EP3259614B1 - Method for ascertaining a piece of local information for a motor vehicle in relation to a driving corridor, and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for ascertaining a piece of local information for a motor vehicle in relation to a driving corridor, and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3259614B1
EP3259614B1 EP16706134.0A EP16706134A EP3259614B1 EP 3259614 B1 EP3259614 B1 EP 3259614B1 EP 16706134 A EP16706134 A EP 16706134A EP 3259614 B1 EP3259614 B1 EP 3259614B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
radar
driving route
information
boundary
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EP16706134.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3259614A1 (en
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Rachid Khlifi
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93271—Sensor installation details in the front of the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93272—Sensor installation details in the back of the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93274—Sensor installation details on the side of the vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining location information of a motor vehicle, which includes a position and / or an orientation, with regard to an available travel corridor in the direction of travel of the motor vehicle, as well as a motor vehicle.
  • junctions are recognized as junctions in digital map material, for example a navigation system, on a map, but the GPS data are not sufficient to be able to determine the exact positioning and orientation of the motor vehicle at an intersection.
  • WO 03/093 914 A1 relates to a method and a device for course prediction in motor vehicles.
  • a positioning system is to be used for objects in front of the vehicle, in which a function is calculated based on measured distance and angle data for stationary targets on the edge of the road, which describes the course of the edge of the road, whereby it is proposed that road edge courses be used for different subsets of the set of stationary targets being tracked to assess and check plausibility against each other in order to be able to determine interfering objects.
  • a radar sensor can be used as a location sensor.
  • US 2013/0 218 448 A1 relates to a road shape estimating device. It is proposed there, given a plurality of detected points, to select a starting point which presumably represents an area of the road, based on a positional relationship between the vehicle and each of the plurality of detected points. In this way, a faster estimate of the course of the road should be given.
  • a radar device is used at the front end of the motor vehicle, whereby it is first detected whether the detected points relate to a stationary object.
  • WO 2009/103 692 A1 relates to a method and an assistance system for detecting objects in the vicinity of a vehicle. Based on an image evaluation of images of the surroundings of the vehicle captured by means of a camera sensor, relevant objects are to be determined, the idea there being that positions of stationary objects in the surroundings of the vehicle are determined using a radar sensor that a course is based on the positions of the stationary objects of a road edge is determined, and that the image evaluation is carried out as a function of the determined course of the road edge.
  • DE 10 2007 024 391 A1 relates to a collision warning device with guardrail detection, a control device evaluating data from the positioning system and issuing a warning signal if there is a risk of collision.
  • a parameter for the transverse dynamics of the vehicle is calculated, which is necessary to avoid a collision with the guardrail, and a warning signal is output if necessary.
  • the guardrails can be detected with a radar sensor, the detection module in particular working in such a way that the warning function is also available for guardrail sections whose radar echo is below the detection threshold for objects.
  • EP 1 873 736 A1 relates to a method and a system for supporting the driver of a motor vehicle in recognizing road bumps. It is about an effective support of the driver in the detection of bumps or speed humps. A detected obstacle is evaluated by means of an evaluation unit to determine whether it is a threshold, with corresponding information being output to the driver and / or to components of the vehicle only if a detected object has been recognized as a threshold, with current speeds of the Motor vehicle can be taken into account.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method for the more precise determination of location information of a motor vehicle relative to a Specify the driving corridor, in particular the boundaries of the currently traveled lane.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that it is possible in the radar data, in particular in the case of high-resolution radar data recorded with radar sensors based on semiconductor technology, features as a descriptive classification of the course of the driving corridor, in particular the roadway, so that after its identification (and thus also localization) a course of the driving corridor can be obtained as driving corridor information, it being possible in particular to provide at least one interpolation to determine the driving corridor information and / or extrapolation is carried out with regard to the features indicating a limitation of the driving corridor. If, for example, the features contain static, i.e.
  • the sensor data of other sensors for example optical environmental sensors such as cameras, can of course also be taken into account when it comes to the identification and localization of features describing the delimitation of the driving corridor and / or deriving the driving corridor information from them.
  • a further development of the invention provides that as a feature at least one feature, in particular an object, that cannot be driven over by the motor vehicle and / or cannot be driven over with a damage probability below a threshold value, is identified and localized.
  • the radar sensors expediently measure angles in two mutually perpendicular planes, for which purpose an antenna arrangement designed in this regard can be used, elevation data are also available from which the height of a feature, in particular an object, can be determined.
  • the features are checked with regard to their height and with regard to their extent against a traversability criterion, which can therefore have a height threshold value, for example.
  • traversability criteria can also be defined in order to identify an object as delimiting the driving corridor, for example by considering sub-criteria for the extent, whereby a minimum distance can also be provided, the reflection behavior can be analyzed and the like.
  • the feature should also be stationary in order to represent an actual, permanent driving corridor delimitation, so that, for example, other road users are left out as possible driving corridor delimitations in this case; these dynamic features, specifically objects, are reserved for the situation analyzes that follow.
  • At least one traversability criterion is parameterized as a function of a current speed of the motor vehicle and / or a speed of the motor vehicle that is calculated in advance for a point in time when it is reached. If the motor vehicle moves rather slowly, for example at a maneuvering speed, the driving corridor can therefore be extended on the basis of features which can be driven over without damage at these speeds and which delimit the driving corridor at higher speeds.
  • a more precise classification of at least one of the at least one feature can also be carried out in the context of the method according to the invention, whereby as features, for example, a peripheral building and / or at least one plant and / or at least one parked motor vehicle and / or a material transfer can be classified. These are also fundamentally useful features to be considered.
  • the invention provides that a lane delimitation of the lane currently being used by the motor vehicle and / or a feature indicating the position of the lane delimitation is identified and localized as a feature, a lane course being determined as the lane.
  • the surroundings of the motor vehicle can be resolved with sufficient accuracy to also resolve the delimitation of a roadway currently being driven on by the motor vehicle, with material transitions in particular also being able to be considered when they are against each other impacting materials have different reflection properties or a different reflection behavior.
  • a transition from the road surface to another subsurface is used as a lane boundary indicating and / or descriptive feature.
  • a curb and / or a guardrail can be used as further features. These are classic, direct road boundaries, although these examples can of course be supplemented, for example guide posts and / or guide beacons. It should be pointed out that, of course, other features, such as plants, in particular trees, and construction objects, provide information on a rough position of the road boundary, which can be used in particular if the immediate road boundary, for example as a transition from the road surface to another subsurface , is not detectable.
  • radar sensors in particular covering the entire surroundings of the motor vehicle in a 360 ° angular range.
  • eight radar sensors covering the entire surroundings of the motor vehicle in a 360 ° angle range can be used, for example three radar sensors, which are particularly compact in semiconductor technology, are installed in the front and rear bumpers of the motor vehicle, two lateral radar sensors in the Area of the doors, especially within the doors.
  • the radar sensors are expediently wide-angle radar sensors which allow angular resolution in two mutually perpendicular planes, and therefore have a correspondingly designed antenna arrangement in order to also be able to supply elevation angles and thus height information.
  • the invention uses recently developed, highly modern radar sensors that can scan the environment with high resolution.
  • the invention therefore provides that the at least one radar sensor used is a radar sensor that includes a semiconductor chip that realizes the radar transceiver, in particular a CMOS chip.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • an extremely cost-effective small radar sensor is possible, which can meet installation space requirements significantly better and, due to the short signal paths, also has a very low signal-to-noise ratio and for high frequencies and larger, variable frequency bandwidths is suitable. Therefore, such small-sized radar sensors can also be used for short-range applications, for example in the range from 30 cm to 10 m.
  • CMOS transceiver chip and / or a package with a CMOS transceiver chip and antenna on a common circuit board with a digital signal processor (DSP processor) or to incorporate the functions of the signal processor into the CMOS Integrate transceiver chip.
  • DSP processor digital signal processor
  • the semiconductor chip also implements a digital signal processing component of the radar sensor and / or a control unit of the radar sensor and / or the semiconductor chip and an antenna arrangement of the radar sensor form a package.
  • the radar sensor is in a frequency range from 77 to 81 GHz and / or with a frequency bandwidth greater than 2 GHz, in particular 4 GHz.
  • High frequency bandwidths significantly improve the separation of individual reflection centers so that, in particular at a frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz, a high spatial resolution results, which allows a particularly precise classification of features as describing the delimitation of the driving corridor.
  • the location information is preferably taken into account in the context of at least one situation analysis assigned to a function of a safety system and / or driver assistance system. This situation analysis is improved by the useful additional information.
  • Various types, possibly also combinable, are conceivable here, in which the location information can influence the situation analysis or the action criteria provided for the implementation of functions.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention provides that at least one threshold value provided in a criterion for information output and / or driving intervention is adapted as a function of the location information, in particular an orientation to delimit the driving corridor. If, for example, a relative orientation for the delimitation of the driving corridor has been determined, which indicates that it will soon be crossed, threshold values for the output of warning information and / or corrective driving interventions can be reduced.
  • an intersection of the boundary of the driving corridor by a future trajectory of the motor vehicle is assessed.
  • This can in particular be a pre-calculated trajectory, for example the extrapolated instantaneous movement of the motor vehicle.
  • points of intersection and intersection angle of the trajectory with the boundaries of the driving corridor can be considered, for example in order to determine a time until the cutting of the boundaries of the driving corridor (time-to-intersection), which represents important information in the context of the driving analysis.
  • the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle having a control device designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the control device can in particular be a control device of a so-called central driver assistance system, in which sensor data from the environment sensors and other sensors of the motor vehicle, in particular also the radar data, are received and processed for functions of individual vehicle systems. Such a control device can then expediently also determine the location information in order to make it available to the functions for improved analysis of the driving situation. All statements relating to the method according to the invention can be applied analogously to the motor vehicle according to the invention, with which the advantages already mentioned can therefore be obtained.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention.
  • it has eight radar sensors 2, which act as wide-angle radar sensors are designed and, as can be seen from the indicated detection areas 3, allow a 360 ° detection of the surroundings of the motor vehicle 1.
  • the radar sensors 2 based on CMOS technology are extremely compact, for example smaller than 3 cm by 3 cm, so that they can be installed in the front or rear bumpers 4, 5 of the motor vehicle 1 and they can also be installed in side doors 6 is when, for example, a radar-permeable window is provided in the sheet metal.
  • the radar data from the radar sensors 2 are evaluated in a control unit 7, which is also designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the radar sensors 2 in more detail in the form of a schematic diagram.
  • a radar sensor 2 has a housing 8 in which a printed circuit board 9 is held, on which a semiconductor chip 10, here a CMOS chip, is arranged.
  • the semiconductor chip 10 is implemented together with an antenna arrangement 11 of the radar sensor 2 as a package 12, the antenna arrangement 11 being designed such that angles to a reflecting point can be detected in two mutually perpendicular planes.
  • the semiconductor chip 10 also realizes a digital signal processing component 14 (DSP) and a control unit 15 of the radar sensor 2.
  • DSP digital signal processing component
  • the radar sensors 2 are operated in a frequency range from 77 to 81 GHz with a frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz in order to be able to deliver high-resolution radar data describing the surroundings of the motor vehicle 1.
  • these radar data are now evaluated in order, on the one hand, to determine the course of a driving corridor, in particular the roadway, that can be traveled by the motor vehicle 1, and, on the other hand, to derive location information therefrom that shows the relative position of the motor vehicle 1 to this driving corridor and in particular its boundaries indicates.
  • Be there in particular features contained in the radar data are classified as descriptive or non-descriptive of the delimitation of the driver's corridor. Of course, a more precise classification is also conceivable.
  • FIGS Figures 3 and 4 Driving situations in which the motor vehicle is located.
  • Fig. 3 the motor vehicle 1 is currently traveling along a street with a lane 16.
  • the roadway 16 is delimited by a transition 17 between the road surface and other subsurface. Due to the highly precise radar data, it is possible, when evaluating the reflection behavior of the radar radiation, to identify this transition 17 at least in sections in the radar data and thus to localize it.
  • the solid sections of the transition 17 indicate identified and localized sections in the radar data, while the dashed parts were interpolated or extrapolated from the identified and localized parts or their course. This results in a complete image of the roadway as a driving corridor.
  • transition 17 instead of the transition 17, other features indicating the delimitation of the roadway can also be considered, for example curbs and the like.
  • Fig. 3 also shows the position and orientation of the motor vehicle 1 on the lane 16.
  • This location information is used in particular to improve the driving situation analysis in vehicle systems of the motor vehicle, a pre-calculated future trajectory 18 of the motor vehicle 1 also being shown for a more precise explanation.
  • the determined travel corridor does not necessarily have to correspond to the transition 17 or other delimitations of the lane 16, in particular if these actual lane delimitations cannot be detected with sufficient accuracy.
  • features that describe the delimitation of the driving corridor can also be used which the motor vehicle 1 cannot pass over or cannot pass over without damage. This is in view of Fig. 4 explained in more detail.
  • the motor vehicle 1 is on a lane 20, the delimitation of which can only be determined more precisely in the case of the curb 21 and the guardrail 22 as features in the radar data, while the transition 17 is not or not precisely identified and localized in the radar data can.
  • the driving corridor in the present example a tree 23 and a peripheral building object 24, specifically a bollard.
  • criteria that can be traversed to identify features delimiting the driving corridor can also be selected as a function of the speed of the motor vehicle 1.
  • additional information can also be used, which can be derived, for example, from sensor data from other environmental sensors, digital map material and / or data from other vehicle systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer eine Position und/oder eine Orientierung umfassenden Ortsinformation eines Kraftfahrzeugs bezüglich eines verfügbaren Fahrkorridors in Fahrtrichtung des Kraftfahrzeugs sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a method for determining location information of a motor vehicle, which includes a position and / or an orientation, with regard to an available travel corridor in the direction of travel of the motor vehicle, as well as a motor vehicle.

In modernen Kraftfahrzeugen realisieren immer mehr Fahrzeugsysteme, insbesondere Fahrassistenzsysteme, Funktionen, in denen eine Erfassung des Umfelds des eigenen Kraftfahrzeugs eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Es werden Umfeldsensoren genutzt, um Sensordaten über die Beschaffenheit des Umfelds des Kraftfahrzeugs zu sammeln und auszuwerten. Die Erfassung dynamischer und statischer, also unbewegter, Ziele im Umfeld des eigenen Kraftfahrzeugs spielt dabei eine besonders wichtige Rolle. Viele Funktionen, insbesondere in Sicherheitssystemen und/oder Fahrerassistenzsystemen, führen eine Fahrsituationsanalyse, also eine Bewertung der Verkehrssituation, durch, wobei Maßnahmenkriterien, die die (gegebenenfalls bereits vorausgewerteten) Sensordaten der Umfeldsensoren auswerten, für durchzuführende Maßnahmen vorgesehen sein können. Beispielsweise können Informationen, insbesondere Warninformationen, an einen Fahrer ausgegeben werden und/oder es können Fahreingriffe durchgeführt werden und/oder Betriebsparameter von Fahrzeugsystemen angepasst werden.In modern motor vehicles, more and more vehicle systems, in particular driver assistance systems, are implementing functions in which recording the surroundings of one's own motor vehicle plays an important role. Environment sensors are used to collect and evaluate sensor data on the nature of the environment of the motor vehicle. The detection of dynamic and static, i.e. unmoved, targets in the vicinity of one's own motor vehicle plays a particularly important role. Many functions, especially in safety systems and / or driver assistance systems, carry out a driving situation analysis, i.e. an assessment of the traffic situation, whereby action criteria that evaluate the (possibly already pre-evaluated) sensor data of the environment sensors can be provided for measures to be carried out. For example, information, in particular warning information, can be output to a driver and / or driving interventions can be carried out and / or operating parameters of vehicle systems can be adjusted.

Äußerst wichtig für die nutzerseitige Akzeptanz solcher Fahrzeugsysteme, insbesondere von Sicherheitssystemen und Fahrerassistenzsystemen, ist deren Verlässlichkeit. Das bedeutet, Falsch- oder Fehlwarnungen bzw. allgemein Falsch- oder Fehlmaßnahmen sollen auch in komplexen Verkehrssituationen vermieden werden. Verbesserungsbedarf besteht diesbezüglich insbesondere hinsichtlich der Positionierung des Kraftfahrzeugs hinsichtlich des verfügbaren Fahrkorridors, also des zum weiteren Befahren zur Verfügung stehenden Freiraums. Bekannt ist es in diesem Kontext, die Positionierung des Kraftfahrzeugs relativ zur Fahrbahn bzw. Straße anhand der GPS-Daten eines GPS-Sensors zu bestimmen, was jedoch nur äußerst ungenaue Informationen liefert. Die GPS-Daten liefern zudem keine genauere Information über die relative Orientierung des Kraftfahrzeugs zum Straßenrand bzw. allgemein der Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors. Derartiges ist jedoch, insbesondere auch in Kreuzungssituationen, eine für die Situationsanalyse wichtige Information. Kreuzungen werden zwar als Knotenpunkte in digitalem Kartenmaterial, beispielsweise eines Navigationssystems, auf einer Karte erkannt, jedoch reichen die GPS-Daten nicht aus, um eine genaue Positionierung und Orientierung des Kraftfahrzeugs an einer Kreuzung ermitteln zu können.Extremely important for the user-side acceptance of such vehicle systems, in particular of safety systems and driver assistance systems, is their reliability. This means that false or incorrect warnings or generally incorrect or incorrect measures should be avoided even in complex traffic situations. There is a need for improvement in this regard, in particular with regard to the positioning of the motor vehicle the available driving corridor, i.e. the free space available for further driving. It is known in this context to determine the positioning of the motor vehicle relative to the lane or road on the basis of the GPS data of a GPS sensor, but this only provides extremely imprecise information. In addition, the GPS data do not provide any more precise information about the relative orientation of the motor vehicle to the roadside or, in general, the delimitation of the driving corridor. However, such information is important information for the analysis of the situation, especially in intersection situations. Junctions are recognized as junctions in digital map material, for example a navigation system, on a map, but the GPS data are not sufficient to be able to determine the exact positioning and orientation of the motor vehicle at an intersection.

WO 03/093 914 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Kursprädiktion bei Kraftfahrzeugen. Dabei soll ein Ortungssystem für vor dem Fahrzeug befindliche Objekte verwendet werden, bei dem anhand gemessener Abstands- und Winkeldaten für Standziele am Fahrbahnrand eine Funktion berechnet wird, die den Verlauf des Fahrbahnrandes beschreibt, wobei vorgeschlagen wird, für verschiedene Teilmengen der Menge der verfolgten Standziele Fahrbahnrandverläufe abzuschätzen und gegeneinander zu plausibilisieren, um Störobjekte feststellen zu können. Dabei kann ein Radarsensor als Ortungssensor verwendet werden. WO 03/093 914 A1 relates to a method and a device for course prediction in motor vehicles. A positioning system is to be used for objects in front of the vehicle, in which a function is calculated based on measured distance and angle data for stationary targets on the edge of the road, which describes the course of the edge of the road, whereby it is proposed that road edge courses be used for different subsets of the set of stationary targets being tracked to assess and check plausibility against each other in order to be able to determine interfering objects. A radar sensor can be used as a location sensor.

US 2013/0 218 448 A1 betrifft eine Straßenform-Abschätzungsvorrichtung. Dort wird vorgeschlagen, bei einer Vielzahl von detektierten Punkten einen Startpunkt zu wählen, der vermutlich einen Bereich der Straße repräsentiert, basierend auf einer Positionsbeziehung zwischen dem Fahrzeug und jedem der Mehrzahl von detektierten Punkten. Auf diese Weise soll eine schnellere Abschätzung des Straßenverlaufs gegeben sein. Verwendet wird eine Radarvorrichtung am vorderen Ende des Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei zunächst detektiert wird, ob sich die detektierten Punkte auf ein stationäres Objekt beziehen. US 2013/0 218 448 A1 relates to a road shape estimating device. It is proposed there, given a plurality of detected points, to select a starting point which presumably represents an area of the road, based on a positional relationship between the vehicle and each of the plurality of detected points. In this way, a faster estimate of the course of the road should be given. A radar device is used at the front end of the motor vehicle, whereby it is first detected whether the detected points relate to a stationary object.

WO 2009/103 692 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Assistenzsystem zum Erfassen von Objekten im Umfeld eines Fahrzeugs. Anhand einer Bildauswertung von mittels eines Kamerasensors erfassten Bildern eines Umfelds des Fahrzeugs sollen relevante Objekte bestimmt werden, wobei es die dortige Idee ist, dass mittels eines Radarsensors Positionen von stehenden Objekten im Umfeld des Fahrzeugs ermittelt werden, dass anhand der Positionen der stehenden Objekte ein Verlauf eines Fahrbahnrands ermittelt wird, und dass die Bildauswertung in Abhängigkeit von dem ermittelten Fahrbahnrandverlauf vorgenommen wird. WO 2009/103 692 A1 relates to a method and an assistance system for detecting objects in the vicinity of a vehicle. Based on an image evaluation of images of the surroundings of the vehicle captured by means of a camera sensor, relevant objects are to be determined, the idea there being that positions of stationary objects in the surroundings of the vehicle are determined using a radar sensor that a course is based on the positions of the stationary objects of a road edge is determined, and that the image evaluation is carried out as a function of the determined course of the road edge.

DE 10 2007 024 391 A1 betrifft ein Kollisionswarngerät mit Leitplankenerkennung, wobei ein Steuergerät Daten des Ortungssystems auswertet und ein Warnsignal bei drohender Kollisionsgefahr ausgibt. Anhand des dynamischen Zustands des Fahrzeugs und anhand des erkannten Leitplankenverlaufs wird ein Parameter für die Querdynamik des Fahrzeugs berechnet, der zur Abwendung einer Kollision mit der Leitplanke erforderlich ist, und gegebenenfalls ein Warnsignal ausgegeben. Die Erkennung der Leitplanken kann mit einem Radarsensor erfolgen, wobei insbesondere das Erkennungsmodul so arbeitet, dass die Warnfunktion auch für Leitplankenabschnitte zur Verfügung steht, deren Radarecho unterhalb der Erkennungsschwelle für Objekte liegt. DE 10 2007 024 391 A1 relates to a collision warning device with guardrail detection, a control device evaluating data from the positioning system and issuing a warning signal if there is a risk of collision. On the basis of the dynamic state of the vehicle and on the basis of the recognized course of the guardrail, a parameter for the transverse dynamics of the vehicle is calculated, which is necessary to avoid a collision with the guardrail, and a warning signal is output if necessary. The guardrails can be detected with a radar sensor, the detection module in particular working in such a way that the warning function is also available for guardrail sections whose radar echo is below the detection threshold for objects.

EP 1 873 736 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren und ein System zur Unterstützung des Fahrers eines Kraftfahrzeugs bei der Erkennung von Bodenschwellen. Dabei geht es um eine wirkungsvolle Unterstützung des Fahrers bei der Erkennung von Bodenschwellen bzw. Speed-Humps. Ein erfasstes Hindernis wird mittels einer Auswertungseinheit daraufhin bewertet, ob es eine Bodenschwelle ist, wobei eine entsprechende Information an den Fahrer und/oder an Komponenten des Fahrzeugs nur dann ausgegeben wird, wenn ein erfasstes Objekt als Bodenschwelle erkannt worden ist, wobei zusätzlich aktuelle Geschwindigkeiten des Kraftfahrzeugs berücksichtigt werden können. EP 1 873 736 A1 relates to a method and a system for supporting the driver of a motor vehicle in recognizing road bumps. It is about an effective support of the driver in the detection of bumps or speed humps. A detected obstacle is evaluated by means of an evaluation unit to determine whether it is a threshold, with corresponding information being output to the driver and / or to components of the vehicle only if a detected object has been recognized as a threshold, with current speeds of the Motor vehicle can be taken into account.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur genaueren Bestimmung von Ortsinformationen eines Kraftfahrzeugs relativ zu einem Fahrkorridor, insbesondere den Begrenzungen der aktuell befahrenen Fahrbahn, anzugeben.The invention is therefore based on the object of a method for the more precise determination of location information of a motor vehicle relative to a Specify the driving corridor, in particular the boundaries of the currently traveled lane.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 vorgesehen.In order to achieve this object, the features of claim 1 are provided according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned at the beginning.

Es wird mithin vorgeschlagen, die relative Position und Orientierung des Kraftfahrzeugs zur Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors anhand von Radardaten eines Radarsensors zu erkennen. Dabei wird ausgenutzt, dass moderne Radarsensoren, die bevorzugt in Halbleiter-Technologie, insbesondere CMOS-Technologie, ausgebildet sein können, ein hochauflösendes Abbild des Umfelds des Kraftfahrzeugs liefern. Mit derartigen hochauflösenden Radarsensoren kann die Randbebauung bzw. allgemein der Fahrbahnverlauf sehr gut abgetastet werden, insbesondere, indem eine Umfeldkarte erzeugt wird, in der entsprechende Merkmale eingetragen sind, die Hinweise auf die Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors enthalten. Mit einer derart generierten Umfeldkarte kann die Ortsinformation, insbesondere die Orientierung des eigenen Kraftfahrzeugs zur Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors, ermittelt und Fahrzeugsystemen zur Bewertung zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Die Erfindung stellt also eine hochgenaue Ortsinformation zur Verfügung, die insbesondere bei der Situationsanalyse komplexer Verkehrsszenarien ein Beitrag zur Mehrleistung von Fahrzeugsystemen leistet.It is therefore proposed to identify the relative position and orientation of the motor vehicle for delimiting the driving corridor on the basis of radar data from a radar sensor. This makes use of the fact that modern radar sensors, which can preferably be designed in semiconductor technology, in particular CMOS technology, supply a high-resolution image of the surroundings of the motor vehicle. With such high-resolution radar sensors, the development on the edge or, in general, the course of the roadway can be scanned very well, in particular by generating a map of the surroundings in which the corresponding features are entered that contain information on the delimitation of the driving corridor. With a map of the surroundings generated in this way, the location information, in particular the orientation of one's own motor vehicle for delimiting the driving corridor, can be determined and made available to vehicle systems for evaluation. The invention therefore provides highly precise location information which, in particular, makes a contribution to the increased performance of vehicle systems in the situation analysis of complex traffic scenarios.

Es wird also ermöglicht, die Positionierung und Orientierung des eigenen Kraftfahrzeugs relativ zum Verlauf des Fahrkorridors, insbesondere zum Fahrbahnverlauf, zur besseren Interpretation der Verkehrssituation zu nutzen, um damit beispielsweise frühzeitig kritische Verkehrssituationen zu erkennen und rechtzeitig Maßnahmen einleiten zu können. Auf diese Weise wird ein Beitrag zur Reduzierung der Falsch- und Fehlauslösungsrate geliefert.It is therefore possible to use the positioning and orientation of one's own motor vehicle relative to the course of the driving corridor, in particular to the course of the road, for a better interpretation of the traffic situation, for example in order to recognize critical traffic situations at an early stage and to be able to initiate measures in good time. In this way, a contribution is made to reducing the false and false triggering rate.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass es in den Radardaten möglich ist, insbesondere bei hochauflösenden Radardaten, die mit auf Halbleiter-Technologie basierenden Radarsensoren aufgenommen wurden, Merkmale als den Verlauf des Fahrkorridors, insbesondere konkret der Fahrbahn, beschreibend zu klassifizieren, so dass nach deren Identifikation (und damit auch Lokalisierung) ein Verlauf des Fahrkorridors als Fahrkorridorinformation erhalten werden kann, wobei insbesondere vorgesehen sein kann, dass zur Ermittlung der Fahrkorridorinformation wenigstens eine Interpolation und/oder Extrapolation bezüglich der eine Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors anzeigenden Merkmale vorgenommen wird. Sind also beispielsweise in den Merkmalen statische, also unbewegte, Einzelobjekte enthalten, die etwas beabstandet Hinweise auf den Verlauf des Fahrkorridors geben, kann der Verlauf der Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors zwischen diesen Objekten durch Interpolation bestimmt werden, bzw. dann, wenn in einer Richtung kein weiteres Objekt vorliegt, auch extrapoliert werden. Geeignete Ansätze sind im Stand der Technik bekannt, wobei an dieser Stelle allgemein darauf hingewiesen sei, dass ein Fahrkorridor nicht zwangsläufig nur eine einzige Fahrmöglichkeit beschreiben muss, sondern, beispielsweise im Fall von Kreuzungen, auch Verzweigungen aufweisen kann.The invention is based on the knowledge that it is possible in the radar data, in particular in the case of high-resolution radar data recorded with radar sensors based on semiconductor technology, features as a descriptive classification of the course of the driving corridor, in particular the roadway, so that after its identification (and thus also localization) a course of the driving corridor can be obtained as driving corridor information, it being possible in particular to provide at least one interpolation to determine the driving corridor information and / or extrapolation is carried out with regard to the features indicating a limitation of the driving corridor. If, for example, the features contain static, i.e. unmoved, individual objects that give some indication of the course of the driving corridor at a distance, the course of the delimitation of the driving corridor between these objects can be determined by interpolation, or if there is no further in one direction Object can also be extrapolated. Appropriate approaches are known in the prior art, whereby it should be noted at this point that a travel corridor does not necessarily have to describe only a single travel option, but can also have branches, for example in the case of intersections.

Gerade im Hinblick auf die Beurteilung solcher Verzweigungssituationen kann es auch zweckmäßig sein, wenigstens eine aus Sensordaten anderer Sensoren ermittelte und/oder von einem anderen Fahrzeugsystem, insbesondere einem Navigationssystem, zur Verfügung gestellte Zusatzinformationen bei der Ermittlung der Fahrkorridorinformation zu berücksichtigen. Liegt beispielsweise digitales Kartenmaterial vor, das eine Kreuzung an den aktuellen, durch einen GPS-Sensor bestimmten Fahrzeugkoordinaten anzeigt, ist mit Verzweigungen zu rechnen. Doch auch die Sensordaten anderer Sensoren, beispielsweise optischer Umgebungssensoren wie Kameras, können selbstverständlich berücksichtigt werden, wenn es um die Identifikation und Lokalisierung von die Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors beschreibenden Merkmalen und/oder die Ableitung der Fahrkorridorinformation aus diesen geht.Particularly with regard to the assessment of such branching situations, it can also be useful to take into account at least one additional information item determined from sensor data from other sensors and / or provided by another vehicle system, in particular a navigation system, when determining the travel corridor information. If, for example, there is digital map material that shows an intersection at the current vehicle coordinates determined by a GPS sensor, branching is to be expected. However, the sensor data of other sensors, for example optical environmental sensors such as cameras, can of course also be taken into account when it comes to the identification and localization of features describing the delimitation of the driving corridor and / or deriving the driving corridor information from them.

Nichtsdestotrotz ist es auch möglich, ausschließlich aus Radardaten des wenigstens einen Radarsensors eine Fahrkorridorinformation und hieraus die Ortsinformation zu bestimmen, insbesondere dann, wenn tatsächlich in Form von Merkmalen eine Fahrbahnbegrenzung detektiert wird, worauf im Folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden wird.Nonetheless, it is also possible to determine travel corridor information from radar data from the at least one radar sensor and the location information therefrom, in particular if it is actually in the form a lane boundary is detected by features, which will be discussed in more detail below.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass als Merkmal wenigstens ein aufgrund seiner Höhe und/oder Beschaffenheit durch das Kraftfahrzeug nicht überfahrbares und/oder nicht mit einer einen Schwellwert unterschreitenden Beschädigungswahrscheinlichkeit überfahrbares Merkmal, insbesondere Objekt, identifiziert und lokalisiert wird. Nachdem die Radarsensoren zweckmä-ßigerweise Winkel in zwei zueinander senkrechten Ebenen vermessen, wozu eine diesbezüglich ausgestaltete Antennenanordnung verwendet werden kann, liegen auch Elevationsdaten vor, aus denen die Höhe eines Merkmals, insbesondere Objekts, bestimmt werden kann. Insbesondere werden die Merkmale hinsichtlich ihrer Höhe und hinsichtlich ihrer Ausdehnung gegen ein Überfahrbarkeitskriterium überprüft, welches mithin beispielsweise einen Höhenschwellwert aufweisen kann. Selbstverständlich können jedoch auch genauere Überfahrbarkeitskriterien definiert werden, um ein Objekt als den Fahrkorridor begrenzend zu identifizieren, beispielsweise, indem Subkriterien für die Ausdehnung betrachtet werden, wobei zusätzlich ein Mindestabstand vorgesehen werden kann, das Reflektionsverhalten analysiert werden kann und dergleichen. Selbstverständlich sollte das Merkmal zusätzlich unbewegt sein, um eine tatsächliche, bleibende Fahrkorridorbegrenzung darzustellen, so dass beispielsweise andere Verkehrsteilnehmer als mögliche Fahrkorridorbegrenzungen für diesen Fall außen vor bleiben; diese dynamischen Merkmale, konkret Objekte, sind den Situationsanalysen, die folgen, vorbehalten.A further development of the invention provides that as a feature at least one feature, in particular an object, that cannot be driven over by the motor vehicle and / or cannot be driven over with a damage probability below a threshold value, is identified and localized. After the radar sensors expediently measure angles in two mutually perpendicular planes, for which purpose an antenna arrangement designed in this regard can be used, elevation data are also available from which the height of a feature, in particular an object, can be determined. In particular, the features are checked with regard to their height and with regard to their extent against a traversability criterion, which can therefore have a height threshold value, for example. Of course, however, more precise traversability criteria can also be defined in order to identify an object as delimiting the driving corridor, for example by considering sub-criteria for the extent, whereby a minimum distance can also be provided, the reflection behavior can be analyzed and the like. Of course, the feature should also be stationary in order to represent an actual, permanent driving corridor delimitation, so that, for example, other road users are left out as possible driving corridor delimitations in this case; these dynamic features, specifically objects, are reserved for the situation analyzes that follow.

In diesem Zusammenhang kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn wenigstens ein Überfahrbarkeitskriterium in Abhängigkeit einer aktuellen und/oder für einen Erreichenszeitpunkt vorausberechneten Geschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs parametriert wird. Bewegt sich das Kraftfahrzeug eher langsam, beispielsweise in einer Rangiergeschwindigkeit, kann mithin der Fahrkorridor anhand bei diesen Geschwindigkeiten beschädigungsfrei überfahrbarer Merkmale erweitert werden, die bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten den Fahrkorridor eingrenzen.In this context, it can be expedient if at least one traversability criterion is parameterized as a function of a current speed of the motor vehicle and / or a speed of the motor vehicle that is calculated in advance for a point in time when it is reached. If the motor vehicle moves rather slowly, for example at a maneuvering speed, the driving corridor can therefore be extended on the basis of features which can be driven over without damage at these speeds and which delimit the driving corridor at higher speeds.

Nachdem letztlich die Identifikation eines Merkmals als eine Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors beschreibend bereits eine Klassifizierung darstellt, kann im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auch eine genauere Klassifizierung wenigstens eines des wenigstens einen Merkmals vorgenommen werden, wobei als Merkmale beispielsweise eine Randbebauung und/oder wenigstens eine Pflanze und/oder wenigstens ein geparktes Kraftfahrzeug und/oder ein Materialübergang klassifiziert werden können. Dies sind auch grundsätzlich zweckmäßig zu betrachtende Merkmale.Since finally the identification of a feature as a delimitation of the driving corridor already represents a classification, a more precise classification of at least one of the at least one feature can also be carried out in the context of the method according to the invention, whereby as features, for example, a peripheral building and / or at least one plant and / or at least one parked motor vehicle and / or a material transfer can be classified. These are also fundamentally useful features to be considered.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass als Merkmal eine Fahrbahnbegrenzung der durch das Kraftfahrzeug aktuell befahrenen Fahrbahn und/oder ein die Lage der Fahrbahnbegrenzung anzeigendes Merkmal identifiziert und lokalisiert wird, wobei als Fahrkorridor ein Fahrbahnverlauf ermittelt wird. Gerade unter Verwendung der noch näher zu diskutierenden, auf Halbleiter-Technologien basierenden modernden Radarsensoren kann das Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs hinreichend genau aufgelöst werden, um auch die Begrenzung einer aktuell von dem Kraftfahrzeug befahrenen Fahrbahn aufzulösen, wobei insbesondere auch Materialübergänge betrachtet werden können, wenn die aneinander stoßenden Materialen unterschiedliche Reflektionseigenschaften bzw. ein unterschiedliches Reflektionsverhalten aufweisen. Konkret ist vorgesehen, dass als eine Fahrbahnbegrenzung anzeigendes und/oder beschreibendes Merkmal ein Übergang von dem Fahrbahnbelag zu einem anderen Untergrund verwendet wird. Als weitere Merkmale können ein Bordstein und/oder eine Leitplanke verwendet werden. Hierbei handelt es sich um klassische, unmittelbare Fahrbahnbegrenzungen, wobei diese Beispiele selbstverständlich ergänzt werden können, beispielsweise um Leitpfosten und/oder Leitbaken. Dabei sei darauf hingewiesen, dass selbstverständlich auch weitere Merkmale, beispielsweise Pflanzen, insbesondere Bäume, und Bauobjekte Hinweise auf eine grobe Lage der Fahrbahnbegrenzung bieten, die insbesondere dann herangezogen werden können, falls die unmittelbare Fahrbahnbegrenzung, beispielsweise als Übergang von dem Fahrbahnbelag zu einem anderen Untergrund, nicht detektierbar ist.The invention provides that a lane delimitation of the lane currently being used by the motor vehicle and / or a feature indicating the position of the lane delimitation is identified and localized as a feature, a lane course being determined as the lane. Precisely by using the modern radar sensors based on semiconductor technologies, which will be discussed in more detail, the surroundings of the motor vehicle can be resolved with sufficient accuracy to also resolve the delimitation of a roadway currently being driven on by the motor vehicle, with material transitions in particular also being able to be considered when they are against each other impacting materials have different reflection properties or a different reflection behavior. Specifically, it is provided that a transition from the road surface to another subsurface is used as a lane boundary indicating and / or descriptive feature. A curb and / or a guardrail can be used as further features. These are classic, direct road boundaries, although these examples can of course be supplemented, for example guide posts and / or guide beacons. It should be pointed out that, of course, other features, such as plants, in particular trees, and construction objects, provide information on a rough position of the road boundary, which can be used in particular if the immediate road boundary, for example as a transition from the road surface to another subsurface , is not detectable.

In besonders zweckmäßiger Weiterbildung kann vorgesehen sein, dass mehrere, insbesondere das gesamte Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs in einem 360°-Winkelbereich abdeckende Radarsensoren verwendet werden. Je größer der Anteil des Umfelds des Kraftfahrzeugs ist, der abgedeckt wird, desto mehr grundlegende Informationen stehen zur Verfügung, also in Form von Merkmalen, aus denen die Fahrkorridorinformation abgeleitet werden kann. In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung können beispielsweise acht das gesamte Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs in einem 360°-Winkelbereich abdeckende Radarsensoren verwendet werden, wobei beispielsweise jeweils drei insbesondere kleinbauend in Halbleiter-Technologie realisierte Radarsensoren in den vorderen und hinteren Stoßstangen des Kraftfahrzeugs verbaut sind, zwei seitliche Radarsensoren im Bereich der Türen, insbesondere innerhalb der Türen.In a particularly expedient development, it can be provided that several radar sensors, in particular covering the entire surroundings of the motor vehicle in a 360 ° angular range, are used. The greater the proportion of the surroundings of the motor vehicle that is covered, the more basic information is available, that is to say in the form of features from which the driving corridor information can be derived. In a specific embodiment, for example, eight radar sensors covering the entire surroundings of the motor vehicle in a 360 ° angle range can be used, for example three radar sensors, which are particularly compact in semiconductor technology, are installed in the front and rear bumpers of the motor vehicle, two lateral radar sensors in the Area of the doors, especially within the doors.

Zweckmäßigerweise handelt es sich bei den Radarsensoren um Weitwinkel-Radarsensoren, die eine Winkelauflösung in zwei zueinander senkrechten Ebenen erlauben, mithin eine entsprechend ausgebildete Antennenanordnung aufweisen, um auch Elevationswinkel und somit Höheninformationen liefern zu können.The radar sensors are expediently wide-angle radar sensors which allow angular resolution in two mutually perpendicular planes, and therefore have a correspondingly designed antenna arrangement in order to also be able to supply elevation angles and thus height information.

Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, nutzt die Erfindung in neuerer Zeit entwickelte, hoch moderne Radarsensoren, die die Umgebung hochaufgelöst abtasten können. Die Erfindung sieht mithin vor, dass als der wenigstens eine Radarsensor ein einen den Radartransceiver realisierenden Halbleiterchip, insbesondere CMOS-Chip, umfassender Radarsensor verwendet wird.As already mentioned, the invention uses recently developed, highly modern radar sensors that can scan the environment with high resolution. The invention therefore provides that the at least one radar sensor used is a radar sensor that includes a semiconductor chip that realizes the radar transceiver, in particular a CMOS chip.

Die Realisierung von Radarkomponenten auf Halbleiterbasis erwies sich lange Zeit als schwierig, da teure Spezialhalbleiter, insbesondere GaAs, benötigt wurden. Es wurden kleinere Radarsensoren vorgeschlagen, deren gesamtes Radar-Frontend auf einem einzigen Chip in SiGe-Technologie realisiert ist, ehe auch Lösungen in der CMOS-Technologie bekannt wurden. Solche Lösungen sind Ergebnis der Erweiterung der CMOS-Technologie auf Hochfrequenzanwendungen, was oft auch als RF-CMOS bezeichnet wird. Ein solcher CMOS-Radarchip ist äußerst kleinbauend realisiert und nutzt keine teuren Spezialhalbleiter, bietet also vor allem in der Herstellung deutliche Vorteile gegenüber anderen Halbleitertechnologien. Eine beispielhafte Realisierung eines 77 GHz-Radar-Transceivers als ein CMOS-Chip ist in dem Artikel von Jri Lee et al., "A Fully Integrated 77-GHz FMCW Radar Transceiver in 65-nm CMOS Technology", IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits 45 (2010), S. 2746-2755 , beschrieben.The realization of radar components based on semiconductors has proven difficult for a long time, since expensive special semiconductors, in particular GaAs, were required. Smaller radar sensors were proposed, the entire radar front end of which is implemented on a single chip in SiGe technology, before solutions in CMOS technology were also known. Such solutions are the result of the expansion of CMOS technology to high frequency applications, which is often referred to as RF-CMOS. Such a CMOS radar chip is implemented in an extremely compact manner and does not use any expensive special semiconductors, so it offers significant advantages, especially in terms of manufacture Advantages over other semiconductor technologies. An exemplary implementation of a 77 GHz radar transceiver as a CMOS chip is in the article by Jri Lee et al., "A Fully Integrated 77-GHz FMCW Radar Transceiver in 65-nm CMOS Technology," IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits 45 (2010), pp. 2746-2755 described.

Nachdem zudem vorgeschlagen wurde, den Chip und die Antenne in einem gemeinsamen Package zu realisieren, ist ein äußerst kostengünstiger kleiner Radarsensor möglich, der Bauraumanforderungen deutlich besser erfüllen kann und aufgrund der kurzen Signalwege auch ein sehr niedriges Signal-Zu-Rausch-Verhältnis aufweist sowie für hohe Frequenzen und größere, variable Frequenzbandbreiten geeignet ist. Daher lassen sich derartige, kleinbauende Radarsensoren auch für Kurzreichweiten-Anwendungen, beispielsweise im Bereich von 30 cm bis 10 m, einsetzen.After it was also proposed to implement the chip and the antenna in a common package, an extremely cost-effective small radar sensor is possible, which can meet installation space requirements significantly better and, due to the short signal paths, also has a very low signal-to-noise ratio and for high frequencies and larger, variable frequency bandwidths is suitable. Therefore, such small-sized radar sensors can also be used for short-range applications, for example in the range from 30 cm to 10 m.

Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, einen solchen CMOS-Transceiver-Chip und/oder ein Package mit CMOS-Transceiver-Chip und Antenne auf einer gemeinsamen Leiterplatte mit einem digitalen Signalverarbeitungsprozessor (DSP-Prozessor) vorzusehen oder die Funktionen des Signalverarbeitungsprozessors ebenso in den CMOS-Transceiver-Chip zu integrieren. Eine ähnliche Integration ist für Steuerungsfunktionen möglich.It has also already been proposed to provide such a CMOS transceiver chip and / or a package with a CMOS transceiver chip and antenna on a common circuit board with a digital signal processor (DSP processor) or to incorporate the functions of the signal processor into the CMOS Integrate transceiver chip. A similar integration is possible for control functions.

Mithin ist es auch im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung besonders zweckmäßig, wenn durch den Halbleiterchip auch eine digitale Signalverarbeitungskomponente des Radarsensors und/oder eine Steuereinheit des Radarsensors realisiert ist und/oder der Halbleiterchip und eine Antennenanordnung des Radarsensors ein Package bilden.It is therefore also particularly expedient within the scope of the present invention if the semiconductor chip also implements a digital signal processing component of the radar sensor and / or a control unit of the radar sensor and / or the semiconductor chip and an antenna arrangement of the radar sensor form a package.

Gerade bei Verwendung solcher auf Halbleiter-Technologie basierender Radarsensoren erschließen sich auch neue Betriebsarten, die die hochauflösende Natur der Radardaten, die von dem wenigstens einen Radarsensor erhalten werden, unterstützen. So sieht eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung vor, dass der Radarsensor in einem Frequenzbereich von 77 bis 81 GHz und/oder mit einer Frequenzbandbreite größer als 2 GHz, insbesondere von 4 GHz, betrieben wird. Hohe Frequenzbandbreiten verbessern die Trennung einzelner Reflektionszentren deutlich, so dass sich insbesondere bei einer Frequenzbandbreite von 4 GHz eine hohe Ortsauflösung ergibt, die eine besonders genaue Klassifizierung von Merkmalen als die Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors beschreibend erlaubt.Particularly when such radar sensors based on semiconductor technology are used, new operating modes open up that support the high-resolution nature of the radar data obtained from the at least one radar sensor. An expedient embodiment of the present invention provides that the radar sensor is in a frequency range from 77 to 81 GHz and / or with a frequency bandwidth greater than 2 GHz, in particular 4 GHz. High frequency bandwidths significantly improve the separation of individual reflection centers so that, in particular at a frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz, a high spatial resolution results, which allows a particularly precise classification of features as describing the delimitation of the driving corridor.

Wie bereits erwähnt, wird die Ortsinformation bevorzugt im Rahmen wenigstens einer einer Funktion eines Sicherheitssystems und/oder Fahrerassistenzsystems zugeordneten Situationsanalyse berücksichtigt. Diese Situationsanalyse wird durch die nützliche Zusatzinformation verbessert. Dabei sind verschiedene, gegebenenfalls auch kombinierbare Arten denkbar, auf die die Ortsinformation Einfluss auf die Situationsanalyse bzw. zur Realisierung von Funktionen vorgesehene Maßnahmenkriterien haben kann.As already mentioned, the location information is preferably taken into account in the context of at least one situation analysis assigned to a function of a safety system and / or driver assistance system. This situation analysis is improved by the useful additional information. Various types, possibly also combinable, are conceivable here, in which the location information can influence the situation analysis or the action criteria provided for the implementation of functions.

So sieht eine konkrete Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung vor, dass wenigstens ein in einem Kriterium für eine Informationsausgabe und/oder einen Fahreingriff vorgesehener Schwellwert in Abhängigkeit der Ortsinformation, insbesondere einer Orientierung zu einer Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors, angepasst wird. Ist beispielsweise eine relative Orientierung zur Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors festgestellt worden, die ein baldiges Überfahren desselben andeutet, können Schwellwerte für die Ausgabe von Warninformationen und/oder korrigierende Fahreingriffe herabgesetzt werden.A specific embodiment of the present invention provides that at least one threshold value provided in a criterion for information output and / or driving intervention is adapted as a function of the location information, in particular an orientation to delimit the driving corridor. If, for example, a relative orientation for the delimitation of the driving corridor has been determined, which indicates that it will soon be crossed, threshold values for the output of warning information and / or corrective driving interventions can be reduced.

Denkbar ist es in konkreter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens zudem, dass im Rahmen der Situationsanalyse ein Schneiden der Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors durch eine zukünftige Trajektorie des Kraftfahrzeugs bewertet wird. Dabei kann es sich insbesondere um eine vorausberechnete Trajektorie, beispielsweise die extrapolierte Momentanbewegung des Kraftfahrzeugs, handeln. Beispielsweise können Schnittpunkte und Schnittwinkel der Trajektorie mit den Begrenzungen des Fahrkorridors betrachtet werden, beispielsweise, um eine Zeit bis zum Schneiden der Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors (Time-to-Intersection) zu bestimmen, welche eine wichtige Information im Rahmen der Fahranalyse darstellt.In a specific embodiment of the method, it is also conceivable that, in the context of the situation analysis, an intersection of the boundary of the driving corridor by a future trajectory of the motor vehicle is assessed. This can in particular be a pre-calculated trajectory, for example the extrapolated instantaneous movement of the motor vehicle. For example, points of intersection and intersection angle of the trajectory with the boundaries of the driving corridor can be considered, for example in order to determine a time until the cutting of the boundaries of the driving corridor (time-to-intersection), which represents important information in the context of the driving analysis.

Neben den hier genannten Beispielen zur Nutzung der Ortsinformation zur Verbesserung der Situationsanalyse in Fahrzeugsystemen sind selbstverständlich auch andere Möglichkeiten denkbar.In addition to the examples mentioned here for using the location information to improve the situation analysis in vehicle systems, other options are of course also conceivable.

Neben dem Verfahren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung auch ein Kraftfahrzeug, aufweisend ein zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgebildetes Steuergerät. Dabei kann es sich bei dem Steuergerät insbesondere um ein Steuergerät eines sogenannten zentralen Fahrerassistenzsystems handeln, in dem Sensordaten der Umfeldsensoren und sonstigen Sensoren des Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere also auch die Radardaten, entgegengenommen und für Funktionen einzelner Fahrzeugsysteme aufbereitet werden. Ein derartiges Steuergerät kann dann zweckmäßig auch die Ermittlung der Ortsinformation vornehmen, um diese den Funktionen zur verbesserten Fahrsituationsanalyse zur Verfügung zu stellen. Sämtliche Ausführungen bezüglich des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lassen sich analog auf das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug übertragen, mit welchem mithin die bereits genannten Vorteile erhalten werden können.In addition to the method, the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle having a control device designed to carry out the method according to the invention. The control device can in particular be a control device of a so-called central driver assistance system, in which sensor data from the environment sensors and other sensors of the motor vehicle, in particular also the radar data, are received and processed for functions of individual vehicle systems. Such a control device can then expediently also determine the location information in order to make it available to the functions for improved analysis of the driving situation. All statements relating to the method according to the invention can be applied analogously to the motor vehicle according to the invention, with which the advantages already mentioned can therefore be obtained.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäßes Kraftfahrzeug,
Fig. 2
einen in dem Kraftfahrzeug verwendeten Radarsensor,
Fig. 3
eine erste Verkehrssituation zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, und
Fig. 4
eine zweite Verkehrssituation zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Further advantages and details of the present invention emerge from the exemplary embodiments described below and on the basis of the drawings. Show:
Fig. 1
a motor vehicle according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a radar sensor used in the motor vehicle,
Fig. 3
a first traffic situation to explain the method according to the invention, and
Fig. 4
a second traffic situation to explain the method according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs 1. Dieses weist vorliegend acht Radarsensoren 2 auf, die als Weitwinkel-Radarsensoren ausgebildet sind und, wie anhand der angedeuteten Erfassungsbereiche 3 ersichtlich ist, eine 360°-Erfassung des Umfelds des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 erlauben. Dabei sind die Radarsensoren 2 basierend auf CMOS-Technologie äußerst kleinbauend realisiert, beispielsweise kleiner als 3 cm mal 3 cm, so dass sie im vorderen bzw. hinteren Stoßfänger 4, 5 des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 verbaut werden können und auch ein Verbau in seitlichen Türen 6 möglich ist, wenn beispielsweise ein radardurchlässiges Fenster im Blech vorgesehen wird. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention. In the present case, it has eight radar sensors 2, which act as wide-angle radar sensors are designed and, as can be seen from the indicated detection areas 3, allow a 360 ° detection of the surroundings of the motor vehicle 1. The radar sensors 2 based on CMOS technology are extremely compact, for example smaller than 3 cm by 3 cm, so that they can be installed in the front or rear bumpers 4, 5 of the motor vehicle 1 and they can also be installed in side doors 6 is when, for example, a radar-permeable window is provided in the sheet metal.

Die Radardaten der Radarsensoren 2 werden in einem Steuergerät 7 ausgewertet, welches auch zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgebildet ist.The radar data from the radar sensors 2 are evaluated in a control unit 7, which is also designed to carry out the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2 zeigt in Form einer Prinzipskizze den Aufbau der Radarsensoren 2 genauer. Ein Radarsensor 2 weist ein Gehäuse 8 auf, in dem eine Leiterplatte 9 gehaltert ist, auf der ein Halbleiterchip 10, hier ein CMOS-Chip, angeordnet ist. Der Halbleiterchip 10 ist gemeinsam mit einer Antennenanordnung 11 des Radarsensors 2 als ein Package 12 realisiert, wobei die Antennenanordnung 11 so ausgestaltet ist, dass Winkel zu einem reflektierenden Punkt in zwei zueinander senkrechten Ebenen erfasst werden können. Fig. 2 shows the structure of the radar sensors 2 in more detail in the form of a schematic diagram. A radar sensor 2 has a housing 8 in which a printed circuit board 9 is held, on which a semiconductor chip 10, here a CMOS chip, is arranged. The semiconductor chip 10 is implemented together with an antenna arrangement 11 of the radar sensor 2 as a package 12, the antenna arrangement 11 being designed such that angles to a reflecting point can be detected in two mutually perpendicular planes.

Durch den Halbleiterchip 10 werden vorliegend neben dem Radartransceiver 13 auch eine digitale Signalverarbeitungskomponente 14 (DSP) und eine Steuereinheit 15 des Radarsensors 2 realisiert.In addition to the radar transceiver 13, the semiconductor chip 10 also realizes a digital signal processing component 14 (DSP) and a control unit 15 of the radar sensor 2.

Die Radarsensoren 2 werden in einem Frequenzbereich von 77 bis 81 GHz bei einer Frequenzbandbreite von 4 GHz betrieben, um hochauflösend das Umfeld des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 beschreibende Radardaten liefern zu können.The radar sensors 2 are operated in a frequency range from 77 to 81 GHz with a frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz in order to be able to deliver high-resolution radar data describing the surroundings of the motor vehicle 1.

Im Steuergerät 7 werden diese Radardaten nun ausgewertet, um zum einen den Verlauf eines durch das Kraftfahrzeug 1 befahrbaren Fahrkorridors, insbesondere der Fahrbahn, zu bestimmen, zum anderen hieraus eine Ortsinformation abzuleiten, die die relative Position des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 zu diesem Fahrkorridor und insbesondere seinen Begrenzungen angibt. Dabei werden insbesondere in den Radardaten enthaltene Merkmale als die Begrenzung des Fahrerkorridors beschreibend bzw. nicht beschreibend klassifiziert. Selbstverständlich ist auch eine genauere Klassifizierung denkbar. Zur konkreten Erläuterung von Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigen die Fig. 3 und 4 Fahrsituationen, in denen sich das Kraftfahrzeug befindet.In the control unit 7, these radar data are now evaluated in order, on the one hand, to determine the course of a driving corridor, in particular the roadway, that can be traveled by the motor vehicle 1, and, on the other hand, to derive location information therefrom that shows the relative position of the motor vehicle 1 to this driving corridor and in particular its boundaries indicates. Be there in particular features contained in the radar data are classified as descriptive or non-descriptive of the delimitation of the driver's corridor. Of course, a more precise classification is also conceivable. For a concrete explanation of embodiments of the method according to the invention, FIGS Figures 3 and 4 Driving situations in which the motor vehicle is located.

In Fig. 3 fährt das Kraftfahrzeug 1 gerade eine Straße mit einer Fahrbahn 16 entlang. Die Fahrbahn 16 ist durch einen Übergang 17 zwischen dem Fahrbahnbelag und anderem Untergrund begrenzt. Aufgrund der hochgenauen Radardaten ist es möglich, bei Auswertung des Reflektionsverhaltens der Radarstrahlung, diesen Übergang 17 zumindest abschnittsweise in den Radardaten zu identifizieren und somit zu lokalisieren. Die durchgezogenen Abschnitte des Übergangs 17 deuten dabei in den Radardaten identifizierte und lokalisierte Abschnitte an, während die gestrichelten Teile aus den identifizierten und lokalisierten Teilen bzw. deren Verlauf interpoliert bzw. extrapoliert wurden. Somit ergibt sich ein vollständiges Abbild der Fahrbahn als Fahrkorridor. Selbstverständlich können statt des Übergangs 17 auch andere die Begrenzung der Fahrbahn anzeigende Merkmale betrachtet werden, beispielsweise Bordsteine und dergleichen.In Fig. 3 the motor vehicle 1 is currently traveling along a street with a lane 16. The roadway 16 is delimited by a transition 17 between the road surface and other subsurface. Due to the highly precise radar data, it is possible, when evaluating the reflection behavior of the radar radiation, to identify this transition 17 at least in sections in the radar data and thus to localize it. The solid sections of the transition 17 indicate identified and localized sections in the radar data, while the dashed parts were interpolated or extrapolated from the identified and localized parts or their course. This results in a complete image of the roadway as a driving corridor. Of course, instead of the transition 17, other features indicating the delimitation of the roadway can also be considered, for example curbs and the like.

Fig. 3 zeigt auch die Position und Orientierung des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 auf der Fahrbahn 16. Diese Ortsinformation wird insbesondere genutzt, um die Fahrsituationsanalyse in Fahrzeugsystemen des Kraftfahrzeugs zu verbessern, wobei zur genaueren Erläuterung auch eine vorausberechnete zukünftige Trajektorie 18 des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 eingezeichnet ist. Diese schneidet die Begrenzung der Fahrbahn 16, also den Übergang 17, an einem Schnittpunkt 19 in einem größeren Abstand mit einem gewissen Schnittwinkel. Hieraus lässt sich beispielsweise eine Zeit bis zum Schneiden der Fahrbahnbegrenzung ermitteln, die in der Fahrsituationsanalyse eine nützliche Information darstellt, genau wie der Schnittwinkel, insbesondere, was die Ausgabe von Warnungen und/oder das Durchführen von Warneingriffen angeht. Auf diese Weise kann die Ortsinformation auch Einfluss auf Schwellwerte in entsprechenden Maßnahmenkriterien haben. Fig. 3 also shows the position and orientation of the motor vehicle 1 on the lane 16. This location information is used in particular to improve the driving situation analysis in vehicle systems of the motor vehicle, a pre-calculated future trajectory 18 of the motor vehicle 1 also being shown for a more precise explanation. This intersects the boundary of the roadway 16, that is to say the transition 17, at an intersection point 19 at a greater distance with a certain intersection angle. From this it is possible, for example, to determine a time up to the intersection of the lane boundary, which represents useful information in the driving situation analysis, just like the intersection angle, in particular with regard to the output of warnings and / or the implementation of warning interventions. In this way, the location information can also have an influence on threshold values in corresponding measure criteria.

Der bestimmte Fahrkorridor muss nicht zwangsläufig dem Übergang 17 oder sonstigen Begrenzungen der Fahrspur 16 entsprechen, insbesondere dann, wenn diese tatsächlichen Fahrbahnbegrenzungen nicht hinreichend genau detektiert werden können. In solchen Fällen optional oder in einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können als Merkmale, die die Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors beschreiben, auch solche herangezogen werden, die durch das Kraftfahrzeug 1 nicht bzw. nicht beschädigungsfrei überfahrbar sind. Dies sei im Hinblick auf Fig. 4 näher erläutert.The determined travel corridor does not necessarily have to correspond to the transition 17 or other delimitations of the lane 16, in particular if these actual lane delimitations cannot be detected with sufficient accuracy. In such cases, optionally or in another exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, features that describe the delimitation of the driving corridor can also be used which the motor vehicle 1 cannot pass over or cannot pass over without damage. This is in view of Fig. 4 explained in more detail.

Auch dort befindet sich das Kraftfahrzeug 1 auf einer Fahrbahn 20, deren Begrenzung nur im Fall des Bordsteins 21 und der Leitplanke 22 als Merkmale in den Radardaten genauer bestimmt werden kann, während der Übergang 17 vorliegend nicht oder nicht genau in den Radardaten identifiziert und lokalisiert werden kann. Jedoch existieren auch weitere Merkmale in der Umgebung des Kraftfahrzeugs 1, die nicht durch dieses überfahren werden können und mithin einen Hinweis auf die Begrenzung des Fahrkorridors geben, vorliegend beispielhaft ein Baum 23 und ein Randbebauungsobjekt 24, konkret ein Poller. Diese Merkmale, die anhand eines entsprechenden Überfahrbarkeitskriteriums identifiziert werden können, schränken den Fahrkorridor ebenso ein, auch wenn dieser dann nicht unmittelbar dem exakten Verlauf der Fahrbahn 20 entsprechen muss.There, too, the motor vehicle 1 is on a lane 20, the delimitation of which can only be determined more precisely in the case of the curb 21 and the guardrail 22 as features in the radar data, while the transition 17 is not or not precisely identified and localized in the radar data can. However, there are also other features in the vicinity of the motor vehicle 1 that cannot be driven over by the motor vehicle 1 and therefore provide an indication of the limitation of the driving corridor, in the present example a tree 23 and a peripheral building object 24, specifically a bollard. These features, which can be identified on the basis of a corresponding traversability criterion, likewise restrict the driving corridor, even if this then does not have to correspond directly to the exact course of the roadway 20.

Es sei an dieser Stelle noch angemerkt, dass Überfahrbarkeitskriterien zur Identifizierung von den Fahrkorridor begrenzenden Merkmalen auch abhängig von der Geschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 gewählt werden können. Zudem können bei der Ermittlung der Fahrkorridorinformation auch Zusatzinformationen herangezogen werden, die beispielsweise aus Sensordaten weiterer Umgebungssensoren, digitalem Kartenmaterial und/oder Daten anderer Fahrzeugsysteme abgeleitet werden können.It should also be noted at this point that criteria that can be traversed to identify features delimiting the driving corridor can also be selected as a function of the speed of the motor vehicle 1. In addition, when determining the travel corridor information, additional information can also be used, which can be derived, for example, from sensor data from other environmental sensors, digital map material and / or data from other vehicle systems.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for determining location information of a motor vehicle (1) comprising a position and/or an orientation relative to an available driving route in travelling direction of the motor vehicle (1), wherein radar data describing the surrounding area of the motor vehicle (1) are captured by at least one radar sensor (2), at least one motionless feature describing the boundary of the driving route is identified and located in the radar data and is evaluated for determining driving route information describing the driving route in a vehicle coordinate system, wherein the location information is derived from the driving route information and wherein as a feature a driving route boundary of the road (16, 20) currently being driven by the motor vehicle (1) and/or a feature displaying the position of the road boundary is identified and located, wherein a course of the road is determined as the driving route,
    characterised in
    that a radar sensor (2) is used as the at least one radar sensor (2) which comprises a semiconductor chip (10), in particular a CMOS chip, activating the radar transceiver (13), and as a feature displaying and/or describing a road boundary a material transition (17) from the road surface to another ground surface is used, which is identified by evaluating the reflection behaviour of the radar radiation.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in
    that at least one of the at least one features is classified.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in
    that a curb (21) and/or a crash barrier (22) are used as a feature displaying and/or describing a road boundary.
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that for determining the driving route information at least one interpolation and/or extrapolation is performed relative to features displaying a boundary of the driving route and/or at least one additional piece of information determined from sensor data from other sensors and/or made available from a different vehicle system, in particular a navigation system, is taken into consideration when determining the driving route information.
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that a plurality of radar sensors (2) are used, which cover in particular the whole surrounding area of the motor vehicle (1) in a 360° angular range.
  6. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that by means of the semiconductor chip (10) also a digital signal processing component (14) of the radar sensor (2) and/or a control unit (15) of the radar sensor (2) is/are activated and/or the semiconductor chip (10) and an antenna arrangement (11) of the radar sensor (2) form a package (12).
  7. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that the radar sensor (2) is operated in a frequency range of 77 to 81 GHz and/or in a frequency bandwidth greater than 2 GHz, in particular 4 GHz.
  8. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that the location information is taken into consideration as part of at least one situation analysis assigned to a function of a safety system and/or driver assistance system.
  9. Method according to claim 8,
    characterised in
    that at least one threshold provided in a criterion for information output and/or a driving intervention is adapted according to the location information, in particular an orientation to a boundary of the driving route.
  10. Method according to claim 8 or 9,
    characterised in
    that as part of the situation analysis a crossing of the boundary of the driving route is evaluated by a future trajectory (18) of the motor vehicle (2).
  11. Motor vehicle (2) with a control device (7) designed for performing a method according to any of the preceding claims.
EP16706134.0A 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Method for ascertaining a piece of local information for a motor vehicle in relation to a driving corridor, and motor vehicle Active EP3259614B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2016/000266 WO2016131541A1 (en) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Method for ascertaining a piece of local information for a motor vehicle in relation to a driving corridor, and motor vehicle

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