedia content referred to the object.
  • Said communication data 304 is associated with a specific bicycle identifier.
  • said communication data 304 is associated with a group of bicycle identifiers, that is to say, a group of bicycles 2 characterised by the same properties (for example, bicycles of the same model).
  • the processor P2 stores, in the remote database 105, said communication data 304, in association with the specific bicycle identifier or in association with each bicycle identifier.
  • Said communication data 304 may be one or more of the following contents:
  • the method comprises a step of controlling dispatch.
  • the dispatch control step comprises the following steps, performed by the processor P2:
  • logistic data representing one or more of the following parameters: date of shipment, place of departure, place of arrival, predetermined route, maximum permitted temperature, minimum permitted temperature, maximum permitted acceleration, maximum permitted humidity;
  • dispatch data including a group of bicycle identifiers, to define which bicycles are the subject of the dispatch; - generating a dispatch identifier and association of the logistics data entered and of the dispatch data entered in association with the dispatch identifier created.
  • the processor P2 receives (through the remote database 105) control signals 310 from said one or more sensors 1023 of the communication device 102 of at least one of the bicycles involved in the dispatch. Said control signals 310 received represent temperature, acceleration and humidity values and a geographical position of the corresponding bicycle 2.
  • the processor P2 is programmed to compare the control signals 310 with the logistic data 310', in particular with the following values set: predetermined route, maximum permitted temperature, minimum permitted temperature, maximum permitted acceleration, maximum permitted humidity.
  • the processor P2 If the values received through the control signals 310 are not in line with the values 310' set by means of the logistics data, the processor P2 emits an audio or visual alarm, to notify a potential damage to the bicycle 2 during its dispatch.
  • the processor P2 is programmed to save in the remote database 105, an instant of time and a geographical position wherein the deviation from the set limit dispatch values 310' has occurred.
  • the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 receives the recognition signals S1, emitted by at least one of the identifier devices 101.
  • the recognition signal S1 includes information relating to the respective identification code C1 and/or the link to a web page, which can be displayed on a browser of the mobile device or on a dedicated application downloaded on the mobile device.
  • the processor P3 In response to receiving the recognition signal S1 , the processor P3 recovers in the distributed ledger 106 (that is, a Blockchain law), the value of the last transaction relating to the respective identification code C1. During said last transaction, the processor P3 recovers the manufacturer identifier IP, the owner identifier IPR and the model identifier which are associated with the identifier device 101. If the bicycle identifier is saved in the blockchain transaction, the processor P3 firstly determines the bicycle identifier, recovering it from the centralised database 105 based on the identification code C1. If, on the other hand, all the identification codes C1 are shown in plain text during the transaction, the processor P3 can by pass the recovery of the bicycle identifier.
  • the distributed ledger 106 that is, a Blockchain law
  • the processor P3 recovers from the centralised database 104, one or more of the following data:
  • the processor P3 generates display data, to make visible, on the display of the mobile terminal 104, the manufacturer data 301 , the owner data 302, the model data 303, the product identifier, the state value and/or the communication data 304.
  • the remote database 105 comprises historical data, representing events which have occurred to the bicycle over time.
  • said historical data represents one or more of the following events:
  • the processor P3 (or also the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103) is configured to save, for each of the events described above, a date and a place wherein said events have occurred.
  • the maintenance and disposal of the bicycle are recognised by the processor P2 (or by the processor P3) by inserting, by a user, event data representing specific events or activities being performed or carried out on the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P3 is configured for recovering, in response to receipt of the recognition signal S1 , the historical data, to show on the display of the mobile device 104 an account of the events of the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P3 is configured to provide, on the user interface (display) of the mobile device 104, an input field, in response to receipt of the recognition signal S1.
  • Said input field makes it possible to enter for any owner of the mobile terminal 104, interaction data, representing multimedia content linked to the specific bicycle 2.
  • multimedia content could be a text, a photo, a contact request, a preferred indication.
  • Said interaction data is saved by the processor P3 in the centralised database 105, in association with the specific bicycle identifier.
  • the processor P3 reads in the central database 105 that the state value VS is set on STOLEN, the latter provides a selection command on the display, programmed to contact, notify, alert the owner of the specific bicycle 2.
  • the processor P3 when the processor P3 receives the recognition signal S1 , this starts a process for recognising the bicycle 2 with respect to its owner.
  • the processor P3 shows a public page, including a subgroup of information relating to the bicycle 2, the visibility of which has been set up by the owner of the bicycle 2.
  • the information sub-group comprises at least the model data and the manufacturer data, in order to certify a product trademark.
  • the processor P3 provides, in the display, an access command, for starting an access procedure, if the remote terminal 104 is used by the owner of the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P3 shows on the remote terminal 104 a private page, wherein all the information of the bicycle 2 can be viewed as well as one or more input commands, used by the owner for managing the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P3 automatically launches the App, recovers the owner identifier of the user logged on and compares it with the owner identifier recovered on the basis of the recognition signal S1. If these identifiers correspond, the processor P3 shows the private page.
  • the processor P3 when it receives the recognition signal S1 , recovers the privacy data in the centralised database 105 and, on the basis of the privacy data, allows or inhibits the display of the data associated with the bicycle, in particular, the identity of the owner, the identity of the manufacturer, the specifications of the model, the communication specifications, the history of the bicycle 2 and/or the multimedia content associated with the bicycle 2 inserted by other users. For this reason, the owner has complete control over the privacy of the object.
  • the processor P3 receives, by means of the display of the mobile terminal 104 (or of the remote terminal 103) a mode value, representing a mode of the bicycle 2.
  • the mode value differs from the state value since the state value determines a state of the bicycle after an event outside the owner (theft, sale), whilst the mode is a state set by the owner in the context of use of the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103 is configured to execute one or more statistics, on the basis of the data associated with each bicycle identifier.
  • the data which can be analysed, schematically illustrated to derive aggregated information are the following:
  • Said interaction index may be used for assessing the most efficient object to transfer messages of an advertising type. - number of requests for assistance by model or by geographical area;
  • the communication module 1021 is configured to send alarm signals S2 according to a predetermined communication protocol.
  • Said communication protocol comprises a transmission protocol preferably of the UDP type, even more preferably of the UDP-A type.
  • the alarm signal has a maximum dimension of 1000 bits. Of these 1000 bits, 500 bits are dedicated to information necessary to establish the communication according to the specific protocol, whilst the other 500 bits include the information to be transmitted.
  • Said information to be transmitted is coded by means of a code matrix, which makes it possible to reduce the characters sent for the same information sent.
  • Said matrix includes letters in columns and numbers in lines, for a total number of codes equal to 260 different messages. Obviously, it is possible to make a multi-dimensional matrix, which increases the types of messages sent.
  • the code A0 defines a confirmation code, which is received from the communication module 1021 if a message previously sent has effectively been received from the centralised database 105.
  • the confirmation code is preferably sent within 60 seconds after receiving the message by the centralised database 105, since the communication channel is kept open for that period of time. If the confirmation code is not received, the processor P1 concludes that the message has not reached the destination and continues to send the message until receiving the confirmation code.
  • the information part of the alarm signal S2 therefore comprises at least one code between those coded in the table and the bicycle identifier (or the IMEI code of the SIM of the communication device 102).
  • the processor P1 is configured to control the communication device 102, in particular the communication module 1021, the localisation module 1022 and/or said one or more sensors 1023, on the basis of one or more of the following parameters:
  • - a mode value of the bicycle 2 amongst the following values: visible, display, alert, pause, garage, race, maintenance, emergency.
  • the processor P1 commands the localisation module 1022 to detect the geographical position when it detects, on the basis of the signals received from said one or more sensors 1023, that the bicycle 2 is stationary for a predetermined period of time (preferably equal to 600 seconds).
  • a predetermined period of time preferably equal to 600 seconds.
  • the processor P1 detects the geographical position as in the case of the Visible mode, but wherein the predetermined time interval is greater than that in the Visible mode.
  • the processor P3 of a mobile terminal 104 which receives the recognition signal S1 provides the user with a request for purchase. In response to the selection of the purchase request, the processor P3 sends a purchase request for to the owner of the bicycle 2.
  • the processor P1 receives from said one or more sensors 1023 an acceleration value 310 of the bicycle 2.
  • the processor commands the sending of an alarm signal S2, if the acceleration value 310 is greater than zero for a predetermined time interval 310' (preferably greater than one second, even more preferably greater than two seconds).
  • the "Pause" mode allows management of the bicycle 2 which is released for an interval of time in a certain position.
  • the processor P1 sends to the centralised database 105 a release position, defined by the geographical position in which the bicycle 2 is released. Subsequently, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 controls the position, in real time, of the mobile terminal 104 (which is connected to the owner).
  • the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 determines whether the owner is further from the release position than a value greater than a preset value and notifies it that the threshold has been exceeded. If the processor P1 detects, by means of the accelerometer 1023, a movement of the bicycle 2 for a period of time greater than a predetermined interval (preferably equal to 1 second or 2 seconds), it sends an alarm signal S2, to notify the owner of a potential theft. This control, which notifies a movement of the bicycle, is also activated in the "Garage" mode.
  • the processor P1 determines a movement, relative to the release position, of the bicycle 2. If said movement is greater than the permissible radius value, the processor P1 sends the alarm signal S2.
  • the processor P1 sends a signal to the centralised database 105 for setting the state value of the bicycle on the “Stolen” value.
  • the processor P1 receives an inclination value of the bicycle and checks that the angle of inclination does not undergo sudden variations. In particular, if the angle of inclination is greater than 60° and if the accelerometer detects a static condition of the bicycle (that is, immobility for more than a predetermined time), the processor P1 sends the alarm signal S2.
  • the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 receives maintenance data, representing specifications relative to the maintenance operation.
  • the maintenance data is preferably saved in the centralised database 105 and also in the distributed ledger 106. This is important because it certifies what is stated by the maintenance technician, increasing the transparency regarding the quality of each object (bicycle).
  • the processor P1 sends an alarm signal S2, that is, an emergency signal, including the emergency code of the matrix, the geographical position and the bicycle identifier.
  • the communication device 102 comprises an anti-jamming system.
  • the anti-jamming system is configured for blocking any jamming devices, that is to say, devices which block the transmission of the alarm signals S2.
  • the anti-jamming system works as follows.
  • the communication module 1021 is programmed by the processor P1 to ping (that is, to make periodic requests to the centralised database 105) for assessing whether the state or the mode of the bicycle 2 has been modified by the owner.
  • this step is optimised since the centralised database 105 is programmed for setting up an updating parameter, representing a change in the state value and/or the mode value.
  • the communication module 1021 reads the value of the updating parameter before reading the state value or the mode value, in such a way as to read them only if the updating parameter is activated. In that case, the communication module 1021 reads the state value and/or the mode value and deactivates the updating parameter.
  • the anti -jamming system is therefore defined by a control on the pinging activities. If the centralised database 105 does not receive requests (pings) from the communication device 102, the latter sends a notification to the owner, notifying that the communication device 102 is having problems or, presumably, it is subject to jamming.

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Abstract

Described is a method (M1) for unique identification of an object and its owner performed at least by a first processor (P2) and comprising the following steps: receiving (F1) a first identification code (C1), uniquely associated with an identifier device (101) embedded in the object; receiving (F2) manufacturer data (301), representative of a manufacturer's specification of the object; generating (F21) a manufacturer identifier (IP), uniquely associated with the manufacturer data (301); receiving (F3) owner data (302), representative of an object owner's specifications; generating (F31) an owner identifier (IPR), uniquely associated with the owner data (302); storing (F4) producer data (301) and owner data (301) in a memory (105); receiving (F5) model data (303), representative of object specifications; saving the model data (303) in the memory (105), in association with the first identification code (C1); saving (F6) the first identifier (C1), the producer identifier (IP), and the owner identifier (IPR), associated with each other, in a distributed ledger technology (106).

Description

DESCRIPTION
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR UNIQUELY IDENTIFYING AND MANAGING AN OBJECT, IN PARTICULAR A BICYCLE.
Technical field
This invention relates to a method and a system for the management and unique identification of an object and its owner. In particular, the invention also relates to a smart bicycle and a system for its management and identification.
Background art
In the technical sector relating to the methods and systems for the unique identification of objects (a sector better known, in its entirety, as the Internet of things) it is known to associate an electronic device to an object, in such a way that the latter can measure values of physical parameters, send them and receive control signals from control terminals. However, current systems and methods have several drawbacks. The first drawback relates to the fact that the management of these objects, in particular the collection of information relating to the object, is carried out by centralised databases, which, by their very nature, can be corrupted and could therefore interfere with the control and ownership of the object. Moreover, the prior art systems are able to guarantee, in some cases, a correlation between the object and the manufacturer but do not involve, in these relations, the management of the owner of the object. This aspect, following the sale of the product, is very important, because it enables a series of functions which can be implemented by the object and which have as the premise the management of the owner of the object.
Lastly, the prior art methods provide solutions wherein the data are exchanged with very expensive exchange logics, both in energy and economic terms. In fact, the prior art systems use communication logics in which the electronic devices associated with the object perform continuous pings to a remote server for recovering information or sending information. This aspect requires a high energy consumption as well as a consumption, in terms of connectivity costs, which is very high.
It should also be noted that, in this sector, the use of electronic devices connected to bicycles is known, in order to enable certain functions on the bicycle. However, these systems, which comprise, for example, positioning a passive tag on the bicycle, do not allow a complete and efficient management of the object.
Aim of the invention
The aim of the invention is to provide a method and a system for the management and unique identification of an object which overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
Said aim is fully achieved by the method and system according to the invention as characterised in the appended claims.
According to an aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for the unique identification of an object and its owner. The method is preferably also a method for the management of the object and of its relations with the owner.
The method is performed at least by a first processor. It should be noted that the term "first processor" is used in a functional sense, that is to say, as one or more physical processors which can perform predetermined instructions. It is therefore not limited to the fact that the steps described are performed on a single processor. Said one or more processors may be a processor of a mobile device, of a fixed remote terminal, of a unit for controlling an electronic device integrated in the object.
The method comprises a step of receiving a first identification code, uniquely associated with an identifier device integrated in the object.
The method comprises a step of receiving manufacturer data, representing specifications from a manufacturer of the object. For example, the specifications could be a trademark, a corporate name, a particular code, personal details of the manufacturer.
The method comprises a step of storing manufacturer data in a memory. The method comprises a step of generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data. The manufacturer identifier is a unique digital identifier which makes it possible to immediately recover the manufacturer data associated with a specific manufacturer.
The method comprises a step of receiving owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the object. The specifications may be name, surname, address, email and other personal data of the owner.
The method comprises a step of generating an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data. The owner identifier is a unique digital identifier which makes it possible to immediately recover the owner data associated with a specific owner. The method comprises a step of storing manufacturer data and/or owner data in a memory.
The method comprises a step for receiving model data, representing specifications of the object. The object specifications can include one or more of the following items of information: - name of the model (that is, the name identifying a set of technical specifications);
- technical specifications;
- components of the model;
- version of the model; - creator of the model;
- date of creation of the model.
The method comprises a step of saving model data in the memory. The method comprises a step of associating the model data with the first identification code. Advantageously, according to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of generating a unique string, generated starting from the first identification code and from the manufacturer identifier. According to another embodiment, the unique string is generated starting from the first identification code and from the owner identifier. Lastly, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the unique string is made from the first identification code, the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier. The method comprises a step of saving the unique string in a distributed ledger.
Alternatively, the method could comprise directly a step of saving the first identification code, the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier, associated with each other, in the distributed ledger.
The distributed ledger is a technology known in the computer sector also by the term DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology). According to an embodiment, the distributed ledger technology used is a technology which uses a blockchain, such as, for example, the Bitcoin blockchain or the Ethereum blockchain.
The saving of the unique string therefore defines a blockchain transaction which determines, to all intents and purposes, a change of ownership of the identifier device and, therefore, of the object on which the identifier device is integrated.
This saving step (transaction) therefore acts as a digital signature of the manufacturer and/or the owner of the object, relative to the object itself. The characteristics of Blockchain technology, which by their very nature are unchangeable, make it possible to obtain an intrinsic certification of the manufacturer and of the owner of the object.
Moreover, according to an aspect of the invention, the step of saving in the distributed ledger comprises a step of inserting a private key, as is known from the solutions in the same technical sector.
In the prior art solutions, wherein a remote database controls a plurality of users who can perform the transactions, the private key is stored unencrypted in a centralised database, in such a way that the user (the owner) who has access to its profile can execute a transaction without having to enter the private key. According to an embodiment, the step of saving in the distributed ledger comprises the following steps:
- recovering a encrypted private key from a memory;
- receiving a decrypting password, only held by the owner/manufacturer;
- decrypting of the private key as a function of the decrypting password;
- saving the unique string by inserting the decrypted private key.
This procedure is very important, because it cancels out the corruptibility linked to saving a private key saved in plain text in a centralised archive. In fact, the owner of the centralised archive cannot carry out transactions, since the private key is encrypted and can be decrypted only by means of an input by the owner and the manufacturer. Therefore, variations in the ownership of the object or variations of the manufacturer of the object are possible only by the owner or by the manufacturer.
It should be noted that, according to an embodiment, the method does not comprise generating a unique string, but said first identification code, manufacturer identifier and owner identifier code are saved directly in the distributed ledger. In fact, in another embodiment, the distributed ledger saves directly in plain text the manufacturer data, owner data and model of the object, in order to avoid any use of the centralised archive.
This process is not implemented in the prior art since no document has considered the problem of uniquely associating the ownership of the object to a real subject.
The creation of the unique string and its saving in the distributed ledger allow the following advantages:
- certification of the manufacturer and consequent function of preventing the object from being counterfeited;
- certification of the owner and consequent anti-theft function. According to an embodiment, the method comprises the receiving updated owner data, representing specifications from a new owner of the object, which receives the ownership of the object from a previous owner. The method comprises a step of updating the unique string, wherein the unique string is updated on the basis of the updated owner data. The method comprises a step of receiving a confirmation signal, received, by means of a user interface, from the previous owner and representing an intention of a previous owner to transfer the ownership of the object.
The method comprises a step of saving the unique string updated in the distributed ledger, in response to reception of the confirmation signal.
In that way it is possible to update the ownership of the object in a secure and reliable manner.
Moreover, the presence of the unique string and of the updated unique string in the distributed ledger makes it possible to have the maximum transparency regarding the history of the ownership of the object.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of receiving recognition signals emitted by the identifier device in a remote terminal, including a second processor and positioned close to the object.
The recognition signal represents the first identification code.
The method comprises a step of recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received. Or, the method comprises recovering the manufacturer identifier, the product identifier and the owner identifier based on the recognition signals received. In other words, the second processor recovers the unique string including the first identification code derived from the recognition signal.
The method comprises a step for receiving model data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered. In addition or alternatively, the method comprises a step for receiving the manufacturer data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered. In addition or alternatively, the method comprises a step for receiving the owner data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered.
In other words, the second processor recovers the unique string, derives from the unique string the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and, if necessary, the model identifier and recovers from the memory, on the basis of each of said identifiers (manufacturer, owner and model), the manufacturer data, the owner data and the model data, respectively.
The method comprises a step of generating first display data. The first display data, rendered on a display of the remote terminal, show the specifications of the object, the specifications of the manufacturer and/or the specifications of the owner.
The method comprises a step of updating the manufacturer data, the owner data and/or the model data, using a mobile device or a remote control terminal.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of detecting a geographical position.
According to an embodiment, said detection step may be performed by means of the identifier device itself, which is equipped with a localisation module. On the other hand, according to other embodiments, wherein the identifier device is a passive device, the detection step is performed using the electronic device which receives the recognition signals. In that case, the second processor, for each recognition signal received, saves the reception in the memory. Moreover, the second processor, for each recognition signal received, saves in the memory the geographical position of the electrical device which has received the recognition signals.
This also makes it possible to locate objects which are not equipped with a localisation module and an autonomous communication module.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a state setting up step. In the state setting up step, the first or the second processor receive a state value, representing a condition of the object. Preferably, when the state is set at a first predetermined value and each time (that is, at least once) it receives the recognition signals, the second processor notifies, on a further remote electronic device, an alarm including also the geographical position of the electronic device which receives the recognition signals. This feature is very important as it allows the sending of the geographical position of the object to be distinguished on the basis of the set state, avoiding unnecessary loss of communicating energy.
For example, the first processor receives a state value equal to the “stolen" value and saves it in the memory in association with the first identification code. When an electronic device receives the recognition signals (therefore, the first identification code), it picks up from the memory the value of the state associated with the first identification code received and, if it is set on the stolen value, it notifies an alarm on a further electronic device, in the possession of the owner of the object. This allows, for example, a stolen object to be found.
According to an embodiment, the state value is saved, in association with the corresponding identifier device, in the distributed ledger. For this reason, according to an embodiment, only the owner and/or the manufacturer of the object are able, as they possess the decrypting password, to change the state value.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step for receiving communication data, identifying one or more multimedia contents.
The method comprises a step of saving communication data in the memory, in association with the first identification code.
When the second processor of the electronic device receives the recognition signals, the latter recovers the communication data on the basis of the first identification code received.
The method comprises a step of generating second display data, to show the multimedia content on a display of an electronic device.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of receiving control data, received from the identifier device (from one or more sensors of the identifier device). Said control data represents (at least) a physical parameter relative to the environment in which the object is located. According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of recovering predetermined control data, representing a limit value of the physical parameter.
The method comprises a step of comparing the control data and the predetermined control data.
The method comprises a step of generating alarm data, on the basis of the comparison between the control data and the predetermined control data. According to an embodiment, the control data represent values of one or more of the following physical parameters:
- geographic location;
- temperature; - acceleration;
- humidity;
According to an embodiment, the predetermined control data represent one or more of the following values:
- a geographic area; - a range of allowable temperatures;
- a range of allowable accelerations;
- a range of allowable humidity.
It should be noted that these control steps may be performed both by the second processor of the mobile electronic device and by the first processor. According to other embodiments, said steps can also be performed by means of a processor positioned on the identifier device. Whatever the case, irrespective of the processor which performs these steps, the method makes it possible to obtain a capillary control on the object. For example, it allows deviations of the route during a shipment of the object, significant deviations in the thermal storage conditions or excessive stress incurred by the object during its transport to be controlled.
According to an embodiment of the method, the predetermined control data are calculated by the (first or second) processor on the basis of the state value set. For example, but without restricting the scope of the invention, if the state of the object is set on the “parked” value, the predetermined control data include a range of permissible accelerations substantially collapsed on the zero value, so that a movement of the object is immediately identified as, for example, an attempt theft.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of receiving a second identification code, uniquely associated with a second identifier device, which can be integrated with the object.
Preferably, the unique string is generated on the basis also of the second identification code.
According to an embodiment, the second identification code is stored in the distributed ledger in association with the first identification code (with the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and/or the model identifier). This feature allows various identifier devices to be associated with a single object, for example differentiating specific components of the object. In that case, each component is integrated, preferably in an indissoluble manner, with a corresponding component of the object. This feature provides various advantages, firstly the possibility of having a more thorough control and management of the object, for example by identifying partial thefts of individual components or sales and changes of ownership of individual components of an object.
According to an aspect of the invention, this invention provides a system for the management and/or for the unique identification of an object and of its owner.
The system comprises an identifier device. The identifier device is configured to send a recognition signal including at least a first identification code. The identifier device is integrated with the object. The identifier device is connected to the object. Preferably, the device is integrated in an indivisible manner with the object, in such a way that the object must be deteriorated in a irrecoverable manner in order to remove the device. For example, but without limiting the scope of the invention, the device is embedded in a material for making the object.
The system comprises a control terminal, including a first processor. According to an embodiment, the first processor is programmed to receive the first identification code, uniquely associated with the identifier device integrated in the object.
The first processor is programmed to receive manufacturer data, representing specifications of a manufacturer of the object.
The first processor is programmed for saving the manufacturer data in a memory. The first processor is programmed for generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data.
The first processor is programmed to receive owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the object. The first processor is programmed to generate an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data. The first processor is programmed to save the manufacturer data and the owner data in a memory.
The first processor is programmed to receive model data, representing specifications of the object. The first processor is programmed for saving model data in the memory and associating the model data with the first identification code.
According to an embodiment, the processor is programmed to generate a unique string, starting from the first identification code, the manufacturer identifier and/or the owner identifier. Moreover, the first processor is configured to save the unique string in a distributed ledger.
According to an embodiment, the system comprises a mobile terminal (mobile device), which can be positioned close to the object. The system may also comprise a plurality of mobile terminals, each associated with a respective owner user of an object. The mobile terminal comprises a second processor. The mobile terminal comprises a receiver, configured to receive the recognition signal from the identifier device. The mobile terminal comprises a display, configured to show one or more items of information regarding the object.
The second processor is programmed to receive the recognition signals from the identifier device. The second processor is programmed for recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received.
The second processor is programmed to receive the model data, the manufacturer data and/or the owner data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered.
The second processor is programmed to generate first display data, in order to show the object specifications, the manufacturer specifications and/or the owner specifications on the display of the remote terminal. According to an embodiment, the identifier device is one of the following devices:
- passive tag including an RFID antenna and/or an NFC antenna;
- active electronic device.
The active electrical device includes one or more of the following components: a processing unit configured to run one or more steps of a computer program; a location module, configured to determine the location of the object, a communication module, configured to exchange wireless signals with the remote terminal and/or the mobile terminal, a power supply unit, for electrically powering the communication module and the localisation module, one or more sensors, configured to determine values of physical parameters of the object or surroundings.
According to an embodiment, the active electronic device comprises a multipurpose module which allows both the geo-localisation using GNSS technology, which is able to acquire signals from GS and/or BEIDOU and/or GLONASS satellite constellations, as well as communicating with Wireless technology with the remote terminal and/or with the mobile terminal.
Said one or more sensors are configured to detect control signals, representing a temperature value, a pressure value, a humidity value and/or a geographical position.
According to an embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of identifier devices, each integrated and connected to a corresponding portion of the object.
It should be noted that, according to a preferred embodiment, the system comprises an active identifier device, that is, the active electrical device described above, and one or more passive identifier devices, that is to say, the passive tag described above.
According to an embodiment, the communication module is configured for communicating with a remote database upon the occurrence of predetermined conditions.
According to an embodiment, the communication module is configured to exchange signals intermittently and with opening and closing of the intermittent communication channel.
In particular, according to an embodiment, a predetermined condition is a frequency condition, according to which the communication module is configured for interrogating the remote database at predetermined time intervals. This mode allows the identifier device to assess certain variations, for example of the state value of the object, which have occurred between two successive interrogations.
Advantageously, the remote database is configured for setting an updating parameter on a positive value, in response to a variation of the state value associated with the first identification code. The communication module is programmed to interrogate mainly the remote database in order to read the value of the updating parameter. The communication module is programmed to interrogate the remote database in order to read the state value if the value of the updating parameter is set on the positive value. This logic considerably reduces the requests sent from the communication module to the remote database, thereby limiting the reading requests only to those strictly necessary. Moreover, from the point of view of reverse communication, that is to say, the sending of messages by the identifier device to the remote database, the communication module is configured to send a message (a signal) in response to an activation condition.
The activation condition is determined (derived) on the basis of the state value of the object. The communication module is programmed to check the activation condition and, in the case it is complied with, format the message and send it to the remote database.
Purely by way of an example, an activation condition could be, if the state value is set on “parked”, the detection of an acceleration greater than zero. If this occurs, the processing unit formats the message including an alarm and sends the message by means of the communication module. Moreover, according to an embodiment, the communication module is configured to exchange signals by means of a communication protocol of the UDP or UDP-A type.
According to an embodiment, the message sent by the communication module has a maximum weight of 1000 bits. The message includes a first portion of 500 bits, including heading instructions, necessary in order to conform to the transmission protocol and a second portion, with the maximum dimension of 500 bits, preferably with the maximum dimension of 376 bits, comprising the information.
According to a particularly advantageous aspect, the method comprises a coding step, in which the processing unit of the identifier device codes and/or decodes a message received or a message to be formatted for sending.
During this coding step, the processing unit of the electronic device or of the remote database derives, on the basis of a code matrix, an information code, representing a particular item of information included amongst those listed below:
- state value of the object (OK, Stolen, On Sale);
- mode, that is, configuration of the object, that is to say, a particular configuration of the object amongst the following configurations: Visible, Display, Alert, Paused, Garage, Race, Maintenance, Emergency.
In this way, the information can be sent while remaining around the value of 500 bits. The reason why this feature guarantees economic advantages derives from the current connectivity system which charges the cost of minimum packets of 1000 bits. For this reason, this feature guarantees that the information never exceeds 500 bits, and that therefore the maximum information packet is always only one. this avoids waste, in economic terms, in order to send an information packet of, for example, 1001 bits and still pay for 2000 bits.
According to an embodiment, the system comprises a remote production terminal. The remote production terminal is configured to receive, for each object, a plurality of identification codes, each associated with the corresponding identifier device.
The remote production terminal is configured for associating each identification code received with a same identifier produced, uniquely associated with the object. In this way, the system is aware of which identifier devices are positioned on a single object. In other words, the fleet of identifier devices on the object is federated, by associating with a single product identifier.
According to an aspect of the invention, this invention provides a computer program comprising instructions for executing the steps of the method described in the invention. Said computer program may be run entirely in the first processor, in the second processor or in the processing unit of the identifier device or, according to other embodiments, may be run partly by the first processor, partly by the second processor and partly by the processing unit of the identifier device.
It should be noted that, according to an aspect of the invention, the object may be one of the ones listed below:
- a two-wheeled bicycle; - a rucksack, a wallet or a suitcase;
- a CD, a vinyl or a musical support;
- a pharmaceutical article;
- a transport and logistics tool, for example a pallet;
- a garment, for example a pair of shoes, a sweat, an overcoat or other types of garments;
- a plurality of pharmaceutical articles;
- a surfboard;
- a scooter.
In particular, according to an aspect of the invention, the invention provides a bicycle, comprising:
- a frame, defining a housing space (it should be noted that, in some cases, the frame might also be solid and without an internal housing space);
- a first and a second wheel;
- a pair of pedals;
- a saddle, connected to the frame to allow a user to sit on the bicycle.
The bicycle comprises a plurality of identifier devices. Each identifier device is integrally constrained in a respective portion of the bicycle. More specifically, an identifier device is integrated with the saddle, one with each wheel, one on the pedals and/or a group of identifier devices is positioned in corresponding portions of the frame, located in various positions of the frame.
Each identifier device is configured to emit a corresponding recognition signal, representing a respective identification code.
The bicycle comprises a communicating device, positioned inside the housing space of the frame.
It should be noted that, according to the invention, the term "communication device" corresponds to the term “identifier device” when the latter is active and comprises wireless communication capacity. In fact, the communication device comprises a processor. The communication device comprises a communication module, configured to exchange wireless signals with a remote terminal. The communication device comprises a power supply unit, configured for electrically powering the communication module.
Preferably, the communication device includes a localisation module, configured to determine the geographical position of the bicycle. The communication module is configured for sending position signals, representing the geographical position of the bicycle, to the remote terminal. According to an embodiment, the communication module is configured for sending position signals intermittently, upon the occurrence of a communication condition.
Preferably, the communication device comprises one or more sensors, configured to determine values of physical parameters of the bicycle or the surrounding environment.
In particular, said one or more sensors include one or more of the following sensors:
- temperature sensor;
- pressure sensor;
- moisture sensor;
- an accelerometer;
- weight sensor.
The communication device comprises a memory. The processor of the communication device is programmed to receive from the remote terminal a state value of the bicycle, identifying a configuration of the bicycle. The processor is programmed to save said state value in the memory. The processor is programmed to control the communication module, the power supply unit and said one or more sensors on the basis of the state value saved in the memory.
Advantageously, the communication module is configured to exchange signals with the remote terminal intermittently. For example, the communication module is programmed for sending control signals to the remote terminal in response to the occurrence of a communication condition.
According to a preferred embodiment, the communication condition is derived on the basis of the state value of the bicycle.
This makes it possible to considerably reduce the costs in energy terms with consequent autonomy of the communication device which reaches values which are almost comparable to the useful mechanical life of the bicycle, without the need to provide recharging. The object is therefore natively provided with energy for continuing to communicate during its entire useful life.
Purely by way of an example, if the bicycle has a state value set on the “parked" value, the communication condition is that the acceleration of the bicycle is not greater than zero. For this reason, if the acceleration is different from zero, the communication condition is checked and the communication module is enabled to communicate an alarm to the remote terminal. Other communication conditions will be described below. According to an embodiment, the bicycle comprises an electricity generator, configured for recharging the power supply unit. According to an embodiment, said electricity generator comprises a piezoelectric device.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the frame is made of carbon fibre and comprises a plurality of layers of carbon fibre. According to this embodiment, at least one identifier device is interposed between two layers of carbon fibre. This allows a native integration of the identifier devices with the bicycle which avoids any possibility of removing the identifier device from the bicycle, without destroying the bicycle itself. According to an embodiment, the frame comprises a connection hub, for the coupling with the pair of pedals. At least one identifier device is positioned at said connection hub. This makes it possible to have an identifier device located in a zone of the frame which, from the structural point of view, is very important for supporting the bicycle and which, if damaged, would adversely affect the use of the bicycle.
The bicycle described above is inserted in the context of a more complex system for unique identification and management of the bicycle, as described below.
The invention provides a system for unique identification of a bicycle and its owner. The system comprises a bicycle including one or more of the features described below.
The system comprises a control terminal, including a first processor. The first processor is programmed to receive each identification code, uniquely associated with the corresponding identifier device integrated in the bicycle. The first processor is programmed to receive, for each identification code received, information regarding the portion of the bicycle to which it is associated.
The first processor is programmed to receive a notification code, uniquely associated with the communication device.
The first processor is programmed to receive manufacturer data, representing specifications of a manufacturer of the bicycle and generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data (as described in relation to a generic object).
The first processor is programmed to receive owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the bicycle, and generating an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data (as described in relation to a generic object).
The first processor is programmed to save the manufacturer data and the owner data in a memory.
The processor is programmed to generate a unique string, starting from the plurality of identification codes, from the notification code, from the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier, and to save the unique string in a distributed ledger.
The system comprises a mobile terminal, which can be positioned close to the bicycle and including a second processor and a receiver, configured to receive the recognition signal from each identifier device. The second processor is programmed to receive the recognition signals from each identifier device.
The second processor is programmed for recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received.
The second processor is programmed to receive the manufacturer data and the owner data from the memory on the basis of the unique string recovered.
The second processor is programmed to generate display data, to show the manufacturer specifications and the owner specifications on the display of the remote terminal.
Moreover, the first processor is programmed to receive a state value, representing a configuration of the bicycle. The first processor is programmed to derive predetermined control data, on the basis of the state value. The predetermined control data are one or more of the following data: a geographic area; a range of temperatures; a range of accelerations; a limit period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
It should be noted that in the embodiment wherein there is a temperature sensor in the active electronic device, the temperature sensor is preferably positioned outside the containment space of the frame, in such a way that the sensor measures the outside temperature and not the temperature inside the frame which would be too conditioning. For this reason, in that case, the temperature sensor is not positioned on the PCB but is located relative to it and wired to the latter. Moreover, according to an even more efficient embodiment, said temperature sensor comprises a solar anti radiation screen, preferably of the natural ventilation type.
It should also be noted that, according to an aspect, the communication module (antenna) is positioned outside the containment space of the frame, to facilitate satellite communication. For this reason, in this case the communication module is not connected to the PCB but wired to it.
The first processor is programmed to receive control data from one or more sensors of the bicycle. The control data are one or more of the following values: a geographic location; an ambient temperature around the bicycle an acceleration of the bicycle; a period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
The first processor is programmed to compare the predetermined control data with the control data received.
The first processor is programmed to send an alarm signal, representing a visual or audio alarm emitted, to the control terminal, on the basis of the comparison between the predetermined control data and the control data. For this reason, the sending of the alarm signal is conditioned to the comparison and the state value (on which the predetermined control data depend). Therefore, as described above, the communication is intermittent and depends on a communication condition, based on the state value. According to an aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for making a bicycle.
The method comprises a step of preparing a frame, defining a housing space, a first and a second wheel, a pair of pedals and a saddle.
The method comprises a step of preparing a plurality of identifier devices, configured to emit a corresponding recognition signal, representing a respective identification code.
The method comprises a step of preparing a communication device, including: a processor; a communication module, configured for exchanging wireless signals with a remote terminal and a power supply unit, configured for electrically powering the communication module.
The method comprises a step of integrating and connecting each identifier device in a respective portion of the bicycle.
The method comprises a step of connected integration and positioning of the communication device inside the housing space of the frame.
According to an aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for the management and unique identification of a bicycle and its owner. The method comprises a step of receiving a plurality of identification codes, uniquely associated with a corresponding identifier device integrated in the bicycle.
The method comprises a step of receiving a communicating code, uniquely associated with a communication device integrated in the bicycle. The method comprises a step of receiving manufacturer data, representing specifications of a manufacturer of the bicycle and generating a manufacturer identifier, uniquely associated with the manufacturer data. The method comprises a step of receiving owner data, representing specifications of an owner of the bicycle, and generating an owner identifier, uniquely associated with the owner data.
The method comprises a step of storing the manufacturer data and the owner data in a memory.
The processor generates a unique string, starting from the plurality of identification codes, from the notification code, from the manufacturer identifier and the owner identifier, and saves the unique string in a distributed ledger. This allows a continuous and transparent certification of the manufacturer of the bicycle and its owner.
The method comprises the following steps, which can be performed by a processor of a mobile terminal, which can be positioned close to the bicycle:
- receiving the recognition signals from each identifier device;
- reading and recovering the unique string starting from the recognition signals received;
- receiving the manufacturer data and the owner data from the memory, on the basis of the unique string recovered; - generating display data, in order to show the specifications of the manufacturer and the specifications of the owner on a display of the remote terminal.
According to an embodiment, any mobile terminal is enabled for the step of reading and recovering the unique string. On the other hand, according to other embodiments, only the owner or only a group of authorised persons are enabled for the steps of reading and recovering the unique string, after inserting a suitable access key.
The processor, according to an embodiment, receives visibility data from the owner of the bicycle, associated with specific information between the manufacturer data, the model data and the owner data. The processor generates the display data also on the basis of the visibility data, to inhibit the vision of data which the owner of the object does not wants to be illustrated. This aspect is, clearly, extendable to all the objects and not solely to the bicycle which constitutes only an application example.
This makes it possible to have a redundancy in the receiving of the recognition signals and above all makes it possible for anyone to check the origin and the manufacturer of the bicycle, to check that the bicycle is not, for example, stolen or counterfeit.
The method comprises a step for receiving a state value, representing a configuration of the bicycle.
The method comprises a step of deriving predetermined control data, on the basis of the state value. Said predetermined control data is one or more of the following data: a geographic area; a range of temperatures; a range of accelerations; a limit period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary.
The method comprises a step of receiving control data from one or more sensors of the bicycle. Said control data are one or more of the following values: a geographic location; an ambient temperature around the bicycle an acceleration of the bicycle; a period of time during which the bicycle remains stationary. The method comprises a step of comparing the predetermined control data and the control data received.
The method comprises a step of sending an alarm signal, representing a visual or audio alarm, to the control terminal, on the basis of the comparison between the predetermined control data and the control data. In general it should be noted that, in this context, the processor is presented as divided into separate functional modules (memory modules or operating modules) for the sole purpose of describing the functionality in a clear and complete manner.
In reality, the processor may consist of a single processor, suitably programmed to perform the functionalities described, and the various modules may correspond to hardware entities and/or software routines forming part of the programmed device.
Alternatively or in addition, the functions can be performed by a plurality of processors on which the above-mentioned functional modules can be distributed.
Moreover, when there are various processors, they may belong to the same device or may be located in various hardware components.
Brief description of the drawings These and other features will become more apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, illustrated by way of non limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 shows a logic diagram including the steps of a method for the unique identification and management of an object according to the invention;
- Figure 2 shows a logic diagram including further steps of the method of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 3 shows a logic diagram including further steps of the method of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 4 shows a logic diagram including further steps of the method of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 5 shows a system for identifying and managing an object and its owner according to the invention;
- Figure 6 shows a schematic view of a bicycle according to the invention; - Figure 7 shows a communication device of the system of Figure 6;
- Figure 8 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an integration of an identifier device of the system of Figure 6 in an object made with layers of material superposed on each other. Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the numeral 100 denotes a system for the unique identification and management of an object and its owner. It should be noted that, by way of example, an embodiment is described below with reference to an application wherein the object is the bicycle. Flowever, these features are transversal to each object and, for the purposes of protection, the term bicycle may be applied to each type of object.
The system 100 comprises one or more identifier devices 101. Said one or more identifier devices 101 are preferably tags configured to emit recognition signals S1 of the RFID or NFC type. In some cases, dual tags are used, which communicate both by means of RFID and NFC technology.
According to an embodiment, the identifier devices 101 are made of materials resistant to temperatures greater than 50°C, that is, 100°C. According to other embodiments and for particularly challenging applications, the identifier devices 101 are made of material which disperse heat in an adiabatic manner, and they are resistant to temperatures greater than 200°C, even more preferably at temperatures greater than 400°C.
According to an embodiment, the identifier devices 101 can be programmed, in such a way that the recognition signal S1 emitted identifies a respective identification code C1. Generally speaking, the recognition signals S1 may represent various types of information to be stored inside.
Each of said one or more identifier devices 101 is associated (connected, integrated, integrated in a non-removable manner) with the bicycle 2, by means of a step of integrating the identifier device 101 in the bicycle 2.
In particular, the bicycle 2 comprises a frame 21 , a saddle 22, a first wheel 23, a second wheel 24, a handlebar 25 and a pair of pedals 26.
The frame 21 comprises a connection hub 211 , a first rod 212, which connects the saddle 22 to the connection hub 211 , a second rod 213, which connects the connection hub 211 to the handlebar 25, and a third rod 214, which connects the saddle 22 to the handlebar 25.
Preferably, an identifier device 101 is positioned in one or more of the following positions:
- at the connection hub 211 , that is, at the connection point between the first rod 212 and the second rod 213;
- at the connection point between the second rod 213 and the third rod 214, that is, under the handlebar 25, facing in a direction of travel of the bicycle 2;
- below the saddle 22;
- inside the first wheel 23 and/or inside the second wheel 24. According to an embodiment, the frame 21 , the support of the saddle 22 and/or the rims of the first and/or the second wheel 23, 24 are made with superposed layers of material 21 S, for example, but without limiting the scope of the invention, carbon fibre or, more generally, with SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound). According to this embodiment, each identifier device 101 is positioned, in its corresponding position, between two layers of material 21 S, in such a way as to be indissoluble relative to the material and/or the portion of the bicycle 2 on which it is integrated.
This aspect is of fundamental importance, since it makes the bicycle 2 (and the object in general) natively equipped with its intelligence and memory and, above all, makes it impossible to remove the identifier device 101.
According to an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a communication device 102. The communication device 102 is integrated (connected, integrated in an indissoluble manner) with the object, that is, in this case, with the bicycle 2.
The communication device 102, according to an embodiment, is located inside a containment space, formed in the second rod 213, which is hollow inside. Preferably, according to an embodiment, the second rod 213 comprises an opening and a corresponding lock, which can be opened are by means of a key and/or a electronic password, to allow maintenance on the communication device 102.
The communication device 102 comprises one or more of the following components: a communication module 1021 , a localisation module 1022, one or more sensors 1023, a processor P1, a power supply unit 1024, an NFC transmitter and/or receiver, an RFID receiver and/or transmitter.
In particular, according to a preferred embodiment, the communication device 102 comprises the following components:
- a processor (Dual core) complete with Bluetooth and BLE model;
- radio modem, forming a complete package system of GPRS, LPWA, LTE, NB-loT, CAT-M1 and GPS. The processor is configured to program the radio modem by means of AT commands sent by the processor to the radio modem itself;
- a SIM card for connectivity of the communication device;
- a first acceleration and/or inclination sensor 1023A, configured to maintain a measurement of the parameters and to start (initialise) the processor if the parameters are variable (which further allows saving of energy and increase in device autonomy);
- a second acceleration and/or inclination sensor 1023B, which can be activated automatically by the processor in the case of a fault of the first acceleration and/or inclination sensor. The processor is also programmed to send an alarm signal S2 in the case of a fault of a sensor of said one or more sensors 1023;
- a temperature sensor (and a redundant temperature sensor for overcoming a fault of the first temperature sensor);
- a humidity sensor (and a redundant temperature sensor for overcoming a fault of the first temperature sensor).
According to an embodiment, the communication device 102 comprises an electricity generating module 1025. The electricity generating module 1025 comprising one or more of the following elements:
- a dynamo;
- a fan and a system for generating electricity from wind energy;
- a solar panel and a system for generating electricity from solar energy;
- a piezoelectric generating system, configured to generate electricity from vibrations of the piezoelectric device itself.
According to an embodiment, the communication device comprises a printed circuit on which the various components are positioned.
According to an embodiment, the communication device is powered by a battery which also powers a propulsion of the bicycle, for example for e- bikes.
According to an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a remote terminal
103. The remote terminal 103 is equipped with a processor P2 and a memory.
According to an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a mobile terminal
104. The mobile terminal 104 is equipped with a processor P3, an RFID and/or NFC receiver and a memory. It should be noted that the system 100 may include a plurality of mobile terminals 104 which can be defined by each smartphone or tablet available to a user.
According to an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a memory, preferably a remote database 105, for example a Cloud server.
The remote database 105 is connected to the remote terminal 103 and/or to the mobile terminal 104, for saving and/or reading data on/from the remote database 105.
According to an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a distributed ledger 106, for example a Blockchain.
The distributed ledger 106 is connected to the remote terminal 103 and/or to the mobile terminal 104, for saving and/or reading data on/from the distributed ledger 106 (that is to say, for executing transactions and/or reading transactions carried out in the Blockchain used).
The system 100 comprises a production terminal 107, used for managing and controlling objects (that is, the bicycle 2) during the production step. The production terminal 107 comprises a processor P4, an RFID and/or NFC receiver and a display 1071. The production terminal 107 is connected to the remote database 105 and to the distributed ledger 106 for saving and reading data from the remote database 105 and for executing and/or reading transactions carried out on the distributed ledger 106.
The system 100 is used in the context of a method for identifying and uniquely managing objects, as described below.
As a first activity, it is necessary to import, in the remote database 105, the identification codes C1 of each identifier device 101 and the IMEI code of the communication device 102. This importing may be of the manual type, by means of user interfaces and consequent step of receiving, by the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103, of the list of identification codes C1 and IMEI codes.
For each of said identification codes C1 and/or IMEI codes, a list of record is created in the remote database 105 with at least the following parameters:
- identification code C1 ;
- first test;
- integrated;
- second test;
- ready for signature;
- signed.
The identifier devices 101 are subsequently associated with the bicycle 2. Before the identifier devices 101 are associated with the bicycle 2, the latter are tested to check that they correctly check emit the recognition signal S1 of the identifier device. Said first test step may be carried out by means of the production terminal 107. In short, the production terminal 107 is moved towards the identifier devices 101 , which send the recognition signal S1. In response to said receiving of the recognition signal S1 (from which the identification code can be derived), the processor P4 of the production terminal 107 switches the first test parameter to the OK value of the record with the corresponding identification code.
Once the identifier devices 101 are integrated, the method comprises detecting again the recognition signal S1 , to check that the latter is not screened by the material from which the bicycle 2 is composed. This step of the method is a second test step and guarantees that the bicycle 2 is responsive when a NFC and/or RFID receiver is moved close to it. In response to said second test, the processor P4 switches the integrated, second test and ready for signature parameters to the OK value of the record with the corresponding identification code C1.
In the same way, the method comprises positioning the communication device 102 in the corresponding housing of the bicycle 2. The testing of the communication device 102 is performed autonomously, since, once the latter has been switched on, it sends a test signal to the remote database 105, in which the IMEI code of the SIM is indicated, by means of the communication module 1021. The test signal switches the integrated, second test and ready for signature parameters to the OK value of the record with the corresponding IMEI code.
After carrying out the test, the method comprises an association step. The association step makes it possible to associate with each identifier device 101 data which identifies the manufacturer, the owner and the model of the product on which it is integrated.
In this regard, the association step may be performed in two different modes.
According to a first mode, the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103 receives the following data:
- manufacturer data 301 , which identify a manufacturer of the bicycle 2;
- owner data 302, which identify an owner of the bicycle 2;
- model data 303, which identify a model of the bicycle 2;
Said manufacturer data 301 is saved in the remote database 105, in such a way that a corresponding manufacturer is created inside it, having a manufacturer identifier IP and one or more parameters relative to the manufacturer amongst those listed below:
- corporate name;
- logo;
- address;
- place(s) of production;
- registered offices;
- encrypted private key.
Said owner data 302 is saved in the remote database 105, in such a way that a corresponding owner is created inside it, having an owner identifier I PR and one or more parameters relative to the owner amongst those listed below: name; - surname;
- email;
- password;
- number and identification of objects possessed; - visibility settings.
Said model data 303 is saved in the remote database 105, in such a way that a corresponding model is created inside it, having a model identifier and one or more parameters relative to the model amongst those listed below: - name model;
- creation date;
- technical specifications;
- link to online sales store;
- image of model; - components of model.
The manufacturer data 301 , the owner data 302 and the model data 303 entered are, however, only virtual entities until these are associated with an identifier device 101 and/or a specific communication device 102.
The processor P2 is programmed to generate a product identifier (bicycle identifier).
According to an embodiment, the processor performs a step of generating a unique string, on the basis of the manufacturer data 301 , the identification code, the model data 303 and/or the owner data 302. The association step comprises a step of associating the unique string with the bicycle identifier generated by the processor P2 automatically.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of integrating a first identifier device in the bicycle 2, a step of integrating a second identifier device in the bicycle 2 and a step of integrating a communication device 102 in the same bicycle 2, which correspond to the corresponding steps for receiving a first identification code, receiving a second identification code and receiving an IMEI code. In that case, it is necessary to instruct the system 100 regarding which identifier devices 101 and which communication device 102 are integrated in the same bicycle 2.
This need is performed by the federation step, which may occur by means of the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103, with manual insertion, by a user, of federation data.
The federation data represent a plurality of identification code C1 (the first and the second identification code) and at least one IMEI code which correspond to the same bicycle 2. The bicycle identifier generated by the processor is associated, by means of the association step, with said plurality of identification code C1 and said at least one IMEI code inserted by means of the federation data.
Alternatively, the federation data can be generated by means of the production terminal 107, detecting the identifier devices 101 and the communication device 102 of each single bicycle, then sending all the codes detected to the remote database 105, in association with product identifier (bicycle identifier) generated automatically.
For this reason, a bicycle entity (object) is generated in the remote database 105 to which the identification codes C1 and the IMEI code of the plurality of identifier devices 101 and of the communication device 102 integrated with it are associated, respectively.
The last step of the process for digital activation of the bicycle, before the actual digital signature, is the association of the product identifier (object identifier, bicycle identifier), from which all the identification codes C1 and the IMEI code can be derived, with a corresponding manufacturer identifier IP, owner identifier IPR and/or model identifier.
This step may also be performed by manual insertion of association data, selecting, for each bicycle identifier and by means of a user interface of the remote terminal 103, the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and the model identifier (between those previously loaded) associated with the specific bicycle 2. Or, in addition or alternatively, selecting, by means of a user interface of the production terminal 107, the manufacturer identifier, the owner identifier and the model identifier from those previously inserted, simultaneously with the federation step.
At this point of the process it is therefore necessary to certify the associations and the federations made, in order to have a certainty of the manufacturer, the owner and the components from which the bicycle is composed.
The method therefore comprises a step of saving in the distributed ledger 106 a unique string, achieved starting at least from the manufacturer identifier IP, the owner identifier IPR, each identification code C1 and the IMEI code. Preferably, the unique string is made starting from the product identifier, the manufacturer identifier IP and the owner identifier IPR. According to other embodiments, the product identifier, the manufacturer identifier IP and the owner identifier IPR are saved directly in the distributed ledger 106, in association with each other.
According to an embodiment, during the saving step, the unique string also includes a state value VS of the bicycle 2 (that is to say, of the object). The state value VS of the bicycle 2 can be selected from one of the following values:
- OK: is the default state value VS and indicates that there are no particular problems with reference to the bicycle.
- SALE: is the state in which the object (the bicycle 2) has an owner, but it is prepared for a change of ownership. In this state, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 is set up to receive a purchase signal from a user who intends to purchase the bicycle 2. The processor P3 of a further mobile terminal 104 is programmed to receive, by means of an input command, a confirmation by the owner of the bicycle 2, in such a way as to save, through a further Blockchain transaction (saving in the distributed ledger 106), the change of ownership;
- LOST/STOLEN: identifies a situation in which the bicycle has been stolen. In this state, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 is programmed to receive, from a user who receives the recognition signal S1 on the relative device, an alarm command, which determines the sending to the remote database 105 of an alarm signal S2, for notification to the owner of the finding of the stolen bicycle 2.
The processor P2, in order to proceed with the saving (that is, with the digital signature) requests a password from the user. Said password is necessary to decrypt the user's private key which allows just the user to execute a transaction.
The step of saving in the distributed ledger 106 determines a new transaction in the master ledge of the blockchain, which is visible, transparent and unchangeable for each user, in such a way that the information contained in the unique string (that is to say, the association between the manufacturer identifier IP, the owner identifier IPR and the bicycle identifier) cannot, in any way, be corrupted.
According to the method, the processor P2 receives, from a user interface of the remote terminal 103, communication data 304, representing one or more multimedia content referred to the object. Said communication data 304 is associated with a specific bicycle identifier. According to other embodiments, said communication data 304 is associated with a group of bicycle identifiers, that is to say, a group of bicycles 2 characterised by the same properties (for example, bicycles of the same model). The processor P2 stores, in the remote database 105, said communication data 304, in association with the specific bicycle identifier or in association with each bicycle identifier.
Said communication data 304 may be one or more of the following contents:
- a text message addressed to the owner of the bicycle;
- a commercial promotion dedicated to the owner of the bicycle;
- a response to a request for support inserted by the owner of the bicycle 2;
- a request for withdrawing the bicycle 2, due to faults emerging after putting on the market;
- images, text, audio and other graphical content. According to an embodiment, the method comprises a step of controlling dispatch. The dispatch control step comprises the following steps, performed by the processor P2:
- entering logistic data, representing one or more of the following parameters: date of shipment, place of departure, place of arrival, predetermined route, maximum permitted temperature, minimum permitted temperature, maximum permitted acceleration, maximum permitted humidity;
- entering dispatch data, including a group of bicycle identifiers, to define which bicycles are the subject of the dispatch; - generating a dispatch identifier and association of the logistics data entered and of the dispatch data entered in association with the dispatch identifier created.
During the dispatch control step, the processor P2 receives (through the remote database 105) control signals 310 from said one or more sensors 1023 of the communication device 102 of at least one of the bicycles involved in the dispatch. Said control signals 310 received represent temperature, acceleration and humidity values and a geographical position of the corresponding bicycle 2. The processor P2 is programmed to compare the control signals 310 with the logistic data 310', in particular with the following values set: predetermined route, maximum permitted temperature, minimum permitted temperature, maximum permitted acceleration, maximum permitted humidity.
If the values received through the control signals 310 are not in line with the values 310' set by means of the logistics data, the processor P2 emits an audio or visual alarm, to notify a potential damage to the bicycle 2 during its dispatch. In particular, the processor P2 is programmed to save in the remote database 105, an instant of time and a geographical position wherein the deviation from the set limit dispatch values 310' has occurred.
It should be noted that the interaction with the bicycle 2 occurs preferably by means of the mobile terminal 104.
In particular, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 receives the recognition signals S1, emitted by at least one of the identifier devices 101. The recognition signal S1 includes information relating to the respective identification code C1 and/or the link to a web page, which can be displayed on a browser of the mobile device or on a dedicated application downloaded on the mobile device.
In response to receiving the recognition signal S1 , the processor P3 recovers in the distributed ledger 106 (that is, a Blockchain law), the value of the last transaction relating to the respective identification code C1. During said last transaction, the processor P3 recovers the manufacturer identifier IP, the owner identifier IPR and the model identifier which are associated with the identifier device 101. If the bicycle identifier is saved in the blockchain transaction, the processor P3 firstly determines the bicycle identifier, recovering it from the centralised database 105 based on the identification code C1. If, on the other hand, all the identification codes C1 are shown in plain text during the transaction, the processor P3 can by pass the recovery of the bicycle identifier.
Subsequently, the processor P3 recovers from the centralised database 104, one or more of the following data:
- manufacturer data 301 ;
- owner data 302;
- model data 303;
- product identifier;
- communication data 304;
- state value of the bicycle 2.
The processor P3 generates display data, to make visible, on the display of the mobile terminal 104, the manufacturer data 301 , the owner data 302, the model data 303, the product identifier, the state value and/or the communication data 304.
It should be noted that, according to an embodiment, the remote database 105 comprises historical data, representing events which have occurred to the bicycle over time. In particular, said historical data represents one or more of the following events:
- digital signature of the bicycle;
- modifying state of the bicycle;
- change of ownership of the bicycle;
- maintenance of bicycle;
- disposing of bicycle.
According to an embodiment, the processor P3 (or also the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103) is configured to save, for each of the events described above, a date and a place wherein said events have occurred. The maintenance and disposal of the bicycle are recognised by the processor P2 (or by the processor P3) by inserting, by a user, event data representing specific events or activities being performed or carried out on the bicycle 2.
According to an embodiment, the processor P3 is configured for recovering, in response to receipt of the recognition signal S1 , the historical data, to show on the display of the mobile device 104 an account of the events of the bicycle 2.
According to an embodiment, the processor P3 is configured to provide, on the user interface (display) of the mobile device 104, an input field, in response to receipt of the recognition signal S1.
Said input field makes it possible to enter for any owner of the mobile terminal 104, interaction data, representing multimedia content linked to the specific bicycle 2. In particular, said multimedia content could be a text, a photo, a contact request, a preferred indication.
Said interaction data is saved by the processor P3 in the centralised database 105, in association with the specific bicycle identifier. According to an embodiment, if the processor P3 reads in the central database 105 that the state value VS is set on STOLEN, the latter provides a selection command on the display, programmed to contact, notify, alert the owner of the specific bicycle 2.
It should also be noted that, when the processor P3 receives the recognition signal S1 , this starts a process for recognising the bicycle 2 with respect to its owner. In particular, if the access is made with a mobile terminal 104 without a dedicated App, the processor P3 shows a public page, including a subgroup of information relating to the bicycle 2, the visibility of which has been set up by the owner of the bicycle 2. Preferably, the information sub-group comprises at least the model data and the manufacturer data, in order to certify a product trademark. According to this embodiment, the processor P3 provides, in the display, an access command, for starting an access procedure, if the remote terminal 104 is used by the owner of the bicycle 2. At the end of the authentication process, the processor P3 shows on the remote terminal 104 a private page, wherein all the information of the bicycle 2 can be viewed as well as one or more input commands, used by the owner for managing the bicycle 2.
According to other embodiments, wherein a dedicated App is already installed on the mobile terminal 104 and the owner is already logged on inside the App, the processor P3 automatically launches the App, recovers the owner identifier of the user logged on and compares it with the owner identifier recovered on the basis of the recognition signal S1. If these identifiers correspond, the processor P3 shows the private page.
By using the private page, the following steps can be performed by the processor P3:
- receiving an updated state value of the bicycle 2;
- updating in the centralised database 105 the state value associated with the bicycle;
- updating in the distributed ledger 106, by means of a new transaction, the state value associated with the bicycle 23.
- Moreover, again on the private page, the following steps can occur:
- receiving privacy data, associated with a specific object (bicycle) of the owner;
- updating in the centralised database 105 privacy data associated with the specific bicycle 2 (that is, with the specific bicycle identifier).
It should be noted that the processor P3, when it receives the recognition signal S1 , recovers the privacy data in the centralised database 105 and, on the basis of the privacy data, allows or inhibits the display of the data associated with the bicycle, in particular, the identity of the owner, the identity of the manufacturer, the specifications of the model, the communication specifications, the history of the bicycle 2 and/or the multimedia content associated with the bicycle 2 inserted by other users. For this reason, the owner has complete control over the privacy of the object.
Lastly, the processor P3 receives, by means of the display of the mobile terminal 104 (or of the remote terminal 103) a mode value, representing a mode of the bicycle 2. The mode value differs from the state value since the state value determines a state of the bicycle after an event outside the owner (theft, sale), whilst the mode is a state set by the owner in the context of use of the bicycle 2.
The processor P2 of the remote terminal 103 is configured to execute one or more statistics, on the basis of the data associated with each bicycle identifier. In particular, the data which can be analysed, schematically illustrated to derive aggregated information are the following:
- number of interactions of other users with the identifier devices of the bicycle, including comments, preference indications, counted by the owner, to determine an index of interaction with a respective bicycle. Said interaction index may be used for assessing the most efficient object to transfer messages of an advertising type. - number of requests for assistance by model or by geographical area;
- number of spare parts requested by model or by geographical area;
- number of thefts of bicycles by model, by geographical area and/or by age of the bicycle 2.
Lastly, a description is given below of an example embodiment of the control and the steps which are performed by the processor P1 , located on the communication device 102. In particular, said steps are steps for controlling the bicycle 2, which are distinguished and varied according to various parameters.
It should be noted that the communication module 1021 is configured to send alarm signals S2 according to a predetermined communication protocol. Said communication protocol comprises a transmission protocol preferably of the UDP type, even more preferably of the UDP-A type. Moreover, according to the communication protocol, there is a predetermined format of the alarm signal S2. In the predetermined format, the alarm signal has a maximum dimension of 1000 bits. Of these 1000 bits, 500 bits are dedicated to information necessary to establish the communication according to the specific protocol, whilst the other 500 bits include the information to be transmitted. Said information to be transmitted is coded by means of a code matrix, which makes it possible to reduce the characters sent for the same information sent.
Said matrix includes letters in columns and numbers in lines, for a total number of codes equal to 260 different messages. Obviously, it is possible to make a multi-dimensional matrix, which increases the types of messages sent.
It should be noted in particular that the code A0 defines a confirmation code, which is received from the communication module 1021 if a message previously sent has effectively been received from the centralised database 105. The confirmation code is preferably sent within 60 seconds after receiving the message by the centralised database 105, since the communication channel is kept open for that period of time. If the confirmation code is not received, the processor P1 concludes that the message has not reached the destination and continues to send the message until receiving the confirmation code. The information part of the alarm signal S2 therefore comprises at least one code between those coded in the table and the bicycle identifier (or the IMEI code of the SIM of the communication device 102).
Purely by way of example, a sample decoding of the codes is given below:
According to an embodiment, the processor P1 is configured to control the communication device 102, in particular the communication module 1021, the localisation module 1022 and/or said one or more sensors 1023, on the basis of one or more of the following parameters:
- the state value VS of the bicycle 2;
- a mode value of the bicycle 2, amongst the following values: visible, display, alert, pause, garage, race, maintenance, emergency.
- control signals S3, representing a physical parameter measured by said one or more sensors 1023;
- geographical position determined by the localisation module 1022;
- predetermined threshold values 310', stored in a memory of the communication device 102 or saved in the centralised database 105. If the mode is set on the Visible value, the processor P1 commands the localisation module 1022 to detect the geographical position when it detects, on the basis of the signals received from said one or more sensors 1023, that the bicycle 2 is stationary for a predetermined period of time (preferably equal to 600 seconds). In the Display mode it can be set with the state value of the bicycle 2 “On Sale”. In this mode, the processor P1 detects the geographical position as in the case of the Visible mode, but wherein the predetermined time interval is greater than that in the Visible mode.
In the Display mode, the processor P3 of a mobile terminal 104 which receives the recognition signal S1 provides the user with a request for purchase. In response to the selection of the purchase request, the processor P3 sends a purchase request for to the owner of the bicycle 2.
In the “Alert" mode, the processor P1 receives from said one or more sensors 1023 an acceleration value 310 of the bicycle 2. The processor commands the sending of an alarm signal S2, if the acceleration value 310 is greater than zero for a predetermined time interval 310' (preferably greater than one second, even more preferably greater than two seconds). The "Pause" mode allows management of the bicycle 2 which is released for an interval of time in a certain position. The processor P1 sends to the centralised database 105 a release position, defined by the geographical position in which the bicycle 2 is released. Subsequently, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 controls the position, in real time, of the mobile terminal 104 (which is connected to the owner). Based on said comparison, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 determines whether the owner is further from the release position than a value greater than a preset value and notifies it that the threshold has been exceeded. If the processor P1 detects, by means of the accelerometer 1023, a movement of the bicycle 2 for a period of time greater than a predetermined interval (preferably equal to 1 second or 2 seconds), it sends an alarm signal S2, to notify the owner of a potential theft. This control, which notifies a movement of the bicycle, is also activated in the "Garage" mode.
In the "Garage" mode, it is also possible to set an permissible radius value, which determines a maximum distance from the release position in Garage mode. In other words, the processor P1 , on the basis of the signals received from the accelerometers, determines a movement, relative to the release position, of the bicycle 2. If said movement is greater than the permissible radius value, the processor P1 sends the alarm signal S2.
If, following sending of the alarm signal S2, the owner does not intervene in any way, the processor P1 sends a signal to the centralised database 105 for setting the state value of the bicycle on the “Stolen” value.
In the “Race mode” mode, the processor P1 receives an inclination value of the bicycle and checks that the angle of inclination does not undergo sudden variations. In particular, if the angle of inclination is greater than 60° and if the accelerometer detects a static condition of the bicycle (that is, immobility for more than a predetermined time), the processor P1 sends the alarm signal S2.
In the “Maintenance” mode, the processor P3 of the mobile terminal 104 (or the processor P2 of the remote terminal 103) receives maintenance data, representing specifications relative to the maintenance operation. The maintenance data is preferably saved in the centralised database 105 and also in the distributed ledger 106. This is important because it certifies what is stated by the maintenance technician, increasing the transparency regarding the quality of each object (bicycle).
In the “Emergency” mode, the processor P1 sends an alarm signal S2, that is, an emergency signal, including the emergency code of the matrix, the geographical position and the bicycle identifier.
According to an embodiment, the communication device 102 comprises an anti-jamming system. The anti-jamming system is configured for blocking any jamming devices, that is to say, devices which block the transmission of the alarm signals S2.
In particular, the anti-jamming system works as follows. The communication module 1021 is programmed by the processor P1 to ping (that is, to make periodic requests to the centralised database 105) for assessing whether the state or the mode of the bicycle 2 has been modified by the owner.
In particular, this step is optimised since the centralised database 105 is programmed for setting up an updating parameter, representing a change in the state value and/or the mode value. The communication module 1021 reads the value of the updating parameter before reading the state value or the mode value, in such a way as to read them only if the updating parameter is activated. In that case, the communication module 1021 reads the state value and/or the mode value and deactivates the updating parameter.
The anti -jamming system is therefore defined by a control on the pinging activities. If the centralised database 105 does not receive requests (pings) from the communication device 102, the latter sends a notification to the owner, notifying that the communication device 102 is having problems or, presumably, it is subject to jamming.

Claims

1. Method (M1) for uniquely identifying an object and an owner thereof, the method being performed by at least a first processor (P2) and comprising the following steps:
- receiving (F1) a first identification code (C1), uniquely associated with an identifier device (101) embedded in the object;
- receiving (F2) manufacturer data (301), representative of a manufacturer's specification of the object;
- generating (F21) a manufacturer identifier (IP), uniquely associated with the manufacturer data (301);
- receiving (F3) owner data (302), representative of an object owner's specifications;
- generating (F31) an owner identifier (IPR), uniquely associated with the owner data (302);
- storing (F4) producer data (301) and owner data (301) in a memory (105);
- receiving (F5) model data (303), representative of object specifications;
- saving the model data (303) in the memory (105), in association with the first identification code (C1), characterized by comprising a saving step (F6) of the first identifier (C1), the producer identifier (IP), and the owner identifier (IPR), associated with each other, in a distributed ledger technology (106).
2. Method (M1) according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps:
- receiving (F7) recognition signals (S1) emitted by the identifier device (101) in a mobile terminal (104), placed in proximity to the object and including a second processor (P3);
- retrieving (F8) model data (303), manufacturer data (301), and owner data (302) from memory (105) based on the recognition signal (S1); - generating (F9) first display data, to show object specifications, manufacturer specifications, and owner specifications on a remote terminal display (104).
3. Method (M1) according to claim 2, comprising a step of detecting a geographic location of the mobile terminal (104) and receiving the acknowledgement signals (S1) and wherein the second processor (P3), for each received acknowledgement signal (S1), saves in the memory the successful receipt and the geographic location of the mobile terminal (104) that received the acknowledgement signals (S1).
4. Method (M1) according to claim 3, comprising a state setting step, wherein the first or second processor (P2, P3) receives a state value (VS), representative of a condition of the object, and wherein, when the state value (VS) is set to a first predetermined value, whenever the second processor (P3) receives the acknowledgement signals (S1), the second processor (P3) notifies, on an additional mobile terminal or remote terminal (103), an alarm including also the geographic location of the mobile terminal (104).
5. Method (M1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:
- receiving (F10) communication data (304), identifying one or more multimedia contents;
- saving (F11) the communication data (304) in the memory (105), in association with the first identification code (C1).
6. Method (M1) according to claim 5, comprising the following steps:
- receiving (F12) acknowledgement signals (S1) from the remote terminal (104), representative of the first identification code (C1);
- retrieving (F13) communication data from memory (105) based on the first identification code (C1);
- generating (F14) second display data, to show multimedia contents on a display of the remote terminal (104).
7. Method (M1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:
- receiving (F15) control data (310), received from the identifier device (101) and representative of a physical parameter related to the environment in which the object is disposed;
- retrieving (F16) predefined control data (310'), representative of a limit value of the physical parameter;
- comparing (F17) between the control data (310) and the predefined control data (310');
- generating (F18) an alarm signal (S2), based on the comparison between control data (310) and the predetermined control data (310').
8. Method (M1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control data (310) is representative of values of one or more of the following physical parameters:
- geographic location;
- temperature;
- acceleration;
- humidity; and wherein the predetermined control data (310') is representative of the following values:
- a geographic area;
- a range of allowable temperatures;
- a range of allowable accelerations;
- a range of allowable humidity.
9. Method (M1) according to claim 7 or 8, comprising a state setting step, wherein the first or second processor receives a state value, representative of a condition of the object, and wherein predetermined control data (310') is calculated by the first processor (P2) based on the state set value.
10. Method (M1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising - a step of receiving a second identifier code, uniquely associated with a second identifier device, integrable to the object, wherein the second identifier code is saved in the decentralized repository in association with the first identifier code.
11. A system (100) for uniquely identifying an object and an owner thereof, comprising:
- an identifier device (101), configured to send an acknowledgement signal (S1) including at least a first identifier code (C1), the identifier device (101) being integrated and bound with the object;
- a control terminal (103), including a first processor (P2);
- wherein the first processor is programmed to:
- receive the first identifier code (C1), uniquely associated with the identifier device (101) integrated with the object;
- receive manufacturer data (301), representative of a manufacturer's specification of the object;
- save the manufacturer data (301 ) in a memory (105);
- generate a manufacturer identifier (IP), uniquely associated with the manufacturer data (301 );
- receive owner data (302), representing specifications of an object owner;
- generate an owner identifier (IPR), uniquely associated with owner data (302);
- save manufacturer data (301) and owner data (302) in a memory (105);
- receive model data (303), representative of object specifications;
- save model data (303) in memory (105), in association with model data (303) to the first identification code (C1), characterized in that the processor (P2) is programmed to save the first identifier (C1), the manufacturer identifier (IP), and the owner identifier (IPR) in a distributed ledger technology (106).
12. System (100) according to claim 11 , comprising a mobile terminal (104), positionable near the object and including a second processor (P3), a receiver, configured to receive the recognition signal (S1) from the identifier device (101), and a display, configured to show one or more information about the object, and wherein the second processor (P3) is programmed to:
- receive the recognition signals (S1);
- retrieve model data (303), manufacturer data (301) and owner data (302) from memory (105) based on the recognition signals (S1);
- generate first display data, to show object specifications, manufacturer specifications, and owner specifications on the remote terminal display (104).
13. System (100) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the identifier device (101) is one of the following devices:
- passive tag (101) including an RFID antenna and/or an NFC antenna;
- active electronic device (102) including one or more of the following components: a processor (P1), configured to execute a computer program; a location module (1022), configured to determine the location of the object, a communication module (1021), configured to exchange wireless signals with the remote terminal (103) and/or the mobile terminal (104), a power supply unit (1024), to electrically power the communication module (1021) and the location module (1022), one or more sensors (1023), configured to determine values of physical parameters of the object or surroundings.
14. System (100) according to claim 11 , 12 or 13, wherein the system comprises a plurality of identifier devices (101), each integrated and bound to a corresponding portion of the object.
15. System (100) according to claim 14, comprising a productive remote terminal (107), configured to: - receive, for each object, a plurality of identification codes (C1), each associated with the corresponding identifier device (101);
- associate each identification code (C1) received with a same product identifier, univocally associated with the object.
16. System (100) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein each identifying device of said plurality (101) is one of the following devices:
- passive tag (101) including an RFID antenna and/or an NFC antenna;
- active electronic device (102) including one or more of the following components: a location module (1022), configured to determine the location of the object, a communication module (1021), configured to exchange wireless signals with the remote terminal (103) and/or the mobile terminal (104), a power supply unit (1024), to electrically power the communication module (1021) and the location module (1022), one or more sensors (1023), configured to determine values of physical parameters of the object or surroundings.
17. A computer implemented program including instructions for executing the method steps according to any one of claims 1 to 10 when executed on at least one processor (P1 , P2, P3) of the system (100) according to any one of claims 11 to 16.
EP21758433.3A 2021-03-31 2021-07-26 Method and system for uniquely identifying and managing an object, in particular a bicycle Pending EP4315901A1 (en)

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PCT/IB2021/056766 WO2022208153A1 (en) 2021-03-31 2021-07-26 Method and system for uniquely identifying and managing an object, in particular a bicycle

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WO2013090465A1 (en) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-20 Biketrak, Inc. Bicycle theft monitoring and recovery devices
JP2021517686A (en) * 2018-03-14 2021-07-26 セキュリティ マターズ リミテッド Systems and methods for supply chain management and consistency verification via blockchain
US20200065353A1 (en) * 2018-08-22 2020-02-27 Zest Labs, Inc. Data validation and healing through group association
EP3651092A1 (en) * 2018-11-06 2020-05-13 Universidade da Coruña Tracking devices using blockchain or other distributed ledger technology

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