EP3179173A1 - Method and system for automatic hydraulic compensation of consumers in a heating and/or cooling installation - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers (4) in a heating and / or cooling system (1) for the purpose of avoiding undersupply or oversupply of the consumers (4) with a hydraulic balancing superimposed room temperature control at the consumers (4) or for the consumers (4), wherein in the respective rooms room temperature readings are taken, wherein a computing unit (9) is provided and at least one circulation pump (5) is installed in the piping system (3) and a plurality of control valves (8) in the piping system (3) to regulate the liquid flow through each individual consumer (4) are installed, wherein the flow cross section is changed by means of an electrical or electronic transmitting and receiving unit (19), by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19) data on the current flow cross-section the arithmetic unit (9) sent, processed in this and Sol default values are sent, which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19), by means of which the flow cross-section is set, the setpoint values are such that all consumers (4) receive their demand-based volume flow and the heating or cooling system (1) is automatically hydraulically balanced.

Description

The invention relates to a method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers in a heating and / or cooling system for the purpose of avoiding under- or oversupply of the consumer with a hydraulic balancing superimposed room temperature control at the consumers or for the consumers, the heating and / Cooling system of a heat transfer medium, preferably water, is flowed through and is provided in the at least one heat and / or cold generator, wherein in the heating and / or cooling system via a piping system several consumers for heating and / or cooling Room temperature readings are recorded in the respective rooms, wherein at least one electrical or electronic processing unit is provided and at least one circulation pump is installed in the piping system and a plurality of control valves in the piping system for controlling the Liquid flow can be installed by each consumer.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers in a heating and / or cooling system for the purpose of avoiding undersupply or oversupply of consumers with a hydraulic balancing superimposed room temperature control at the consumers or for the consumer, the heating - And / or cooling system of a heat transfer medium, preferably water, is flowed through and is provided in the at least one heat and / or cold generator, wherein in the heating and / or cooling system via a piping system several consumers for heating and / or cooling of rooms , in which the consumers are arranged, are connected, wherein in the respective rooms room temperature sensors are arranged, further comprising at least one electrical or electronic processing unit is provided and at least one circulating pump is installed in the piping system and a plurality of control valves are installed in the piping system for controlling the liquid flow through each individual consumer for carrying out the method according to claim 1 to 7.

Such a method and such a system can in heating and / or cooling systems with at least one heat and / or chiller, multiple consumers, pipelines for connecting the heat and / or refrigeration with the consumers and at least one circulation pump and in the zu arranged room temperature sensors arranged to be heated or to be cooled and with in the flow or return line to or from the consumer built-in control valves.

To ensure a demand-based supply of all consumers in a heating or cooling system and to minimize energy consumption, hydraulic balancing is required. This can be done in different ways.

Is known, the static hydraulic balancing with the use of presettable valves, due to their adjustable Kv value allow a flow limitation. With such valves, the full load case, ie the case of the maximum simultaneous heating or cooling demand of all consumers is regulated in order to avoid a shortage. In part-load cases, there is an oversupply of individual consumers.
It is also known in larger buildings to use additional balancing valves in the supply lines in order to distribute the increased volume flows according to the size of the building as needed and to avoid too high differential pressures across the valves and thus flow noise.

With regard to the determination of the preset values of the valves for static hydraulic balancing, it is known to carry out a calculation of the heating load and of the pipe network in order to calculate the required volume flow at each consumer from the required heat quantity for a room and from the given temperature spread between supply and return to be able to. From the calculated volume flow, the summed flow resistance of other flowed through system parts and the available differential pressure of the pump, the adjustment of the flow cross-section of the valves for the static hydraulic balancing can be determined.

It is also known in not exactly known pipe network to perform an adjustment by means of measuring devices to adjust the flow rates at the valves.

The disadvantage in both cases is the increased complexity of the calculations and the manual adjustment to be performed.

Furthermore, the dynamic hydraulic balancing is known, in which the fluid-carrying system is hydraulically balanced not only for the full load case but also for the partial load case. For this purpose, either differential pressure regulators in the supply or return lines of the heating and / or cooling system or flow regulators are used directly at the consumers.
For hydraulic balancing with such valves as well as a Heizlast- and a simplified pipe network calculation is required to correctly adjust the flow rates at the consumers.

Going on is off EP 1 936 288 B1 known to detect an existing hydraulic balance on the basis of the heating or cooling behavior of the rooms. In addition, is out DE10 2014 102 275 known setting values for Control valves to determine due to the heating or cooling behavior of the rooms and thus perform a hydraulic balancing.

A disadvantage of the last two solutions is the sluggish behavior compared to mechanical flow regulators, which react directly to changing pressure conditions and not only a change of secondary values such. wait for the change in room temperature. Another drawback of these solutions is the use of battery-operated actuators that perform repositioning movements with each significant differential pressure change across the control valves, thereby reducing battery life.

Regardless of the known methods of hydraulic balancing the individual room temperature control is known, which controls the room temperature by means of a mechanical or electronic thermostat room temperature by means of acting on a control valve the room temperature to a predetermined setpoint. Individual room temperature controls are known in which time profiles can be stored in order to define time-dependent heating and lowering phases.

Based on the prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a method and a system which allows automatic hydraulic balancing a heating and / or cooling system, which also with changing heat or cooling demand and thus changing flow and differential pressure autonomous, largely delay-free, differential pressure-independent and permanently adapted via the consumers and control valves in the usual occurring load cases. In addition, a room temperature control to predetermined setpoints is to be made possible, wherein both the hydraulic balancing and the room temperature control can be done by changing the cross section of the flow regulation of the control valve in a simple manner.

To achieve this object, the invention proposes a method, which is characterized in that the control valve is flowed through by the heat transfer medium and the pressure difference between pressure ranges before and after a flow regulating the control valve is kept constant, also for this purpose the flow cross-section by means of an electrical or electronic transmission - and Reception unit and the associated actuator is changed, being transmitted by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit information or data on the current flow area to the arithmetic unit, processed in this and converted into setpoint specification values, which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit, by means of which the flow cross-section is adjusted, wherein the desired value of the individual control valves in dependence on at least the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms and / or other characteristics done in such a way that all consumers receive their needs-based flow, the heating or cooling system automatically adjusted hydraulically Furthermore, a room temperature control superimposed on the setpoint specifications as a function of the temperature difference between the actual room temperature and the room temperature setpoint of the individual rooms by changing the Du Rchflussquerschnittes the control valves takes place.

According to the invention, an automatic hydraulic balancing is achieved, which can be carried out without delay in all load cases, is integrated in a single room temperature control and reduces the actuating cycles of the actuators, since these are triggered only by changing the room temperatures, but not by changing pressure conditions in the heating and / or cooling system. In addition, a reduction in energy consumption results from an independently determined, demand-based flow temperature and by optimizing the pump speed of the circulation pump. In addition, expensive piping calculations are unnecessary since the setting values of the flow regulators are automatically determined on the basis of the actually required volume flow requirement.

The transmitting and receiving units are usually components of the actuator, by means of which the flow cross section is changed. The transmitting unit sends wired or wireless continuously running the current position of the actuator to the computing unit, which in turn determines and transmits new setpoint specifications regarding the setting to the receiving unit of the actuator. The receiving unit forwards this data to the actuator without any further change.

According to the invention, the detection of the room temperature measured values can be carried out by room temperature sensors, which are arranged in the respective rooms and with which processing elements, in particular the arithmetic unit or the transmitting and receiving unit communicate.

The control valve preferably consists of a flow control valve with a housing which has at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the heat transfer medium and a connecting piece arranged therebetween, in which a pressure control device is installed, which the pressure difference between the pressure ranges before and behind a arranged in the connecting piece flow regulating keeps constant. Furthermore, a spindle acting on the flow regulating unit in a cross-sectionally variable manner is provided with an actuator, consisting of a lifting or rotating unit acting on the spindle and the transmitting and receiving unit. About the transmitting device information about the lifting or rotational position of the spindle can be sent to the arithmetic unit and received via the receiving unit setpoint specifications from the arithmetic unit to the lifting or rotational position of the spindle. The setpoint specifications of the individual control valves are made depending on the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms and / or other characteristics, in the way that all consumers their obtained according to demand flow rate, the heating or cooling system is automatically adjusted hydraulically and the setpoint specifications superimposed room temperature control in dependence on the temperature difference between the actual room temperature and the room temperature setpoint of the individual rooms by changing the cross section of the flow regulation of the control valves.

The data sent by all transmitter units of the control valves data are received and processed by the arithmetic unit. If there are differences in the comparison of the heating and cooling behavior of the individual rooms with each other, that is, if, for example, individual rooms warm up faster than others, new setpoint specifications can be generated from this. Valves in rooms with faster heating behavior thus receive a stronger limitation of the cross-section than rooms with slow heating behavior, the cross-section is then less limited.

The maximum available cross-section of the flow regulating unit is initially limited by the hydraulic balancing. If necessary, the room temperature control reduces this cross section for controlling the room temperature. If the setpoint of the room temperature is exceeded, the flow regulation unit is shut off. This shut-off or reduction of the cross-section for room temperature control has effects on the system hydraulics, so that in this case new maximum cross sections of the flow control units are specified by the arithmetic unit.

The transmitting unit transmits the corresponding data via a data cable or wirelessly, for example by radio in digital form to the arithmetic unit.

The associated time measurement takes place in the arithmetic unit. For example, the arithmetic unit is implemented as an embedded system with microprocessor and memory, wherein due to the frequency of a quartz oscillator time intervals can be measured and processed.

A preferred method step is seen in that heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms is detected by means of the room temperature measured values recorded in the rooms and simultaneously performed time measurement by the arithmetic unit and compared with a stored for each room temperature-time profile and that the liquid flow through the individual Consumers is changed by cross-sectional changes of the flow control unit of the control valves until the detected actual room temperature of the individual rooms matches the stored in the time profile room temperature setpoint and the fastest possible and simultaneous achievement of the predetermined room temperature setpoints of the individual rooms is achieved.

In addition, it is preferably provided that at least one control valve reaches the maximum cross-sectional opening of the flow regulating unit.

The flow temperature can be maximally lowered (during heating) or maximally increased (during cooling) as long as all rooms still reach their setpoint values of room temperatures and until the cross section of the flow control unit of the control valve reaches the maximum cross-sectional opening, so that the hydraulic resistance is minimal.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the maximum and / or minimum flow cross section is predetermined by the arithmetic unit for at least one control valve.

The described adjustment of the flow temperature brings energy savings, since at lower flow temperatures, the efficiency of heat generators such as heat pumps are higher and because at lower flow temperatures, the heat losses in pipes, storage and the like are lower. However, the flow temperature can not be adjusted to any degree. Rather, the flow temperature may only be adjusted as long as the time-dependent setpoint temperatures of the individual rooms are also achieved. The specification of the minimum lifting or rotational position and thus of the maximum or minimum flow cross-section may be advantageous, in particular for sluggish consumers, such as underfloor heating systems, in order to counteract excessive room temperature fluctuations.

Preferably, it is also provided that the arithmetic unit exchanges data with the heat and / or cold generator and that this increases or decreases the heat or cooling generation until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached.

In the simplest case, the heat or cold generator gets only a new flow temperature specified by the arithmetic unit. But it is also possible that the heat or cold generator additionally transmits its current flow temperature to the arithmetic unit.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the arithmetic unit exchanges data with the circulation pump and that this increases or decreases its delivery rate until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached.

The circulation pump receives in the simplest case, a specification regarding the pump speed.
But it is also conceivable that the circulation pump transmits its current speed to the arithmetic unit.

Preferably, it is also provided that, based on a flow and return temperature detection at the leading to the respective consumers piping of the piping system by means of the arithmetic unit that processes the temperature recorded via the transmitting and receiving unit temperature data, a heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms predicts and the automatic hydraulic balancing the individual consumer is based on this forecast.

For this purpose, it is provided that a room temperature sensor is arranged in each flow and return of each consumer or a group of consumers, which detects the temperatures and transmitted to the arithmetic unit, in which these temperatures in turn with a stored in a memory of the arithmetic unit consumption pattern or data pattern are compared and then the control unit corresponding control commands to the actuators for spindle adjustment (flow control) transmitted.

In claim 8, a corresponding system is described and specified, which is used in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7. Here, it is provided in particular that a flow control valve is installed as a control valve, consisting of a housing with at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the heat carrier and arranged therebetween a connecting piece, in which a pressure control device is installed, which the pressure difference between the pressure ranges before and holds constant behind a arranged in the connecting piece flow regulating unit, as well as designed with a on the Flow regulating unit the flow cross section variable acting spindle and an actuator consisting of an acting on the spindle lifting or rotating unit and an electrical or electronic transmitting and receiving unit, wherein by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit information or data on the current lifting or rotational position of the spindle be sent to the arithmetic unit, processed in this and converted into setpoint specifications, which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit by means of which the adjustment of the lifting or rotational position of the spindle by means of the lifting or rotating unit is performed.

Furthermore, it can be provided that room temperature sensors are arranged in the individual rooms.

The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment even further.

Figur 1

eine Heizungs- oder Kühlanlage mit ihren Wesentlichen Komponenten in Ansicht in schematischer Darstellung;

Figur 2

eine Regelarmatur samt Stellantrieb in schematischer Darstellung, teilweise im Schnitt gesehen;

Figur 3

eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der Figur 3 ebenfalls im Schnitt gesehen.

It shows:

FIG. 1

a heating or cooling system with its essential components in view in a schematic representation;

FIG. 2

a control valve together with actuator in a schematic representation, partially seen in section;

FIG. 3

an enlarged detail of the FIG. 3 also seen in section.

In FIG. 1 the essential components of a heating and / or cooling system 1 are shown, namely a heat / cold generator 2, corresponding pipes 3 and 4 integrated in the pipelines consumers, which are connected via pipelines 6.7 to the piping system 3. In the flow of the pipe 3, a circulation pump 5 is provided. At the entrance or exit of each consumer 4, which may be for example a radiator, a control valve 8 is provided, via which the volume flow of the guided through the pipe 6 heat transfer medium, for example water, is regulated. 9, a computing unit is shown schematically, which preferably receives, processes and forwards corresponding data wirelessly.

At 20 room temperature sensors are shown, which in the individual rooms of the Model system are installed and record the room temperature.

In the Figures 2 and 3 Details of the control valve 8 are shown. The control valve 8 includes a flow control valve 10 having a housing 11, an inlet 12 for the heat transfer medium and an outlet 13 for the heat transfer medium. Between the inlet 12 and outlet 13, a connecting piece 14 is formed, in which a pressure regulating device 15 is installed, which keeps constant the pressure difference between the pressure regions upstream of the connecting piece 14 and downstream of a flow regulating unit 21 arranged in the connecting piece 14. Furthermore, the flow control valve 10 has a spindle 16, which has a cross-sectionally variable action on the flow regulating unit 21, and an actuator 17 therefor, which consists of a lifting or rotating unit 18 acting on the spindle 16 and is coupled to a transmitting and receiving unit 19. Information about the actual lifting or rotational position of the spindle 16 is transmitted to the arithmetic unit 9 and transmitted via the transmitter device, while via the receiving unit setpoint specifications from the arithmetic unit 9 to the lifting or rotational position of the spindle 16 are received and an adjustment of the flow cross-section by movement of the spindle 16 by the actuator 17 is carried out.

A description will now be given of the complete operation of the method including signal transmission and detection.

Step 1: Signal acquisition

The room temperature sensors 20 measure the current room temperature in the respective rooms. The actuator 17 detects the current stroke or rotational position and thus the position of the spindle 16th

Step 2: Data transmission to the arithmetic unit 9

The room temperature sensors 20 and the transmitting units of the transmitting and receiving units 19 of the actuators 17 transmit the detected values to the arithmetic unit 9 either wired or wirelessly, wherein the room temperature sensors 20 can also send wired or wireless to the receiving unit of the transmitting and receiving unit 19 of the actuator 17 who then turn the Room temperature readings to the arithmetic unit with transmits.

Step 3: Determination of the heating behavior

The arithmetic unit 9 determines characteristic parameters, for example the temperature rise per unit time, for the heating or cooling behavior for all rooms and compares them with each other and the individual room temperature actual values with the associated room temperature setpoints. It can also be advantageous to take into account older, stored values with regard to the heating and cooling behavior of the rooms.

Step 4: Calculation of new setpoint values for the lifting / turning position of the actuator 17

The arithmetic unit 9 calculates the new setpoint values on the basis of the characteristic values (see step 3) and on the basis of the temperature difference between the actual room temperature and the room temperature setpoint, with the goal that the setpoint temperatures in all rooms coincide or within a time profile and / or a room priority circuit can be achieved.

The room temperature setpoint is either stored centrally in the arithmetic unit 9 for each individual room or is transmitted from external setpoint generators of the respective rooms to the arithmetic unit 9, wherein the setpoint generator can optionally be installed together with the corresponding room temperature sensors 20 in a mounting unit.

Step 5: Data transmission to the receiving unit of the transmitting / receiving unit 19

The arithmetic unit 9 transmits the new setpoint values to the receiving units of the transmitting and receiving unit 19 of the actuators 17. These are actuated and adjusted accordingly.

The invention is not limited to the embodiment, but in the context of the disclosure often variable.

All disclosed in the description and / or drawing single and combination features are considered essential to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Heating and / or cooling system

2

Heat / cold generator

3

piping

4

consumer

5

circulating pump

6

pipeline

7

pipeline

8th

control valve

9

computer unit

10

Flow control valve [removed: (8)]

11

casing

12

inlet

13

outlet

14

spigot

15

Pressure control device

16

spindle

17

actuator

18

Lifting or rotating unit

19

Transmitter / receiver unit

20

Room temperature sensors

21

Durchflussreguliereinheit

Claims (9)

Method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers (4) in a heating and / or cooling system (1) for the purpose of avoiding undersupply or oversupply of the consumers (4) with a hydraulic balancing superimposed room temperature control at the consumers (4) or for the consumers (4), wherein the heating and / or cooling system (1) from a heat transfer medium, preferably water, flows through and is provided in the at least one heat and / or cold generator, wherein in the heating and / or cooling system over a piping system is connected to a plurality of consumers for heating and / or cooling of rooms in which the consumers are arranged, wherein room temperature readings are recorded in the respective rooms, wherein at least one electrical or electronic arithmetic unit (9) is provided and at least one circulating pump ( 5) is installed in the piping system (3) and several control valves (8) in the piping system (3) for controlling the liquid flow through each individual consumer (4) are installed, characterized in that the control valve (8) is flowed through by the heat transfer medium and the pressure difference between pressure ranges before and after a flow regulating unit (21) of Control valve (8) is kept constant, further, the flow cross-section by means of an electrical or electronic transmitting and receiving unit (19) and the associated actuator is changed, wherein by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19) information or data on the current flow cross-section the arithmetic unit (9) is sent, processed therein and converted into nominal value values which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19), by means of which the flow cross-section is adjusted, wherein the setpoint specification values of the individual control valves (8) as a function of at least from the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms and / or other characteristic values in such a way that all consumers (4) receive their demand-based volume flow, the heating or cooling system (1) is automatically adjusted hydraulically, further a space Tempe superimposed on the setpoint specifications raturregelung depending on the temperature difference between the actual room temperature and the room temperature setpoint of the individual rooms by changing the flow cross-section of the flow regulating unit (21) of the control valves (8). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms is detected by the arithmetic unit (9) by means of the room temperature measured values recorded in the rooms and a time measurement carried out simultaneously and compared with a temperature-time profile stored for each room and that Liquid flow through the individual consumers (4) is changed by changing the flow cross section of the flow regulating unit (21) of the control valves (8) until the detected actual room temperature of the individual rooms coincides with the room temperature setpoint stored in the time profile and the fastest possible simultaneous attainment of the predetermined room temperature setpoints of the individual Rooms is reached. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that at least one control valve (8) reaches the maximum opening of the flow cross-section of the flow regulating unit (15). Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that for at least one control valve (8) the maximum and / or minimum flow cross-section of the arithmetic unit (9) is specified. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the arithmetic unit (9) exchanges data with the heat and / or cold generator (2) and that this increases or decreases the heat or cooling generation until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the arithmetic unit (9) exchanges data with the circulating pump (5) and that this increases or decreases its delivery rate until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that on the basis of a flow and return temperature detection at the respective consumers (4) leading pipes (6,7) of the piping system (3) by means of the arithmetic unit (9) which detected via the transmitting and receiving unit (19) Temperature data processed, a heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms predicted and the automatic hydraulic balancing of individual consumers (4) is carried out on the basis of this forecast. System for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers (4) in a heating and / or cooling system (1) for the purpose of Avoiding under- or oversupply of consumers (4) with a hydraulic adjustment superimposed room temperature control at the consumers (4) or for the consumers (4), wherein the heating and / or cooling system (1) from a heat transfer medium, preferably water, is flowed through and provided in the at least one heat and / or cold generator, wherein in the heating and / or cooling system via a piping system several consumers for heating and / or cooling of rooms in which the consumers are arranged, are connected In the respective rooms room temperature sensors (20) are arranged, further comprising at least one electrical or electronic processing unit (9) is provided and at least one circulation pump (5) is installed in the piping system (3) and a plurality of control valves (8) in the piping system (3 ) for controlling the liquid flow through each individual consumer (4) are installed for Carrying out the method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that as a control valve (8) a flow control valve (10) is installed, consisting of a housing (11) with at least one inlet (12) and at least one outlet (13) for the heat carrier and a connecting piece (14) arranged between these, in which a pressure regulating device (15) is installed, which measures the pressure difference between the two Pressure ranges in front of and behind a in the connection piece (14) arranged flow regulating unit (21) holds constant, as well as configured with a flow control unit (21) the flow cross section changeable acting spindle (16) and an actuator (17) consisting of a on the spindle ( 17) acting lifting or rotating unit (18) and an electrical or electronic transmitting and receiving unit (19), wherein by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19) information or data on the current lifting or rotational position of the spindle (16) be sent to the arithmetic unit (9), processed in this and converted into setpoint specifications, which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19) by means of which the setting of the lifting or rotational position of the spindle (16) by means of the lifting or rotary unit (18) is performed. System according to claim 1, characterized in that room temperature sensors (20) are arranged in the individual rooms.

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