EP3315681A1 - Method for manufacturing a hollow element - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a hollow element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3315681A1
EP3315681A1 EP17199047.6A EP17199047A EP3315681A1 EP 3315681 A1 EP3315681 A1 EP 3315681A1 EP 17199047 A EP17199047 A EP 17199047A EP 3315681 A1 EP3315681 A1 EP 3315681A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
devices
formwork
wheel
wheels
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17199047.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Emeric SIMON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovation Et Conseil
Original Assignee
Innovation Et Conseil
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innovation Et Conseil filed Critical Innovation Et Conseil
Publication of EP3315681A1 publication Critical patent/EP3315681A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
    • B28B23/0087—Lightweight aggregates for making lightweight articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
    • B28B3/14—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material with co-operating pocketed rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/16—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using pocketed rollers, e.g. two co-operating pocketed rollers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to building plates for the realization of work, and more particularly slabs and walls.
  • plates are used which may be slabs for the foundations of the structure or walls to construct walls and partitions.
  • the walls are placed vertically and the slabs are, for their part, placed on the ground or a support located above the ground to make floors.
  • Slabs are usually made of concrete.
  • the malleable concrete is then poured into a formwork and its curing is waited for to obtain a flat surface adapted to receive a floor, for example a wooden floor, in tiling, ...
  • these slabs are heavy and must rest on a suitable supporting structure.
  • lightweight concrete composed of cement, water, aggregates, and polystyrene beads can be used.
  • aerated concrete in which air is injected when the concrete is in the liquid state before hardening to create cavities. But we can not control precisely the density of the slabs thus obtained. In addition, these slabs do not provide sufficient thermal and acoustic insulation.
  • slabs made by depositing dry aggregates (usually clay), that is to say without cement, on a support intended for to support a floor.
  • the support may be a ground, when the floor is made in a cellar of a building, or the support may be a concrete slab, a floor of wood or tiling for living rooms located above the ground. But these dry slabs do not offer sufficient acoustic and thermal insulation either.
  • An object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages, and more particularly to provide means for improving the acoustic and thermal insulation of structures.
  • a construction plate for the construction of a structure comprising a formwork delimiting a filling zone, and a plurality of devices housed within the filling zone.
  • each device has a body defining at least one closed cavity.
  • any type of plate such as a wall or a slab, can be made comprising a residual volume of air effective to increase the acoustic and thermal insulation of the structure.
  • the residual volume corresponds to the sum of the volumes defined by the closed cavities of the devices. It is thus possible to control the acoustic and thermal properties of the plates produced because the residual volume can be precisely determined.
  • the plate may comprise a material comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder, the material being housed within the filling zone and the devices being embedded in the material.
  • the binder may comprise a cement.
  • the body of the devices can be coated with an adhesive film to mechanically link the devices together and with the formwork.
  • the adhesive film may comprise a mortar.
  • the body of the devices may comprise a ceramic material.
  • the body of the devices may comprise a plastic material.
  • the plate may comprise a protective layer covering the filling area.
  • the method may comprise a filling step in which a material comprising a binder and granules is poured into the filling zone to embed the devices within the material.
  • the structure can be a building, a house, a shed, ...
  • the plate 1 comprises a formwork 2 and several devices 3.
  • the formwork 2 delimits a filling zone 4.
  • the formwork 2 can have a varied shape and a thickness varied.
  • the formwork 2 has at least one longitudinal element 5 to 8, that is to say having a length greater than its height and its width.
  • the formwork 2 may comprise a single longitudinal element 5 to 8 describing a closed curve, such as a circle, an ellipse, an ovoid curve, a triangle, a quadrilateral or a polygonal curve.
  • the formwork 2 comprises four longitudinal elements 5 to 8 fixed together to describe a closed curve in order to define the filling area 4.
  • a parallelepiped formwork 2 is obtained.
  • the formwork 2 is open to allow filling of the filling zone 4 with the devices 3.
  • the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 may be fixed together so that the formwork 2 has two opposite planar surfaces S, T These surfaces S, T may be open or partially closed by two additional formwork elements, such as lids fixed on the longitudinal elements 5, 8.
  • the formwork 2 may comprise a single cover 16, as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 to completely or partially close a surface S, T.
  • the formwork 2 comprises two lids respectively closing the two surfaces S, T, partially or totally.
  • a longitudinal member 5 to 8 may be a beam, a wall or a partition.
  • the formwork 2 is intended to be placed on a supporting structure 9.
  • the supporting structure 9 may be the ground, a floor, a concrete slab.
  • the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 may be curved, as well as the covers if necessary, to form a curved formwork 2 adapted to the irregularities of the supporting structure 9.
  • each device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11, illustrated in FIG. figure 4 .
  • Cavity 11 means an empty space housed inside the body 10 of the device 3.
  • closed cavity 11 is meant a void space enclosed within the device 3.
  • the cavity 11 forms a volume containing a gas, preferably air.
  • the bodies 10 of the devices 3 occupy a volume, denoted occupancy volume, within the plate 1, and the cavities 11 guarantee an unoccupied volume, noted residual volume, corresponding to the sum of the volumes defined by the cavities 11 of each of the 3.
  • a plate 1 having a residual volume which improves the acoustic and thermal properties.
  • plates 1 that can be used to make walls or slabs. Due to the thickness of the bodies 10 of the devices 3, there is provided a plate 1 having sufficient compressive strength. When the bodies 10 are made of ceramic, plates 1 having good fire resistance are provided because the ceramic is a non-combustible material. Due to the residual volume created by the cavities 11 in the devices 3, the thermal properties of the plate 1 are increased because the air is a thermal insulator. Furthermore, the thickness of the walls of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 and the cavities 11 located within the walls contribute to improving the acoustic properties of the plates 1. In fact, the wall succession, cavity 11, wall, of the devices 3 makes it possible to In addition, the residual volume created by the set of devices 3 lightens the plate 1.
  • spaces are created between the devices 3, which provides a drainage property to let passing gravity liquids that could infiltrate the plate 1. It is also possible to know precisely the volume of each cavity 11 and thus determine a specific residual volume, which allows to control the thermal properties, acoustic and density of the plate 1.
  • the device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11.
  • the body 10 of the device 3 is particularly liquid-tight, for example to the water or mortar in the liquid phase before curing.
  • the body 10 of the device 3 extends along a longitudinal axis A of the device 3 and has two closed ends 12, 13.
  • the closed ends 12, 13 may each have a linear shape.
  • the ends 12, 13 are parallel to each other.
  • the body 10 of the device 3 has a cylindrical shape.
  • cylinder is here understood to mean a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface generated by a line, referred to as a generator, running through a closed planar curve, denoted as a director, and two planes intersecting the generatrices.
  • the body 10 may have a shape of a tube.
  • the body of the device 3 can also delimit several cavities 11, communicating with each other or not.
  • the closed cavities 11 prevent the devices 3 from nesting into each other, regardless of their size and shape.
  • the dimensions of the devices 3 are adjustable.
  • each device 8 has a length of between 30 and 100 mm, and preferably equal to 50 mm.
  • the length of the device 3 corresponds to the distance between the two ends 12, 13.
  • the length of the cylindrical portion of the body 3 may be between 20 and 90 mm. In this case, each end 12, 13 may have a length equal to 5 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion of the body 3 may be between 10 and 40 mm.
  • the internal diameter of the cylindrical portion of the body 3 may be between 8 and 38 mm.
  • the thickness of the wall of the body 3 may be equal to 2 mm.
  • the plate 1 comprises only devices 3 each having a closed cavity 11.
  • the thickness of the walls, the internal and external diameter and the length of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 can be varied to obtain thermal, acoustic and densities adjusted according to needs.
  • the plate 1 comprises a material 14 comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder.
  • the material 14 is housed within the filling zone 4 and the devices 3 are embedded in the within the material 14.
  • the binder may comprise a cement. Thanks to the bodies 10 of the devices which delimit at least one closed cavity 11, it is ensured that the plate 1 has a residual volume, since the devices 3 are sealed to the material 14 and prevents it from penetrating inside the cavities 11. material 14 can increase the compressive strength of the plate 1.
  • the body 10 of the devices 3 is coated with an adhesive film 15 to mechanically link the devices 3 to each other and to the formwork 2
  • the adhesive film 15 may comprise a mortar.
  • the devices 3 are coated with an adhesive film 15 which surrounds the outer surface of the body 10 of the devices 3.
  • the devices 3 For coating the bodies of adhesive film devices 15, the devices 3 may for example be poured into mortar and a sieve used to remove excess mortar. In this case, an external film of mortar 15 coats the outer surface of the devices 3. Thus, the closed cavity 11 is protected and its volume remains unchanged.
  • the plate 1 may comprise a protective cover 16 covering the filling area 4.
  • the protective cover 16 may be a cover as defined above. The protective cover 16 protects the devices 3 during the transport of the plate 1, to prevent the bodies 10 break.
  • the body of the devices 3 may comprise a ceramic material. Ceramics offer good mechanical resistance to compression, and allows plates 1 to be lighter than devices made of metal.
  • the devices 8 can also be made in cement, or mortar, of raw clay, which are, like ceramics, materials having good mechanical resistance to compression.
  • the devices 3 may be made of metal or plastic.
  • the method comprises a step of using a system comprising two toothed wheels 20, 21. Also shown on the figure 12 , a front view of one of the wheels 20, 21.
  • Each wheel 20, 21 comprises at least two teeth 22 to 25.
  • a wheel 20, 21 comprises six teeth, as shown in FIG. figure 8 .
  • a tooth 22 to 25 comprises a head 26 located at its top and a base 27.
  • the teeth 22 to 25 of the same wheel 20, 21 are placed at the periphery of the wheel 20, 21 and at a distance D 1 the other. The distance D separates two bases 27 from two adjacent teeth 24, 25.
  • the distance D may be identical between two adjacent teeth of the wheel 20, 21.
  • the neighboring teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 of a same wheel 20, 21 delimit a housing 28a, 28b for receiving the body 10 of a device 3.
  • the wheels 20, 21 are mounted to rotate about axes of rotations R1, R2, which are parallel.
  • the wheels 20, 21 are further rotated in opposite directions and at the same speed of rotation.
  • the wheels 20, 21 are placed one beside the other and so that two teeth 22, 24 of the two respective wheels 20, 21 are facing each other whenever the wheels 20, 21 rotate one revolution.
  • a housing 28a, 28b has a bottom extending in length between the respective bases 27 of two adjacent teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 of a wheel 20, 21.
  • the bottom of a housing 28a, 28b has a length equal to the distance D between two bases 27.
  • the bottom of a housing 28a, 28b is planar.
  • a separation distance separates the two bottoms of the respective recesses 28a, 28b of the two wheels 20, 21, when two teeth 22, 24 of the two respective wheels 20, 21 are facing each other, as illustrated on figure 8 and 10 .
  • the device 3 can be produced by translating a hollow tube 29 between the two wheels 20, 21.
  • the distance away is strictly greater than an external diameter of the hollow tube 29.
  • the bottoms of the housings 28a, 28b are located at a distance from the hollow tube 29, that is to say that the bottoms of the housings 28a, 28b are not in contact with the hollow tube 29.
  • Such a distance removes advantageously makes it possible not to crush the hollow tube 29 which is housed in dwellings 28a, 28b. This avoids a possible bonding of the device 3 with a wheel 20, 21, such a bonding could affect the operation of the two-toothed gear system 20, 21.
  • the toothed wheels 20, 21 are rotated and the hollow tube 29 is translated in a direction 30 between the two wheels 20, 21.
  • the method is particularly suitable for manufacturing devices 3 whose body 10 is ceramic.
  • the ceramic is malleable before a firing step so as to form the closed cavity 11 within the device 3, and because it becomes solid after firing to give the desired strength to the plate 1.
  • the axes of rotation R1, R2 are horizontal so as to use the force of gravity to produce the devices 3.
  • the axes of rotation R1, R2 are vertical, that is to say perpendicular to the ground.
  • first teeth 23, 25 which are opposite one another cooperate with one another to form the first end 12 of a first device 3a.
  • the formation of the first end 12 is performed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes a first end of the cavity 11.
  • the hollow tube 29 is found housed in the housings 28a, 28b of the wheels 20, 21 and is not crushed, which forms the body 10 of the first device 3a.
  • two second teeth 22, 24 which are in facing relation cooperate with each other to form the second end 13 of the first device 3a.
  • the formation of the second end 13 is also performed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes the second end of the cavity 11.
  • the wheels 20, 21 continue to rotate and advance the hollow tube 29.
  • the second teeth 22, 24 intersect the second end 13 and push in the direction of translation 30 the first device 3a, while a second device 3b is in course of realization.
  • the head 26 of the teeth 22 to 25 may be pointed so as to form the ends 12, 13 of the devices 3 and to cut the hollow tube 29 to separate the devices 3a, 3b.
  • the method comprises a filling step in which a material 14 is poured into the filling zone 4. comprising a binder and aggregates for embedding the devices 3 within the material 14.
  • the invention which has just been described makes it possible to provide building elements that are particularly suitable for dwellings, such as buildings or houses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Plaque de construction pour la réalisation d'ouvrage, comprenant un coffrage (2) délimitant une zone de remplissage (4), et une pluralité de dispositifs (3) logés au sein de la zone de remplissage (4), chaque dispositif (3) ayant un corps (10) délimitant au moins une cavité fermée.Construction plate for the construction of a structure, comprising a formwork (2) delimiting a filling zone (4), and a plurality of devices (3) housed within the filling zone (4), each device (3) having a body (10) delimiting at least one closed cavity.

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention concerne les plaques de construction pour la réalisation d'ouvrage, et plus particulièrement des dalles et des parois.The invention relates to building plates for the realization of work, and more particularly slabs and walls.

État de la techniqueState of the art

Actuellement, lors de la construction d'ouvrages, tels que des immeubles, des maisons, ou des hangars, on utilise des plaques qui peuvent être des dalles pour les fondations de l'ouvrage ou des parois pour construire les murs et les cloisons. Les parois sont placées à la verticale et les dalles sont, quant à elles, placées sur le sol ou un support situé au-dessus du sol pour réaliser des planchers.Currently, during the construction of structures, such as buildings, houses, or sheds, plates are used which may be slabs for the foundations of the structure or walls to construct walls and partitions. The walls are placed vertically and the slabs are, for their part, placed on the ground or a support located above the ground to make floors.

Les dalles sont généralement réalisées en béton. On coule alors le béton malléable au sein d'un coffrage et on attend son durcissement pour obtenir une surface plane adaptée pour recevoir un plancher, par exemple un plancher en bois, en carrelage, ... Mais ces dalles sont lourdes et doivent reposer sur une structure porteuse adaptée. Pour alléger les dalles en béton, on peut utiliser un béton léger composé de ciment, d'eau, de granulats, et de billes de polystyrène. On peut également utiliser un béton aéré dans lequel on injecte de l'air, lorsque le béton est à l'état liquide avant durcissement, pour créer des cavités. Mais on ne peut pas maîtriser avec précision la densité des dalles ainsi obtenues. En outre, ces dalles n'offrent pas une isolation thermique et acoustique suffisante.Slabs are usually made of concrete. The malleable concrete is then poured into a formwork and its curing is waited for to obtain a flat surface adapted to receive a floor, for example a wooden floor, in tiling, ... But these slabs are heavy and must rest on a suitable supporting structure. To lighten concrete slabs, lightweight concrete composed of cement, water, aggregates, and polystyrene beads can be used. It is also possible to use aerated concrete in which air is injected when the concrete is in the liquid state before hardening to create cavities. But we can not control precisely the density of the slabs thus obtained. In addition, these slabs do not provide sufficient thermal and acoustic insulation.

Il existe des dalles, dites sèches, réalisées en déposant des granulats secs (généralement en argile), c'est-à-dire sans ciment, sur un support destiné à supporter un plancher. Le support peut être un terrain, lorsque le plancher est réalisé dans une cave d'un bâtiment, ou le support peut être une dalle en béton, un plancher en bois ou en carrelage pour des pièces d'habitation situées au-dessus du sol. Mais ces dalles sèches n'offrent pas non plus une isolation acoustique et thermique suffisante.There are slabs, called dry, made by depositing dry aggregates (usually clay), that is to say without cement, on a support intended for to support a floor. The support may be a ground, when the floor is made in a cellar of a building, or the support may be a concrete slab, a floor of wood or tiling for living rooms located above the ground. But these dry slabs do not offer sufficient acoustic and thermal insulation either.

Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention

Un objet de l'invention consiste à pallier ces inconvénients, et plus particulièrement à fournir des moyens pour améliorer l'isolation acoustique et thermique d'ouvrages.An object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages, and more particularly to provide means for improving the acoustic and thermal insulation of structures.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé une plaque de construction pour la réalisation d'ouvrage, comprenant un coffrage délimitant une zone de remplissage, et une pluralité de dispositifs logés au sein de la zone de remplissage.According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a construction plate for the construction of a structure, comprising a formwork delimiting a filling zone, and a plurality of devices housed within the filling zone.

En particulier, chaque dispositif a un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée.In particular, each device has a body defining at least one closed cavity.

Ainsi, on peut réaliser tout type de plaque, telle une paroi ou une dalle, comprenant un volume résiduel d'air efficace pour augmenter l'isolation acoustique et thermique de l'ouvrage. Le volume résiduel correspond à la somme des volumes définis par les cavités fermées des dispositifs. On peut ainsi maîtriser les propriétés acoustiques et thermiques des plaques réalisées car on peut déterminer précisément le volume résiduel.Thus, any type of plate, such as a wall or a slab, can be made comprising a residual volume of air effective to increase the acoustic and thermal insulation of the structure. The residual volume corresponds to the sum of the volumes defined by the closed cavities of the devices. It is thus possible to control the acoustic and thermal properties of the plates produced because the residual volume can be precisely determined.

La plaque peut comprendre un matériau comportant un liant et des granulats agrégés au sein du liant, le matériau étant logé au sein de la zone de remplissage et les dispositifs étant noyés au sein du matériau.The plate may comprise a material comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder, the material being housed within the filling zone and the devices being embedded in the material.

Le liant peut comporter un ciment.The binder may comprise a cement.

Le corps des dispositifs peut être enduit d'une pellicule adhésive pour lier mécaniquement les dispositifs entre eux et avec le coffrage.The body of the devices can be coated with an adhesive film to mechanically link the devices together and with the formwork.

La pellicule adhésive peut comprendre un mortier.The adhesive film may comprise a mortar.

Le corps des dispositifs peut comporter une matière céramique.The body of the devices may comprise a ceramic material.

Le corps des dispositifs peut comporter une matière plastique.The body of the devices may comprise a plastic material.

La plaque peut comprendre une couche de protection couvrant la zone de remplissage.The plate may comprise a protective layer covering the filling area.

Selon un autre aspect, il est proposé un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif ayant un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée, comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • placer deux roues dentées ayant deux axes de rotation respectifs parallèles ;
  • animer en rotation les deux roues dentées en sens contraire de manière que deux dents voisines d'une première roue sont placées en regard de deux dents voisines de la deuxième roue au moins à chaque tour d'une roue ; et
  • translater un tube creux entre les deux roues pour réaliser le dispositif.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of manufacturing a device having a body defining at least one closed cavity, comprising the following steps:
  • placing two toothed wheels having two respective parallel axes of rotation;
  • rotating the two toothed wheels in opposite directions so that two adjacent teeth of a first wheel are placed facing two teeth adjacent to the second wheel at least every turn of a wheel; and
  • translate a hollow tube between the two wheels to make the device.

Selon un autre aspect, il est proposé un procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de construction telle que définie ci-avant, comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fournir un coffrage délimitant une zone de remplissage, et
  • loger au sein de la zone de remplissage une pluralité de dispositifs ayant chacun un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of manufacturing a building plate as defined above, comprising the following steps:
  • provide a formwork defining a filling area, and
  • accommodating within the filling zone a plurality of devices each having a body defining at least one closed cavity.

Le procédé peut comprendre une étape de remplissage dans laquelle on verse au sein de la zone de remplissage un matériau comportant un liant et des granulats pour noyer les dispositifs au sein du matériau.The method may comprise a filling step in which a material comprising a binder and granules is poured into the filling zone to embed the devices within the material.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1, illustre schématiquement une vue latérale en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'une plaque de construction ;
  • la figure 2, illustre schématiquement une vue de dessus en perspective de la plaque illustrée à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3, illustre schématiquement une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif ayant un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée ;
  • la figure 4, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe du dispositif illustré à la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5, illustre schématiquement une vue antérieure gauche du dispositif illustré à la figure 3 ;
  • les figures 6 et 7, illustrent de façon schématique des vues latérales en perspective d'autres modes de réalisation d'une plaque de construction ;
  • les figures 8 à 11, illustrent de façon schématique des vues en perspective des principales étapes d'un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif ayant un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée ; et
  • la figure 12, illustre de façon schématique une vue latérale en perspective d'une roue dentée.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementation of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically illustrates a perspective side view of an embodiment of a building board;
  • the figure 2 , schematically illustrates a top view in perspective of the plate illustrated in FIG. figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 schematically illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a device having a body delimiting at least one closed cavity;
  • the figure 4 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of the device illustrated in FIG. figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 , schematically illustrates a left anterior view of the device illustrated in FIG. figure 3 ;
  • the Figures 6 and 7 , schematically illustrate side perspective views of other embodiments of a building board;
  • the Figures 8 to 11 , schematically illustrate perspective views of the main steps of a method of manufacturing a device having a body defining at least one closed cavity; and
  • the figure 12 , schematically illustrates a perspective side view of a gear wheel.

Description détailléedetailed description

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a représenté une plaque de construction 1 pour la réalisation d'un ouvrage. L'ouvrage peut être un immeuble, une maison, un hangar, ... La plaque 1 comporte un coffrage 2 et plusieurs dispositifs 3. Le coffrage 2 délimite une zone de remplissage 4. Le coffrage 2 peut avoir une forme variée et une épaisseur variée. De manière générale, le coffrage 2 comporte au moins un élément longitudinal 5 à 8, c'est-à-dire ayant une longueur supérieure à sa hauteur et à sa largeur. Par exemple, le coffrage 2 peut comprendre un seul élément longitudinal 5 à 8 décrivant une courbe fermée, comme un cercle, une ellipse, une courbe ovoïde, un triangle, un quadrilatère ou une courbe polygonale. De préférence, le coffrage 2 comporte quatre éléments longitudinaux 5 à 8 fixés entre eux pour décrire une courbe fermée afin de délimiter la zone de remplissage 4. On obtient ainsi un coffrage 2 parallélépipédique. Préférentiellement, le coffrage 2 est ouvert pour permettre le remplissage de la zone de remplissage 4 avec les dispositifs 3. En outre, les éléments longitudinaux 5 à 8 peuvent être fixés entre eux de façon que le coffrage 2 présente deux surfaces opposées planes S, T. Ces surfaces S, T peuvent être ouvertes ou partiellement fermées par respectivement deux éléments de coffrage supplémentaires, tels des couvercles fixés sur les éléments longitudinaux 5, 8. Par ailleurs, le coffrage 2 peut comprendre un unique couvercle 16, comme illustré sur la figure 7, pour fermer totalement ou partiellement une surface S, T. En variante, le coffrage 2 comporte deux couvercles fermant respectivement les deux surfaces S, T, partiellement ou totalement. Lorsque les couvercles ferment totalement les surfaces S, T, on obtient un coffrage fermé. Un élément longitudinal 5 à 8 peut être une poutre, un mur ou une cloison. Le coffrage 2 est destiné à être posé sur une structure porteuse 9. La structure porteuse 9 peut être le terrain, un plancher, une dalle en béton. En variante, les éléments longitudinaux 5 à 8 peuvent être incurvés, ainsi que les couvercles le cas échéant, pour former un coffrage 2 incurvé adapté aux irrégularités de la structure porteuse 9.On the Figures 1 and 2 , there is shown a construction plate 1 for the realization of a work. The structure can be a building, a house, a shed, ... The plate 1 comprises a formwork 2 and several devices 3. The formwork 2 delimits a filling zone 4. The formwork 2 can have a varied shape and a thickness varied. In general, the formwork 2 has at least one longitudinal element 5 to 8, that is to say having a length greater than its height and its width. For example, the formwork 2 may comprise a single longitudinal element 5 to 8 describing a closed curve, such as a circle, an ellipse, an ovoid curve, a triangle, a quadrilateral or a polygonal curve. Preferably, the formwork 2 comprises four longitudinal elements 5 to 8 fixed together to describe a closed curve in order to define the filling area 4. Thus, a parallelepiped formwork 2 is obtained. Preferably, the formwork 2 is open to allow filling of the filling zone 4 with the devices 3. In addition, the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 may be fixed together so that the formwork 2 has two opposite planar surfaces S, T These surfaces S, T may be open or partially closed by two additional formwork elements, such as lids fixed on the longitudinal elements 5, 8. Furthermore, the formwork 2 may comprise a single cover 16, as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 to completely or partially close a surface S, T. Alternatively, the formwork 2 comprises two lids respectively closing the two surfaces S, T, partially or totally. When the lids completely close the surfaces S, T, we obtain a closed formwork. A longitudinal member 5 to 8 may be a beam, a wall or a partition. The formwork 2 is intended to be placed on a supporting structure 9. The supporting structure 9 may be the ground, a floor, a concrete slab. As a variant, the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 may be curved, as well as the covers if necessary, to form a curved formwork 2 adapted to the irregularities of the supporting structure 9.

Par ailleurs, les dispositifs 3 sont logés au sein de la zone de remplissage 4. Ils remplissent en tout ou partie la zone de remplissage 4. Par exemple, leur distribution au sein de la plaque 1 peut être ordonnée. De préférence, les dispositifs 3 sont logés de manière désordonnée pour faciliter la fabrication de la plaque 1. Autrement dit les dispositifs 3 peuvent être désalignés, non coaxiaux, etc. En particulier, chaque dispositif 3 a un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11, illustrée à la figure 4. On entend par cavité 11, un espace vide logé à l'intérieur du corps 10 du dispositif 3. On entend par cavité fermée 11, un espace vide enfermé à l'intérieur du dispositif 3. La cavité 11 forme un volume contenant un gaz, de préférence de l'air. Les corps 10 des dispositifs 3 occupent un volume, noté volume d'occupation, au sein de la plaque 1, et les cavités 11 garantissent un volume inoccupé, noté volume résiduel, correspondant à la somme des volumes définis par les cavités 11 de chacun des dispositifs 3. Ainsi, on fournit une plaque 1 ayant un volume résiduel qui améliore les propriétés acoustiques et thermiques.Furthermore, the devices 3 are housed within the filling zone 4. They fill all or part of the filling zone 4. For example, their distribution within the plate 1 can be ordered. Preferably, the devices 3 are housed in a disordered manner to facilitate the manufacture of the plate 1. In other words the devices 3 can be misaligned, non-coaxial, etc. In particular, each device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11, illustrated in FIG. figure 4 . Cavity 11 means an empty space housed inside the body 10 of the device 3. By closed cavity 11 is meant a void space enclosed within the device 3. The cavity 11 forms a volume containing a gas, preferably air. The bodies 10 of the devices 3 occupy a volume, denoted occupancy volume, within the plate 1, and the cavities 11 guarantee an unoccupied volume, noted residual volume, corresponding to the sum of the volumes defined by the cavities 11 of each of the 3. Thus, there is provided a plate 1 having a residual volume which improves the acoustic and thermal properties.

On peut ainsi créer des plaques 1 qui pourront être utilisées pour réaliser des parois ou des dalles. Grâce à l'épaisseur des corps 10 des dispositifs 3, on offre une plaque 1 ayant une résistance mécanique à la compression suffisante. Lorsque les corps 10 sont réalisés en céramique, on fournit des plaques 1 ayant une bonne tenue au feu, car la céramique est un matériau incombustible. Du fait du volume résiduel créé par les cavités 11 au sein des dispositifs 3, on augmente les propriétés thermiques de la plaque 1, car l'air est un isolant thermique. Par ailleurs, l'épaisseur des parois des corps 10 des dispositifs 3 et les cavités 11 situées au sein des parois participent à améliorer les propriétés acoustiques des plaques 1. En effet, la succession paroi, cavité 11, paroi, des dispositifs 3 permet d'atténuer les ondes acoustiques qui traversent la plaque 1. En outre, le volume résiduel créé par l'ensemble des dispositifs 3 allège la plaque 1. Avantageusement, des espaces sont créés entre les dispositifs 3, ce qui offre une propriété de drainage pour laisser passer les liquides par gravité qui pourraient s'infiltrer dans la plaque 1. On peut également connaître avec précision le volume de chaque cavité 11 et ainsi déterminer un volume résiduel précis, ce qui permet de maîtriser les propriétés thermiques, acoustiques et la densité de la plaque 1.It is thus possible to create plates 1 that can be used to make walls or slabs. Due to the thickness of the bodies 10 of the devices 3, there is provided a plate 1 having sufficient compressive strength. When the bodies 10 are made of ceramic, plates 1 having good fire resistance are provided because the ceramic is a non-combustible material. Due to the residual volume created by the cavities 11 in the devices 3, the thermal properties of the plate 1 are increased because the air is a thermal insulator. Furthermore, the thickness of the walls of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 and the cavities 11 located within the walls contribute to improving the acoustic properties of the plates 1. In fact, the wall succession, cavity 11, wall, of the devices 3 makes it possible to In addition, the residual volume created by the set of devices 3 lightens the plate 1. Advantageously, spaces are created between the devices 3, which provides a drainage property to let passing gravity liquids that could infiltrate the plate 1. It is also possible to know precisely the volume of each cavity 11 and thus determine a specific residual volume, which allows to control the thermal properties, acoustic and density of the plate 1.

Les figures 3 à 5 illustrent un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif 3. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif 3 a un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11. Le corps 10 du dispositif 3 est en particulier étanche aux liquides, par exemple à l'eau ou au mortier en phase liquide avant durcissement. Par exemple, le corps 10 du dispositif 3 s'étend selon un axe longitudinal A du dispositif 3 et comporte deux extrémités fermées 12, 13. Les extrémités fermées 12, 13 peuvent avoir, chacune, une forme linéaire. Préférentiellement, les extrémités 12, 13 sont parallèles entre elles. Par exemple, le corps 10 du dispositif 3 a une forme cylindrique. On entend ici par cylindre, un solide limité par une surface cylindrique engendrée par une droite, notée génératrice, parcourant une courbe plane fermée, notée directrice, et deux plans coupant les génératrices. En particulier, le corps 10 peut avoir une forme d'un tube. Le corps du dispositif 3 peut également délimiter plusieurs cavités 11, communicant entre elles ou non. Avantageusement, les cavités fermées 11 empêchent les dispositifs 3 de s'imbriquer les uns dans les autres, quelle que soit leur taille et leur forme. Les dimensions des dispositifs 3 sont ajustables. Par exemple, chaque dispositif 8 a une longueur comprise entre 30 et 100 mm, et de préférence égale à 50 mm. La longueur du dispositif 3 correspond à la distance entre les deux extrémités 12, 13. La longueur de la partie cylindrique du corps 3, peut être comprise entre 20 et 90 mm. Dans ce cas, chaque extrémité 12, 13 peut avoir une longueur égale à 5 mm. Par exemple, le diamètre extérieur de la partie cylindrique du corps 3, peut être comprise entre 10 et 40 mm. Avantageusement, le diamètre intérieur de la partie cylindrique du corps 3, peut être comprise entre 8 et 38 mm. Dans ce cas, l'épaisseur de la paroi du corps 3 peut être égale à 2 mm.The Figures 3 to 5 illustrate an embodiment of a device 3. According to this embodiment, the device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11. The body 10 of the device 3 is particularly liquid-tight, for example to the water or mortar in the liquid phase before curing. By For example, the body 10 of the device 3 extends along a longitudinal axis A of the device 3 and has two closed ends 12, 13. The closed ends 12, 13 may each have a linear shape. Preferably, the ends 12, 13 are parallel to each other. For example, the body 10 of the device 3 has a cylindrical shape. The term "cylinder" is here understood to mean a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface generated by a line, referred to as a generator, running through a closed planar curve, denoted as a director, and two planes intersecting the generatrices. In particular, the body 10 may have a shape of a tube. The body of the device 3 can also delimit several cavities 11, communicating with each other or not. Advantageously, the closed cavities 11 prevent the devices 3 from nesting into each other, regardless of their size and shape. The dimensions of the devices 3 are adjustable. For example, each device 8 has a length of between 30 and 100 mm, and preferably equal to 50 mm. The length of the device 3 corresponds to the distance between the two ends 12, 13. The length of the cylindrical portion of the body 3 may be between 20 and 90 mm. In this case, each end 12, 13 may have a length equal to 5 mm. For example, the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion of the body 3 may be between 10 and 40 mm. Advantageously, the internal diameter of the cylindrical portion of the body 3 may be between 8 and 38 mm. In this case, the thickness of the wall of the body 3 may be equal to 2 mm.

Préférentiellement, la plaque 1 comporte uniquement des dispositifs 3 ayant chacun une cavité fermée 11. On peut faire varier l'épaisseur des parois, le diamètre interne et externe et la longueur des corps 10 des dispositifs 3, pour obtenir des propriétés thermiques, acoustiques et des densités ajustées en fonction des besoins.Preferably, the plate 1 comprises only devices 3 each having a closed cavity 11. The thickness of the walls, the internal and external diameter and the length of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 can be varied to obtain thermal, acoustic and densities adjusted according to needs.

Sur la figure 6, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation de la plaque de construction 1. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la plaque 1 comprend un matériau 14 comportant un liant et des granulats agrégés au sein du liant. Le matériau 14 est logé au sein de la zone de remplissage 4 et les dispositifs 3 sont noyés au sein du matériau 14. Le liant peut comporter un ciment. Grâce aux corps 10 des dispositifs qui délimitent au moins une cavité fermée 11, on garantit que la plaque 1 comporte un volume résiduel, car les dispositifs 3 sont étanches au matériau 14 et l'empêche de pénétrer à l'intérieur des cavités 11. Le matériau 14 permet d'augmenter la résistance à la compression de la plaque 1.On the figure 6 another embodiment of the building board 1 is shown. According to this embodiment, the plate 1 comprises a material 14 comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder. The material 14 is housed within the filling zone 4 and the devices 3 are embedded in the within the material 14. The binder may comprise a cement. Thanks to the bodies 10 of the devices which delimit at least one closed cavity 11, it is ensured that the plate 1 has a residual volume, since the devices 3 are sealed to the material 14 and prevents it from penetrating inside the cavities 11. material 14 can increase the compressive strength of the plate 1.

Sur la figure 7, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation de la plaque de construction 1. Selon cet autre mode de réalisation, le corps 10 des dispositifs 3 est enduit d'une pellicule adhésive 15 pour lier mécaniquement les dispositifs 3 entre eux et avec le coffrage 2. La pellicule adhésive 15 peut comprendre un mortier. En d'autres termes, les dispositifs 3 sont enrobés d'une pellicule adhésive 15 qui entoure la surface extérieure du corps 10 des dispositifs 3. Ainsi, on offre une plaque 1 autoportante, c'est-à-dire dont la stabilité est assurée par la seule rigidité de ses éléments 2, 3, à savoir son coffrage 2 dont les éléments sont fixés entre eux et ses dispositifs 3 liés mécaniquement entre eux et avec le coffrage 2. On peut ainsi fournir des plaques 1 préfabriquées dont la réalisation peut être maîtrisée et pour faciliter la construction d'ouvrages.On the figure 7 another embodiment of the building board 1 is shown. According to this other embodiment, the body 10 of the devices 3 is coated with an adhesive film 15 to mechanically link the devices 3 to each other and to the formwork 2 The adhesive film 15 may comprise a mortar. In other words, the devices 3 are coated with an adhesive film 15 which surrounds the outer surface of the body 10 of the devices 3. Thus, there is provided a self-supporting plate 1, that is to say whose stability is ensured. by the mere rigidity of its elements 2, 3, namely its formwork 2, the elements of which are fixed together and its devices 3 mechanically connected to each other and to the formwork 2. It is thus possible to provide prefabricated plates 1, the embodiment of which may be controlled and to facilitate the construction of works.

Pour enduire les corps 10 des dispositifs d'une pellicule adhésive 15, on peut, par exemple, verser les dispositifs 3 dans du mortier et utiliser un tamis pour éliminer le surplus de mortier. Dans ce cas, une pellicule externe de mortier 15 enrobe la surface externe des dispositifs 3Ainsi, la cavité fermée 11 est protégée et son volume reste inchangé. La plaque 1 peut comprendre un couvercle de protection 16 couvrant la zone de remplissage 4. Le couvercle de protection 16 peut être un couvercle comme défini ci-avant. Le couvercle de protection 16 permet de protéger les dispositifs 3 pendant le transport de la plaque 1, afin d'éviter que les corps 10 se brisent.For coating the bodies of adhesive film devices 15, the devices 3 may for example be poured into mortar and a sieve used to remove excess mortar. In this case, an external film of mortar 15 coats the outer surface of the devices 3. Thus, the closed cavity 11 is protected and its volume remains unchanged. The plate 1 may comprise a protective cover 16 covering the filling area 4. The protective cover 16 may be a cover as defined above. The protective cover 16 protects the devices 3 during the transport of the plate 1, to prevent the bodies 10 break.

Plus particulièrement, le corps des dispositifs 3 peut comporter une matière céramique. La céramique offre une bonne résistance mécanique à la compression, et permet d'obtenir des plaques 1 plus légères qu'avec des dispositifs réalisés en métal. Les dispositifs 8 peuvent également être réalisés en ciment, ou en mortier, en argile crue, qui sont, tout comme la céramique, des matériaux ayant une bonne résistance mécanique à la compression. En variante, les dispositifs 3 peuvent être réalisés en métal, ou en matière plastique.More particularly, the body of the devices 3 may comprise a ceramic material. Ceramics offer good mechanical resistance to compression, and allows plates 1 to be lighter than devices made of metal. The devices 8 can also be made in cement, or mortar, of raw clay, which are, like ceramics, materials having good mechanical resistance to compression. Alternatively, the devices 3 may be made of metal or plastic.

Sur les figures 8 à 11, on a représenté les principales étapes d'un mode de mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif 3 ayant un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11. Le procédé comprend une étape d'utilisation d'un système comprenant deux roues dentées 20, 21. On a également représenté sur la figure 12, une vue de face d'une des roues 20, 21. Chaque roue 20, 21 comporte au moins deux dents 22 à 25. Par exemple une roue 20, 21 comporte six dents, comme illustré sur la figure 8. Une dent 22 à 25 comporte une tête 26 située à son sommet et une base 27. Les dents 22 à 25 d'une même roue 20, 21 sont placées à la périphérie de la roue 20, 21 et à une distance D l'une de l'autre. La distance D sépare deux bases 27 de deux dents voisines 24, 25. Lorsque la roue 20, 21 comprend plus que deux dents 22 à 25, la distance D peut être identique entre deux dents voisines de la roue 20, 21. Les dents voisines 22, 23 et 24, 25 d'une même roue 20, 21 délimitent un logement 28a, 28b destiné à recevoir le corps 10 d'un dispositif 3. En outre, les roues 20, 21 sont montées à rotation autour d'axes de rotations R1, R2, qui sont parallèles. Les roues 20, 21 sont en outre animées en rotation en sens contraire et à la même vitesse de rotation. En particulier, les roues 20, 21 sont placées l'une à côté de l'autre et de manière que deux dents 22, 24 des deux roues respectives 20, 21 viennent en regard l'une de l'autre à chaque fois que les roues 20, 21 effectuent un tour de rotation.On the Figures 8 to 11 the main steps of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a device 3 having a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11 are represented. The method comprises a step of using a system comprising two toothed wheels 20, 21. Also shown on the figure 12 , a front view of one of the wheels 20, 21. Each wheel 20, 21 comprises at least two teeth 22 to 25. For example a wheel 20, 21 comprises six teeth, as shown in FIG. figure 8 . A tooth 22 to 25 comprises a head 26 located at its top and a base 27. The teeth 22 to 25 of the same wheel 20, 21 are placed at the periphery of the wheel 20, 21 and at a distance D 1 the other. The distance D separates two bases 27 from two adjacent teeth 24, 25. When the wheel 20, 21 comprises more than two teeth 22 to 25, the distance D may be identical between two adjacent teeth of the wheel 20, 21. The neighboring teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 of a same wheel 20, 21 delimit a housing 28a, 28b for receiving the body 10 of a device 3. In addition, the wheels 20, 21 are mounted to rotate about axes of rotations R1, R2, which are parallel. The wheels 20, 21 are further rotated in opposite directions and at the same speed of rotation. In particular, the wheels 20, 21 are placed one beside the other and so that two teeth 22, 24 of the two respective wheels 20, 21 are facing each other whenever the wheels 20, 21 rotate one revolution.

Comme illustré sur la figure 8, un logement 28a, 28b comporte un fond s'étendant en longueur entre les bases 27 respectives de deux dents voisines 22, 23 et 24, 25 d'une roue 20, 21. Le fond d'un logement 28a, 28b a une longueur égale à la distance D séparant deux bases 27. Par exemple, le fond d'un logement 28a, 28b est plan. Une distance d'éloignement sépare les deux fonds des logements 28a, 28b respectifs des deux roues 20, 21, lorsque deux dents 22, 24 des deux roues respectives 20, 21 sont en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, comme illustré sur les figure 8 et 10. En d'autres termes, lorsque deux dents 22, 24 des deux roues respectives 20, 21 sont en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre les fonds respectifs des logements 28a, 28b des deux roues 20, 21 sont parallèles entre eux, et la distance séparant les deux fonds respectifs des logements 28a, 28b correspond à la distance d'éloignement. On peut réaliser le dispositif 3 en translatant un tube creux 29 entre les deux roues 20, 21. De préférence, la distance d'éloignement est strictement supérieure à un diamètre externe du tube creux 29. Ainsi, les fonds des logements 28a, 28b sont situés à distance du tube creux 29, c'est-à-dire que les fonds des logements 28a, 28b ne sont pas en contact avec le tube creux 29. Une telle distance d'éloignement permet avantageusement de ne pas écraser le tube creux 29 qui se trouve logé au sein des logements 28a, 28b. On évite ainsi un collage éventuel du dispositif 3 avec une roue 20, 21, un tel collage pourrait nuire au fonctionnement du système à deux roues dentées 20, 21.As illustrated on the figure 8 a housing 28a, 28b has a bottom extending in length between the respective bases 27 of two adjacent teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 of a wheel 20, 21. The bottom of a housing 28a, 28b has a length equal to the distance D between two bases 27. For example, the bottom of a housing 28a, 28b is planar. A separation distance separates the two bottoms of the respective recesses 28a, 28b of the two wheels 20, 21, when two teeth 22, 24 of the two respective wheels 20, 21 are facing each other, as illustrated on figure 8 and 10 . In other words, when two teeth 22, 24 of the two respective wheels 20, 21 are facing each other the respective bottoms of the housings 28a, 28b of the two wheels 20, 21 are parallel between them, and the distance separating the two respective funds of the housing 28a, 28b corresponds to the distance of removal. The device 3 can be produced by translating a hollow tube 29 between the two wheels 20, 21. Preferably, the distance away is strictly greater than an external diameter of the hollow tube 29. Thus, the bottoms of the housings 28a, 28b are located at a distance from the hollow tube 29, that is to say that the bottoms of the housings 28a, 28b are not in contact with the hollow tube 29. Such a distance removes advantageously makes it possible not to crush the hollow tube 29 which is housed in dwellings 28a, 28b. This avoids a possible bonding of the device 3 with a wheel 20, 21, such a bonding could affect the operation of the two-toothed gear system 20, 21.

Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • placer les deux roues dentées 20, 21 l'une à côté de l'autre ;
  • animer en rotation les deux roues dentées 20, 21 en sens contraire de manière que deux dents voisines 22, 23 d'une première roue 20 sont placées en regard des deux dents voisines 24, 25 de la deuxième roue 21 au moins à chaque tour d'une roue 20, 21 ; et
  • translater un tube creux 29 entre les deux roues 20, 21 pour réaliser le dispositif 3.
The method comprises the following steps:
  • place the two toothed wheels 20, 21 next to each other;
  • rotate the two toothed wheels 20, 21 in opposite directions so that two adjacent teeth 22, 23 of a first wheel 20 are placed facing the two adjacent teeth 24, 25 of the second wheel 21 at least at each turn of rotation. a wheel 20, 21; and
  • translating a hollow tube 29 between the two wheels 20, 21 to produce the device 3.

En d'autres termes, on anime en rotation les roues dentées 20, 21 et on translate le tube creux 29 selon une direction 30 entre les deux roues 20, 21. Le procédé est particulièrement adapté pour fabriquer des dispositifs 3 dont le corps 10 est en céramique. La céramique est malléable avant une étape de cuisson de manière à pouvoir former la cavité fermée 11 au sein du dispositif 3, et car elle devient solide après la cuisson pour donner la résistance mécanique souhaitée à la plaque 1.In other words, the toothed wheels 20, 21 are rotated and the hollow tube 29 is translated in a direction 30 between the two wheels 20, 21. The method is particularly suitable for manufacturing devices 3 whose body 10 is ceramic. The ceramic is malleable before a firing step so as to form the closed cavity 11 within the device 3, and because it becomes solid after firing to give the desired strength to the plate 1.

De préférence, les axes de rotation R1, R2 sont horizontaux de manière à utiliser la force de gravité pour réaliser les dispositifs 3. En variante, les axes de rotation R1, R2 sont verticaux, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaires au sol.Preferably, the axes of rotation R1, R2 are horizontal so as to use the force of gravity to produce the devices 3. Alternatively, the axes of rotation R1, R2 are vertical, that is to say perpendicular to the ground.

De façon générale, comme illustré à la figure 9, lorsqu'on anime en rotation les deux roues 20, 21, deux premières dents 23, 25 qui se trouvent en vis-à-vis coopèrent entre elles pour former la première extrémité 12 d'un premier dispositif 3a. La formation de la première extrémité 12 est réalisée en écrasant le tube creux 29 malléable, ce qui ferme une première extrémité de la cavité 11. Puis, comme illustré sur la figure 10, le tube creux 29 se retrouve logé au sein des logements 28a, 28b des roues 20, 21 et n'est pas écrasé, ce qui forme le corps 10 du premier dispositif 3a. En même temps, deux deuxièmes dents 22, 24 qui se trouvent en vis-à-vis coopèrent entre elles pour former la deuxième extrémité 13 du premier dispositif 3a. La formation de la deuxième extrémité 13 est également réalisée en écrasant le tube creux 29 malléable, ce qui ferme la deuxième extrémité de la cavité 11. Puis, comme illustré sur la figure 11, les roues 20, 21 continuent à tourner et font progresser le tube creux 29. Les deuxièmes dents 22, 24 coupent la deuxième extrémité 13 et poussent selon le sens de translation 30 le premier dispositif 3a, pendant qu'un deuxième dispositif 3b est en cours de réalisation. La tête 26 des dents 22 à 25 peut être pointue de manière à former les extrémités 12, 13 des dispositifs 3 et à couper le tube creux 29 pour séparer les dispositifs 3a, 3b.Generally speaking, as illustrated in figure 9 when the two wheels 20, 21 are rotated in rotation, two first teeth 23, 25 which are opposite one another cooperate with one another to form the first end 12 of a first device 3a. The formation of the first end 12 is performed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes a first end of the cavity 11. Then, as shown in FIG. figure 10 , the hollow tube 29 is found housed in the housings 28a, 28b of the wheels 20, 21 and is not crushed, which forms the body 10 of the first device 3a. At the same time, two second teeth 22, 24 which are in facing relation cooperate with each other to form the second end 13 of the first device 3a. The formation of the second end 13 is also performed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes the second end of the cavity 11. Then, as shown in FIG. figure 11 the wheels 20, 21 continue to rotate and advance the hollow tube 29. The second teeth 22, 24 intersect the second end 13 and push in the direction of translation 30 the first device 3a, while a second device 3b is in course of realization. The head 26 of the teeth 22 to 25 may be pointed so as to form the ends 12, 13 of the devices 3 and to cut the hollow tube 29 to separate the devices 3a, 3b.

De manière générale, le procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de construction 1 pour la réalisation d'un ouvrage, comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • fournir un coffrage 2 délimitant une zone de remplissage 4, et
  • loger au sein de la zone de remplissage 4 une pluralité de dispositifs 3 ayant chacun un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11.
In general, the method of manufacturing a building plate 1 for producing a structure comprises the following steps:
  • provide a formwork 2 delimiting a filling zone 4, and
  • accommodating within the filling zone 4 a plurality of devices 3 each having a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11.

Plus particulièrement, le procédé comprend une étape de remplissage dans laquelle on verse au sein de la zone de remplissage 4 un matériau 14 comportant un liant et des granulats pour noyer les dispositifs 3 au sein du matériau 14.More particularly, the method comprises a filling step in which a material 14 is poured into the filling zone 4. comprising a binder and aggregates for embedding the devices 3 within the material 14.

L'invention qui vient d'être décrite permet de fournir des éléments de construction particulièrement adaptés pour des habitations, telles que des immeubles ou des maisons.The invention which has just been described makes it possible to provide building elements that are particularly suitable for dwellings, such as buildings or houses.

Claims (1)

Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif (3) ayant un corps (10) délimitant au moins une cavité fermée (11) et ayant une forme cylindrique, comprenant les étapes suivantes : - placer deux roues dentées (20, 21) ayant deux axes de rotation respectifs (R1, R2) parallèles ; - animer en rotation les deux roues dentées (20, 21) en sens contraire de manière que deux dents voisines (22, 23) d'une première roue (20) sont placées en regard de deux dents voisines (24, 25) de la deuxième roue (21) au moins à chaque tour d'une roue (20, 21), deux dents voisines (22, 23) d'une même roue (20, 21) délimitant un logement (28a, 28b) destiné à recevoir le corps cylindrique (10) du dispositif (3) ; et - translater un tube creux (29) entre les deux roues (20, 21) pour réaliser le dispositif (3). A method of manufacturing a device (3) having a body (10) delimiting at least one closed cavity (11) and having a cylindrical shape, comprising the steps of: placing two toothed wheels (20, 21) having two respective axes of rotation (R1, R2) parallel; - Animate in rotation the two toothed wheels (20, 21) in the opposite direction so that two adjacent teeth (22, 23) of a first wheel (20) are placed opposite two adjacent teeth (24, 25) of the second wheel (21) at least each turn of a wheel (20, 21), two adjacent teeth (22, 23) of the same wheel (20, 21) delimiting a housing (28a, 28b) for receiving the cylindrical body (10) of the device (3); and translating a hollow tube (29) between the two wheels (20, 21) to produce the device (3).
EP17199047.6A 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Method for manufacturing a hollow element Withdrawn EP3315681A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1660420A FR3058169B1 (en) 2016-10-27 2016-10-27 CONSTRUCTION PLATE FOR CARRYING OUT WORK, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DEVICE INTEGRATED IN BUILDING PLATE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH PLATE

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EP3315681A1 true EP3315681A1 (en) 2018-05-02

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EP17199047.6A Withdrawn EP3315681A1 (en) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Method for manufacturing a hollow element
EP17199030.2A Active EP3315680B8 (en) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Building board for producing a structure and method for manufacturing such a board

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17199030.2A Active EP3315680B8 (en) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Building board for producing a structure and method for manufacturing such a board

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EP (2) EP3315681A1 (en)
FR (2) FR3058169B1 (en)

Citations (3)

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CH470949A (en) * 1967-01-31 1969-04-15 Weibel & Dall O Process for the production of hollow spheres from ceramic material and device for carrying out the process
US20120190597A1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Oxane Materials, Inc. Extrusion Process For Proppant Production
FR3012513A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-01 Const Mecaniques Consultants DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR DAMPING THE CONVERGENCE OF A FIELD, METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH DEVICE AND SYSTEM

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US1206752A (en) * 1916-10-07 1916-11-28 Davis Construction Company Inc Reinforced concrete construction for floors and ceilings.
BE464442A (en) * 1941-10-27
US2477852A (en) * 1945-07-04 1949-08-02 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Structural panel construction
US3831335A (en) * 1972-11-15 1974-08-27 T Ary Prefabricated cast reinforced framed concrete wall section with clips to attach the frame to the reinforcing
US4068429A (en) * 1975-04-21 1978-01-17 Moore Alvin E Wall and wall part
WO1988001325A1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Unan Pty Ltd. Modular building system
DK166462B1 (en) * 1990-10-01 1993-05-24 Joergen Breuning PLANT, DOUBLE-SCRAPED IRON CONCRETE COVER AND PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCING IT
JP2004190332A (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-07-08 Tomuko:Kk Construction method for hollow concrete slab, and embedded material used for the construction method
FR2856092B1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2006-12-29 Rector ENLEGANT ELEMENT FOR ELEGI CONCRETE FLOORS, PREFABRICATED PRECAST CONCRETE SLAB AND ELEGI CONCRETE FLOORS.
GB2428434A (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-31 Henley Consultants Ltd Modular floor units
GB2430945A (en) * 2005-10-08 2007-04-11 Henley Consultants Ltd Modular composite floor units
CN103174293A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 五冶集团上海有限公司 Self-stabilizing type internal mold installation method for hollow floor slab

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH470949A (en) * 1967-01-31 1969-04-15 Weibel & Dall O Process for the production of hollow spheres from ceramic material and device for carrying out the process
US20120190597A1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Oxane Materials, Inc. Extrusion Process For Proppant Production
FR3012513A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-01 Const Mecaniques Consultants DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR DAMPING THE CONVERGENCE OF A FIELD, METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH DEVICE AND SYSTEM

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3058170A1 (en) 2018-05-04
EP3315680A3 (en) 2018-08-22
FR3058169A1 (en) 2018-05-04
FR3058169B1 (en) 2019-11-29
EP3315680A2 (en) 2018-05-02
EP3315680B1 (en) 2020-04-01
EP3315680B8 (en) 2020-05-13

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