EP2782447A1 - 2-iodo imidazole-derivatives - Google Patents
2-iodo imidazole-derivativesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2782447A1 EP2782447A1 EP12798652.9A EP12798652A EP2782447A1 EP 2782447 A1 EP2782447 A1 EP 2782447A1 EP 12798652 A EP12798652 A EP 12798652A EP 2782447 A1 EP2782447 A1 EP 2782447A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plants
- alkyl
- optionally substituted
- halogen
- plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- MHHDMDLNVVCTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodo-1h-imidazole Chemical class IC1=NC=CN1 MHHDMDLNVVCTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 Ci-C4-haloalkylthio Chemical group 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003032 phytopathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000262 haloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004192 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])OC([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006650 (C2-C4) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000232 haloalkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006656 (C2-C4) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- 229910005965 SO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UULXSTDDDXOTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-iodoacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NI UULXSTDDDXOTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-ZYUZMQFOSA-L nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) Chemical compound O1[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[N+]1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-ZYUZMQFOSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CC=C1 NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000885 phytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000157 polyfructose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032361 posttranscriptional gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001844 prenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019633 pungent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000029561 pustule Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003161 ribonuclease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003620 semiochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004550 soluble concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004546 suspension concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical class NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Zearalenon Natural products O=C1OC(C)CCCC(=O)CCCC=CC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N zearalenone Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](C)CCCC(=O)CCC\C=C\C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/20—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C49/213—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/20—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C49/255—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/68—Halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D277/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D277/24—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/34—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by sulphur, selenium or tellurium atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0814—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring is substituted at a C ring atom by Si
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives, processes for preparing these compounds, compositions containing these compounds, and their use as biologically active compounds, in particular for controlling harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials and as plant growth regulators.
- X is OR 1 , CN or hydrogen
- Y is O, S, SO, S0 2 , -CH 2 - or a direct bond
- n 0 or 1
- n 0 or 1
- R is in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or aryl,
- R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl or trialkylsilyl
- R 2 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl
- R 3 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl
- R 2 and R 3 may also together represent optionally substituted C 2 -C 8 -alkylene
- R and R 2 may also together represent optionally substituted C 2 -C 8 -alkylene,
- R and R 1 may also together be in each case optionally substituted by halogen, alkyl or halogenoalkyl-substituted Ci-C i-alkylene or Ci-C i-Alkylenoxy, wherein the oxygen of this group is connected to R, so that an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran-2 yl, l, 3-dioxetan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, l, 3-dioxan-2-yl or l, 3-dioxepan-2-yl ring is formed,
- R 1 and R 2 may also be a direct bond when n is 1,
- Y and R 3 may also together form a double bond when m and n are simultaneously 1,
- A represents optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl,
- the available salts also have fungicidal and / or plant growth regulatory properties.
- heterocyclic thio-substituted alkanol derivatives which can be used in accordance with the invention are generally defined by the formula (I).
- Preferred radical definitions of the above and below formulas are given below. These definitions apply equally to the end products of formula (I) as well as to all intermediates (see also below under “Explanatory Notes on Processes and Intermediates”).
- X is preferably OR 1 .
- Y is preferably O.
- Y is also preferably -CH 2 -.
- Y is also preferably a direct bond.
- Y is also preferably S or SO2.
- Y is particularly preferably oxygen.
- Y is also particularly preferably CH2.
- Y is also particularly preferably a direct bond.
- m is preferably 0.
- n is preferably 0.
- n is also preferably 1.
- R preferably represents in each case optionally branched C3-C7-alkyl, Ci-Cs-haloalkyl, C2-C7 alkenyl, C 2 -C 7 haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 7 alkynyl, C 2 -C 7 haloalkynyl, C C4-alkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, tri (Ci-C3-alkyl) silyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, in each case in the cycloalkyl moiety optionally by halogen, Ci-C i-alkyl, Ci-C i-haloalkyl, Ci-C i-alkoxy, Ci-C i -haloalkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkylthio, Ci-C4-alkylthio or phenoxy (which in turn is substituted by halogen or Ci
- R particularly preferably represents in each case optionally branched C3-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, C3-C5 alkenyl, C3-C5 haloalkenyl, C3-C5 alkynyl, C3-C5 haloalkynyl, Ci-C3 Alkoxy-GC 2- alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, tri (C 1 -C 2 -alkyl) -silyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, in each case in the cycloalkyl part, where appropriate by halogen, C 4 alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C 4 alkylthio -Halogenal-, Ci-C 4 alkylthio or phenoxy (which, in turn, by fluorine, chlorine ,
- R very particularly preferably represents tert-butyl, isopropyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxymethyl, trimethylsilylmethyl, 1-chlorocyclopropyl, 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 1-methoxycyclopropyl, 1 Methylthiocyclopropyl, 1-trifluoromethylcyclopropyl, 1-phenoxycyclopropyl, 1- (2-chlorophenoxy) cyclopropyl, 1- (2-fluoro-phenoxy) -cyclopropyl, 1- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -cyclopropyl, 1- (2,4-difoxybenzoxy) cyclopropyl, (3E) -4-chloro-2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl, 1-fluorophenyl,
- R 1 preferably represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) carbonyl, (C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl) carbonyl or tri (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) silyl.
- R 1 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, methylcarbonyl or trimethylsilyl.
- R 1 very particularly preferably represents hydrogen.
- R 2 is preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, Ci-C i-alkyl or Ci-C i -haloalkyl.
- R 2 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.
- R 2 is very particularly preferably hydrogen or methyl.
- R 3 is preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, Ci-C / i-alkyl or Ci-C i -haloalkyl.
- R 3 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.
- R 3 very particularly preferably represents hydrogen or methyl.
- R 2 and R 3 are also together preferably straight-chain or branched and optionally through
- Halogen in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine, substituted C 2 -CsAlkylen.
- R 2 and R 3 together are particularly preferably - (CH 2) 2-, - (CH 2) 4 -, - (CH 2) s- or
- R and R 2 are also together preferably straight-chain or branched and optionally substituted by halogen or Ci-C i-alkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methyl, substituted C 2 -CsAlkylen.
- R and R 2 are also more preferably together especially preferred for - (CH 2) 2-, - (CH 2) 4 -, - (CH 2) s-, - (CH 2) 2 C (CH 3 ) 2, -C (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) 2- or - (CH 2 ) CH (CH 3 ) -.
- R and R 2 together are most preferably together for - (CH 2) 2-.
- R and R 1 together also preferably represent optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, Ci-C 4 alkyl or GC i -haloalkyl substituted - (CH 2) 3-, -CH 2 O-, - (CH 2) 20-, - (CEh ⁇ O-, where the oxygen of this group is in each case connected to R so that an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 1,3-dioxetan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl or 1, 3-dioxan-2-yl ring is formed.
- R and R 1 together are particularly preferably together optionally substituted by methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl - (CEb ⁇ O-, wherein the oxygen of this group is connected to R, so that an optionally substituted l, 3-dioxolane -2-yl.
- R 1 and R 2 may also preferably be a direct bond when n is 1,
- A is preferably unsubstituted or mono- to trisubstituted by Z 1 phenyl, wherein
- Z 2 also preferably represents in each case optionally mono- or polysubstituted by Z 2 substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, Pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl, wherein Z 2 represents halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C 4 alkylthio, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-halo-alkylthio, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C3 C7-cycloalkyl, or represents optionally halogen- or Ci-C 4 alkyl-
- A likewise preferably represents in each case optionally monosubstituted or polysubstituted by Z 2 substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyrrolyl,
- Triazol-4-yl 1H-tetrazol-1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-tetrazol-2-yl, 2H-tetrazol-5-yl, 1, 2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, l, 2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, l, 2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, l, 2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, l, 3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, l, 2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, l, 2,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, l, 2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazin
- Z 2 represents halogen, Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 2 alkylthio, Ci-C 2 alkoxy, Ci-C 2 haloalkyl, Ci-C 2-halo-thioalkyl, Ci-C 2 haloalkoxy, C3 C6-cycloalkyl, in each case optionally monosubstituted by halogen or Ci-C 4 alkyl phenyl or phenoxy.
- A is also very particularly preferably in each case optionally mono- or polysubstituted by Z 2 substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
- Z 2 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-, i-, s- or t-butyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, trichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, difluoro- ormethoxy, difluoromethylthio, dichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, difluorochloromethoxy, Z 2 also represents phenyl, which is substituted by fluorine, chlorine or methyl.
- Halogen (also in combinations such as haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, etc.) fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine;
- Alkyl (also in combinations such as alkylthio, alkoxy, etc.) saturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g. C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2 Dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl , 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3
- Haloalkyl (also in combinations such as haloalkylthio, haloalkoxy, etc.) straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (as mentioned above), wherein in these groups, partially or completely, the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above, e.g.
- C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl such as chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-di-fluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl and 1, l, l-Trifluo ⁇ rop-2-yl.
- Alkenyl unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and having one double bond in any position, for example C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2 -Butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl,
- 2-methyl-2-propenyl 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, Methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl
- Cycloalkyl monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 8 carbon ring members such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
- Aryl unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic, mono-, bi- or tricyclic ring, for example phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl (anthryl), phenanthracenyl (phenanthryl).
- Hetaryl unsubstituted or substituted, unsaturated heterocyclic 5- to 7-membered ring containing up to 4 nitrogen atoms or alternatively 1 nitrogen atom and up to 2 further heteroatoms selected from N, O and S: e.g.
- the 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) can be prepared in different ways. In the following, the possible methods are first shown schematically. Unless indicated otherwise, the radicals given have the meanings given above.
- the imidazole derivatives of the formula (II) required as starting materials for carrying out the process A according to the invention are known and can be prepared in a known manner (cf., EP-A 0 040 345, EP-A 0 793 657, EP-A 0 297 345, EP-A 0 421 125, EP-A 0 386 557, EP-A 0 378 953).
- the iodination agents likewise required in carrying out process A according to the invention are known. Examples are: elemental iodine or, iodine monochloride, N-iodoacetamide, N-iodosuccinimide.
- the process A according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a base.
- a base Suitable for this purpose are the customary inorganic or organic bases, preferably alkali metal hydrides, such as, for example, sodium or potassium hydride, amides, such as sodium amide, sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (Na-HDMS), lithium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (Li-HDMS). , Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), or lithium tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP), or organometallic compounds such as n-, sec- or tert-butyllithium (n-BuLi, sec-BuLi, tert-BuLi) or phenyllithium
- LDA lithium diisopropylamide
- LiTMP lithium tetramethylpiperidide
- organometallic compounds such as n-, sec- or tert-butyllithium (n-BuLi, sec-BuL
- the process A of the invention is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent at temperatures of -78 ° C to + 100 ° C.
- Preferred diluents are ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene or toluene.
- the reaction according to the invention is preferably carried out under inert gas, in particular nitrogen or argon.
- oxidizing agents in particular peroxides or peracids (for example hydrogen peroxide or meta-chloroperbenzoic acid).
- the process B according to the invention is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent, for example dichloromethane, at temperatures of -20.degree. C. to + 100.degree. ⁇
- a diluent for example dichloromethane
- the epoxide derivatives of the formula (III) required as starting materials for carrying out the process C according to the invention are known and can be prepared in a known manner (for example DE-A 40 27 608, DE-A 35 37 817).
- the 2-iodo-1H-imidazole also required in carrying out the process C according to the invention is commercially available or can be prepared from commercially available precursors according to instructions described in the literature ⁇ Molecules 2005, 10, 401-406).
- Process C according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a base.
- a base Suitable for this purpose are the customary inorganic or organic bases, preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, carbonates, hydro gencarbonates, hydrides, hydroxides or alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium, potassium or calcium acetate, sodium, potassium, calcium or cesium carbonate, sodium, potassium or calcium bicarbonate, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydride, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, sodium or potassium methoxide, ethanolate, n- or iso-propanolate, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butoxide.
- the customary inorganic or organic bases preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, carbonates, hydro gencarbonates, hydrides, hydroxides or alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium, potassium or calcium acetate, sodium, potassium, calcium or cesium carbonate
- the inventive method C is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent at temperatures of -78 ° C to + 100 ° C.
- Suitable diluents are preferably amides, e.g. Dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, as well as dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylenesulfone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide and DMPU; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl, methyl isopropyl or methyl isobutyl ketone.
- the reaction according to the invention is preferably carried out under inert gas, in particular nitrogen or argon.
- the epoxide derivatives of the formula (IV) required as starting materials for carrying out the process D according to the invention are known and can be prepared in a known manner (for example EP-A 0 421 125, EP-A 0 386 557).
- 2-iodo-1H-imidazole which is likewise required in carrying out process D according to the invention, is commercially available or can be prepared from commercially available precursors according to specifications described in the literature (Molecules 2005, 10, 401-406).
- Process D according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a base.
- a base Suitable for this purpose are the customary inorganic or organic bases, preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, carbonates, hydro gencarbonates, hydrides, hydroxides or alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium, potassium or calcium acetate, sodium, potassium, calcium or cesium carbonate, sodium, potassium or calcium bicarbonate, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydride, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, sodium or potassium methoxide, ethanolate, n- or iso-propanolate, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butoxide.
- pyridine or 4-dimethylaminopyridine alkali metal amides such as sodium and potassium amide.
- the reaction accelerators are preferably metal halides such as sodium iodide or potassium iodide, quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide, iodide or hydrogen sulfate, benzyltriethylammonium chloride or bromide or crown ethers such as 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown -6, dibenzo-18-crown-6 or dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 in question.
- metal halides such as sodium iodide or potassium iodide
- quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide, iodide or hydrogen sulfate, benzyltriethylammonium chloride or bromide or crown ethers such as 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown -6, dibenzo-18
- the inventive method D is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent at temperatures of -78 ° C to + 100 ° C.
- Suitable diluents are preferably amides such as di- methylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, and also dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylenesulfone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide and DMPU.
- the reaction according to the invention is preferably carried out under inert gas, in particular nitrogen or argon.
- the 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the general formula (I) according to the invention can be converted into acid addition salts or metal salt complexes.
- hydrohalic acids such as e.g. Hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids, especially hydrochloric acid, also phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, mono- and bifunctional carboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. Acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, lactic acid and sulfonic acids, e.g. p-toluenesulfonic acid and 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid.
- hydrohalic acids such as e.g. Hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids, especially hydrochloric acid, also phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, mono- and bifunctional carboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. Acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, lactic
- the acid addition salts of the compounds of the general formula (I) can be prepared in a simple manner by customary salt-forming methods, e.g. by dissolving a compound of general formula (I) in a suitable inert solvent and adding the acid, e.g. Hydrochloric acid, and in a known manner, e.g. by filtration, isolated and optionally purified by washing with an inert organic solvent.
- customary salt-forming methods e.g. by dissolving a compound of general formula (I) in a suitable inert solvent and adding the acid, e.g. Hydrochloric acid, and in a known manner, e.g. by filtration, isolated and optionally purified by washing with an inert organic solvent.
- salts of metals of the IIth to IVth main groups and of the 1st and 2nd and IVth to VIIIth subgroups of the Periodic Table where copper, zinc, Manganese, magnesium, tin, iron and nickel are exemplified.
- Suitable anions of the salts are those which are preferably derived from the following acids: hydrohalic acids, e.g. Hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, further phosphoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
- the metal salt complexes of compounds of the general formula (I) can be obtained in a simple manner by conventional methods, e.g. by dissolving the metal salt in alcohol, e.g. Ethanol and adding to the compound of general formula I.
- Metal salt complexes can be prepared in known manner, e.g. isolate by filtration and optionally purified by recrystallization.
- the usable 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives according to the invention may optionally be used as mixtures of various possible isomeric forms, in particular of stereoisomers, such as. B. E and Z, threo and erythro, and optical isomers, but optionally also of tautomers. Both the E and the Z isomers, as well as the threo and erythro, and the optical isomers, any mixtures of these isomers, as well as the possible tautomeric forms claimed.
- the compounds of the formula (I) are in particular optionally present in the form of enantiomers:
- the present invention further relates to a crop protection agent for controlling unwanted microorganisms, in particular unwanted fungi, comprising the active compounds according to the invention.
- fungicidal compositions which contain agriculturally useful auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, surface-active substances or extenders.
- the invention relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, characterized in that the active compounds according to the invention are applied to the phytopathogenic fungi and / or their habitat.
- the carrier means a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance with which the active ingredients for better applicability, v. A. for application to plants or plant parts or seeds, mixed or combined.
- the carrier which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be useful in agriculture.
- Suitable solid or liquid carriers are: e.g. Ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such carriers can also be used.
- Suitable solid carriers for granules are: e.g.
- Suitable liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are those liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, e.g. Aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
- adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-form polymers such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids.
- Other additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
- Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or dichloromethane, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g.
- Petroleum fractions mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
- alcohols such as butanol or glycol
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone
- strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide
- the agents of the invention may additionally contain other ingredients, e.g. surfactants.
- Suitable surface-active substances are emulsifying and / or foam-forming agents, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties or mixtures of these surface-active substances.
- Examples thereof are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyltaurates), Phosphoric acid esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates, eg Alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, protein hydrolysates, lignin sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.
- the presence of a surfactant is necessary when
- Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
- inorganic pigments e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
- additional components may also be included, e.g. protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetration enhancers, stabilizers, sequestering agents, complexing agents.
- the active ingredients can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes.
- the agents and formulations according to the invention contain between 0.05 and 99% by weight, 0.01 and 98% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 95% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 90%. Active ingredient, most preferably between 10 and 70 weight percent.
- active compounds or compositions according to the invention can be used as such or, depending on their respective physical and / or chemical properties, in the form of their formulations or the applications prepared therefrom.
- compositions mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, e.g. by mixing the active compounds with at least one customary diluent, solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersing and / or binding or fixing agent, wetting agent, water repellent, optionally siccatives and UV stabilizers and optionally dyes and pigments, antifoams, Preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and other processing aids.
- the compositions according to the invention comprise not only formulations which are already ready to use and can be applied to the plant or seed by suitable equipment, but also commercial concentrates which must be diluted with water before use.
- the active compounds according to the invention as such or in their (commercial) formulations and in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with other (known) agents such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers , Safeners or semiochemicals.
- other agents such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers , Safeners or semiochemicals.
- the treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredients or agents is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by dipping, spraying, spraying, sprinkling, evaporating, atomizing, atomizing, sprinkling, foaming, brushing, spreading, drenching, drip irrigation and propagating material, in particular for seeds by dry pickling, wet pickling, slurry pickling, encrusting, single or multilayer coating, etc. It is also possible to apply the active ingredients by the ultra-low-volume method or to inject the active ingredient preparation or the active ingredient itself into the soil.
- the invention further comprises a method of treating seed.
- the invention further relates to seed which has been treated according to one of the methods described in the previous paragraph.
- the seeds according to the invention are used in methods for the protection of seed from undesirable microorganisms. In these, a seed treated with at least one active ingredient according to the invention is used.
- the active compounds or compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of seed.
- Much of the damage to crops caused by harmful organisms is due to infestation of the seeds during storage or after sowing, and during and after germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical because the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and can cause only a small damage to the death of the plant. There is therefore a great interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using suitable means.
- the control of phytopathogenic fungi by the treatment of the seed of plants has long been known and is the subject of constant improvement. Nevertheless, there are a number of problems in the treatment of seeds that can not always be satisfactorily resolved.
- methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant which eliminate or at least significantly reduce the additional application of crop protection agents after sowing or after emergence of the plants. It is also desirable to optimize the amount of active ingredient used so that the seed and the germinating plant are best protected against attack by phytopathogenic fungi, but without damaging the plant itself by the active ingredient used.
- methods for treating seed should also include the intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant with a minimum of pesticide use.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a method of protecting seed and germinating plants from the infestation of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with an agent according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of the seed treatment agents of the invention for protecting the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic fungi.
- the invention relates to seed which has been treated with an agent according to the invention for protection against phytopathogenic fungi.
- One of the advantages of the present invention is that due to the particular systemic properties of the active compounds or compositions according to the invention, the treatment of the seeds with these active ingredients or agents protects not only the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence from phytopathogenic fungi , In this way, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly afterwards can be omitted.
- the active compounds or agents according to the invention can also be used in particular in the case of transgenic seed, wherein the plant growing from this seed is capable of expressing a protein which acts against pests.
- the active compounds or agents according to the invention By treating such seeds with the active compounds or agents according to the invention, it is possible to combat pests already determined by the expression of, for example, insecticidal protein.
- a further synergistic effect can be observed, which additionally increases the effectiveness for protection against pest infestation.
- the compositions according to the invention are suitable for the protection of seed of any plant variety used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture and viticulture.
- these are seeds of cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet and oats
- cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet and oats
- corn cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, bean, coffee, turnip (eg sugarbeet and fodder beet), peanut, Rapeseed, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), turf and ornamental plants (see also below).
- cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats
- corn and rice are seeds of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats), corn and rice.
- transgenic seed As also described below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the active compounds or agents according to the invention is of particular importance.
- the heterologous gene in transgenic seed may e.g. from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
- this heterologous gene is derived from Bacillus sp., Wherein the gene product has an activity against the European corn borer and / or Western Com Rootworm.
- the heterologous gene is particularly preferably derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.
- the agent according to the invention is applied to the seed alone or in a suitable formulation.
- the seed is treated in a condition that is so stable that no damage occurs during the treatment.
- the treatment of the seed can be done at any time between harvesting and sowing.
- seed is used which has been separated from the plant and freed from flasks, shells, stems, hull, wool or pulp.
- seed may be used which has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of below 15% by weight.
- seed may also be used which, after drying, e.g. treated with water and then dried again.
- the agents according to the invention can be applied directly, ie without containing further components and without being diluted.
- suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to those skilled in the art and are described e.g. in the following documents: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 AI, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186.
- the active compounds which can be used according to the invention can be converted into the customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other seed coating compositions, as well as ULV formulations.
- These formulations are prepared in a known manner by mixing the active ingredients with conventional additives, such as conventional extenders and solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and water.
- Dyes which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all dyes customary for such purposes. Both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes are useful in this case. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1 known dyes.
- Suitable wetting agents which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all wetting-promoting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds.
- Preferably used are alkylnaphthalene sulfonates such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalene sulfonates.
- Suitable dispersants and / or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds.
- Preferably usable are nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants.
- Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are, in particular, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide, block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ethers and their phosphated or sulfated derivatives.
- Suitable anionic dispersants are in particular lignosulfonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulfonate-formaldehyde condensates.
- Defoamers which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds.
- Preferably usable are silicone defoamers and magnesium stearate.
- Preservatives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are dichlo- rophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
- Suitable secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and highly dispersed silicic acid.
- Suitable adhesives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all customary binders which can be used in pickling agents.
- Preferably mentioned are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and Tylose.
- the gibberellins are known (see R. Wegler "Chemie der convinced- und Swdlingsbekungsstoff", Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412).
- the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention can be used either directly or after prior dilution with water for the treatment of seed of various kinds, including seed of transgenic plants. In this case, additional synergistic effects may occur in interaction with the substances formed by expression.
- the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention or the preparations prepared therefrom by the addition of water
- all mixing devices customarily usable for the dressing can be considered.
- the seed is placed in a mixer which adds either desired amount of seed dressing formulations either as such or after prior dilution with water and mixes until evenly distributed the formulation on the seed.
- a drying process follows.
- the active compounds or compositions according to the invention have a strong microbicidal action and can be used to combat unwanted microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
- Fungicides can be used for the control of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytriomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
- Bactericides can be used in crop protection to combat Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
- the fungicidal compositions according to the invention can be used curatively or protectively for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
- the invention therefore also relates to curative and protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi by the use of the active compounds or agents according to the invention, which is applied to the seed, the plant or plant parts, the fruits or the soil in which the plants grow.
- compositions of the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection comprise an effective but non-phytotoxic amount of the active compounds according to the invention.
- Effective but non-phytotoxic amount means an amount of the agent of the invention sufficient to control or completely kill the fungal disease of the plant and at the same time not cause any significant symptoms of phytotoxicity It depends on several factors, for example on the fungus to be controlled, the plant, the climatic conditions and the ingredients of the agents according to the invention.
- the good plant tolerance of the active ingredients in the necessary concentrations for controlling plant diseases allows treatment of aboveground plant parts, of plant and seed, and Soil.
- plants and parts of plants can be treated.
- plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
- Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant breeders' rights.
- Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all aboveground and subterranean parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples of which include leaves, needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and roots, tubers and rhizomes.
- the plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.
- the active compounds according to the invention are suitable for good plant tolerance, favorable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and good environmental compatibility for the protection of plants and plant organs, for increasing crop yields, improving the quality of the harvested crop. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development.
- plants which can be treated according to the invention the following main crops are mentioned: maize, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (eg canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (eg (field) mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, Wheat sugar beet, cane, oats, rye, barley, millet, triti- cale, flax, wine and various fruits and vegetables of various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae sp.
- Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (eg canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (eg (field) mustard) and Brassica carinata
- rice Wheat sugar beet
- cane oats
- rye rye
- millet triti- cale
- flax flax
- wine various fruits and vegetables of various botanical taxa
- pome fruits such as apple and pear, but also drupes such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches and soft fruits such as strawberries
- Ribesioidae sp. Juglandaceae sp.
- Betulaceae sp. Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp. , Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for example, banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp.
- Theaceae sp. for example, coffee
- Theaceae sp. Sterculiceae sp.
- Rutaceae sp. for example, lemons, oranges and grapefruit
- Solanaceae sp. for example, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplants
- Liliaceae sp. Compositae sp.
- lettuce, artichoke and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chicory for example, Umbelliferae sp.
- Umbelliferae sp. for example, carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac
- Cucurbitaceae sp. for example cucumber - including gherkin, squash, watermelon, gourd and melons
- Cruciferae sp. for example, white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage
- Leguminosae sp. for example, peanuts, peas, and beans - such as barley bean and field bean
- Chenopodiaceae sp. for example, Swiss chard, fodder beet, spinach, beetroot), Malvaceae (for example okra), asparagaceae (for example asparagus); Useful plants and ornamental plants in the garden and forest; and each genetically modified species of these plants.
- all plants and their parts can be treated.
- wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and plant cultivars and their parts are treated.
- transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), and parts thereof are treated.
- the term "parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” has been explained above, plants according to the invention being treated according to the invention are in each case commercially available or in use. , which have been bred either by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These may be varieties, breeds, biotypes and genotypes.
- the treatment method of the invention may be used for the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. As plants or seeds are used.
- GMOs genetically modified organisms
- Genetically modified plants are plants in which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into the genome.
- heterologous gene essentially refers to a gene that is provided or assembled outside the plant and that when introduced into the nuclear genome, chloroplast genome or mitochondrial genome imparts new or improved agronomic or other properties to the transformed plant expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or that it downregulates or shuts down another gene present in the plant or other genes present in the plant (for example by means of antisense technology, cosuppression technology or RNAi technology [RNA Interference])
- a heterologous gene present in the genome is also referred to as a transgene
- a transgene defined by its specific presence in the plant genome is referred to as a transformation or transgenic event.
- the treatment according to the invention can also lead to superadditive (“synergistic”) effects.
- the following effects are possible expected effects: reduced rates of application and / or extended spectrum of activity and / or increased efficacy of the active ingredients and compositions which can be used according to the invention, improved plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salt content, increased Flowering, harvest relief, ripening, higher yields, larger fruits, greater plant height, intense green color of the leaf, earlier flowering, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration in the F crops, better shelf life and / or processability of the harvested products.
- the active compounds according to the invention can also exert a strengthening effect on plants. They are therefore suitable for mobilizing the plant defense system against attack by undesirable phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or viruses. This may optionally be one of the reasons for the increased effectiveness of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi.
- Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context should also mean those substances or substance combinations capable of stimulating the plant defense system in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable phytopathogenic fungi, have a considerable degree of resistance to these undesired ones exhibit phytopathogenic fungi.
- the substances according to the invention can therefore be used to protect plants against attack by the mentioned _
- the period of time over which a protective effect is achieved generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active substances.
- Plants and plant varieties which are preferably treated according to the invention include all plants which have genetic material conferring on these plants particularly advantageous, useful features (whether obtained by breeding and / or biotechnology).
- Plants and plant varieties which are also preferably treated according to the invention are resistant to one or more biotic stressors, i. H. These plants have an improved defense against animal and microbial pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids.
- Examples of nematode-resistant plants are e.g. in the following US patent applications: 11 / 765,491, 11 / 765,494, 10 / 926,819, 10 / 782,020, 12 / 032,479, 10 / 783,417, 10 / 782,096, 11 / 657,964, 12 / 192,904, 11 / 396,808, 12 / 166,253, 12 / 166,239, 12 / 166,124, 12 / 166,209, 11 / 762,886, 12 / 364,335, 11 / 763,947, 12 / 252,453, 12 / 209,354, 12 / 491,396 and 12 / 497,221.
- Plants and plant varieties which can also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stress factors.
- Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold and heat conditions, osmotic stress, waterlogging, increased soil salinity, increased exposure to minerals, ozone conditions, high light conditions, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorous nutrients, or avoidance of shade.
- Plants and plant varieties which can also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are characterized by increased yield chats specifically. An increased yield can in these plants z. These include, for example, improved plant physiology, improved plant growth, and improved plant development, such as water efficiency, water retention, improved nitrogen utilization, increased carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, enhanced germination, and accelerated maturation.
- Yield can be further influenced by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including early flowering, control of flowering for hybrid seed production, seedling growth, plant size, internode count and spacing, root growth, seed size, Fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, number of seeds per pod or ear, seed mass, increased seed filling, reduced seed drop, reduced pod popping and stability.
- plant architecture under stress and non-stress conditions
- Other yield-related traits include seed composition such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and oil composition, nutritional value, reduction in nontoxic compounds, improved processability, and improved shelf life.
- Plants which can be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants which already express the properties of the heterosis or the hybrid effect, which generally leads to higher yield, higher vigor, better health and better resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Such plants are typically produced by cultivating an inbred male sterile parental line (the female "
- Crossing partner with another inbred male fertile parent line (the male crossover partner).
- the hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to propagators.
- Pollen sterile plants can sometimes be produced (e.g., in maize) by delaving (i.e., mechanically removing the male genitalia (s)); however, it is more common for male sterility to be due to genetic determinants in the plant genome. In this case, especially when the desired product, as one wants to harvest from the hybrid plants, is the seeds, it is usually beneficial to ensure that the pollen fertility in hybrid plants containing the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility , completely restored.
- Genetic determinants of pollen sterility may be localized in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been described, for example, for Brassica species. However, genetic determinants of pollen sterility may also be localized in the nuclear genome. Pollen sterile plants can also be obtained using plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering. A particularly convenient means of producing male-sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396, wherein, for example, a ribonuclease such as a barnase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. The fertility can then be restorated by expression of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar in the tapetum cells.
- Plants or plant varieties obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering which can be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i. H. Plants tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such herbicide tolerance.
- Herbicide-tolerant plants are, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants, ie plants that have been tolerated to the herbicide glyphosate or its salts. Plants can be made tolerant to glyphosate by various methods. Thus, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Barry et al., 1992, Curr.
- EPSPS 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
- herbicidally resistant plants are, for example, plants which have been tolerated against herbicides which inhibit the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinotricin or glufosinate.
- Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme which detoxifies the herbicide or a mutant of the enzyme glutamine synthase, which is resistant to inhibition.
- an effective detoxifying enzyme is, for example, an enzyme encoding a phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinotricin acetyltransferase have been described.
- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase HPPD
- HPPD hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
- the hydroxyphenylpyruvate di- oxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is converted to homogenate.
- Plants tolerant to HPPD inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme or a gene encoding a mutant or chimeric HPPD enzyme, as in WO 96/38567 , WO 99/24585, WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387 or US 6,768,044.
- Tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be achieved by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes that allow the formation of homogentisate despite inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor. Such plants are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787.
- the tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants, in addition to a gene coding for an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, with a gene coding for a prephenate dehydrogenase enzyme, as in WO 2004 / 024928.
- plants can be made even more tolerant to HPPD inhibitors by incorporating into their genome a gene encoding an enzyme which metabolizes or degrades HPPD inhibitor, such as e.g.
- CYP450 enzymes see WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.
- Other herbicide-resistant plants are plants that have been tolerated to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors.
- ALS inhibitors include sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyloxy (thio) benzoates and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides.
- ALS also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS
- AHAS acetohydroxy acid synthase
- the preparation of sulfonylurea tolerant plants and imidazolinone tolerant plants is described.
- Other sulfonylurea and imidazolinone- tolerant plants are also described.
- plants which are tolerant to imidazolinone and / or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding (cf., for example, for soybean US 5,084,082, for rice WO 97/41218, for sugar beet US 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for salad US 5,198,599 or for sunflower WO 01/065922).
- mutation breeding cf., for example, for soybean US 5,084,082, for rice WO 97/41218, for sugar beet US 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for salad US 5,198,599 or for sunflower WO 01/065922.
- Plants or plant varieties obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which can also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i. Plants that have been made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such insect resistance.
- insect-resistant transgenic plant includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:
- an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticide part thereof such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) in the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature, online at: https://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk Home / Neil_Crickmore / Bt /), or insecticidal parts thereof, e.g.
- Cry protein class proteins CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylB, CrylC, CrylD, CrylF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb, or insecticidal portions thereof (eg, EP-A 1999141 and WO 2007/107302), or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes as in US Patent Application 12 / 249,016; or
- a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second, other crystal protein than Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof such as the binary toxin consisting of the crystal proteins Cy34 and Cy35 (Nat. Biotechnol. 19, 668-72, Applied Environment Microbiol., 2006, 71, 1765-1774) or the binary toxin consisting of the CrylA or CrylF proteins and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Application 12 / 214,022 and EP08010791.5 ); or
- an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising parts of two different insecticides of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g. The protein CrylA.105 produced by the corn event MON98034 (WO 2007/027777); or
- VIPs vegetative insecticidal proteins
- a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which acts in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus insecticide, such as the binary toxin consisting of the proteins VTP1A and VIP2A (WO 94 / 21795); or
- an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising parts of various secreted proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above; or
- a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus that is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin derived from the proteins VIP3 and CrylA or
- CrylF exists (US Patent Applications 61/126083 and 61/195019), or the binary toxin consisting of the VIP3 protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Application 12 / 214,022 and EP 08010791.5); or
- insect-resistant transgenic plants in the present context also include any plant comprising a combination of genes coding for the proteins of any of the above-mentioned classes 1 to 10.
- an insect resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above 1 to 10 in order to extend the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species or to delay the development of resistance of the insects to the plants by use different proteins which are insecticidal for the same target insect species, but have a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
- An "insect-resistant transgenic plant” as used herein further includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a sequence for producing a double-stranded RNA which prevents the growth of that pest after ingestion by an insect pest.
- Plants or plant varieties obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are tolerant to abiotic stressors. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such stress resistance. Particularly useful plants with stress tolerance include the following:
- Plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the gene for the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the plant cells or plants.
- PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- Plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene encoding a plant functional enzyme of the nicotimmide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthetic pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.
- nicotimmide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthetic pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosy
- Plants or plant varieties obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which can also be treated according to the invention have a changed amount, quality and / or storability of the harvested product and / or altered characteristics of certain components of the harvested product, such as:
- Transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch with respect to their physicochemical properties, in particular the amylose content or the amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the distribution of the side chains, the viscosity behavior, the gel strength, the starch grain size and / or starch comorphology as compared to the synthesized starch in wild-type plant cells or plants, so that this modified starch is better suited for certain applications.
- physicochemical properties in particular the amylose content or the amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the distribution of the side chains, the viscosity behavior, the gel strength, the starch grain size and / or starch comorphology as compared to the synthesized starch in wild-type plant cells or plants, so that this modified starch is better suited for certain applications.
- Transgenic plants that synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers or non-starch carbohydrate polymers whose properties are altered compared to wild-type plants without genetic modification. Examples are plants that produce polyfructose, particularly of the inulin and levan type, plants that produce alpha-1,4-glucans, plants that produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans, and plants that produce Produce alcohol.
- Transgenic plants or hybrid plants such as onions with certain properties such as "high soluble solids content", low pungency (LP) and / or long storage (LS)
- Plants or plant varieties obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention are plants such as cotton plants with altered fiber properties Contain mutation conferring such altered fiber properties, which include:
- plants such as cotton plants containing an altered form of cellulose synthase genes; b) plants such as cotton plants containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids, such as cotton plants having increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase;
- plants such as cotton plants with increased expression of sucrose synthase
- plants such as cotton plants with modified reactivity fibers, e.g.
- N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene including nodC, and chitin synthase genes.
- Plants or plant varieties obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as oilseed rape or related Brasica plants with altered oil composition properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such altered oil properties; these include:
- oilseed rape plants which produce oil of high oleic acid content
- ⁇ b plants such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil with a low linolenic acid content.
- plants such as rape plants that produce oil with a low saturated fatty acid content.
- Plants or plant varieties (which can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as potatoes which are virus-resistant, e.g. against the potato virus Y (Event SY230 and SY233 from Tecnoplant, Argentina), which are resistant to diseases such as potato late blight (eg RB gene), or which show a decreased cold-induced sweetness (which the genes Nt-Inh, ⁇ -INV) or which show the dwarf phenotype (gene A-20 oxidase).
- viruses which are virus-resistant, e.g. against the potato virus Y (Event SY230 and SY233 from Tecnoplant, Argentina), which are resistant to diseases such as potato late blight (eg RB gene), or which show a decreased cold-induced sweetness (which the genes Nt-Inh, ⁇ -INV) or which show the dwarf phenotype (gene A-20 oxidase).
- Plants or plant varieties which have been obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as oilseed rape or related Brasica plants with altered seed shattering properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such altered properties, and include plants such as oilseed rape with delayed or reduced seed failure.
- transgenic plants that can be treated according to the present invention are plants with transformation events or combinations of transformation events which have been the subject of issued orphaned in the USA by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pending petitions for non-regulated status.
- APIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
- USA United States Department of Agriculture
- Information is available at any time from APHIS (4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737, USA), e.g. via the website https://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html.
- APHIS had either received or pending the petition with the following information:
- Transgenic phenotype the trait conferred on the plant by the transformation event.
- Trans formationevent or line the name of the event or events (sometimes referred to as line (s)) for which the unregulated status is requested.
- APHIS Documente various documents that may be published by APHIS regarding the petition or may be obtained from APHIS upon request.
- transgenic plants which can be treated according to the invention are plants with one or more genes coding for one or more toxins, the transgenic plants offered under the following commercial names: YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soybean NEN), KnockOut® (for example maize), BiteGard® (for example maize), BT-Xtra® (for example corn), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) , Nucotn 33B® (cotton), NaturalGard® (for example corn), Protecta® and NewLeaf® (potato).
- YIELD GARD® for example maize, cotton, soybean NEN
- KnockOut® for example maize
- BiteGard® for example maize
- BT-Xtra® for example corn
- StarLink® for example maize
- Bollgard® cotton
- Nucotn® cotton
- Nucotn 33B® cotton
- NaturalGard® for example corn
- Herbicide-tolerant crops to be mentioned are, for example, corn, cotton and soybean varieties sold under the following trade names: Roundup Ready® (glyphosate tolerance, for example corn, cotton, soybean), Liberty Link® (phosphinotricin tolerance, for example Oilseed rape), ⁇ ® (imidazolinone tolerance) and SCS® (Sylfonylureas tolerance), for example maize.
- Herbicide-resistant plants (plants traditionally grown for herbicide tolerance) to be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example corn).
- the active compounds or compositions according to the invention can also be used in the protection of materials for the protection of industrial materials against infestation and destruction by undesired microorganisms, such as fungi and insects.
- the compounds according to the invention can be used alone or in combinations with other active substances as antifouling agents.
- Technical materials as used herein mean non-living materials that have been prepared for use in the art.
- engineering materials to be protected from microbial change or destruction by the active compounds of the present invention may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallboard and board, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, paints and plastics, coolants, and other materials used by Microorganisms can be attacked or decomposed.
- parts of production plants and buildings e.g. Cooling water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air conditioning systems, which may be affected by the proliferation of microorganisms.
- technical materials which may be mentioned are preferably adhesives, glues, papers and cartons, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, particularly preferably wood.
- the active compounds or compositions according to the invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, deterioration, decomposition, discoloration or mold.
- the compounds of the invention for protection against fouling of objects in particular of hulls, screens, nets, structures, quays and signal systems, which come in contact with seawater or brackish water, can be used.
- the inventive method for controlling unwanted fungi can also be used for the protection of so-called storage goods.
- Storage Goods natural substances are plant- _
- Storage goods of plant origin such as Plants or parts of plants, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, can be protected when freshly harvested or after being processed by (pre) drying, wetting, crushing, grinding, pressing or roasting.
- Storage goods also include timber, be it unprocessed, such as timber, power poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture.
- Storage goods of animal origin include, for example, skins, leather, furs and hair.
- the active compounds according to the invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, deterioration, decomposition, discoloration or mold.
- Blumeria species such as Blumeria graminis
- Podosphaera species such as Podosphaera leucotricha
- Sphaerotheca species such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea
- Uncinula species such as Uncinula necator
- Gymnosporangium species such as, for example, Gymnosporangium sabinae
- Hemileia species such as Hemileia vastatrix
- Phakopsora species such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae
- Puccinia species such as Puccinia recondita or Puccinia triticina
- Uromyces species such as Uromyces appendiculatus
- Bremia species such as Bremia lactucae
- Peronospora species such as Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae
- Phytophthora species such as Phytophthora infestans
- Plasmopara species such as Plasmopara viticola
- Pseudoperonospora species such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis
- Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum
- Phaeosphaeria species such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum
- Pyrenophora species such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres
- Ramularia species such as Ramularia collo-cygni
- Rhynchosporium species such as Rhynchosporium secalis
- Septoria species such as Septoria apii
- Typhula species such as Typhula incarnata
- Venturia species such as Venturia inaequalis
- Ear and panicle diseases caused by e.g. Alternaria species, such as Alternaria spp .; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Septoria species such as Septoria nodorum; Diseases caused by fire fungi, e.g.
- Alternaria species such as Alternaria spp .
- Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus flavus
- Cladosporium species such as Cladosporium cladosporioides
- Claviceps species such as Claviceps purpurea
- Fusarium species such as Fusarium
- Sphacelotheca species such as Sphacelotheca reiliana
- Tilletia species such as Tilletia caries, T. controversa
- Urocystis species such as U rocystis occulta
- Ustilago species such as Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici
- Verticilium species such as Verticilium alboatrum
- Nectria species such as Nectria galligena
- Botrytis species such as Botrytis cinerea
- Diseases of plant tubers caused by e.g. Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani
- Helminthosporium species such as Helminthosporium solani
- Xanthomonas species such as Xantomonas campestris pv. Oryzae
- Pseudomonas species such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans
- Erwinia species such as Erwinia amylovora
- the following diseases of soybean beans can be controlled:
- Fungus diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused by, for example, Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. Atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var.
- Phytophthora red (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Red (Phialophora gregata), Pythium Red (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregular , Pythium de- baryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Red, Stem Decay, and Damping Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Red (Thielaviopsis basicola).
- microorganisms that can cause degradation or a change in the technical materials, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and mucus organisms may be mentioned.
- the active compounds according to the invention preferably act against fungi, in particular molds, wood-discolouring and wood-destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and against slime organisms and algae.
- microorganisms of the following genera Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium, like Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, like Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, like Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillin, such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus.
- Alternaria such as Alternaria tenuis
- Aspergillus such as Asperg
- the active compounds according to the invention also have very good antifungal effects. They have a very broad antimycotic spectrum of activity, in particular against dermatophytes and yeasts, mold and diphasic fungi (for example against Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) as well as Epidemermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus furnigatus, Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii.
- Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata
- Epidemermophyton floccosum Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus furnigatus
- Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes
- Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii.
- the list of these fungi is by no means a
- the active compounds according to the invention can therefore be used both in medical and in non-medical applications.
- the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the mode of administration.
- the application rate of the active compounds according to the invention is
- leaves from 0.1 to 10,000 g / ha, preferably from 10 to 1,000 g / ha, particularly preferably from 50 to 300 g / ha (when applied by pouring or drop, the application rate may even be reduced, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used);
- seed treatment from 2 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 3 to 150 g per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seed, most preferably from 2.5 to 12, 5 g per 100 kg of seed;
- the active compounds or compositions according to the invention can therefore be used to protect plants within a certain period of time after the treatment against attack by the mentioned pathogens.
- the period within which protection is induced generally extends to 1 to 28 days, preferably to 1 to 14 days, more preferably to 1 to 10 days, most preferably to 1 to 7 days after the treatment of the plants with the active substances or up to 200 days after seed treatment.
- mycotoxins include: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2 and HT2 toxin, fumonisins, zearalenone, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS) , Beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins, which may be caused, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., Such as Fusarium acuminatum, F.
- the compounds according to the invention may also be used in certain concentrations or application rates as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents for improving plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including anti-viral agents) or as anti-MLO agents ( Mycoplasma-like-organism) and RLO (Rickettsia-like-organism). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of further active ingredients.
- the active compounds according to the invention intervene in the metabolism of the plants and can therefore also be used as growth regulators.
- Plant growth regulators can exert various effects on plants.
- the effects of the substances depend essentially on the time of application, based on the stage of development of the plant and on the amounts of active substance applied to the plants or their surroundings and on the mode of administration. In any case, growth regulators are intended to influence crops in some desired manner.
- Plant growth-regulating substances can be used, for example, for inhibiting the vegetative growth of the plants. Such growth inhibition is among others of grasses of economic interest, ""
- An inhibition of vegetative growth allows for many crops a denser planting, so that multi-carrier can be achieved based on the floor area.
- An advantage of the smaller plants thus obtained is that the culture can be more easily processed and harvested.
- An inhibition of the vegetative growth of the plants can also lead to increased yields that the nutrients and assimilates benefit the flower and fruit formation to a greater extent than the vegetative plant parts.
- Growth regulators can often be used to promote vegetative growth. This is of great benefit when harvesting the vegetative plant parts. At the same time, promotion of vegetative growth can also promote generative growth by producing more asila- lates so that more or more fruits are produced.
- Yield increases can in some cases be achieved through an intervention in the plant metabolism, without any noticeable changes in vegetative growth.
- a change in the composition of the plants can be achieved, which in turn can lead to an improvement in the quality of the harvested products.
- the degradation of desirable ingredients such.
- Sugar in sugar beet or cane with growth regulators before or after harvesting.
- the production or the discharge of secondary plant ingredients can be positively influenced.
- An example is the stimulation of latex flow in gum trees. Under the influence of growth regulators, parthenocarp fruits may develop. Finer the sex of the flowers can be influenced.
- a sterility of the pollen can be produced, which has a great importance in the breeding and production of hybrid seed.
- the branching of the plants can be controlled.
- the development of lateral shoots can be promoted by breaking the apicoid dominance, which can be very desirable, especially in ornamental plant production, also in connection with growth inhibition.
- the foliage of the plants can be controlled so that a defoliation of the plants is achieved at a desired time.
- Such defoliation plays a major role in the mechanical harvesting of cotton but is also important in other crops such as e.g. in viticulture to facilitate the harvest of interest.
- Defoliation of the plants may also be done to reduce the transpiration of the plants before transplanting.
- Growth regulators can also be used to accelerate or retard the ripeness of the crop before or after harvesting. This is of particular advantage, because this can bring about an optimal adaptation to the needs of the market. In addition, growth regulators may in some cases improve the color of the fruit. In addition, with growth regulators, a temporal concentration of maturity can be achieved. This creates the conditions for e.g. in the case of tobacco, tomatoes or coffee a complete mechanical or manual harvesting can be carried out in one operation.
- the seed or bud rest of the plants can be influenced so that the plants, such as e.g. Pineapples or ornamental plants in nurseries to germinate, sprout or flower at a time when they normally do not show any willingness to do so. Delaying bud sprouting or seed germination using growth regulators may be desirable in areas prone to frost to prevent damage from late frosts.
- growth regulators can induce plant resistance to frost, dryness or high soil salinity. This makes it possible to cultivate plants in areas that are normally unsuitable for this purpose.
- the plants listed can be treated particularly advantageously according to the invention with the compounds of the general formula (I) the agents according to the invention.
- the preferred ranges given above for the active compounds or agents also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particularly emphasized is the plant treatment with the compounds or agents specifically mentioned in the present text.
- Table 1 illustrates, in a nonlimiting manner, examples of compounds of the invention.
- the calibration was carried out with unbranched alkanones (having 3 to 16 carbon atoms) whose logP values are known (determination of the logP values by means of the retention times by linear interpolation between consecutive alkanones).
- the lambda-maX values were determined on the basis of the UV spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm in the maxima of the chromatographic signals.
- NMR data of selected examples are listed either in classical form ( ⁇ values, number of H atoms, multiplet splitting) or as NMR peak lists.
- the peak list of an example therefore has the form: ⁇ (intensity i); 82 (intensity2); ; ⁇ ; (Intensity; ⁇ ⁇ (intensity n )
- the intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed example of an NMR spectrum in cm and shows the true ratios of the signal intensities. For wide signals can ⁇ several peaks or the center of the signal and their relative intensity compared to the most intense signal in the spectrum are shown.
- the peaks of stereoisomers of the target compounds and / or peaks of impurities usually have on average a lower intensity than the peaks of the target compounds (for example with a purity of> 90%).
- Such stereoisomers and / or impurities may be typical of the particular preparation process. Their peaks can thus help to identify the reproduction of our manufacturing process through "by-product fingerprints.”
- An expert calculating the peaks of the target compounds by known methods can isolate the peaks of the target compounds as needed, using additional intensity filters if necessary. This isolation would be similar to peak picking in classical 1H NMR interpretation.
- Example A Alternaria test (tomato) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young tomato plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate.
- the plants are inoculated with a spore suspension of Alternaria solani and then stand for 24 h at 100% relative humidity and 22 ° C.
- the plants are at 96% relative humidity and a temperature of 20 ° C. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place.
- 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example B Sphaerotheca test (cucumber) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young cucumber plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate.
- the plants are inoculated with a spore suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
- the plants are placed in a greenhouse at 70% relative humidity and a temperature of 23 ° C. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place.
- 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example C Pyricularia test (rice) / protective
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young rice plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate.
- the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae and then left for 48 h at 100% relative humidity and 24 ° C.
- the plants are placed in a greenhouse at 80% relative humidity and a temperature of 24 ° C. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place.
- 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example D Venturia test (apple) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous conidia suspension of the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis and then remain in an incubation cabin for 1 day at about 20 ° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity. The plants are then placed in the greenhouse at about 21 ° C and a relative humidity of about 90%. 10 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example E Uromyces test (bean) / protective Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of the bean rust pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus and then remain for 1 day at about 20 ° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity in an incubation booth. The plants are then placed in the greenhouse at about 21 ° C and a relative humidity of about 90%.
- Example F Phakopsora test (soybean) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of the soybean seed pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi and then remain in the dark for 24 h in an incubation cabin at about 24 ° C. and about 95% relative humidity. The further incubation is carried out at about 24 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80% in a day / night rhythm of 12 h light / 12 h darkness. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example G Blumeria graminis test (barley) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried, the plants are planted with spores of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei pollinated. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 18 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example H Leptosphaeria nodorum test (wheat) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Leptosphaeria nodorum. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin.
- the plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 22 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%. 8 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
- Example I Septoria tritici test (wheat) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Septoria tritici. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. Thereafter, the plants are placed under a transparent hood at 15 ° C and 100% relative humidity for another 60 hours. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 15 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. 21 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example K Pyrenophora teres test (barley) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%. 8 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example L Puccinia triticina test (wheat) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Puccinia triticina. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%. 8 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example M Fusarium nivale (var.majus) test (wheat) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Fusarium nivale (var.majus).
- the plants are placed in a greenhouse chamber under a translucent incubation hood at 10 ° C and 100% relative humidity. 5 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example N Fusarium graminearurn test (barley) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum. The plants are placed in a greenhouse chamber under a translucent incubation hood at 22 ° C and 100% relative humidity. 5 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example O Preventive in vivo test with Alternaria brassicae (leaf spot on radishes)
- the tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
- Radish plants (variety "Pernod Clair") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolanic substrate and cultured at 17 ° C are treated at the 2-leaf stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Alternaria brassicae spores.
- the inoculated radish plants are incubated at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100%.
- the evaluation takes place 5 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example P Preventive in vivo test with Botrytis cinerea (gray mold)
- the tested active ingredients are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired active ingredient concentration.
- Cucumber plants (variety "Vert petit de Paris") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 24 ° C are treated in the ZI 1-cotyledon stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the cotyledons with an aqueous suspension of cryopreserved Botrytis cinerea spores.
- the inoculated cucumber plants are incubated at 17 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%.
- the evaluation takes place 4-5 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example Q Preventive in vivo test with Phytophthora infestans (cabbage and brown rot of tomatoes)
- the tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
- Tomato plants ("Rentita" variety) seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 20-25 ° C are treated by spraying with the drug prepared as described above at the Z12 leaf stage. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Phytophthora infestans spores.
- the inoculated tomato plants are incubated at 16-18 ° C under a humid atmosphere.
- the evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 5 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example R Preventive in vivo test with Pyrenophora teres (net blotch on barley)
- the tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
- Barley plants (variety "Plaisant"), seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultivated at 22 ° C (12 h) / 20 ° C (12 h), are grown in the 1-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Pyrenophora teres spores. The inoculated barley plants are incubated for 48 hours at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 12 days at a relative humidity of 80%.
- the evaluation takes place 12 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example S Preventive in vivo test with Pyricularia oryzae (rice blast)
- the tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration. ⁇
- Rice plants (variety "Koshihikari") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 25 ° C are treated in the 2-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Pyricularia oryzae spores.
- the inoculated rice plants are incubated at 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%.
- the evaluation takes place 6 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example T Preventive in vivo test with Puccinia recondita (brown rust on wheat)
- the tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
- Wheat plants (“Scipion” variety), seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 22 ° C (12 h) / 20 ° C (12 h), are grown in the 1-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Puccinia recondita spores.
- the inoculated wheat plants are incubated for 24 hours at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 10 days at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 70%.
- the evaluation takes place 10 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example U Preventive in vivo test with Septoria tritici (leaf spot disease on wheat)
- the tested active ingredients are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired active ingredient concentration.
- Wheat plants (“Scipion” variety), seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 22 ° C (12 h) / 20 ° C (12 h), are grown in the 1-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of cryopreserved Septoria tritici spores. The inoculated wheat plants are incubated for 72 hours at 18 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 21 to 28 days at a relative humidity of 90%.
- the evaluation takes place 21 to 28 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example V Preventive in vivo test with Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew on cucumber)
- the tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
- Cucumber plants (variety "Vert petit de Paris") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 24 ° C are treated in the ZI 1-cotyledon stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the cotyledons with an aqueous suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea spores.
- the inoculated cucumber plants are incubated at about 20 ° C / 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60/70%.
- the evaluation takes place 12 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Example W Preventive in vivo test with Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust)
- the tested active ingredients are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired active ingredient concentration.
- Bean plants (variety "Saxa") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 24 ° C are treated in the 2-leaf stage (height 9 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above , Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
- the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Uromyces appendiculatus spores.
- the inoculated bean plants are incubated for 24 hours at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 10 days at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 70%.
- the evaluation takes place 10 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed. ⁇
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- Example Y Uromyces test (beans) / protective
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- 0% means an efficiency that corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
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Abstract
The invention relates to novel 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives, to a method for producing said compounds, to agents containing said compounds, and to the use thereof as biologically active compounds, in particular for fighting harmful microorganisms in plant protection, in material protection, and as plant growth regulators.
Description
2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft neue 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate, Verfahren zum Herstellen dieser Verbindungen, Mittel enthaltend diese Verbindungen, sowie deren Verwendung als biologisch aktive Verbindungen, insbesondere zur Bekämpfung von schädlichen Mikroorganismen im Pflanzenschutz und im Materialschutz und als Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren. The present invention relates to novel 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives, processes for preparing these compounds, compositions containing these compounds, and their use as biologically active compounds, in particular for controlling harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials and as plant growth regulators.
Es ist bereits bekannt, dass bestimmte 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate als Fungizide im Pflanzenschutz oder als An- timykotika gegen Dermatophyten eingesetzt werden können (vgl. WO 87/06430; J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2609-2625; Biopolymers 1997, 43, 43-71). Daneben sind andere in 2-Position durch Halogen substituierte Imidazol-Derivate als Pestizide bekannt (vgl. EP-A 0 412 849). It is already known that certain 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives can be used as fungicides in crop protection or as antimycotics against dermatophytes (see WO 87/06430, J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2609-2625; Biopolymers 1997, 43, 43-71). In addition, other substituted in the 2-position by halogen imidazole derivatives as pesticides are known (see, EP-A 0 412 849).
Da sich die ökologischen und ökonomischen Anforderungen an moderne Wirkstoffe, z.B. Fungizide, laufend erhöhen, beispielsweise bezüglich Wirkspektrum, Toxizität, Selektivität, Aufwandmenge, Rückstandsbildung und günstige Herstellbarkeit, und außerdem z.B. Probleme mit Resistenzen auftreten können, besteht die ständige Notwendigkeit, neue fungizide Mittel zu entwickeln, die zumindest in Teilbereichen Vorteile gegenüber den bekannten aufweisen. Since the ecological and economic requirements of modern drugs, e.g. Fungicides, continuously increase, for example, in terms of spectrum of activity, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, residue formation and favorable manufacturability, and also, for. Problems with resistances may occur, there is a constant need to develop new fungicidal agents that have at least in some areas advantages over the known.
Es wurden nun neue 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel I)
There have now been new 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula I)
gefunden, in welcher found in which
X für OR1, CN oder Wasserstoff steht, X is OR 1 , CN or hydrogen,
Y für O, S, SO, S02, -CH2- oder eine direkte Bindung steht, Y is O, S, SO, S0 2 , -CH 2 - or a direct bond,
m für 0 oder 1 steht, m is 0 or 1,
n für 0 oder 1 steht, n is 0 or 1,
R für jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl, Alkenyl, Alkinyl, Cycloalkyl oder Aryl steht, R is in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or aryl,
R1 für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkylcarbonyl oder Trialkylsilyl steht, R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl or trialkylsilyl,
R2 für Wasserstoff, Halogen oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl steht, R 2 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl,
R3 für Wasserstoff, Halogen oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl steht, R 3 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl,
R2 und R3 außerdem gemeinsam für gegebenenfalls substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen stehen können, R 2 and R 3 may also together represent optionally substituted C 2 -C 8 -alkylene,
R und R2 außerdem gemeinsam für gegebenenfalls substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen stehen können, R and R 2 may also together represent optionally substituted C 2 -C 8 -alkylene,
R und R1 außerdem gemeinsam für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Alkyl oder Halogenalkyl substituiertes Ci-C i-Alkylen oder Ci-C i-Alkylenoxy stehen können, wobei der Sauerstoff dieser Gruppe mit R verbunden ist, sodass ein gegebenenfalls substituierter Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-, l,3-Dioxetan-2-yl-, 1,3- Dioxolan-2-yl, l,3-Dioxan-2-yl oder l,3-Dioxepan-2-yl-Ring entsteht, R and R 1 may also together be in each case optionally substituted by halogen, alkyl or halogenoalkyl-substituted Ci-C i-alkylene or Ci-C i-Alkylenoxy, wherein the oxygen of this group is connected to R, so that an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran-2 yl, l, 3-dioxetan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, l, 3-dioxan-2-yl or l, 3-dioxepan-2-yl ring is formed,
R1 und R2 außerdem für eine direkte Bindung stehen können, wenn n für 1 steht, R 1 and R 2 may also be a direct bond when n is 1,
Y und R3 außerdem gemeinsam eine Doppelbindung bilden können, wenn m und n gleichzeitig für 1 stehen,
A für gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl sowie gegebenenfalls substituiertes Heteroaryl steht, Y and R 3 may also together form a double bond when m and n are simultaneously 1, A represents optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl,
sowie deren agrochemisch wirksamen Salze. and their agrochemically active salts.
Die erhältlichen Salze weisen ebenfalls fungizide und/oder pflanzenwachstumsregulatorische Eigenschaften auf. The available salts also have fungicidal and / or plant growth regulatory properties.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren heterocyclischen thiosubstituierten Alkanol-Derivate sind durch die Formel (I) allgemein definiert. Bevorzugte Restedefinitionen der vorstehenden und nachfolgend genannten Formeln sind im Folgenden angegeben. Diese Definitionen gelten für die Endprodukte der Formel (I) wie für alle Zwischenprodukte (siehe auch unten unter„Erläuterungen der Verfahren und Zwischenprodukte) gleichermaßen. The heterocyclic thio-substituted alkanol derivatives which can be used in accordance with the invention are generally defined by the formula (I). Preferred radical definitions of the above and below formulas are given below. These definitions apply equally to the end products of formula (I) as well as to all intermediates (see also below under "Explanatory Notes on Processes and Intermediates").
X steht bevorzugt für OR1. X is preferably OR 1 .
Y steht bevorzugt für O. Y is preferably O.
Y steht ebenfalls bevorzugt für -CH2-. Y is also preferably -CH 2 -.
Y steht ebenfalls bevorzugt für eine direkte Bindung. Y is also preferably a direct bond.
Y steht ebenfalls bevorzugt für S oder SO2. Y is also preferably S or SO2.
Y steht besonders bevorzugt für Sauerstoff. Y is particularly preferably oxygen.
Y steht ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt für CH2. Y is also particularly preferably CH2.
Y steht ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt für eine direkte Bindung. m steht bevorzugt für 0. Y is also particularly preferably a direct bond. m is preferably 0.
m steht ebenfalls bevorzugt für 1. n steht bevorzugt für 0. m is also preferably 1. n is preferably 0.
n steht ebenfalls bevorzugt für 1. n is also preferably 1.
R steht bevorzugt für jeweils gegebenenfalls verzweigtes C3-C7-Alkyl, Ci-Cs-Halogenalkyl, C2-C7- Alkenyl, C2-C7-Halogenalkenyl, C2-C7-Alkinyl, C2-C7-Halogenalkinyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, Ci- C4-Halogenalkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, Tri(Ci-C3-alkyl)silyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, für jeweils im Cycloalkylteil gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C i-Alkyl, Ci-C i-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C i-Alkoxy, Ci-C i-Halogenalkoxy, C1-C4- Halogenalkylthio, Ci-C4-Alkylthio oder Phenoxy (welches wiederum durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiert sein kann) substituiertes C3-C7-Cycloalkyl oder C3-C7-Cycloalkyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, sowie für gegebenenfalls einfach bis dreifach durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl. R preferably represents in each case optionally branched C3-C7-alkyl, Ci-Cs-haloalkyl, C2-C7 alkenyl, C 2 -C 7 haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 7 alkynyl, C 2 -C 7 haloalkynyl, C C4-alkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, tri (Ci-C3-alkyl) silyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, in each case in the cycloalkyl moiety optionally by halogen, Ci-C i-alkyl, Ci-C i-haloalkyl, Ci-C i-alkoxy, Ci-C i -haloalkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkylthio, Ci-C4-alkylthio or phenoxy (which in turn is substituted by halogen or Ci-C4-alkyl may be) substituted C3-C7-cycloalkyl or C3-C7-cycloalkyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, as well as optionally monosubstituted to trisubstituted by halogen or Ci-C4-alkyl phenyl.
R steht besonders bevorzugt für jeweils gegebenenfalls verzweigtes C3-C6-Alkyl, Ci-C6-Halogenalkyl, C3-C5- Alkenyl, C3-C5-Halogenalkenyl, C3-C5-Alkinyl, C3-C5-Halogenalkinyl, Ci-C3-Alkoxy-G-C2-alkyl, C1-C3- Halogenalkoxy-Ci-C2-alkyl, Tri(Ci-C2-alkyl)silyl-Ci-C2-alkyl, für jeweils im Cycloalkylteil gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkoxy, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenal- kylthio, Ci-C4-Alkylthio oder Phenoxy (welches wiederum durch Fluor, Chlor, Brom oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiert sein kann) substituiertes C3-C6-Cycloalkyl oder C3-C6-Cycloalkyl-Ci-C2-alkyl, sowie für gegebenenfalls einfach bis dreifach durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl. R particularly preferably represents in each case optionally branched C3-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, C3-C5 alkenyl, C3-C5 haloalkenyl, C3-C5 alkynyl, C3-C5 haloalkynyl, Ci-C3 Alkoxy-GC 2- alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, tri (C 1 -C 2 -alkyl) -silyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, in each case in the cycloalkyl part, where appropriate by halogen, C 4 alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C 4 alkylthio -Halogenal-, Ci-C 4 alkylthio or phenoxy (which, in turn, by fluorine, chlorine , Bromine or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl may be substituted) substituted C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, as well as optionally monosubstituted to trisubstituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl-substituted phenyl ,
R steht ganz besonders bevorzugt für tert-Butyl, Isopropyl, 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorethoxymethyl, Trimethyl- silylmethyl, 1-Chlorcyclopropyl, 1-Fluorcyclopropyl, 1-Methylcyclopropyl, 1-Methoxycyclopropyl, 1-
Methylthiocyclopropyl, 1 -Trifluormethylcyclopropyl, 1 -Phenoxycyclopropyl, 1 -(2-Chlorphenoxy)cyclo- propyl, l-(2-Fluoφhenoxy)cyclopropyl, l-(4-Fluoφhenoxy)cyclopropyl, l-(2,4-DifoK^henoxy)cyclo- propyl, (3£)-4-Chlor-2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Cyclopropylmethyl, 1-Cyclopropyl- ethyl, 2-Cyclopropylethyl, l-Fluoφhenyl, 4-Chlor-2-fluoφhenyl, 2,4-Difluoφhenyl. R very particularly preferably represents tert-butyl, isopropyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxymethyl, trimethylsilylmethyl, 1-chlorocyclopropyl, 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 1-methoxycyclopropyl, 1 Methylthiocyclopropyl, 1-trifluoromethylcyclopropyl, 1-phenoxycyclopropyl, 1- (2-chlorophenoxy) cyclopropyl, 1- (2-fluoro-phenoxy) -cyclopropyl, 1- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -cyclopropyl, 1- (2,4-difoxybenzoxy) cyclopropyl, (3E) -4-chloro-2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl, 1-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro -2-fluoro-phenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl.
R1 steht bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, (Ci-C3-Alkyl)carbonyl, (Ci-C3-Halogenalkyl)carbonyl oder Tri(Ci-C3- alkyl)-silyl. R 1 preferably represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) carbonyl, (C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl) carbonyl or tri (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) silyl.
R1 steht besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, Methylcarbonyl oder Trimethylsilyl. R 1 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, methylcarbonyl or trimethylsilyl.
R1 steht ganz besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff. R 1 very particularly preferably represents hydrogen.
R2 steht bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Ci-C i-Alkyl oder Ci-C i-Halogenalkyl. R 2 is preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, Ci-C i-alkyl or Ci-C i -haloalkyl.
R2 steht besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Methyl, Ethyl oder Trifluormethyl. R 2 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.
R2 steht ganz besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff oder Methyl. R 2 is very particularly preferably hydrogen or methyl.
R3 steht bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Ci-C/i-Alkyl oder Ci-C i-Halogenalkyl. R 3 is preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, Ci-C / i-alkyl or Ci-C i -haloalkyl.
R3 steht besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Methyl, Ethyl oder Trifluormethyl. R 3 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.
R3 steht ganz besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff oder Methyl. R 3 very particularly preferably represents hydrogen or methyl.
R2 und R3 stehen außerdem gemeinsam bevorzugt für geradkettiges oder verzweigtes und gegebenenfalls durchR 2 and R 3 are also together preferably straight-chain or branched and optionally through
Halogen, insbesondere Fluor, Chlor oder Brom, substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen. Halogen, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine, substituted C 2 -CsAlkylen.
R2 und R3 stehen außerdem gemeinsam besonders bevorzugt für -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)s- oderIn addition, R 2 and R 3 together are particularly preferably - (CH 2) 2-, - (CH 2) 4 -, - (CH 2) s- or
-(CH2)CH(CH3)-. - (CH 2 ) CH (CH 3 ) -.
R und R2 stehen außerdem gemeinsam bevorzugt für geradkettiges oder verzweigtes und gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder Ci-C i-Alkyl, insbesondere Fluor, Chlor, Brom oder Methyl, substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen.R and R 2 are also together preferably straight-chain or branched and optionally substituted by halogen or Ci-C i-alkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methyl, substituted C 2 -CsAlkylen.
R und R2 stehen außerdem gemeinsam besonders bevorzugt für -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)s-, -(CH2)2C(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2(CH2)2- oder -(CH2)CH(CH3)-. R and R 2 are also more preferably together especially preferred for - (CH 2) 2-, - (CH 2) 4 -, - (CH 2) s-, - (CH 2) 2 C (CH 3 ) 2, -C (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) 2- or - (CH 2 ) CH (CH 3 ) -.
R und R2 stehen außerdem gemeinsam ganz besonders bevorzugt für -(CH2)2-. R and R 2 together are most preferably together for - (CH 2) 2-.
R und R1 stehen außerdem gemeinsam bevorzugt für gegebenenfalls durch Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Ci-C4-Alkyl oder G-C i-Halogenalkyl substituiertes -(CH2)3-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)20-, -(CEh^O-, wobei der Sauerstoff dieser Gruppe jeweils mit R verbunden ist, sodass ein gegebenenfalls substituierter Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-, 1,3- Dioxetan-2-yl-, l,3-Dioxolan-2-yl- oder l,3-Dioxan-2-yl-Ring entsteht. R and R 1 together also preferably represent optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, Ci-C 4 alkyl or GC i -haloalkyl substituted - (CH 2) 3-, -CH 2 O-, - (CH 2) 20-, - (CEh ^ O-, where the oxygen of this group is in each case connected to R so that an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 1,3-dioxetan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl or 1, 3-dioxan-2-yl ring is formed.
R und R1 stehen außerdem gemeinsam besonders bevorzugt für gegebenenfalls durch Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl substituiertes -(CEb^O-, wobei der Sauerstoff dieser Gruppe mit R verbunden ist, sodass ein gegebenenfalls substituierter l,3-Dioxolan-2-yl. R and R 1 together are particularly preferably together optionally substituted by methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl - (CEb ^ O-, wherein the oxygen of this group is connected to R, so that an optionally substituted l, 3-dioxolane -2-yl.
R1 und R2 können außerdem bevorzugt für eine direkte Bindung stehen, wenn n für 1 steht, R 1 and R 2 may also preferably be a direct bond when n is 1,
A steht bevorzugt für unsubstituiertes oder einfach bis dreifach durch Z1 substituiertes Phenyl, wobei A is preferably unsubstituted or mono- to trisubstituted by Z 1 phenyl, wherein
Z1 für Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, OH, SH, C(Alkyl)(=NOAlkyl), C3-C7-Cycloalkyl, C3-C6-Cycloalkyl-Ci- C2-alkyl, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenalkoxy, Ci-C4-Alkylthio,
Ci-C4-Halogenalkylthio, C2-C i-Alkenyl, C2-C4-Halogenalkenyl, C2-C4-Alkinyl, C2-C4-Halogenalki- nyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl- sulfonyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfonyloxy, Formyl, C2-C5-Alkylcarbonyl, C2-C5-Halogenalkylcarbonyl, C2- Cs-Alkoxycarbonyl, C2-C5-Halogenalkoxycarbonyl, C3-C6-Alkenyloxy, C3-C6-Alkinyloxy, C2-C5- Alkylcarbonyloxy, C2-C5-Halogenalkylcarbonyloxy, Trialkylsilyl, oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy oder C2-C4-Alkylcarbonyl mono- substituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht. Z 1 is halogen, cyano, nitro, OH, SH, C (alkyl) (= NOalkyl), C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 - alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C 4 alkylthio, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylthio, C 2 -C -alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 -haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl, C 2 -C 4 -haloalkynyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl , C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyloxy, formyl, C 2 -C 5 -alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 5 -haloalkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C -alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 5 -haloalkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 6 -alkenyloxy, C 3 -C 6 Alkynyloxy, C 2 -C 5 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 2 -C 5 -haloalkylcarbonyloxy, trialkylsilyl, or in each case optionally monosubstituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy or C 2 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl Phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio.
steht besonders bevorzugt für unsubstituiertes oder einfach bis dreifach durch Z1 substituiertes Phenyl, wobei is particularly preferably unsubstituted or mono- to trisubstituted by Z 1 phenyl, wherein
Z1 für Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, C(Ci-C5-Alkyl)(=NO(Ci-C5-Alkyl)), C3-C6-Cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenalkoxy, Ci-C4-Alkylthio, Ci-C4-Halogen- alkylthio, C2-C4-Alkenyl, C2-C4-Alkinyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfonyl, C2-C5- Alkylcarbonyl, C2-Cs-Alkoxycarbonyl, C3-C6-Alkenyloxy, C3-C6-Alkinyloxy, C2-Cs-Alkyl- carbonyloxy, oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy oder C2-C4-Alkylcarbonyl monosubstituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht. steht ganz besonders bevorzugt für unsubstituiertes oder einfach bis dreifach durch Z1 substituiertes Phenyl, wobei Z 1 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C (C 1 -C 5 -alkyl) (= NO (C 1 -C 5 -alkyl)), C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl Haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylthio, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfinyl , C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, C 2 -C 5 -alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C -alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 6 -alkenyloxy, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyloxy, C 2 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyloxy, or in each case optionally by halogen, C 1 -C 4 Alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy or C 2 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl monosubstituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio. very particularly preferably represents unsubstituted or monosubstituted to trisubstituted by Z 1 phenyl, wherein
Z1 für Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, C(Ci-C4-Alkyl)(=NO(Ci-C4-Alkyl)), C3-C6-Cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C2-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C2-Alkoxy, Ci-C2-Halogenalkoxy, Ci-C2-Alkylthio, Ci-C2-Halogenalkyl- thio, Ci-C2-Alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C2-Alkylsulfonyl, Acetyl, Methoxycarbonyl, Ethoxycarbonyl, Methyl- carbonyloxy, oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C2-Alkyl, Ci-C2-Halogenalkyl, Ci- C2-Alkoxy, Acetyl, monosubstituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht. Z 1 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) (= NO (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)), C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 2 -alkyl Haloalkyl, C 1 -C 2 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 2 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 2 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 2 -haloalkylthio, C 1 -C 2 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 2 -alkylsulfonyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, methylcarbonyloxy, or in each case optionally represents halogen, C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, C 1 -C 2 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 2 -alkoxy, acetyl, monosubstituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio.
steht insbesondereievorzugt für unsubstituiertes oder einfach bis dreifach durch Z1 substituiertes Phenyl, wobei In particular, it is preferable for unsubstituted or mono- to trisubstituted by Z 1 phenyl, wherein
Z1 für Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Cyano, Nitro, CH(=NOMe), Cyclopropyl, Cyclobutyl, Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-, i-, s- oder t-Butyl, Trifluormethyl, Trichlor- methyl, Difluormethyl, Dichlormethyl, Difluorchlormethyl, Methoxy, Trifluormethoxy, Difluor- methoxy, Methylthio, Trifluormethylthio, Difluormethylthio, oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Methyl, Ethyl, Trifluormethyl, Trichlormethyl, Difluormethyl, Dichlormethyl, Difluorchlormethyl, Methoxy, Acetyl, monosubstituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht. steht ebenfalls bevorzugt für jeweils gegebenenfalls einfach oder mehrfach durch Z2 substituiertes funf- oder sechsgliedriges Heteroaryl ausgewählt aus Furyl, Thienyl, Pyrrolyl, Pyrazolyl, Imidazolyl, O- xazolyl, Thiazolyl, Isoxazolyl, Isothiazolyl, Triazolyl, Tetrazolyl, Oxadiazolyl, Thiadiazolyl, Pyridinyl, Pyridazinyl, Pyrimidinyl, Pyrazinyl und Triazinyl, wobei
Z2 für Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Alkylthio, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Halogen- alkylthio, Ci-C4-Halogenalkoxy, C3-C7-Cycloalkyl, oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht. Z 1 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, CH (= NOMe), cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-, i-, s- or t- Butyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, dichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, methylthio, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, or in each case optionally by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, difluoromethyl , Dichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, methoxy, acetyl, monosubstituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio. also preferably represents in each case optionally mono- or polysubstituted by Z 2 substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, Pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl, wherein Z 2 represents halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C 4 alkylthio, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-halo-alkylthio, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C3 C7-cycloalkyl, or represents optionally halogen- or Ci-C 4 alkyl-substituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio, respectively.
A steht ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt für jeweils gegebenenfalls einfach oder mehrfach durch Z2 substituier- tes fünf- oder sechsgliedriges Heteroaryl ausgewählt aus 2-Furyl, 3-Furyl, 2-Thienyl, 3-Thienyl, 2-Pyrrolyl,A likewise preferably represents in each case optionally monosubstituted or polysubstituted by Z 2 substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyrrolyl,
3- Pyrrolyl, 1-Pyrrolyl, 3-Pyrazolyl, 4-Pyrazolyl, 5-Pyrazolyl, 1-Pyrazolyl, lH-Imidazol-2-yl, lH-Imidazol-3-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1H-imidazole
4- yl, lH-Imidazol-5-yl, lH-Imidazol-l-yl, 2-Oxazolyl, 4-Oxazolyl, 5-Oxazolyl, 2-Thiazolyl, 4-Thiazolyl,4-yl, 1H-imidazol-5-yl, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl,
5- Thiazolyl, 3-Isoxazolyl, 4-Isoxazolyl, 5-Isoxazolyl, 3-Isothiazolyl, 4-Isothiazolyl, 5-Isothiazolyl, 1H-5-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 1H-
1.2.3- Triazol-l-yl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-4-yl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-5-yl, 2H-l,2,3-Triazol-2-yl, 2H- 1,2,3 -Triazol- 4-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-3-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-5-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-l-yl, 4H-l,2,4-Triazol-3-yl, 4H-1,2,4-1.2.3-triazol-1-yl, 1H-l, 2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1H-l, 2,3-triazol-5-yl, 2H-l, 2,3-triazole-2 yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1H-l, 2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1H-l, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl, 4H-1, 2,4-triazol-3-yl, 4H-1,2,4-
Triazol-4-yl, lH-Tetrazol-l-yl, lH-Tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-Tetrazol-2-yl, 2H-Tetrazol-5-yl, l,2,4-Oxadiazol-3- yl, l,2,4-Oxadiazol-5-yl, l,2,4-Thiadiazol-3-yl, l,2,4-Thiadiazol-5-yl, l,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl, 1,3,4-Thiadi- azol-2-yl, l,2,3-Oxadiazol-4-yl, l,2,3-Oxadiazol-5-yl, l,2,3-Thiadiazol-4-yl, l,2,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5- Oxadiazol-3-yl, l,2,5-Thiadiazol-3-yl, 2-Pyridinyl, 3-Pyridinyl, 4-Pyridinyl, 3-Pyridazinyl, 4-Pyridazinyl, 2-Pyrimidinyl, 4-Pyrimidinyl, 5-Pyrimidinyl, 2-Pyrazinyl, l,3,5-Triazin-2-yl, l,2,4-Triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-Tri- azin-5-yl, l,2,4-Triazin-6-yl, wobei Triazol-4-yl, 1H-tetrazol-1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-tetrazol-2-yl, 2H-tetrazol-5-yl, 1, 2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, l, 2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, l, 2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, l, 2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, l, 3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, l, 2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, l, 2,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, l, 2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 1, 3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1, 2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4- Triazine-5-yl, l, 2,4-triazin-6-yl, where
Z2 für Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C2-Alkylthio, Ci-C2-Alkoxy, Ci-C2-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C2-Halogen- thioalkyl, Ci-C2-Halogenalkoxy, C3-C6-Cycloalkyl, für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl monosubstituiertes Phenyl oder Phenoxy steht. Z 2 represents halogen, Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 2 alkylthio, Ci-C 2 alkoxy, Ci-C 2 haloalkyl, Ci-C 2-halo-thioalkyl, Ci-C 2 haloalkoxy, C3 C6-cycloalkyl, in each case optionally monosubstituted by halogen or Ci-C 4 alkyl phenyl or phenoxy.
A steht ebenfalls ganz besonders bevorzugt für jeweils gegebenenfalls einfach oder mehrfach durch Z2 substituiertes fünf- oder sechsgliedriges Heteroaryl ausgewählt aus 2-Furyl, 3-Furyl, 2-Thienyl, 3-Thienyl,A is also very particularly preferably in each case optionally mono- or polysubstituted by Z 2 substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2- Pyrrolyl, 3-Pyrrolyl, 1-Pyrrolyl, 3-Pyrazolyl, 4-Pyrazolyl, 5-Pyrazolyl, 2-Imidazolyl, 4-Imidazolyl, 5- Imidazolyl, 2-Oxazolyl, 4-Oxazolyl, 5-Oxazolyl, 2-Thiazolyl, 4-Thiazolyl, 5-Thiazolyl, 3-Isoxazolyl, 4- Isoxazolyl, 5-Isoxazolyl, 3-Isothiazolyl, 4-Isothiazolyl, 5-Isothiazolyl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-l-yl, 1H-1,2,3- Triazol-4-yl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-5-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-3-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-5-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-l-yl, lH-Tetrazol-l-yl, lH-Tetrazol-5-yl, l,2,4-Oxadiazol-3-yl, l,2,4-Oxadiazol-5-yl, l,2,4-Thiadiazol-3-yl,2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2- Thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 1H-l, 2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1H- 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1H-l, 2,3-triazol-5-yl, 1H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1H-l, 2,4-triazole 5-yl, 1H-1, 2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, 1, 2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1, 2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl,
1.2.4- Thiadiazol-5-yl, l,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl, l,3,4-Thiadiazol-2-yl, 2-Pyridinyl, 3-Pyridinyl, 4-Pyridinyl,1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, l, 3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, l, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl,
3- Pyridazinyl, 4-Pyridazinyl, 2-Pyrimidinyl, 4-Pyrimidinyl, 5-Pyrimidinyl, 2-Pyrazinyl, wobei 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, wherein
Z2 für Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-, i-, s- oder t- Butyl, Cyclopro- pyl, Trifluormethyl, Trifluormethoxy, Trifluormethylthio, Trichlormethyl, Difluormethyl, Diflu- ormethoxy, Difluormethylthio, Dichlormethyl, Difluorchlormethyl, Difluorchlormethoxy steht, Z2 außerdem für Phenyl steht, welches durch Fluor, Chlor oder Methyl substituiert ist. Z 2 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-, i-, s- or t-butyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, trichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, difluoro- ormethoxy, difluoromethylthio, dichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, difluorochloromethoxy, Z 2 also represents phenyl, which is substituted by fluorine, chlorine or methyl.
Die oben aufgeführten allgemeinen oder in Vorzugsbereichen aufgeführten Restedefinitionen bzw. Erläuterungen können jedoch auch untereinander, also zwischen den jeweiligen Bereichen und Vorzugsbereichen beliebig kombiniert werden. Sie gelten für die Endprodukte sowie für die Vor- und Zwischenprodukte entsprechend. Außerdem können einzelne Definitionen entfallen. However, the general or preferred radical definitions or explanations given above can also be combined with one another as desired, ie between the respective ranges and preferred ranges. They apply accordingly to the end products as well as to the precursors and intermediates. In addition, individual definitions can be omitted.
Bevorzugt sind solche Verbindungen der Formel (I), in welcher alle Reste jeweils die oben genannten bevorzugten Bedeutungen haben.
Besonders bevorzugt sind solche Verbindungen der Formel (I), in welcher alle Reste jeweils die oben genannten besonders bevorzugten Bedeutungen haben. Preference is given to those compounds of the formula (I) in which all radicals each have the abovementioned preferred meanings. Particular preference is given to those compounds of the formula (I) in which all radicals each have the abovementioned particularly preferred meanings.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind solche Verbindungen der Formel (I), in welcher alle Reste jeweils die oben genannten besonders bevorzugten Bedeutungen haben. Very particular preference is given to those compounds of the formula (I) in which all radicals each have the abovementioned particularly preferred meanings.
Bei den in den vorstehenden Formeln angegebenen Definitionen der Symbole wurden Sammelbegriffe verwendet, die allgemein repräsentativ für die folgenden Substituenten stehen: In the definitions of the symbols given in the above formulas, collective terms have been used that are generally representative of the following substituents:
Halogen: (auch in Kombinationen wie Halogenalkyl, Halogenalkoxy usw.) Fluor, Chlor, Brom und Iod; Halogen: (also in combinations such as haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, etc.) fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine;
Alkyl: (auch in Kombinationen wie Alkylthio, Alkoxy usw.) gesättigte, geradkettige oder verzweigte Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, z.B. Ci-Cö-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, 1 -Methyl ethyl, Butyl, 1- Methylpropyl, 2-Methylpropyl, 1,1-Dimethylethyl, Pentyl, 1-Methylbutyl, 2-Methylbutyl, 3-Methylbutyl, 2,2- Dimethylpropyl, 1-Ethylpropyl, Hexyl, 1,1-Dimethylpropyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, 1-Methylpentyl, 2-Methyl- pentyl, 3-Methylpentyl, 4-Methylpentyl, 1,1-Dimethylbutyl, 1,2-Dimethylbutyl, 1,3-Dimethylbutyl, 2,2-Dime- thylbutyl, 2,3-Dimethylbutyl, 3,3-Dimethylbutyl, 1-Ethylbutyl, 2-Ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-Trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2- Trimethylpropyl, 1 -Ethyl- 1-methylpropyl und l-Ethyl-2-methylpropyl; Heptyl, Octyl. Alkyl: (also in combinations such as alkylthio, alkoxy, etc.) saturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g. C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2 Dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl , 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl , 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl; Heptyl, octyl.
Halogenalkyl: (auch in Kombinationen wie Halogenalkylthio, Halogenalkoxy usw.) geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen (wie vorstehend genannt), wobei in diesen Gruppen teilweise oder vollständig die Wasserstoffatome durch Halogenatome wie vorstehend genannt ersetzt sein können, z.B. Ci-C3-Halogenalkyl wie Chlormethyl, Brommethyl, Dichlormethyl, Trichlormethyl, Fluormethyl, Diflu- ormethyl, Trifluormethyl, Chlorfluormethyl, Dichlorfluormethyl, Chlordifluormethyl, 1-Chlorethyl, 1- Bromethyl, 1-Fluorethyl, 2-Fluorethyl, 2,2-Difluorethyl, 2,2,2-Trifluorethyl, 2-Chlor-2-fluorethyl, 2-Chlor-2-di- fluorethyl, 2,2-Dichlor-2-fluorethyl, 2,2,2-Trichlorethyl, Pentafluorethyl und l,l,l-Trifluoφrop-2-yl. Haloalkyl: (also in combinations such as haloalkylthio, haloalkoxy, etc.) straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (as mentioned above), wherein in these groups, partially or completely, the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above, e.g. C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, such as chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-di-fluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl and 1, l, l-Trifluoφrop-2-yl.
Alkenyl: ungesättigte, geradkettige oder verzweigte Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und einer Doppelbindung in einer beliebigen Position, z.B. C2-C6- Alkenyl wie Ethenyl, 1-Propenyl, 2-Propenyl, 1-Me- thylethenyl, 1-Butenyl, 2-Butenyl, 3-Butenyl, 1 -Methyl- 1-propenyl, 2-Methyl-l-propenyl, l-Methyl-2-propenyl,Alkenyl: unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and having one double bond in any position, for example C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2 -Butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl,
2- Methyl-2-propenyl, 1-Pentenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 3-Pentenyl, 4-Pentenyl, 1 -Methyl- 1-butenyl, 2-Methyl-l-butenyl, 3- Methyl-l-butenyl, l-Methyl-2-butenyl, 2-Methyl-2-butenyl, 3-Methyl-2-butenyl, l-Methyl-3-butenyl, 2-Methyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, Methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl
3- butenyl, 3-Methyl-3-butenyl, l,l-Dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-Dimethyl- 1-propenyl, l,2-Dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1- Ethyl- 1-propenyl, l-Ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-Hexenyl, 2-Hexenyl, 3-Hexenyl, 4-Hexenyl, 5-Hexenyl, 1 -Methyl- 1-pen- tenyl, 2-Methyl-l-pentenyl, 3 -Methyl- 1-pentenyl, 4-Methyl-l-pentenyl, l-Methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-Methyl-2-pente- nyl, 3-Methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-Methyl-2-pentenyl, l-Methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-Methyl-3-pentenyl, 3-Methyl-3-pentenyl,3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2-methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl 1-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl- 3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl,
4- Methyl-3-pentenyl, l-Methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-Methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-Methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-Methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1- Dimethyl-2-butenyl, l,l,-Dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-Dimethyl- 1-butenyl, l,2-Dimethyl-2-butenyl, l,2-Dimethyl-3- butenyl, 1, 3 -Dimethyl- 1-butenyl, l,3-Dimethyl-2-butenyl, l,3-Dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-Dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3- Dimethyl- 1-butenyl, 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-Dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3, 3 -Dimethyl- 1-butenyl, 3,3-Dimethyl-2- butenyl, 1 -Ethyl- 1-butenyl, l-Ethyl-2-butenyl, l-Ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-Ethyl- 1-butenyl, 2-Ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-Ethyl-3- butenyl, l,l,2-Trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1 -Ethyl- l-methyl-2-propenyl, l-Ethyl-2-methyl- 1-propenyl und l-Ethyl-2- methyl-2-propenyl. 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, l, l, -dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-butenyl, l, 2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, l, 2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1, 3-dimethyl-1-butenyl , 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl , 2,3-Dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl 3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1, 1, 2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2 -propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propenyl and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl.
Cycloalkyl: monocyclische, gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen mit 3 bis 8 Kohlenstoffringgliedern, wie Cyclopropyl, Cyclobutyl, Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, Cycloheptyl und Cyclooctyl.
Aryl: unsubstituierter oder substituierter, aromatischer, mono-, bi- oder tricyclischer Ring, z.B. Phenyl, Naph- thyl, Anthracenyl (Anthryl), Phenanthracenyl (Phenanthryl). Cycloalkyl: monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 8 carbon ring members such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. Aryl: unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic, mono-, bi- or tricyclic ring, for example phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl (anthryl), phenanthracenyl (phenanthryl).
Hetaryl: unsubstituierter oder substituierter, ungesättigter heterocyclischer 5- bis 7-gliedrigen Ring, enthaltend bis zu 4 Stickstoffatome oder alternativ 1 Stickstoffatom und bis zu 2 weitere Heteroatome, ausgewählt aus N, O und S: z.B. 2-Furyl, 3-Furyl, 2-Thienyl, 3-Thienyl, 2-Pyrrolyl, 3-Pyrrolyl, 1-Pyrrolyl, 3-Pyrazolyl, 4-Pyrazolyl, 5-Pyra- zolyl, 1-Pyrazolyl, lH-Imidazol-2-yl, lH-Imidazol-4-yl, lH-Imidazol-5-yl, lH-Imidazol-l-yl, 2-Oxazolyl, 4-Oxa- zolyl, 5-Oxazolyl, 2-Thiazolyl, 4-Thiazolyl, 5-Thiazolyl, 3-Isoxazolyl, 4-Isoxazolyl, 5-Isoxazolyl, 3-Isothiazolyl, 4-Isothiazolyl, 5-Isothiazolyl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-l-yl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-4-yl, lH-l,2,3-Triazol-5-yl, 2H-1,2,3-Tri- azol-2-yl, 2H-l,2,3-Triazol-4-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-3-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-5-yl, lH-l,2,4-Triazol-l-yl, 4H-1,2,4- Triazol-3-yl, 4H-l,2,4-Triazol-4-yl, lH-Tetrazol-l-yl, lH-Tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-Tetrazol-2-yl, 2H-Tetrazol-5-yl, l,2,4-Oxadiazol-3-yl, l,2,4-Oxadiazol-5-yl, l,2,4-Thiadiazol-3-yl, l,2,4-Thiadiazol-5-yl, l,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl, Hetaryl: unsubstituted or substituted, unsaturated heterocyclic 5- to 7-membered ring containing up to 4 nitrogen atoms or alternatively 1 nitrogen atom and up to 2 further heteroatoms selected from N, O and S: e.g. 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 1H-imidazole 2-yl, 1H-imidazol-4-yl, 1H-imidazol-5-yl, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 1H-l, 2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1H-l, 2,3- Triazol-4-yl, 1H-l, 2,3-triazol-5-yl, 2H-1,2,3-triazole-2-yl, 2H-l, 2,3-triazol-4-yl, lH-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1H-l, 2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1H-l, 2,4-triazol-1-yl, 4H-1,2,4- Triazol-3-yl, 4H-1, 2,4-triazol-4-yl, 1H-tetrazol-1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-tetrazol-2-yl, 2H-tetrazole-5 yl, l, 2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, l, 2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, l, 2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, l, 2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, l, 3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,
1.3.4- Thiadiazol-2-yl, l,2,3-Oxadiazol-4-yl, l,2,3-Oxadiazol-5-yl, l,2,3-Thiadiazol-4-yl, l,2,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl,1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, l, 2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, l, 2,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, l, 2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, l, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-yl,
1.2.5- Oxadiazol-3-yl, l,2,5-Thiadiazol-3-yl, 2-Pyridinyl, 3-Pyridinyl, 4-Pyridinyl, 3-Pyridazinyl, 4-Pyridazinyl, 2- Pyrimidinyl, 4-Pyrimidinyl, 5-Pyrimidinyl, 2-Pyrazinyl, l,3,5-Triazin-2-yl, l,2,4-Triazin-3-yl, l,2,4-Triazin-5-yl, 1 ,2,4-Triazin-6-yl. 1.2.5-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 1, 3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1, 2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1, 2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1, 2,4- triazin-6-yl.
Erläuterung der Verfahren und Zwischenprodukte Explanation of processes and intermediates
Die 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel (I) lassen sich auf unterschiedliche Weise herstellen. Im Folgenden sind die möglichen Verfahren zunächst schematisch dargestellt. Wenn nicht anders angegeben haben die angegebenen Reste die oben angegebenen Bedeutungen. The 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) can be prepared in different ways. In the following, the possible methods are first shown schematically. Unless indicated otherwise, the radicals given have the meanings given above.
Schema 1: Verfahren A
Scheme 1: Method A
Schema 2: Ver ahren B
Scheme 2: Actions B
steht für S. stands for S.
steht für SO oder SO stands for SO or SO
Schema 3: Verfahren C
Scheme 3: Method C
fonyloxy oder 4-Methylphenylsulfonyloxy. fonyloxy or 4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy.
Bevorzugte Restedefinitionen der vorstehenden und nachfolgend genannten Formeln und Schemata sind bereits oben angegeben. Diese Definitionen gelten nicht nur für die Endprodukte der Formel (I) sondern auch für alle Zwischenprodukte gleichermaßen. Preferred radical definitions of the above and below formulas and schemes are already given above. These definitions apply equally not only to the end products of formula (I) but also to all intermediates.
Verfahren A Method A
Die bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens A als Ausgangstoffe benötigten Imidazol-Deri- vate der Formel (II) sind bekannt und lassen sich auf bekannte Weise herstellen (vgl. EP-A 0 040 345, EP-A 0 793 657, EP-A 0 297 345, EP-A 0 421 125, EP-A 0 386 557, EP-A 0 378 953). The imidazole derivatives of the formula (II) required as starting materials for carrying out the process A according to the invention are known and can be prepared in a known manner (cf., EP-A 0 040 345, EP-A 0 793 657, EP-A 0 297 345, EP-A 0 421 125, EP-A 0 386 557, EP-A 0 378 953).
Die bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens A ebenfalls benötigten Iodierungsmittel sind bekannt. Es kommen beispielsweise infrage: elementares Iod oder, Iodmonochlorid, N-Iodacetamid, N-Iodsuccin- imid. The iodination agents likewise required in carrying out process A according to the invention are known. Examples are: elemental iodine or, iodine monochloride, N-iodoacetamide, N-iodosuccinimide.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren A wird in Gegenwart einer Base durchgeführt. Hierfür eignen sich die üblichen anorganischen oder organischen Basen, bevorzugt Alkalihydride wie beispielsweise Natrium- oder Kaliumhydrid, Amide wie Natriumamid, Natrium-bis-(trimethylsilyl)amid (Na-HDMS), Lithium-bis-(trimethylsilyl)amid (Li- HDMS), Lithiumdiisopropylamid (LDA), oder Lithium-tetramethylpiperidid (LiTMP), oder metallorganische Verbindungen wie n-, sec- oder tert-Butyllithium (n-BuLi, sec-BuLi, tert-BuLi) oder Phenyllithium The process A according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a base. Suitable for this purpose are the customary inorganic or organic bases, preferably alkali metal hydrides, such as, for example, sodium or potassium hydride, amides, such as sodium amide, sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (Na-HDMS), lithium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (Li-HDMS). , Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), or lithium tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP), or organometallic compounds such as n-, sec- or tert-butyllithium (n-BuLi, sec-BuLi, tert-BuLi) or phenyllithium
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren A wird üblicherweise in Gegenwart eines Verdünnungsmittels bei Temperaturen von -78°C bis +100°C durchgeführt. The process A of the invention is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent at temperatures of -78 ° C to + 100 ° C.
Als Verdünnungsmittel eignen sich bevorzugt Ether wie Diethylether, Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-Dimeth- oxyethan, Glykoldimethylether oder Diethylenglykoldimethylether, oder Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Benzol, Xylol oder Toluol. Preferred diluents are ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene or toluene.
Die erfindungsgemäße Umsetzung wird vorzugsweise unter Inertgas, wie insbesondere Stickstoff oder Argon, vorgenommen. The reaction according to the invention is preferably carried out under inert gas, in particular nitrogen or argon.
Verfahren B Method B
Die im Rahmen der oben genannten Verfahren herstellbaren Verbindungen der Formel (I-a) können weiter zu den Zielverbindungen der allgemeinen Struktur (I-b) umgesetzt werden. The compounds of the formula (I-a) which can be prepared in the abovementioned processes can be further reacted to give the target compounds of the general structure (I-b).
Zur Umsetzung von (I-a) können Oxidationsmittel, insbesondere Peroxide oder Persäuren (z. B. Wasserstoffperoxyd oder meta-Chlorperbenzoesäure) verwendet werden. For the reaction of (I-a) it is possible to use oxidizing agents, in particular peroxides or peracids (for example hydrogen peroxide or meta-chloroperbenzoic acid).
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren B wird üblicherweise in Gegenwart eines Verdünnungsmittels, z.B. Dichlor- methan bei Temperaturen von -20°C bis +100°C durchgeführt.
Λ The process B according to the invention is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent, for example dichloromethane, at temperatures of -20.degree. C. to + 100.degree. Λ
- 9 - - 9 -
Verfahren C Method C
Die bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens C als Ausgangstoffe benötigten Epoxid-Derivate der Formel (III) sind bekannt und lassen sich auf bekannte Weise herstellen (z.B. DE-A 40 27 608, DE-A 35 37 817). The epoxide derivatives of the formula (III) required as starting materials for carrying out the process C according to the invention are known and can be prepared in a known manner (for example DE-A 40 27 608, DE-A 35 37 817).
Das bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens C ebenfalls benötigt 2-Iod-lH-imidazol ist kommerziell verfügbar oder kann aus kommerziell erhältlichen Vorstufen nach in der Literatur beschriebenen Vorschriften hergestellt wird {Molecules 2005, 10, 401-406). The 2-iodo-1H-imidazole also required in carrying out the process C according to the invention is commercially available or can be prepared from commercially available precursors according to instructions described in the literature {Molecules 2005, 10, 401-406).
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren C wird in Gegenwart einer Base durchgeführt. Hierfür eignen sich die üblichen anorganischen oder organischen Basen, bevorzugt Alkalimetall- oder Erdalkalimetall- acetate, carbonate, hydro- gencarbonate, hydride, hydroxide oder alkanolate, wie beispielsweise Natrium-, Kalium- oder Calcium-acetat, Natrium-, Kalium-, Calcium- oder Caesium-carbonat, Natrium-, Kalium- oder Calcium-hydrogencarbonat, Lithium-, Natrium-, Kalium- oder Calcium-hydrid, Lithium-, Natrium , Kalium- oder Calcium-hydroxid, Natrium- o- der Kalium-methanolat, -ethanolat, -n- oder -iso-propanolat, -n-, -iso-, -sec- oder -tert-butanolat. Process C according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a base. Suitable for this purpose are the customary inorganic or organic bases, preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, carbonates, hydro gencarbonates, hydrides, hydroxides or alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium, potassium or calcium acetate, sodium, potassium, calcium or cesium carbonate, sodium, potassium or calcium bicarbonate, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydride, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, sodium or potassium methoxide, ethanolate, n- or iso-propanolate, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butoxide.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren C wird üblicherweise in Gegenwart eines Verdünnungsmittels bei Tempera- turen von -78°C bis +100°C durchgeführt. Als Verdünnungsmittel eignen sich bevorzugt Amide wie z.B. Di- methylformamid, Dimethylacetamid und N-Methyl-pyrrolidon, sowie Dimethylsulfoxid, Tetramethylensulfon und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid und DMPU; Ketone wie Aceton, Methyl-ethyl-, Methyl-isopropyl-oder Methyl-isobutyl-keton. Die erfindungsgemäße Umsetzung wird vorzugsweise unter Inertgas, wie insbesondere Stickstoff oder Argon, vorgenommen. Verfahren D The inventive method C is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent at temperatures of -78 ° C to + 100 ° C. Suitable diluents are preferably amides, e.g. Dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, as well as dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylenesulfone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide and DMPU; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl, methyl isopropyl or methyl isobutyl ketone. The reaction according to the invention is preferably carried out under inert gas, in particular nitrogen or argon. Method D
Die bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens D als Ausgangstoffe benötigten Epoxid-Derivate der Formel (IV) sind bekannt und lassen sich auf bekannte Weise herstellen (z.B. EP-A 0 421 125, EP-A 0 386 557). The epoxide derivatives of the formula (IV) required as starting materials for carrying out the process D according to the invention are known and can be prepared in a known manner (for example EP-A 0 421 125, EP-A 0 386 557).
Das bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens D ebenfalls benötigt 2-Iod-lH-imidazol ist kommerziell verfügbar oder kann aus kommerziell erhältlichen Vorstufen nach literaturbeschriebenen Vorschriften hergestellt wird (Molecules 2005, 10, 401-406). 2-iodo-1H-imidazole, which is likewise required in carrying out process D according to the invention, is commercially available or can be prepared from commercially available precursors according to specifications described in the literature (Molecules 2005, 10, 401-406).
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren D wird in Gegenwart einer Base durchgeführt. Hierfür eignen sich die üblichen anorganischen oder organischen Basen, bevorzugt Alkalimetall- oder Erdalkalimetall- acetate, carbonate, hydro- gencarbonate, hydride, hydroxide oder alkanolate, wie beispielsweise Natrium-, Kalium- oder Calcium-acetat, Natrium-, Kalium-, Calcium- oder Caesium-carbonat, Natrium-, Kalium- oder Calcium-hydrogencarbonat, Lithium-, Natrium-, Kalium- oder Calcium-hydrid, Lithium-, Natrium , Kalium- oder Calcium-hydroxid, Natrium- o- der Kalium-methanolat, -ethanolat, -n- oder -iso-propanolat, -n-, -iso-, -sec- oder -tert-butanolat. Außerdem bevorzugt eignen sich Pyridin oder 4-Dimethylaminopyridin, Alkaliamide wie Natrium- und Kaliumamid. Process D according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a base. Suitable for this purpose are the customary inorganic or organic bases, preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, carbonates, hydro gencarbonates, hydrides, hydroxides or alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium, potassium or calcium acetate, sodium, potassium, calcium or cesium carbonate, sodium, potassium or calcium bicarbonate, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydride, lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, sodium or potassium methoxide, ethanolate, n- or iso-propanolate, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butoxide. Also preferred are pyridine or 4-dimethylaminopyridine, alkali metal amides such as sodium and potassium amide.
Als Reaktionsbeschleuniger kommen vorzugsweise Metallhalogenide wir Natriumiodid oder Kaliumiodid, quar- ternäre Ammoniumsalze wie Tetrabutylammoniumchlorid, -bromid, -iodid oder -hydrogensulfat, Benzyltriethyl- ammoniumchlorid oder -bromid oder Kronenether wie 12-Krone-4, 15-Krone-5, 18-Krone-6, Dibenzo-18-krone- 6 oder Dicyclohexano-18-krone-6 in Frage. The reaction accelerators are preferably metal halides such as sodium iodide or potassium iodide, quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide, iodide or hydrogen sulfate, benzyltriethylammonium chloride or bromide or crown ethers such as 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown -6, dibenzo-18-crown-6 or dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 in question.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren D wird üblicherweise in Gegenwart eines Verdünnungsmittels bei Temperaturen von -78°C bis +100°C durchgeführt. Als Verdünnungsmittel eignen sich bevorzugt Amide wie z.B. Di-
methylforrnamid, Diethylformamid, Dimethylacetamid, Diethylacetamid und N-Methyl-pyrrolidon, sowie Di- methylsulfoxid, Tetramethylensulfon und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid und DMPU. Die erfindungsgemä- ße Umsetzung wird vorzugsweise unter Inertgas, wie insbesondere Stickstoff oder Argon, vorgenommen. The inventive method D is usually carried out in the presence of a diluent at temperatures of -78 ° C to + 100 ° C. Suitable diluents are preferably amides such as di- methylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, and also dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylenesulfone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide and DMPU. The reaction according to the invention is preferably carried out under inert gas, in particular nitrogen or argon.
Die erfindungsgemäßen 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der allgemeinen Formel (I) können in Säureadditions-Salze bzw. Metallsalz-Komplexe überführt werden. The 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the general formula (I) according to the invention can be converted into acid addition salts or metal salt complexes.
Zur Herstellung von physiologisch verträglichen Säureadditionssalzen der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) kommen vorzugsweise folgende Säuren infrage: Halogenwasserstoffsäuren, wie z.B. Chlorwasserstoffsäure und Bromwasserstoffsäure, insbesondere Chlorwasserstoffsäure, ferner Phosphorsäure, Salpetersäure, Schwefelsäure, mono- und bifunktionelle Carbonsäuren und Hydroxycarbonsäuren, wie z.B. Essigsäure, Mal- einsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Fumarsäure, Weinsäure, Zitronensäure, Salicylsäure, Sorbinsäure, Milchsäure sowie Sulfonsäuren, wie z.B. p-Toluolsulfonsäure und 1,5-Naphthalindisulfonsäure. For the preparation of physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of the general formula (I), preference is given to the following acids: hydrohalic acids, such as e.g. Hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids, especially hydrochloric acid, also phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, mono- and bifunctional carboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. Acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, lactic acid and sulfonic acids, e.g. p-toluenesulfonic acid and 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid.
Die Säureadditions-Salze der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) können in einfacher Weise nach üblichen Salzbildungsmethoden, z.B. durch Lösung einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I) in einem geeigneten inerten Lösungsmittel und Hinzufügen der Säure, z.B. Chlorwasserstoffsäure, erhalten werden und in be- kannter Weise, z.B. durch Abfiltrieren, isoliert und gegebenenfalls durch Waschen mit einem inerten organischen Lösungsmittel gereinigt werden. The acid addition salts of the compounds of the general formula (I) can be prepared in a simple manner by customary salt-forming methods, e.g. by dissolving a compound of general formula (I) in a suitable inert solvent and adding the acid, e.g. Hydrochloric acid, and in a known manner, e.g. by filtration, isolated and optionally purified by washing with an inert organic solvent.
Zur Herstellung von Metallsalz-Komplexen der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) kommen vorzugsweise Salze von Metallen der II. bis IV. Hauptgruppe und der I. und II. sowie IV. bis VIII. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems in Frage, wobei Kupfer, Zink, Mangan, Magnesium, Zinn, Eisen und Nickel beispielhaft genannt seien. Als Anionen der Salze kommen solche in Betracht, die sich vorzugsweise von folgenden Säuren ableiten: Halogenwasserstoffsäuren, wie z.B. Chlorwasserstoffsäure und Bromwasserstoffsäure, ferner Phosphorsäure, Salpetersäure und Schwefelsäure. For the preparation of metal salt complexes of the compounds of the general formula (I), preference is given to salts of metals of the IIth to IVth main groups and of the 1st and 2nd and IVth to VIIIth subgroups of the Periodic Table, where copper, zinc, Manganese, magnesium, tin, iron and nickel are exemplified. Suitable anions of the salts are those which are preferably derived from the following acids: hydrohalic acids, e.g. Hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, further phosphoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
Die Metallsalz-Komplexe von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) können in einfacher Weise nach üblichen Verfahren erhalten werden, so z.B. durch Lösen des Metallsalzes in Alkohol, z.B. Ethanol und Hinzufü- gen zur Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I. Man kann Metallsalz-Komplexe in bekannter Weise, z.B. durch Abfiltrieren isolieren und gegebenenfalls durch Umkristallisieren reinigen. The metal salt complexes of compounds of the general formula (I) can be obtained in a simple manner by conventional methods, e.g. by dissolving the metal salt in alcohol, e.g. Ethanol and adding to the compound of general formula I. Metal salt complexes can be prepared in known manner, e.g. isolate by filtration and optionally purified by recrystallization.
Die erfindungsgemäßen verwendbaren 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate können gegebenenfalls als Mischungen verschiedener möglicher isomerer Formen, insbesondere von Stereoisomeren, wie z. B. E- und Z-, threo- und erythro-, sowie optischen Isomeren, gegebenenfalls aber auch von Tautomeren vorliegen. Es werden sowohl die E- als auch die Z-Isomeren, wie auch die threo- und erythro-, sowie die optischen Isomeren, beliebige Mischungen dieser Isomeren, sowie die möglichen tautomeren Formen beansprucht. The usable 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives according to the invention may optionally be used as mixtures of various possible isomeric forms, in particular of stereoisomers, such as. B. E and Z, threo and erythro, and optical isomers, but optionally also of tautomers. Both the E and the Z isomers, as well as the threo and erythro, and the optical isomers, any mixtures of these isomers, as well as the possible tautomeric forms claimed.
Die Verbindungen der Formel (I) liegen insbesondere gegebenenfalls in Form von Enantiomeren vor:
The compounds of the formula (I) are in particular optionally present in the form of enantiomers:
Sind die Substituenten R2 und R3 verschieden, liegen folgende Diastereomere gegebenenfalls in unterschiedlichsten Gemischen vor: If the substituents R 2 and R 3 are different, the following diastereomers are optionally present in very different mixtures:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Pflanzenschutzmittel zum Bekämpfen unerwünschter Mikroorganismen, insbesondere unerwünschter Pilze, umfassend die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um fungizide Mittel, welche landwirtschaftlich verwendbare Hilfsmittel, Solventien, Trägerstoffe, oberflächenaktive Stoffe oder Streckmittel enthalten. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Bekämpfen unerwünschter Mikroorganismen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe auf die phytopathogenen Pilze und/oder deren Lebensraum ausbringt. The present invention further relates to a crop protection agent for controlling unwanted microorganisms, in particular unwanted fungi, comprising the active compounds according to the invention. Preference is given to fungicidal compositions which contain agriculturally useful auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, surface-active substances or extenders. In addition, the invention relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, characterized in that the active compounds according to the invention are applied to the phytopathogenic fungi and / or their habitat.
Erfindungsgemäß bedeutet Trägerstoff eine natürliche oder synthetische, organische oder anorganische Substanz, mit welchen die Wirkstoffe zur besseren Anwendbarkeit, v.a. zum Aufbringen auf Pflanzen oder Pflan- zenteile oder Saatgut, gemischt oder verbunden sind. Der Trägerstoff, welcher fest oder flüssig sein kann, ist im Allgemeinen inert und sollte in der Landwirtschaft verwendbar sein. According to the invention, the carrier means a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance with which the active ingredients for better applicability, v. A. for application to plants or plant parts or seeds, mixed or combined. The carrier, which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be useful in agriculture.
Als feste oder flüssige Trägerstoffe kommen infrage: z.B. Ammoniumsalze und natürliche Gesteinsmehle, wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehle, wie hochdisperse Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und natürliche oder synthetische Silikate, Harze, Wachse, feste Düngemittel, Wasser, Alkohole, besonders Butanol, organische Solventien, Mineral- und Pflanzenöle sowie Derivate hiervon. Mischungen solcher Trägerstoffe können ebenfalls verwendet werden. Als feste Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen infrage: z.B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit sowie synthetische Granulate aus anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem Material wie Sägemehl, Kokosnussschalen, Maiskolben und Tabakstängel. Als verflüssigte gasförmige Streckmittel oder Trägerstoffe kommen solche Flüssigkeiten infrage, welche bei normaler Temperatur und unter Normaldruck gasförmig sind, z.B. Aerosol-Treibgase, wie Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe, sowie Butan, Propan, Stickstoff und Kohlendioxid. Suitable solid or liquid carriers are: e.g. Ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such carriers can also be used. Suitable solid carriers for granules are: e.g. Cracked and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stems. Suitable liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are those liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, e.g. Aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Es können in den Formulierungen Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulverige,
körnige oder latexförmige Polymere verwendet werden, wie Gummiarabikum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, sowie natürliche Phospholipide, wie Kephaline und Lecithine, und synthetische Phospholipide. Weitere Additive können mineralische und vegetabile Öle sein. In the formulations, adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-form polymers such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids. Other additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
Im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel können z.B. auch organische Lösungsmittel als Hilfslö- sungsmittel verwendet werden. Als flüssige Lösungsmittel kommen im Wesentlichen infrage: Aromaten, wie Xy- lol, Toluol oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte Aromaten oder chlorierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorbenzole, Chlorethylene oder Dichlormethan, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Cyclohexan oder Paraffine, z.B. Erdölfraktionen, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle, Alkohole, wie Butanol oder Glykol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone, wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösungs- mittel wie Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid, sowie Wasser. In the case of using water as an extender, e.g. also organic solvents can be used as auxiliary solvents. Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or dichloromethane, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. Petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können zusätzlich weitere Bestandteile enthalten, wie z.B. oberflächenaktive Stoffe. Als oberflächenaktive Stoffe kommen Emulgier- und/oder Schaum erzeugende Mittel, Dispergiermittel oder Benetzungsmittel mit ionischen oder nicht-ionischen Eigenschaften oder Mischungen dieser oberflächenaktiven Stoffe infrage. Beispiele hierfür sind Salze von Polyacrylsäure, Salze von Lignosulphonsäure, Salze von Phe- nolsulphonsäure oder Naphthalinsulphonsäure, Polykondensate von Ethylenoxid mit Fettalkoholen oder mit Fettsäuren oder mit Fettaminen, substituierten Phenolen (vorzugsweise Alkylphenole oder Arylphenole), Salze von Sulphobernsteinsäureestern, Taurinderivate (vorzugsweise Alkyltaurate), Phosphorsäureester von polyethoxylier- ten Alkoholen oder Phenole, Fettsäureester von Polyolen, und Derivate der Verbindungen enthaltend Sulphate, Sulphonate und Phosphate, z.B. Alkylarylpolyglycolether, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate, Eiweiß- hydrolysate, Lignin- Sulfitablaugen und Methylcellulose. Die Anwesenheit einer oberflächenaktiven Substanz ist notwendig, wenn einer der Wirkstoff und/oder einer der inerten Trägerstoffe nicht in Wasser löslich ist und wenn die Anwendung in Wasser erfolgt. Der Anteil an oberflächenaktiven Stoffen liegt zwischen 5 und 40 Gewichtsprozent des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels. The agents of the invention may additionally contain other ingredients, e.g. surfactants. Suitable surface-active substances are emulsifying and / or foam-forming agents, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties or mixtures of these surface-active substances. Examples thereof are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyltaurates), Phosphoric acid esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates, eg Alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, protein hydrolysates, lignin sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose. The presence of a surfactant is necessary when one of the active ingredients and / or one of the inert carriers is not soluble in water and when applied in water. The proportion of surface-active substances is between 5 and 40 percent by weight of the agent according to the invention.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z.B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farb- Stoffe, wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Spurennährstoffe, wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink verwendet werden. Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Gegebenenfalls können auch andere zusätzliche Komponenten enthalten sein, z.B. schützende Kolloide, Bindemittel, Klebstoffe, Verdicker, thixotrope Stoffe, Penetrationsförderer, Stabilisatoren, Sequestiermittel, Komplexbildner. Im Allgemeinen können die Wirkstoffe mit jedem festen oder flüssigen Additiv, welches für Formulie- rungszwecke gewöhnlich verwendet wird, kombiniert werden. Optionally, other additional components may also be included, e.g. protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetration enhancers, stabilizers, sequestering agents, complexing agents. In general, the active ingredients can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes.
Im Allgemeinen enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel und Formulierungen zwischen 0,05 und 99 Gew.-%, 0,01 und 98 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 und 95 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 und 90 % Wirkstoff, ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 70 Gewichtsprozent. In general, the agents and formulations according to the invention contain between 0.05 and 99% by weight, 0.01 and 98% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 95% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 90%. Active ingredient, most preferably between 10 and 70 weight percent.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel können als solche oder in Abhängigkeit von ihren jeweiligen phy- sikalischen und/oder chemischen Eigenschaften in Form ihrer Formulierungen oder den daraus bereiteten Anwen-
„ The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can be used as such or, depending on their respective physical and / or chemical properties, in the form of their formulations or the applications prepared therefrom. "
- 13 - dungsformen, wie Aerosole, Kapselsuspensionen, Kaltnebelkonzentrate, Heißnebelkonzentrate, verkapselte Granulate, Feingranulate, fließfähige Konzentrate für die Behandlung von Saatgut, gebrauchsfertige Lösungen, verstäubbare Pulver, emulgierbare Konzentrate, Öl-in- Wasser-Emulsionen, Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsionen, Makrogranu- late, Mikrogranulate, Öl dispergierbare Pulver, Öl mischbare fließfähige Konzentrate, Öl mischbare Flüssigkeiten, Schäume, Pasten, Pestizid ummanteltes Saatgut, Suspensionskonzentrate, Suspensions-Emulsions-Konzentrate, lösliche Konzentrate, Suspensionen, Spritzpulver, lösliche Pulver, Stäubemittel und Granulate, wasserlösliche Granulate oder Tabletten, wasserlösliche Pulver für Saatgutbehandlung, benetzbare Pulver, Wirkstoff- imprägnierte Natur- und synthetische Stoffe sowie Feinstverkapselungen in polymeren Stoffen und in Hüllmassen für Saatgut, sowie ULV-Kalt- und Warmnebel-Formulierungen eingesetzt werden. Die genannten Formulierungen können in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt werden, z.B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit mindestens einem üblichen Streckmittel, Lösungs- bzw. Verdünnungsmittel, Emulgator, Dis- pergier- und/oder Binde- oder Fixiermittels, Netzmittel, Wasser-Repellent, gegebenenfalls Sikkative und UV-Stabilisatoren und gegebenenfalls Farbstoffen und Pigmenten, Entschäumer, Konservierungsmittel, sekundäre Verdickungsmittel, Kleber, Gibberelline sowie weiteren Verarbeitungshilfsmitteln. Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel umfassen nicht nur Formulierungen, welche bereits anwendungs fertig sind und mit einer geeigneten Apparatur auf die Pflanze oder das Saatgut ausgebracht werden können, sondern auch kommerzielle Konzentrate, welche vor Gebrauch mit Wasser verdünnt werden müssen. - Forms such as aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold mist concentrates, hot mist concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treatment of seeds, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil Emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil-dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, foams, pastes, pesticide-coated seeds, suspension concentrates, suspension-emulsion concentrates, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts and granules , water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for seed treatment, wettable powders, active substance-impregnated natural and synthetic substances as well as microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in seed coatings, as well as ULV cold and warm mist formulations. The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, e.g. by mixing the active compounds with at least one customary diluent, solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersing and / or binding or fixing agent, wetting agent, water repellent, optionally siccatives and UV stabilizers and optionally dyes and pigments, antifoams, Preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and other processing aids. The compositions according to the invention comprise not only formulations which are already ready to use and can be applied to the plant or seed by suitable equipment, but also commercial concentrates which must be diluted with water before use.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe können als solche oder in ihren (handelsüblichen) Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen in Mischung mit anderen (bekannten) Wirkstoffen, wie Insektiziden, Lockstoffen, Sterilantien, Bakteriziden, Akariziden, Nematiziden, Fungiziden, Wachstumsregulatoren, Herbiziden, Düngemitteln, Safener bzw. Semiochemicals vorliegen. The active compounds according to the invention, as such or in their (commercial) formulations and in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with other (known) agents such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers , Safeners or semiochemicals.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Wirkstoffen bzw. Mitteln erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z.B. durch Tauchen, (Ver-) Spritzen, (Ver-) Sprühen, Berieseln, Verdampfen, Zerstäuben, Vernebeln, (Ver-)Streuen, Verschäumen, Bestreichen, Verstreichen, Gießen (drenchen), Tröpfchenbewässerung und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Samen, weiterhin durch Trockenbeizen, Nassbeizen, Schlämmbeizen, Inkrustieren, ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen usw. Es ist ferner möglich, die Wirkstoffe nach dem Ultra-Low- Volume- Verfahren auszubringen oder die Wirkstoffzubereitung oder den Wirkstoff selbst in den Boden zu injizieren. The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredients or agents is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by dipping, spraying, spraying, sprinkling, evaporating, atomizing, atomizing, sprinkling, foaming, brushing, spreading, drenching, drip irrigation and propagating material, in particular for seeds by dry pickling, wet pickling, slurry pickling, encrusting, single or multilayer coating, etc. It is also possible to apply the active ingredients by the ultra-low-volume method or to inject the active ingredient preparation or the active ingredient itself into the soil.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin Saatgut, welches gemäß einem der im vorherigen Absatz beschriebenen Verfahren behandelt wurde. Die erfindungsgemäßen Saatgüter finden Anwendung in Verfahren zum Schutz von Saatgut vor unerwünschten Mikroorganismen. Bei diesen wird ein mit wenigstens einem erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoff behandeltes Saatgut verwendet. The invention further comprises a method of treating seed. The invention further relates to seed which has been treated according to one of the methods described in the previous paragraph. The seeds according to the invention are used in methods for the protection of seed from undesirable microorganisms. In these, a seed treated with at least one active ingredient according to the invention is used.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel sind auch geeignet für die Behandlung von Saatgut. Ein großer Teil des durch Schadorganismen hervorgerufenen Schadens an Kulturpflanzen wird durch den Befall des Saatguts
während der Lagerung oder nach der Aussaat sowie während und nach der Keimung der Pflanze ausgelöst. Diese Phase ist besonders kritisch, weil die Wurzeln und Schösslinge der wachsenden Pflanze besonders empfindlich sind und auch nur eine kleine Schädigung zum Tod der Pflanze fuhren kann. Es besteht daher ein großes Interesse daran, das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze durch Einsatz geeigneter Mittel zu schützen. Die Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen durch die Behandlung des Saatguts von Pflanzen ist seit langem bekannt und ist Gegenstand ständiger Verbesserungen. Dennoch ergeben sich bei der Behandlung von Saatgut eine Reihe von Problemen, die nicht immer zufrieden stellend gelöst werden können. So ist es erstrebenswert, Verfahren zum Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze zu entwickeln, die das zusätzliche Ausbringen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln nach der Saat oder nach dem Auflaufen der Pflanzen überflüssig machen oder zumindest deutlich verringern. Es ist weiterhin erstrebenswert, die Menge des eingesetzten Wirkstoffs dahingehend zu optimieren, dass das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze vor dem Befall durch phytopathogene Pilze bestmöglich geschützt werden, ohne jedoch die Pflanze selbst durch den eingesetzten Wirkstoff zu schädigen. Insbesondere sollten Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut auch die intrinsischen fungiziden Eigenschaften transgener Pflanzen einbeziehen, um einen optimalen Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze bei einem minimalen Aufwand an Pflanzenschutzmitteln zu erreichen. The active compounds or compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of seed. Much of the damage to crops caused by harmful organisms is due to infestation of the seeds during storage or after sowing, and during and after germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical because the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and can cause only a small damage to the death of the plant. There is therefore a great interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using suitable means. The control of phytopathogenic fungi by the treatment of the seed of plants has long been known and is the subject of constant improvement. Nevertheless, there are a number of problems in the treatment of seeds that can not always be satisfactorily resolved. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant, which eliminate or at least significantly reduce the additional application of crop protection agents after sowing or after emergence of the plants. It is also desirable to optimize the amount of active ingredient used so that the seed and the germinating plant are best protected against attack by phytopathogenic fungi, but without damaging the plant itself by the active ingredient used. In particular, methods for treating seed should also include the intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant with a minimum of pesticide use.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich daher auch auf ein Verfahren zum Schutz von Saatgut und keimenden Pflanzen vor dem Befall von phytopathogenen Pilzen, indem das Saatgut mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel behandelt wird. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ebenfalls auf die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zur Behandlung von Saatgut zum Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze vor phytopathogenen Pilzen. Weiter- hin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf Saatgut, welches zum Schutz vor phytopathogenen Pilzen mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel behandelt wurde. The present invention therefore also relates to a method of protecting seed and germinating plants from the infestation of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with an agent according to the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the seed treatment agents of the invention for protecting the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed which has been treated with an agent according to the invention for protection against phytopathogenic fungi.
Die Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen, die Pflanzen nach dem Auflaufen schädigen, erfolgt in erster Linie durch die Behandlung des Bodens und der oberirdischen Pflanzenteile mit Pflanzenschutzmitteln. Aufgrund der Bedenken hinsichtlich eines möglichen Einflusses der Pflanzenschutzmittel auf die Umwelt und die Gesundheit von Menschen und Tieren gibt es Anstrengungen, die Menge der ausgebrachten Wirkstoffe zu vermindern. The control of phytopathogenic fungi, which damage plants after emergence, takes place primarily through the treatment of the soil and the above-ground parts of plants with pesticides. Due to concerns about the potential impact of crop protection products on the environment and human and animal health, efforts are being made to reduce the amount of active ingredients applied.
Einer der Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, dass aufgrund der besonderen systemischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel die Behandlung des Saatguts mit diesen Wirkstoffen bzw. Mitteln nicht nur das Saatgut selbst, sondern auch die daraus hervorgehenden Pflanzen nach dem Auflaufen vor phytopathogenen Pilzen schützt. Auf diese Weise kann die unmittelbare Behandlung der Kultur zum Zeitpunkt der Aus- saat oder kurz danach entfallen. One of the advantages of the present invention is that due to the particular systemic properties of the active compounds or compositions according to the invention, the treatment of the seeds with these active ingredients or agents protects not only the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence from phytopathogenic fungi , In this way, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly afterwards can be omitted.
Ebenso ist es als vorteilhaft anzusehen, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel insbesondere auch bei transgenem Saatgut eingesetzt werden können, wobei die aus diesem Saatgut wachsende Pflanze in der Lage ist, ein Protein zu exprimieren, welches gegen Schädlinge wirkt. Durch die Behandlung solchen Saatguts mit den erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffen bzw. Mitteln können bereits durch die Expression des beispielsweise Insektiziden Proteins bestimmte Schädlinge bekämpft werden. Überraschenderweise kann dabei ein weiterer synergistischer Effekt beobachtet werden, welcher zusätzlich die Effektivität zum Schutz gegen den Schädlingsbefall vergrößert.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eignen sich zum Schutz von Saatgut jeglicher Pflanzensorte, die in der Landwirtschaft, im Gewächshaus, in Forsten oder im Garten- und Weinbau eingesetzt wird. Insbesondere handelt es sich dabei um Saatgut von Getreide (wie Weizen, Gerste, Roggen, Triticale, Hirse und Hafer), Mais, Baumwolle, Soja, Reis, Kartoffeln, Sonnenblume, Bohne, Kaffee, Rübe (z.B. Zuckerrübe und Futterrübe), Erdnuss, Raps, Mohn, Olive, Kokosnuss, Kakao, Zuckerrohr, Tabak, Gemüse (wie Tomate, Gurke, Zwiebeln und Salat), Rasen und Zierpflanzen (siehe auch unten). Besondere Bedeutung kommt der Behandlung des Saatguts von Getreide (wie Weizen, Gerste, Roggen, Triticale und Hafer), Mais und Reis zu. Likewise, it is to be regarded as advantageous that the active compounds or agents according to the invention can also be used in particular in the case of transgenic seed, wherein the plant growing from this seed is capable of expressing a protein which acts against pests. By treating such seeds with the active compounds or agents according to the invention, it is possible to combat pests already determined by the expression of, for example, insecticidal protein. Surprisingly, a further synergistic effect can be observed, which additionally increases the effectiveness for protection against pest infestation. The compositions according to the invention are suitable for the protection of seed of any plant variety used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture and viticulture. In particular, these are seeds of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet and oats), corn, cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, bean, coffee, turnip (eg sugarbeet and fodder beet), peanut, Rapeseed, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), turf and ornamental plants (see also below). Of particular importance is the treatment of the seeds of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats), corn and rice.
Wie auch weiter unten beschrieben, ist die Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut mit den erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffen bzw. Mitteln von besonderer Bedeutung. Dies betrifft das Saatgut von Pflanzen, die wenigstens ein heterologes Gen enthalten, das die Expression eines Polypeptids oder Proteins mit Insektiziden Eigenschaften ermöglicht. Das heterologe Gen in transgenem Saatgut kann z.B. aus Mikroorganismen der Arten Bacillus, Rhizobi- um, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus oder Gliocladium stammen. Bevorzugt stammt dieses heterologe Gen aus Bacillus sp., wobei das Genprodukt eine Wirkung gegen den Maiszünsler (European com borer) und/oder Western Com Rootworm besitzt. Besonders bevorzugt stammt das heterologe Gen aus Bacil- lus thuringiensis. As also described below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the active compounds or agents according to the invention is of particular importance. This concerns the seed of plants containing at least one heterologous gene which allows expression of a polypeptide or protein having insecticidal properties. The heterologous gene in transgenic seed may e.g. from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. Preferably, this heterologous gene is derived from Bacillus sp., Wherein the gene product has an activity against the European corn borer and / or Western Com Rootworm. The heterologous gene is particularly preferably derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das erfindungsgemäße Mittel alleine oder in einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das Saatgut in einem Zustand behandelt, in dem so stabil ist, dass keine Schäden bei der Behandlung auftreten. Im Allgemeinen kann die Behandlung des Saatguts zu jedem Zeitpunkt zwischen der Ernte und der Aussaat erfolgen. Üblicherweise wird Saatgut verwendet, das von der Pflanze getrennt und von Kolben, Schalen, Stängeln, Hülle, Wolle oder Fruchtfleisch befreit wurde. So kann zum Beispiel Saatgut verwendet werden, das geemtet, gereinigt und bis zu einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von unter 15 Gew.-% getrocknet wurde. Alternativ kann auch Saatgut verwendet werden, das nach dem Trocknen z.B. mit Wasser behandelt und dann erneut getrocknet wurde. In the context of the present invention, the agent according to the invention is applied to the seed alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a condition that is so stable that no damage occurs during the treatment. In general, the treatment of the seed can be done at any time between harvesting and sowing. Usually, seed is used which has been separated from the plant and freed from flasks, shells, stems, hull, wool or pulp. For example, seed may be used which has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of below 15% by weight. Alternatively, seed may also be used which, after drying, e.g. treated with water and then dried again.
Im Allgemeinen muss bei der Behandlung des Saatguts darauf geachtet werden, dass die Menge des auf das Saat- gut aufgebrachten erfindungsgemäßen Mittels und/oder weiterer Zusatzstoffe so gewählt wird, dass die Keimung des Saatguts nicht beeinträchtigt bzw. die daraus hervorgehende Pflanze nicht geschädigt wird. Dies ist vor allem bei Wirkstoffen zu beachten, die in bestimmten Aufwandmengen phytotoxische Effekte zeigen können. In general, care must be taken in the treatment of the seed that the amount of the agent of the invention applied to the seed and / or other additives is chosen so that the germination of the seed is not impaired or the resulting plant is not damaged. This is especially important for active ingredients, which can show phytotoxic effects in certain application rates.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können unmittelbar aufgebracht werden, also ohne weitere Komponenten zu enthalten und ohne verdünnt worden zu sein. In der Regel ist es vorzuziehen, die Mittel in Form einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut aufzubringen. Geeignete Formulierungen und Verfahren für die Saatgutbehandlung sind dem Fachmann bekannt und werden z.B. in den folgenden Dokumenten beschrieben: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 AI, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186. The agents according to the invention can be applied directly, ie without containing further components and without being diluted. In general, it is preferable to apply the agents to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to those skilled in the art and are described e.g. in the following documents: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 AI, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Wirkstoffe können in die üblichen Beizmittel-Formulierungen überführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Suspensionen, Pulver, Schäume, Slurries oder andere Hüllmassen für Saatgut, sowie ULV-Formulierungen.
r The active compounds which can be used according to the invention can be converted into the customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other seed coating compositions, as well as ULV formulations. r
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Diese Formulierungen werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, indem man die Wirkstoffe mit üblichen Zusatzstoffen vermischt, wie zum Beispiel übliche Streckmittel sowie Lösungs- oder Verdünnungsmittel, Farbstoffe, Netzmittel, Dispergiermittel, Emulgatoren, Entschäumer, Konservierungsmittel, sekundäre Verdickungsmittel, Kleber, Gibberelline und auch Wasser. Als Farbstoffe, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle für derartige Zwecke üblichen Farbstoffe in Betracht. Dabei sind sowohl in Wasser wenig lösliche Pigmente als auch in Wasser lösliche Farbstoffe verwendbar. Als Beispiele genannt seien die unter den Bezeichnungen Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 und C.I. Solvent Red 1 bekannten Farbstoffe. These formulations are prepared in a known manner by mixing the active ingredients with conventional additives, such as conventional extenders and solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and water. Dyes which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all dyes customary for such purposes. Both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes are useful in this case. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1 known dyes.
Als Netzmittel, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen, die Benetzung fördernden Stoffe in Frage. Vorzugsweise verwendbar sind Alkylnaphthalin-Sulfonate, wie Diisopropyl- oder Diisobutyl-naphthalin- Sulfonate. Suitable wetting agents which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all wetting-promoting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Preferably used are alkylnaphthalene sulfonates such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalene sulfonates.
Als Dispergiermittel und/oder Emulgatoren, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen nichtionischen, anionischen und kationischen Dispergiermittel in Betracht. Vorzugsweise verwendbar sind nichtionische oder anionische Dispergiermittel oder Gemische von nichtionischen oder anionischen Dispergiermitteln. Als geeignete nichtionische Dispergiermittel sind insbesondere Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid Blockpolymere, Alkylphenolpolyglykolether sowie Tristryrylphenolpolyglykolether und deren phosphatierte oder sulfa- tierte Derivate zu nennen. Geeignete anionische Dispergiermittel sind insbesondere Ligninsulfonate, Poly- acrylsäuresalze und Arylsulfonat-Formaldehydkondensate. Suitable dispersants and / or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Preferably usable are nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are, in particular, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide, block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ethers and their phosphated or sulfated derivatives. Suitable anionic dispersants are in particular lignosulfonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulfonate-formaldehyde condensates.
Als Entschäumer können in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen schaumhemmenden Stoffe enthalten sein. Vorzugsweise verwendbar sind Silikonentschäumer und Magnesiumstearat. Defoamers which may be present in the seed-dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Preferably usable are silicone defoamers and magnesium stearate.
Als Konservierungsmittel können in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen alle für der- artige Zwecke in agrochemischen Mitteln einsetzbaren Stoffe vorhanden sein. Beispielhaft genannt seien Dichlo- rophen und Benzylalkoholhemiformal. Preservatives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are dichlo- rophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
Als sekundäre Verdickungsmittel, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle für derartige Zwecke in agrochemischen Mitteln einsetzbaren Stoffe infrage. Vorzugsweise in Betracht kommen Cellulosederivate, Acrylsäurederivate, Xanthan, modifizierte Tone und hoch- disperse Kieselsäure. Suitable secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and highly dispersed silicic acid.
Als Kleber, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle üblichen in Beizmitteln einsetzbaren Bindemittel in Frage. Vorzugsweise genannt seien Polyvinylpyrro- lidon, Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol und Tylose. Suitable adhesives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all customary binders which can be used in pickling agents. Preferably mentioned are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and Tylose.
Als Gibberelline, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen enthalten sein können,
kommen vorzugsweise die Gibberelline AI, A3 (= Gibberellinsäure), A4 und A7 infrage, besonders bevorzugt verwendet man die Gibberellinsäure. Die Gibberelline sind bekannt (vgl. R. Wegler„Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel", Bd. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, S. 401-412). As gibberellins which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention, are preferably the gibberellins AI, A3 (= gibberellic acid), A4 and A7 in question, particularly preferably used the gibberellic acid. The gibberellins are known (see R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekungsmittel", Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412).
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen können entweder direkt oder nach vorherigem Verdünnen mit Wasser zur Behandlung von Saatgut der verschiedensten Art, auch von Saatgut transgener Pflanzen, eingesetzt werden. Dabei können im Zusammenwirken mit den durch Expression gebildeten Substanzen auch zusätzliche synergistische Effekte auftreten. The seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention can be used either directly or after prior dilution with water for the treatment of seed of various kinds, including seed of transgenic plants. In this case, additional synergistic effects may occur in interaction with the substances formed by expression.
Zur Behandlung von Saatgut mit den erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Beizmittel-Formulierungen oder den daraus durch Zugabe von Wasser hergestellten Zubereitungen kommen alle üblicherweise für die Beizung einsetzbaren Mischgeräte in Betracht. Im einzelnen geht man bei der Beizung so vor, dass man das Saatgut in einen Mischer gibt, die jeweils gewünschte Menge an Beizmittel-Formulierungen entweder als solche oder nach vorherigem Verdünnen mit Wasser hinzufügt und bis zur gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Formulierung auf dem Saatgut mischt. Gegebenenfalls schließt sich ein Trocknungsvorgang an. For the treatment of seed with the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention or the preparations prepared therefrom by the addition of water, all mixing devices customarily usable for the dressing can be considered. Specifically, in the pickling procedure, the seed is placed in a mixer which adds either desired amount of seed dressing formulations either as such or after prior dilution with water and mixes until evenly distributed the formulation on the seed. Optionally, a drying process follows.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel weisen eine starke mikrobizide Wirkung auf und können zur Be- kämpfung von unerwünschten Mikroorganismen, wie Pilzen und Bakterien, im Pflanzenschutz und im Materialschutz eingesetzt werden. The active compounds or compositions according to the invention have a strong microbicidal action and can be used to combat unwanted microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
Fungizide lassen sich Pflanzenschutz zur Bekämpfung von Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytri- diomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes und Deuteromycetes einsetzen. Fungicides can be used for the control of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytriomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Bakterizide lassen sich im Pflanzenschutz zur Bekämpfung von Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacte- riaceae, Corynebacteriaceae und Streptomycetaceae einsetzen. Bactericides can be used in crop protection to combat Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
Die erfindungsgemäßen fungiziden Mittel können zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen kurativ oder protektiv eingesetzt werden. Die Erfindung betrifft daher auch kurative und protektive Verfahren zum Bekämpfen von phytopathogenen Pilzen durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe oder Mittel, welche auf das Saatgut, die Pflanze oder Pflanzenteile, die Früchten oder den Boden, in welcher die Pflanzen wachsen, aus- gebracht wird. The fungicidal compositions according to the invention can be used curatively or protectively for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. The invention therefore also relates to curative and protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi by the use of the active compounds or agents according to the invention, which is applied to the seed, the plant or plant parts, the fruits or the soil in which the plants grow.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zum Bekämpfen von phytopathogenen Pilzen im Pflanzenschutz umfassen eine wirksame, aber nicht-phytotoxische Menge der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe. „Wirksame, aber nicht- phytotoxische Menge" bedeutet eine Menge des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels, die ausreichend ist, um die Pilzerkrankung der Pflanze ausreichend zu kontrollieren oder ganz abzutöten und die gleichzeitig keine nennenswerten Symptome von Phytotoxizität mit sich bringt. Diese Aufwandmenge kann im Allgemeinen in einem größeren Bereich variieren. Sie hängt von mehreren Faktoren ab, z.B. vom zu bekämpfenden Pilz, der Pflanze, den klimatischen Verhältnissen und den Inhaltsstoffen der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel. The compositions of the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection comprise an effective but non-phytotoxic amount of the active compounds according to the invention. "Effective but non-phytotoxic amount" means an amount of the agent of the invention sufficient to control or completely kill the fungal disease of the plant and at the same time not cause any significant symptoms of phytotoxicity It depends on several factors, for example on the fungus to be controlled, the plant, the climatic conditions and the ingredients of the agents according to the invention.
Die gute Pflanzenverträglichkeit der Wirkstoffe in den zur Bekämpfung von Pflanzenkrankheiten notwendigen Konzentrationen erlaubt eine Behandlung von oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen, von Pflanz- und Saatgut, und des
Bodens. The good plant tolerance of the active ingredients in the necessary concentrations for controlling plant diseases allows treatment of aboveground plant parts, of plant and seed, and Soil.
Erfindungsgemäß können alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile behandelt werden. Unter Pflanzen werden hierbei alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen verstanden, wie erwünschte und unerwünschte Wildpflanzen oder Kulturpflanzen (einschließlich natürlich vorkommender Kulturpflanzen). Kulturpflanzen können Pflanzen sein, die durch konventionelle Züchtungs- und Optimierungsmethoden oder durch biotechnologische und gentechnologische Methoden oder Kombinationen dieser Methoden erhalten werden können, einschließlich der transgenen Pflanzen und einschließlich der durch Sortenschutzrechte schützbaren oder nicht schützbaren Pflanzensorten. Unter Pflanzenteilen sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Spross, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stängel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Samen sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, beispielsweise Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und Samen. According to the invention, all plants and parts of plants can be treated. In this context, plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all aboveground and subterranean parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples of which include leaves, needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe eignen sich bei guter Pflanzenverträglichkeit, günstiger Warmblütertoxizität und guter Umweltverträglichkeit zum Schutz von Pflanzen und Pflanzenorganen, zur Steigerung der Ernteerträge, Verbesserung der Qualität des Erntegutes. Sie können vorzugsweise als Pflanzenschutzmittel eingesetzt werden. Sie sind gegen normal sensible und resistente Arten sowie gegen alle oder einzelne Entwicklungsstadien wirksam. The active compounds according to the invention are suitable for good plant tolerance, favorable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and good environmental compatibility for the protection of plants and plant organs, for increasing crop yields, improving the quality of the harvested crop. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development.
Als Pflanzen, welche erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, seien folgende Hauptanbaupflanzen erwähnt: Mais, Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Brassica Ölsaaten wie Brassica napus (z.B. Canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (z.B. (Acker-)Senf) und Brassica carinata, Reis, Weizen Zuckerrübe, Zurckerrohr, Hafer, Roggen, Gerste, Hirse, Triti- cale, Flachs, Wein und verschiedene Früchte und Gemüse von verschiedenen botanischen Taxa wie z.B. Rosaceae sp. (beispielsweise Kernfrüchte wie Apfel und Birne, aber auch Steinfrüchte wie Aprikosen, Kirschen, Mandeln und Pfirsiche und Beerenfrüchte wie Erdbeeren), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardi- aceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (beispielsweise Bananenbäume und -plantagen), Rubiaceae sp. (beispielsweise Kaffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (beispielsweise Zitronen, Orangen und Grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (beispielsweise Tomaten, Kartoffeln, Pfeffer, Auberginen), Liliaceae sp., Compositae sp. (beispielsweise Salat, Artischocke and Chicoree - einschließlich Wurzelchicoree, Endivie oder gemeinen Chicoree), Umbelliferae sp. (beispielsweise Karrotte, Petersilie, Stangensellerie und Knollensellerie), Cucurbitaceae sp. (beispielsweise Gurke - einschließlich Gewürzgurke, Kürbis, Wassermelone, Flaschenkürbis und Melonen), Alliaceae sp. (beispielsweise Lauch und Zwiebel), Crucife- rae sp. (beispielsweise Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Brokkoli, Blumenkohl, Rosenkohl, Pak Choi, Kohlrabi, Radieschen, Meerrettich, Kresse und Chinakohl), Leguminosae sp. (beispielsweise Erdnüsse, Erbsen, und Bohnen - wie z.B. Stangenbohne und Ackerbohne), Chenopodiaceae sp. (beispielsweise Mangold, Futterrübe, Spinat, Rote Rübe), Malvaceae (beispielsweise Okra), Asparagaceae (beispielsweise Spargel); Nutzpflanzen und Zierpflanzen in Garten und Wald; sowie jeweils genetisch modifizierte Arten dieser Pflanzen. Wie bereits oben erwähnt, können erfindungsgemäß alle Pflanzen und deren Teile behandelt werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden wild vorkommende oder durch konventionelle biologische Zuchtmethoden, wie Kreuzung oder Protoplastenfusion erhaltenen Pflanzenarten und Pflanzensorten sowie deren Teile behandelt.
Λ As plants which can be treated according to the invention, the following main crops are mentioned: maize, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (eg canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (eg (field) mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, Wheat sugar beet, cane, oats, rye, barley, millet, triti- cale, flax, wine and various fruits and vegetables of various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae sp. (for example, pome fruits such as apple and pear, but also drupes such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp. , Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for example, banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (for example, coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for example, lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (for example, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplants), Liliaceae sp., Compositae sp. (for example, lettuce, artichoke and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (for example, carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (for example cucumber - including gherkin, squash, watermelon, gourd and melons), Alliaceae sp. leek and onion), Cruciferae sp. (for example, white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (for example, peanuts, peas, and beans - such as barley bean and field bean), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example, Swiss chard, fodder beet, spinach, beetroot), Malvaceae (for example okra), asparagaceae (for example asparagus); Useful plants and ornamental plants in the garden and forest; and each genetically modified species of these plants. As already mentioned above, according to the invention all plants and their parts can be treated. In a preferred embodiment, wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and plant cultivars and their parts are treated. Λ
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In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die durch gentechnologische Methoden gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit konventionellen Methoden erhalten wurden (Ge- netically Modified Organisms) und deren Teile behandelt. Der Begriff„Teile" bzw.„Teile von Pflanzen" oder „Pflanzenteile" wurde oben erläutert. Besonders bevorzugt werden erfindungsgemäß Pflanzen der jeweils han- delsüblichen oder in Gebrauch befindlichen Pflanzensorten behandelt. Unter Pflanzensorten versteht man Pflanzen mit neuen Eigenschaften („Traits"), die sowohl durch konventionelle Züchtung, durch Mutagenese oder durch re- kombinante DNA-Techniken gezüchtet worden sind. Dies können Sorten, Rassen, Bio- und Genotypen sein. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The term "parts" or "parts of plants" or "plant parts" has been explained above, plants according to the invention being treated according to the invention are in each case commercially available or in use. , which have been bred either by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These may be varieties, breeds, biotypes and genotypes.
Das erfindungsgemäße Behandlungsverfahren kann für die Behandlung von genetisch modifizierten Organismen (GMOs), z. B. Pflanzen oder Samen, verwendet werden. Genetisch modifizierte Pflanzen (oder transgene Pflan- zen) sind Pflanzen, bei denen ein heterologes Gen stabil in das Genom integriert worden ist. Der Begriff„hetero- loges Gen" bedeutet im wesentlichen ein Gen, das außerhalb der Pflanze bereitgestellt oder assembliert wird und das bei Einführung in das Zellkerngenom, das Chloroplastengenom oder das Mitochondriengenom der transformierten Pflanze dadurch neue oder verbesserte agronomische oder sonstige Eigenschaften verleiht, dass es ein interessierendes Protein oder Polypeptid exprimiert oder dass es ein anderes Gen, das in der Pflanze vorliegt bzw. andere Gene, die in der Pflanze vorliegen, herunterreguliert oder abschaltet (zum Beispiel mittels Antisense- Technologie, Cosuppressionstechnologie oder RNAi-Technologie [RNA Interference]). Ein heterologes Gen, das im Genom vorliegt, wird ebenfalls als Transgen bezeichnet. Ein Transgen, das durch sein spezifisches Vorliegen im Pflanzengenom definiert ist, wird als Transformations- bzw. transgenes Event bezeichnet. The treatment method of the invention may be used for the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. As plants or seeds are used. Genetically modified plants (or transgenic plants) are plants in which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into the genome. The term "heterologous gene" essentially refers to a gene that is provided or assembled outside the plant and that when introduced into the nuclear genome, chloroplast genome or mitochondrial genome imparts new or improved agronomic or other properties to the transformed plant expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or that it downregulates or shuts down another gene present in the plant or other genes present in the plant (for example by means of antisense technology, cosuppression technology or RNAi technology [RNA Interference]) A heterologous gene present in the genome is also referred to as a transgene A transgene defined by its specific presence in the plant genome is referred to as a transformation or transgenic event.
In Abhängigkeit von den Pflanzenarten oder Pflanzensorten, ihrem Standort und ihren Wachstumsbedingungen (Böden, Klima, Vegetationsperiode, Ernährung) kann die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung auch zu überadditiven („synergistischen") Effekten führen. So sind zum Beispiel die folgenden Effekte möglich, die über die eigentlich zu erwartenden Effekte hinausgehen: verringerte Aufwandmengen und/oder erweitertes Wirkungsspektrum und/oder erhöhte Wirksamkeit der Wirkstoffe und Zusammensetzungen, die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden können, besseres Pflanzenwachstum, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber Trockenheit oder Wasser- oder Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhte Blühleistung, Ernteerleichterung, Reifebeschleunigung, höhere Erträge, größere Früchte, größere Pflanzenhöhe, intensiver grüne Farbe des Blatts, frühere Blüte, höhere Qualität und/oder höherer Nährwert der Ernteprodukte, höhere Zuckerkonzentration in den Früchten, bessere Lagerfähigkeit und/oder Verarbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte. Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and their growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention can also lead to superadditive ("synergistic") effects.For example, the following effects are possible expected effects: reduced rates of application and / or extended spectrum of activity and / or increased efficacy of the active ingredients and compositions which can be used according to the invention, improved plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salt content, increased Flowering, harvest relief, ripening, higher yields, larger fruits, greater plant height, intense green color of the leaf, earlier flowering, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration in the F crops, better shelf life and / or processability of the harvested products.
In gewissen Aufwandmengen können die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe auch eine stärkende Wirkung auf Pflan- zen ausüben. Sie eignen sich daher für die Mobilisierung des pflanzlichen Abwehrsystems gegen Angriff durch unerwünschte phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder Viren. Dies kann gegebenenfalls einer der Gründe für die erhöhte Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Kombinationen sein, zum Beispiel gegen Pilze. Pflanzenstärkende (resistenzinduzierende) Substanzen sollen im vorliegenden Zusammenhang auch solche Substanzen oder Substanzkombinationen bedeuten, die fähig sind, das pflanzliche Abwehrsystem so zu stimulieren, dass die behandelten Pflanzen, wenn sie im Anschluss daran mit unerwünschten phytopathogenen Pilzen inokuliert wurde, einen beträchtlichen Resistenzgrad gegen diese unerwünschten phytopathogenen Pilze aufweisen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Substanzen lassen sich daher zum Schutz von Pflanzen gegen Angriff durch die erwähnten
_ At certain application rates, the active compounds according to the invention can also exert a strengthening effect on plants. They are therefore suitable for mobilizing the plant defense system against attack by undesirable phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or viruses. This may optionally be one of the reasons for the increased effectiveness of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi. Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context should also mean those substances or substance combinations capable of stimulating the plant defense system in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable phytopathogenic fungi, have a considerable degree of resistance to these undesired ones exhibit phytopathogenic fungi. The substances according to the invention can therefore be used to protect plants against attack by the mentioned _
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Pathogene innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraums nach der Behandlung einsetzen. Der Zeitraum, über den eine Schutzwirkung erzielt wird, erstreckt sich im allgemeinen von 1 bis 10 Tagen, vorzugsweise 1 bis 7 Tagen, nach der Behandlung der Pflanzen mit den Wirkstoffen. Use pathogens within a period of time after treatment. The period of time over which a protective effect is achieved generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active substances.
Zu Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die vorzugsweise erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden, zählen alle Pflanzen, die über Erbgut verfügen, das diesen Pflanzen besonders vorteilhafte, nützliche Merkmale verleiht (egal, ob dies durch Züchtung und/oder Biotechnologie erzielt wurde). Plants and plant varieties which are preferably treated according to the invention include all plants which have genetic material conferring on these plants particularly advantageous, useful features (whether obtained by breeding and / or biotechnology).
Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die ebenfalls vorzugsweise erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden, sind gegen einen oder mehrere biotische Stressfaktoren resistent, d. h. diese Pflanzen weisen eine verbesserte Abwehr gegen tierische und mikrobielle Schädlinge wie Nematoden, Insekten, Milben, phytopathogene Pilze, Bakterien, Viren und/oder Viroide auf. Plants and plant varieties which are also preferably treated according to the invention are resistant to one or more biotic stressors, i. H. These plants have an improved defense against animal and microbial pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids.
Beispiele für Nematoden-resistente Pflanzen sind z.B. in folgenden US Patentanmeldungen beschrieben: 11/765,491, 11/765,494, 10/926,819, 10/782,020, 12/032,479, 10/783,417, 10/782,096, 11/657,964, 12/192,904, 11/396,808, 12/166,253, 12/166,239, 12/166,124, 12/166,209, 11/762,886, 12/364,335, 11/763,947, 12/252,453, 12/209,354, 12/491,396 und 12/497,221. Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind solche Pflanzen, die gegen einen oder mehrere abiotische Stressfaktoren resistent sind. Zu den abiotischen Stressbedingungen können zum Beispiel Dürre, Kälte- und Hitzebedingungen, osmotischer Stress, Staunässe, erhöhter Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhtes Ausgesetztsein an Mineralien, Ozonbedingungen, Starklichtbedingungen, beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Stickstoffnährstoffen, beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Phosphornährstoffen oder Vermeidung von Schatten zählen. Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind solche Pflanzen, die durch erhöhte Ertrags eigens chatten gekennzeichnet sind. Ein erhöhter Ertrag kann bei diesen Pflanzen z. B. auf verbesserter Pflanzenphysiologie, verbessertem Pflanzenwuchs und verbesserter Pflanzenentwicklung, wie Was- serverwertungseffrzienz, Wasserhalteeffrzienz, verbesserter Stickstoffverwertung, erhöhter Kohlenstoffassimilation, verbesserter Photosynthese, verstärkter Keimkraft und beschleunigter Abreife beruhen. Der Ertrag kann wei- terhin durch eine verbesserte Pflanzenarchitektur (unter Stress- und Nicht-Stress-Bedingungen) beeinflusst werden, darunter frühe Blüte, Kontrolle der Blüte für die Produktion von Hybridsaatgut, Keimpflanzenwüchsigkeit, Pflanzengröße, Internodienzahl und -abstand, Wurzelwachstum, Samengröße, Fruchtgröße, Schotengröße, Schoten- oder Ährenzahl, Anzahl der Samen pro Schote oder Ähre, Samenmasse, verstärkte Samenfüllung, verringerter Samenausfall, verringertes Schotenplatzen sowie Standfestigkeit. Zu weiteren Ertragsmerkmalen zählen Samen- Zusammensetzung wie Kohlenhydratgehalt, Proteingehalt, Ölgehalt und Ölzusammensetzung, Nährwert, Verringerung der nährwidrigen Verbindungen, verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit und verbesserte Lagerfähigkeit. Examples of nematode-resistant plants are e.g. in the following US patent applications: 11 / 765,491, 11 / 765,494, 10 / 926,819, 10 / 782,020, 12 / 032,479, 10 / 783,417, 10 / 782,096, 11 / 657,964, 12 / 192,904, 11 / 396,808, 12 / 166,253, 12 / 166,239, 12 / 166,124, 12 / 166,209, 11 / 762,886, 12 / 364,335, 11 / 763,947, 12 / 252,453, 12 / 209,354, 12 / 491,396 and 12 / 497,221. Plants and plant varieties which can also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stress factors. Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold and heat conditions, osmotic stress, waterlogging, increased soil salinity, increased exposure to minerals, ozone conditions, high light conditions, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorous nutrients, or avoidance of shade. Plants and plant varieties which can also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are characterized by increased yield chats specifically. An increased yield can in these plants z. These include, for example, improved plant physiology, improved plant growth, and improved plant development, such as water efficiency, water retention, improved nitrogen utilization, increased carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, enhanced germination, and accelerated maturation. Yield can be further influenced by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including early flowering, control of flowering for hybrid seed production, seedling growth, plant size, internode count and spacing, root growth, seed size, Fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, number of seeds per pod or ear, seed mass, increased seed filling, reduced seed drop, reduced pod popping and stability. Other yield-related traits include seed composition such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and oil composition, nutritional value, reduction in nontoxic compounds, improved processability, and improved shelf life.
Pflanzen, die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Hybridpflanzen, die bereits die Eigenschaften der Heterosis bzw. des Hybrideffekts exprimieren, was im Allgemeinen zu höherem Ertrag, höherer Wüchsigkeit, besserer Gesundheit und besserer Resistenz gegen biotische und abiotische Stressfaktoren führt. Solche Pflanzen werden typischerweise dadurch erzeugt, dass man eine ingezüchtete pollensterile Elternlinie (den weiblichen
„ Plants which can be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants which already express the properties of the heterosis or the hybrid effect, which generally leads to higher yield, higher vigor, better health and better resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Such plants are typically produced by cultivating an inbred male sterile parental line (the female "
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Kreuzungspartner) mit einer anderen ingezüchteten pollenfertilen Elternlinie (dem männlichen Kreuzungspartner) kreuzt. Das Hybridsaatgut wird typischerweise von den pollensterilen Pflanzen geerntet und an Vermehrer verkauft. Pollensterile Pflanzen können manchmal (z. B. beim Mais) durch Entfahnen (d.h. mechanischem Entfernen der männlichen Geschlechtsorgane bzw. der männlichen Blüten), produziert werden; es ist jedoch üblicher, dass die Pollensterilität auf genetischen Determinanten im Pflanzengenom beruht. In diesem Fall, insbesondere dann, wenn es sich bei dem gewünschten Produkt, da man von den Hybridpflanzen ernten will, um die Samen handelt, ist es üblicherweise günstig, sicherzustellen, dass die Pollenfertilität in Hybridpflanzen, die die für die Pollensterilität verantwortlichen genetischen Determinanten enthalten, völlig restoriert wird. Dies kann erreicht werden, indem sichergestellt wird, dass die männlichen Kreuzungspartner entsprechende Fertilitätsrestorergene besitzen, die in der Lage sind, die Pollenfertilität in Hybridpflanzen, die die genetischen Determinanten, die für die Pollensterilität verantwortlich sind, enthalten, zu restorieren. Genetische Determinanten für Pollensterilität können im Cyto- plasma lokalisiert sein. Beispiele für cytoplasmatische Pollensterilität (CMS) wurden zum Beispiel für Brassica- Arten beschrieben. Genetische Determinanten für Pollensterilität können jedoch auch im Zellkerngenom lokalisiert sein. Pollensterile Pflanzen können auch mit Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie Gentechnik, er- halten werden. Ein besonders günstiges Mittel zur Erzeugung von pollensterilen Pflanzen ist in WO 89/10396 beschrieben, wobei zum Beispiel eine Ribonuklease wie eine Barnase selektiv in den Tapetumzellen in den Staubblättern exprimiert wird. Die Fertilität kann dann durch Expression eines Ribonukleasehemmers wie Barstar in den Tapetumzellen restoriert werden. Crossing partner) with another inbred male fertile parent line (the male crossover partner). The hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to propagators. Pollen sterile plants can sometimes be produced (e.g., in maize) by delaving (i.e., mechanically removing the male genitalia (s)); however, it is more common for male sterility to be due to genetic determinants in the plant genome. In this case, especially when the desired product, as one wants to harvest from the hybrid plants, is the seeds, it is usually beneficial to ensure that the pollen fertility in hybrid plants containing the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility , completely restored. This can be accomplished by ensuring that the male crossing partners possess appropriate fertility restorer genes capable of restoring pollen fertility in hybrid plants containing the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility. Genetic determinants of pollen sterility may be localized in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been described, for example, for Brassica species. However, genetic determinants of pollen sterility may also be localized in the nuclear genome. Pollen sterile plants can also be obtained using plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering. A particularly convenient means of producing male-sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396, wherein, for example, a ribonuclease such as a barnase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. The fertility can then be restorated by expression of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar in the tapetum cells.
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die mit Methoden der Pflanzenbiotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wer- den), die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind herbizidtolerante Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen, die gegenüber einem oder mehreren vorgegebenen Herbiziden tolerant gemacht worden sind. Solche Pflanzen können entweder durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Herbizidtoleranz verleiht, erhalten werden. Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering) which can be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i. H. Plants tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such herbicide tolerance.
Herbizidtolerante Pflanzen sind zum Beispiel glyphosatetolerante Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen, die gegenüber dem Herbizid Glyphosate oder dessen Salzen tolerant gemacht worden sind. Pflanzen können mit verschiedenen Methoden tolerant gegenüber Glyphosate gemacht werden. So können zum Beispiel glyphosatetolerante Pflanzen durch Transformation der Pflanze mit einem Gen, das für das Enzym 5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphatsynthase (EPSPS) kodiert, erhalten werden. Beispiele für solche EPSPS-Gene sind das AroA-Gen (Mutante CT7) des Bakterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), das CP4-Gen des Bakteriums Agro- bacterium sp. (Barry et al., 1992, Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 7, 139-145), die Gene, die für eine EPSPS aus der Petunie (Shah et al., 1986, Science 233, 478-481), für eine EPSPS aus der Tomate (Gasser et al., 1988, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 4280-4289) oder für eine EPSPS aus Eleusine (WO 01/66704) kodieren. Es kann sich auch um eine mutierte EPSPS handeln. Glyphosate-tolerante Pflanzen können auch dadurch erhalten werden, dass man ein Gen exprimiert, das für ein Glyphosate-Oxidoreduktase-Enzym kodiert. Glyphosate-tolerante Pflanzen können auch dadurch erhalten werden, dass man ein Gen exprimiert, das für ein Glyphosate-acetyltransferase-Enzym kodiert. Glyphosatetolerante Pflanzen können auch dadurch erhalten werden, dass man Pflanzen, die natürlich vorkommende Mutationen der oben erwähnten Gene selektiert. Pflanzen, die EPSPS Gene, welche Glyphosate-Toleranz
„„ Herbicide-tolerant plants are, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants, ie plants that have been tolerated to the herbicide glyphosate or its salts. Plants can be made tolerant to glyphosate by various methods. Thus, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Barry et al., 1992, Curr. Topics Plant Physiol., 7, 139-145), the genes useful for EPSPS from petunia (Shah et al., 1986, Science 233, 478-481), for an EPSPS from tomato (Gasser et al., 1988, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 4280-4289) or for an EPSPS from Eleusine (WO 01/66704). It can also be a mutated EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate acetyltransferase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants which select naturally occurring mutations of the above mentioned genes. Plants, the EPSPS genes, which glyphosate tolerance ""
- 22 - verleihen, exprimieren, sind beschrieben. Pflanzen, welche andere Gene exprimieren, die Glyphosate-Toleranz verleihen, z.B. Decarboxylase-Gene, sind beschrieben. - 22 - lend, express, are described. Plants expressing other genes conferring glyphosate tolerance, e.g. Decarboxylase genes are described.
Sonstige herbizidresistente Pflanzen sind zum Beispiel Pflanzen, die gegenüber Herbiziden, die das Enzym Glu- taminsynthase hemmen, wie Bialaphos, Phosphinotricin oder Glufosinate, tolerant gemacht worden sind. Solche Pflanzen können dadurch erhalten werden, dass man ein Enzym exprimiert, das das Herbizid oder eine Mutante des Enzyms Glutaminsynthase, das gegenüber Hemmung resistent ist, entgiftet. Solch ein wirksames entgiftendes Enzym ist zum Beispiel ein Enzym, das für ein Phosphinotricin-acetyltransferase kodiert (wie zum Beispiel das bar- oder pat-Protein aus Streptomyces-Arten). Pflanzen, die eine exogene Phosphinotricin-acetyltransferase exprimieren, sind beschrieben. Weitere herbizidtolerante Pflanzen sind auch Pflanzen, die gegenüber den Herbiziden, die das Enzym Hydroxy- phenylpyruvatdioxygenase (HPPD) hemmen, tolerant gemacht worden sind. Bei den Hydroxyphenylpyruvatdi- oxygenasen handelt es sich um Enzyme, die die Reaktion, in der para-Hydroxyphenylpyruvat (HPP) zu Homogen- tisat umgesetzt wird, katalysieren. Pflanzen, die gegenüber HPPD-Hemmern tolerant sind, können mit einem Gen, das für ein natürlich vorkommendes resistentes HPPD-Enzym kodiert, oder einem Gen, das für ein mutiertes oder chimäres HPPD-Enzym kodiert, transformiert werden, wie in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387 oder US 6,768,044 beschrieben. Eine Toleranz gegenüber HPPD-Hemmern kann auch dadurch erzielt werden, dass man Pflanzen mit Genen transformiert, die für gewisse Enzyme kodieren, die die Bildung von Homogentisat trotz Hemmung des nativen HPPD-Enzyms durch den HPPD-Hemmer ermöglichen. Solche Pflanzen sind in WO 99/34008 und WO 02/36787 beschrieben. Die Toleranz von Pflanzen gegen- über HPPD-Hemmern kann auch dadurch verbessert werden, dass man Pflanzen zusätzlich zu einem Gen, das für ein HPPD-tolerantes Enzym kodiert, mit einem Gen transformiert, das für ein Prephenatdehydrogenase-Enzym kodiert, wie in WO 2004/024928 beschrieben ist. Außerdem können Pflanzen noch toleranter gegen HPPD- Hemmern gemacht werden, indem man ein Gen in ihr Genom einfügt, welches für ein Enzym kodiert, das HPPD- Hemmer metabolisiert oder abbaut, wie z.B. CYP450 Enzyme (siehe WO 2007/103567 und WO 2008/150473). Weitere herbizidresistente Pflanzen sind Pflanzen, die gegenüber Acetolactatsynthase (ALS)-Hemmern tolerant gemacht worden sind. Zu bekannten ALS-Hemmern zählen zum Beispiel Sulfonylharnstoff, Imidazolinon, Tria- zolopyrimidine, Pyrimidinyloxy(thio)benzoate und/oder Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinon-Herbizide. Es ist bekannt, dass verschiedene Mutationen im Enzym ALS (auch als Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase, AHAS, bekannt) eine Toleranz gegenüber unterschiedlichen Herbiziden bzw. Gruppen von Herbiziden verleihen wie z.B. in Tranel und Wright (Weed Science 2002, 50, 700-712) beschrieben ist. Die Herstellung von sulfonylharnstofftoleranten Pflanzen und imidazolinontoleranten Pflanzen ist beschrieben. Weitere Sulfonylharnstoff- und imidazolinontole- rante Pflanzen sind auch beschrieben. Other herbicidally resistant plants are, for example, plants which have been tolerated against herbicides which inhibit the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinotricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme which detoxifies the herbicide or a mutant of the enzyme glutamine synthase, which is resistant to inhibition. Such an effective detoxifying enzyme is, for example, an enzyme encoding a phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinotricin acetyltransferase have been described. Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants which have been made tolerant of the herbicides which inhibit the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). The hydroxyphenylpyruvate di- oxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is converted to homogenate. Plants tolerant to HPPD inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme or a gene encoding a mutant or chimeric HPPD enzyme, as in WO 96/38567 , WO 99/24585, WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387 or US 6,768,044. Tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be achieved by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes that allow the formation of homogentisate despite inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor. Such plants are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787. The tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants, in addition to a gene coding for an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, with a gene coding for a prephenate dehydrogenase enzyme, as in WO 2004 / 024928. In addition, plants can be made even more tolerant to HPPD inhibitors by incorporating into their genome a gene encoding an enzyme which metabolizes or degrades HPPD inhibitor, such as e.g. CYP450 enzymes (see WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473). Other herbicide-resistant plants are plants that have been tolerated to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Examples of known ALS inhibitors include sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyloxy (thio) benzoates and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. It is known that various mutations in the enzyme ALS (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS) confer tolerance to different herbicides or groups of herbicides, e.g. in Tranel and Wright (Weed Science 2002, 50, 700-712). The preparation of sulfonylurea tolerant plants and imidazolinone tolerant plants is described. Other sulfonylurea and imidazolinone- tolerant plants are also described.
Weitere Pflanzen, die gegenüber Imidazolinon und/oder Sulfonylharnstoff tolerant sind, können durch induzierte Mutagenese, Selektion in Zellkulturen in Gegenwart des Herbizids oder durch Mutationszüchtung erhalten werden (vgl. z.B. für Sojabohne US 5,084,082, für Reis WO 97/41218, für Zuckerrübe US 5,773,702 und WO 99/057965, für Salat US 5,198,599 oder für Sonnenblume WO 01/065922).
„„ Other plants which are tolerant to imidazolinone and / or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding (cf., for example, for soybean US 5,084,082, for rice WO 97/41218, for sugar beet US 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for salad US 5,198,599 or for sunflower WO 01/065922). ""
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Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind insektenresistente transgene Pflanzen, d.h. Pflanzen, die gegen Befall mit gewissen Zielinsekten resistent gemacht wurden. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Insek- tenresistenz verleiht, erhalten werden. Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i. Plants that have been made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such insect resistance.
Der Begriff„insektenresistente transgene Pflanze" umfasst im vorliegenden Zusammenhang jegliche Pflanze, die mindestens ein Transgen enthält, das eine Kodiersequenz umfasst, die für folgendes kodiert: The term "insect-resistant transgenic plant" as used herein includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:
1) ein Insektizides Kristallprotein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder einen Insektiziden Teil davon, wie die Insektiziden Kristallproteine, aufgelistet von Crickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807-813), aktualisiert von Crickmore et al. (2005) bei der Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Nomenclatur, online bei: https://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/), oder Insektizide Teile davon, z.B. Proteine der Cry- Proteinklassen CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylB, CrylC, CrylD, CrylF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb oder Insektizide Teile davon (z.B. EP-A 1999141 und WO 2007/107302), oder solche Proteine, kodiert durch synthetische Gene wie in US Patentanmeldung 12/249,016 beschrieben ist; oder 1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticide part thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) in the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature, online at: https://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk Home / Neil_Crickmore / Bt /), or insecticidal parts thereof, e.g. Cry protein class proteins CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylB, CrylC, CrylD, CrylF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb, or insecticidal portions thereof (eg, EP-A 1999141 and WO 2007/107302), or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes as in US Patent Application 12 / 249,016; or
2) ein Kristallprotein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder einen Teil davon, der in Gegenwart eines zweiten, anderen Kristallproteins als Bacillus thuringiensis oder eines Teils davon insektizid wirkt, wie das binäre Toxin, das aus den Kristallproteinen Cy34 und Cy35 besteht (Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 668-72; Applied Environm. Microbiol. 2006, 71, 1765-1774) oder das binäre Toxin, das aus den CrylA oder CrylF Proteinen besteht und die Cry2Aa oder Cry2Ab oder Cry2Ae Proteine (US Patentanmeldung 12/214,022 und EP08010791.5); oder 2) a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second, other crystal protein than Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof, such as the binary toxin consisting of the crystal proteins Cy34 and Cy35 (Nat. Biotechnol. 19, 668-72, Applied Environment Microbiol., 2006, 71, 1765-1774) or the binary toxin consisting of the CrylA or CrylF proteins and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Application 12 / 214,022 and EP08010791.5 ); or
3) ein Insektizides Hybridprotein, das Teile von zwei unterschiedlichen Insektiziden Kristallproteinen aus Bacillus thuringiensis umfasst, wie zum Beispiel ein Hybrid aus den Proteinen von 1) oben oder ein Hybrid aus den Proteinen von 2) oben, z. B. das Protein CrylA.105, das von dem Mais-Event MON98034 produziert wird (WO 2007/027777); oder 3) an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising parts of two different insecticides of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g. The protein CrylA.105 produced by the corn event MON98034 (WO 2007/027777); or
4) ein Protein gemäß einem der Punkte 1) bis 3) oben, in dem einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere Insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der entsprechenden Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier- DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation induziert wurden, wie das Protein Cry3Bbl in Mais-Events MON863 oder MON88017 oder das Protein Cry3A im Mais-Event MIR 604; 4) a protein according to any one of items 1) to 3) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or the spectrum of the corresponding To expand target insect species and / or due to changes induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the protein Cry3Bbl in maize events MON863 or MON88017 or the protein Cry3A in the maize event MIR 604;
5) ein Insektizides sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus oder einen Insektiziden Teil davon, wie die vegetativ wirkenden insektentoxischen Proteine (vegetative insekticidal proteins, VIP), die unter https://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/BWip.html angeführt sind, z. B. Proteine der Proteinklasse VIP3Aa; oder 5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) available at https://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/ Neil_Crickmore / BWip.html are cited, e.g. B. Proteins of protein class VIP3Aa; or
6) ein sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus, das in Gegenwart eines zweiten sezer- nierten Proteins aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder B. cereus insektizid wirkt, wie das binäre Toxin, das aus den Pro- teinen VTP1A und VIP2A besteht (WO 94/21795); oder 6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, which acts in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus insecticide, such as the binary toxin consisting of the proteins VTP1A and VIP2A (WO 94 / 21795); or
7) ein Insektizides Hybridprotein, das Teile von verschiedenen sezernierten Proteinen von Bacillus thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus umfasst, wie ein Hybrid der Proteine von 1) oder ein Hybrid der Proteine von 2) oben; oder 7) an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising parts of various secreted proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above; or
8) ein Protein gemäß einem der Punkte 5) bis 7) oben, in dem einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere Insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart
^ zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der entsprechenden Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier- DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation induziert wurden (wobei die Kodierung für ein insektizides Protein erhalten bleibt), wie das Protein VIP3Aa im Baumwoll-Event COT 102; oder8) a protein according to any one of items 5) to 7) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid, for a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or to extend the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species and / or due to changes induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein), such as the protein VIP3Aa in the Cotton event COT 102; or
9) ein sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus, das in Gegenwart eines Kristallproteins von Bacillus thuringiensis insektizid wirkt, wie das binäre Toxin, das aus den Proteinen VIP3 und CrylA oder9) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus that is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin derived from the proteins VIP3 and CrylA or
CrylF besteht (US Patentanmeldungen 61/126083 und 61/195019), oder das binäre Toxin, das aus dem VIP3 Protein und den Cry2Aa oder Cry2Ab oder Cry2Ae Proteinen besteht (US Patentanmeldung 12/214,022 und EP 08010791.5); oder CrylF exists (US Patent Applications 61/126083 and 61/195019), or the binary toxin consisting of the VIP3 protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Application 12 / 214,022 and EP 08010791.5); or
10) ein Protein gemäß Punkt 9) oben, in dem einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Ami- nosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere Insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der entsprechenden Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier- DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation induziert wurden (wobei die Kodierung für ein insektizides Protein erhalten bleibt). 10) a protein according to item 9) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or to expand the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species and / or due to changes induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein).
Natürlich zählt zu den insektenresistenten transgenen Pflanzen im vorliegenden Zusammenhang auch jegliche Pflanze, die eine Kombination von Genen umfasst, die für die Proteine von einer der oben genannten Klassen 1 bis 10 kodieren. In einer Ausführungsform enthält eine insektenresistente Pflanze mehr als ein Transgen, das für ein Protein nach einer der oben genannten 1 bis 10 kodiert, um das Spektrum der entsprechenden Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern oder um die Entwicklung einer Resistenz der Insekten gegen die Pflanzen dadurch hinauszuzögern, dass man verschiedene Proteine einsetzt, die für dieselbe Zielinsektenart insektizid sind, jedoch eine unterschiedliche Wirkungsweise, wie Bindung an unterschiedliche Rezeptorbindungsstellen im Insekt, aufweisen. Of course, insect-resistant transgenic plants in the present context also include any plant comprising a combination of genes coding for the proteins of any of the above-mentioned classes 1 to 10. In one embodiment, an insect resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above 1 to 10 in order to extend the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species or to delay the development of resistance of the insects to the plants by use different proteins which are insecticidal for the same target insect species, but have a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
Eine„insekten-resistente transgene Pflanze" umfasst im vorliegenden Zusammenhang weiterhin jede Pflanze, die wenigstens ein Transgen enthält, welches eine Sequenz zur Herstellung einer Doppelstrang-RNA umfasst, die nach Nahrungsaufnahme durch einen Insektenschädling das Wachstum dieses Schädlings hindert. An "insect-resistant transgenic plant" as used herein further includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a sequence for producing a double-stranded RNA which prevents the growth of that pest after ingestion by an insect pest.
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind gegenüber abiotischen Stressfaktoren tolerant. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Stressresistenz verleiht, erhalten werden. Zu besonders nützlichen Pflanzen mit Stresstoleranz zählen folgende: Plants or plant varieties (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are tolerant to abiotic stressors. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such stress resistance. Particularly useful plants with stress tolerance include the following:
a. Pflanzen, die ein Transgen enthalten, das die Expression und/oder Aktivität des Gens für die Poly(ADP- ribose)polymerase (PARP) in den Pflanzenzellen oder Pflanzen zu reduzieren vermag. a. Plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the gene for the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the plant cells or plants.
b. Pflanzen, die ein stresstoleranzförderndes Transgen enthalten, das die Expression und/oder Aktivität der für PARG kodierenden Gene der Pflanzen oder Pflanzenzellen zu reduzieren vermag; b. Plants containing a stress tolerance enhancing transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the PARG-encoding genes of the plants or plant cells;
c. Pflanzen, die ein stresstoleranzförderndes Transgen enthalten, das für ein in Pflanzen funktionelles Enzym des Nicotimmidadenindinukleotid-Salvage-Biosynthesewegs kodiert, darunter Nicotinamidase, Nicotinatphos- phoribosyltransferase, Nicotinsäuremononukleotidadenyltransferase, Nicotinarnidadenindinukleotidsynthetase o- derNicotinamidphosphoribosyltransferase.
^ c. Plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene encoding a plant functional enzyme of the nicotimmide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthetic pathway, including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. ^
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, weisen eine veränderte Menge, Qualität und/oder Lagerfähigkeit des Ernteprodukts und/oder veränderte Eigenschaften von bestimmten Bestandteilen des Ernteprodukts auf, wie zum Beispiel: Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention have a changed amount, quality and / or storability of the harvested product and / or altered characteristics of certain components of the harvested product, such as:
1) Transgene Pflanzen, die eine modifizierte Stärke synthetisieren, die bezüglich ihrer chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere des Amylosegehalts oder des Amylose/Amylopektin- Verhältnisses, des Verzweigungsgrads, der durchschnittlichen Kettenlänge, der Verteilung der Seitenketten, des Viskositätsverhaltens, der Gelfestigkeit, der Stärkekorngröße und/oder Stärkekommorphologie im Vergleich mit der synthetisierten Stärke in Wildtyppflanzenzellen oder -pflanzen verändert ist, so dass sich diese modifizierte Stärke besser für bestimmte Anwendungen eignet. 1) Transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch with respect to their physicochemical properties, in particular the amylose content or the amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the distribution of the side chains, the viscosity behavior, the gel strength, the starch grain size and / or starch comorphology as compared to the synthesized starch in wild-type plant cells or plants, so that this modified starch is better suited for certain applications.
2) Transgene Pflanzen, die Nichtstärkekohlenhydratpolymere synthetisieren, oder Nichtstärkekohlenhydratpoly- mere, deren Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu Wildtyppflanzen ohne genetische Modifikation verändert sind. Beispiele sind Pflanzen, die Polyfructose, insbesondere des Inulin- und Levantyps, produzieren, Pflanzen, die alpha- 1,4-Glucane produzieren, Pflanzen, die alpha- 1,6-verzweigte alpha- 1,4-Glucane produzieren und Pflanzen, die Al- ternan produzieren. 2) Transgenic plants that synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers or non-starch carbohydrate polymers whose properties are altered compared to wild-type plants without genetic modification. Examples are plants that produce polyfructose, particularly of the inulin and levan type, plants that produce alpha-1,4-glucans, plants that produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans, and plants that produce Produce alcohol.
3) Transgene Pflanzen, die Hyaluronan produzieren. 3) Transgenic plants that produce hyaluronan.
4) Transgene Pflanzen oder Hybridpflanzen wie Zwiebeln mit bestimmten Eigenschaften wie„hohem Anteil an löslichen Feststoffen" (,high soluble solids content'), geringe Schärfe (,low pungency', LP) und/oder lange Lagerfähigkeit (,long storage', LS). Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit veränderten Fasereigenschaften. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Fasereigenschaften verleiht, erhalten werden; dazu zählen: 4) Transgenic plants or hybrid plants such as onions with certain properties such as "high soluble solids content", low pungency (LP) and / or long storage (LS) Plants or plant varieties (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention are plants such as cotton plants with altered fiber properties Contain mutation conferring such altered fiber properties, which include:
a) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen, die eine veränderte Form von Cellulosesynthasegenen enthalten, b) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen, die eine veränderte Form von rsw2- oder rsw3 -homologen Nukleinsäuren enthalten, wie Baumwollpflanzen mit einer erhöhten Expression der Saccharosephosphatsynthase; a) plants such as cotton plants containing an altered form of cellulose synthase genes; b) plants such as cotton plants containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids, such as cotton plants having increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase;
c) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit einer erhöhten Expression der Saccharosesynthase; c) plants such as cotton plants with increased expression of sucrose synthase;
d) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen bei denen der Zeitpunkt der Durchlaßsteuerung der Plasmodesmen an der Basis der Faserzelle verändert ist, z. B. durch Herunterregulieren der faserselektiven ß-l,3-Glucanase; d) plants such as cotton plants in which the timing of the passage control of the Plasmodesmen is changed at the base of the fiber cell, z. By down-regulating the fiber-selective β-1,3-glucanase;
e) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit Fasern mit veränderter Reaktivität, z. B. durch Expression des N- Acetylglucosamintransferasegens, darunter auch nodC, und von Chitinsynthasegenen. e) plants such as cotton plants with modified reactivity fibers, e.g. By expression of the N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene, including nodC, and chitin synthase genes.
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Raps oder verwandte Bras- sica-Pflanzen mit veränderten Eigenschaften der Ölzusammensetzung. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Öleigen- schaften verleiht, erhalten werden; dazu zählen: Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as oilseed rape or related Brasica plants with altered oil composition properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such altered oil properties; these include:
a) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem hohen Ölsäuregehalt produziere;
^ b) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem niedrigen Linolensäuregehalt produzieren. a) plants, such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil of high oleic acid content; ^ b) plants such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil with a low linolenic acid content.
c) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem niedrigen gesättigten Fettsäuregehalt produzieren. c) plants such as rape plants that produce oil with a low saturated fatty acid content.
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten werden können), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Kartoffeln, welche Virus-resistent sind z.B. gegen den Kartoffelvirus Y (Event SY230 und SY233 von Tecnoplant, Argentinien), o- der welche resistent gegen Krankheiten wie die Kraut- und Knollenfäule (potato late blight) (z.B. RB Gen), oder welche eine verminderte kälteinduzierte Süße zeigen (welche die Gene Nt-Inh, Π-INV tragen) oder welche den Zwerg-Phänotyp zeigen (Gen A-20 Oxidase). Plants or plant varieties (which can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as potatoes which are virus-resistant, e.g. against the potato virus Y (Event SY230 and SY233 from Tecnoplant, Argentina), which are resistant to diseases such as potato late blight (eg RB gene), or which show a decreased cold-induced sweetness (which the genes Nt-Inh, Π-INV) or which show the dwarf phenotype (gene A-20 oxidase).
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Raps oder verwandte Bras- sica-Pflanzen mit veränderten Eigenschaften im Samenausfall (seed shattering). Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Eigenschaften verleihen, und umfassen Pflanzen wie Raps mit verzögertem oder vermindertem Samenausfall. Plants or plant varieties (which have been obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as oilseed rape or related Brasica plants with altered seed shattering properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such altered properties, and include plants such as oilseed rape with delayed or reduced seed failure.
Besonders nützliche transgene Pflanzen, die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen mit Trans- formationsevents oder Kombinationen von Transformationsevent, welche in den USA beim Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Gegenstand von erteilten oder anhängigen Petitionen für den nicht-regulierten Status sind. Die Information hierzu ist jederzeit beim APHIS (4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737, USA) erhältlich, z.B . über die Internetseite https://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html. Am Anmeldetag dieser Anmeldung waren beim APHIS die Petitio- nen mit folgenden Informationen entweder erteilt oder anhängig: Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the present invention are plants with transformation events or combinations of transformation events which have been the subject of issued orphaned in the USA by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pending petitions for non-regulated status. Information is available at any time from APHIS (4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737, USA), e.g. via the website https://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html. At the filing date of this application, the APHIS had either received or pending the petition with the following information:
- Petition: Identifikationsnummer der Petition. Die Technische Beschreibung des Transformationsevents kann im einzelnen Petitionsdokument erhältlich von APHIS auf der Website über die Petitionsnummer gefunden werden. Diese Beschreibungen sind hiermit per Referenz offenbart. - Petition: identification number of the petition. The technical description of the transformation event can be found in the individual petition document available from APHIS on the website via the petition number. These descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference.
- Erweiterung einer Petition: Referenz zu einer frühere Petition, für die eine Erweiterung oder Verlängerung be- antragt wird. - Extension of a petition: Reference to a previous petition for which an extension or extension is requested.
- Institution: Name der die Petition einreichenden Person. - Institution: name of the person submitting the petition.
- Regulierter Artikel: die betroffen Pflanzenspecies. - Regulated article: the affected plant species.
- Transgener Phänotyp: die Eigenschaft („Trait"), die der Pflanze durch das Trans formationsevent verliehen wird. Transgenic phenotype: the trait conferred on the plant by the transformation event.
- Trans formationevent oder -linie: der Name des oder der Events (manchmal auch als Linie(n) bezeichnet), für die der nicht-regulierte Status beantragt ist. - Trans formationevent or line: the name of the event or events (sometimes referred to as line (s)) for which the unregulated status is requested.
- APHIS Documente: verschiedene Dokumente, die von APHIS bzgl. der Petition veröffentlicht warden oder von APHIS auf Anfrage erhalten werden können. - APHIS Documente: various documents that may be published by APHIS regarding the petition or may be obtained from APHIS upon request.
Besonders nützliche transgene Pflanzen, die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen mit einem oder mehreren Genen, die für ein oder mehrere Toxine kodieren, sind die transgenen Pflanzen, die unter den folgenden Handelsbezeichnungen angeboten werden: YIELD GARD® (zum Beispiel Mais, Baumwolle, Sojaboh-
nen), KnockOut® (zum Beispiel Mais), BiteGard® (zum Beispiel Mais), BT-Xtra® (zum Beispiel Mais), Star- Link® (zum Beispiel Mais), Bollgard® (Baumwolle), Nucotn® (Baumwolle), Nucotn 33B® (Baumwolle), Na- tureGard® (zum Beispiel Mais), Protecta® und NewLeaf® (Kartoffel). Herbizidtolerante Pflanzen, die zu erwähnen sind, sind zum Beispiel Maissorten, Baumwollsorten und Sojabohnensorten, die unter den folgenden Han- delsbezeichnungen angeboten werden: Roundup Ready® (Glyphosatetoleranz, zum Beispiel Mais, Baumwolle, Sojabohne), Liberty Link® (Phosphinotricintoleranz, zum Beispiel Raps), ΓΜΙ® (Imidazolinontoleranz) und SCS® (Sylfonylharnstofftoleranz), zum Beispiel Mais. Zu den herbizidresistenten Pflanzen (traditionell auf Herbizidtoleranz gezüchtete Pflanzen), die zu erwähnen sind, zählen die unter der Bezeichnung Clearfield® angebotenen Sorten (zum Beispiel Mais). Besonders nützliche transgene Pflanzen, die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen, die Transformations-Events, oder eine Kombination von Transformations-Events, enthalten und die zum Beispiel in den Dateien von verschiedenen nationalen oder regionalen Behörden angeführt sind (siehe zum Beispiel https://cera-gmc.org/index.php?evidcode=&listIDXCode=&gType=&AbbrCode=&atCode=&stCode=&c =&action=gm_crop_database&mode=Submit und https://gmoinfo.jrc.it gmp_browse.aspx). Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel können außerdem im Materialschutz zum Schutz von technischen Materialien gegen Befall und Zerstörung durch unerwünschten Mikroorganismen, wie z.B. Pilzen und Insekten, eingesetzt werden. Particularly useful transgenic plants which can be treated according to the invention are plants with one or more genes coding for one or more toxins, the transgenic plants offered under the following commercial names: YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soybean NEN), KnockOut® (for example maize), BiteGard® (for example maize), BT-Xtra® (for example corn), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) , Nucotn 33B® (cotton), NaturalGard® (for example corn), Protecta® and NewLeaf® (potato). Herbicide-tolerant crops to be mentioned are, for example, corn, cotton and soybean varieties sold under the following trade names: Roundup Ready® (glyphosate tolerance, for example corn, cotton, soybean), Liberty Link® (phosphinotricin tolerance, for example Oilseed rape), ΓΜΙ® (imidazolinone tolerance) and SCS® (Sylfonylureas tolerance), for example maize. Herbicide-resistant plants (plants traditionally grown for herbicide tolerance) to be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example corn). Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the invention are plants that contain transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed, for example, in the files of various national or regional authorities (see, for example, http: // /cera-gmc.org/index.php?evidcode=&listIDXCode=&gType=&AbbrCode=&atCode=&stCode=&c = & action = gm_crop_database & mode = Submit and https://gmoinfo.jrc.it gmp_browse.aspx). The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can also be used in the protection of materials for the protection of industrial materials against infestation and destruction by undesired microorganisms, such as fungi and insects.
Weiter können die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen allein oder in Kombinationen mit anderen Wirkstoffen als Antifouling-Mittel eingesetzt werden. Unter technischen Materialien sind im vorliegenden Zusammenhang nichtlebende Materialien zu verstehen, die für die Verwendung in der Technik zubereitet worden sind. Beispielsweise können technische Materialien, die durch erfindungsgemäße Wirkstoffe vor mikrobieller Veränderung oder Zerstörung geschützt werden sollen, Klebstoffe, Leime, Papier, Wandpappe und Karton, Textilien, Teppiche, Leder, Holz, Anstrichmittel und Kunst- stoffartikel, Kühlschmierstoffe und andere Materialien sein, die von Mikroorganismen befallen oder zersetzt wer- den können. Im Rahmen der zu schützenden Materialien seien auch Teile von Produktionsanlagen und Gebäuden, z.B. Kühlwasserkreisläufe, Kühl- und Heizsysteme und Belüftungs- und Klimaanlagen, genannt, die durch Vermehrung von Mikroorganismen beeinträchtigt werden können. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung seien als technische Materialien vorzugsweise Klebstoffe, Leime, Papiere und Kartone, Leder, Holz, Anstrichmittel, Kühlschmiermittel und Wärmeübertragungsflüssigkeiten genannt, besonders bevorzugt Holz. Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel können nachteilige Effekte wie Vermodern, Verfall, Ver-, Entfärbung oder Verschimmeln verhindern. Außerdem können die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen zum Schutz vor Bewuchs von Gegenständen, insbesondere von Schiffskörpern, Sieben, Netzen, Bauwerken, Kaianlagen und Signalanlagen, welche mit See- oder Brackwasser in Verbindung kommen, eingesetzt werden. Furthermore, the compounds according to the invention can be used alone or in combinations with other active substances as antifouling agents. Technical materials as used herein mean non-living materials that have been prepared for use in the art. For example, engineering materials to be protected from microbial change or destruction by the active compounds of the present invention may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallboard and board, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, paints and plastics, coolants, and other materials used by Microorganisms can be attacked or decomposed. In the context of the materials to be protected, parts of production plants and buildings, e.g. Cooling water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air conditioning systems, which may be affected by the proliferation of microorganisms. In the context of the present invention, technical materials which may be mentioned are preferably adhesives, glues, papers and cartons, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, particularly preferably wood. The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, deterioration, decomposition, discoloration or mold. In addition, the compounds of the invention for protection against fouling of objects, in particular of hulls, screens, nets, structures, quays and signal systems, which come in contact with seawater or brackish water, can be used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Bekämpfen von unerwünschten Pilzen kann auch zum Schutz von so ge- nannten Storage Goods verwendet werden. Unter„Storage Goods" werden dabei natürliche Substanzen pflanzli-
_ The inventive method for controlling unwanted fungi can also be used for the protection of so-called storage goods. Under "Storage Goods", natural substances are plant- _
- 28 - chen oder tierischen Ursprungs oder deren Verarbeitungsprodukte, welche der Natur entnommen wurden und für die Langzeitschutz gewünscht ist, verstanden. Storage Goods pflanzlichen Ursprungs, wie z.B. Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteile, wie Stiele, Blätter, Knollen, Samen, Früchte, Körner, können in frisch geerntetem Zustand oder nach Verarbeitung durch (Vor-)Trocknen, Befeuchten, Zerkleinern, Mahlen, Pressen oder Rösten, geschützt wer- den. Storage Goods umfasst auch Nutzholz, sei es unverarbeitet, wie Bauholz, Stromleitungsmasten und Schranken, oder in Form fertiger Produkte, wie Möbel. Storage Goods tierischen Ursprungs sind beispielsweise Felle, Leder, Pelze und Haare. Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe können nachteilige Effekte wie Vermodern, Verfall, Ver-, Entfärbung oder Verschimmeln verhindern. - 28 - of animal or animal origin or their processed products which have been taken from nature and for which long-term protection is desired. Storage goods of plant origin, such as Plants or parts of plants, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, can be protected when freshly harvested or after being processed by (pre) drying, wetting, crushing, grinding, pressing or roasting. Storage goods also include timber, be it unprocessed, such as timber, power poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture. Storage goods of animal origin include, for example, skins, leather, furs and hair. The active compounds according to the invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, deterioration, decomposition, discoloration or mold.
Beispielhaft, aber nicht begrenzend, seien einige Erreger von pilzlichen Erkrankungen, die erfindungsgemäß be- handelt werden können, genannt: By way of example, but not by way of limitation, some pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated according to the invention are named:
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger des Echten Mehltaus wie z.B. Blumeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera-Arten, wie beispielsweise Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula-Arten, wie beispielsweise Uncinula necator; Diseases caused by powdery mildews such as e.g. Blumeria species, such as Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, such as Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, such as Uncinula necator;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger von Rostkrankheiten wie z.B. Gymnosporangium-Arten, wie bei- spielsweise Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora- Arten, wie beispielsweise Phakopsora pachyrhizi und Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Puccinia recondita oder Puccinia triticina; Uromyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise Uromyces appendiculatus; Diseases caused by causative agents of rust diseases, such as Gymnosporangium species, such as, for example, Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, such as Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, such as Puccinia recondita or Puccinia triticina; Uromyces species, such as Uromyces appendiculatus;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger der Gruppe der Oomyceten wie z.B. Bremia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Bremia lactucae; Peronospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Peronospora pisi oder P. brassicae; Phytophthora- Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara-Arten, wie beispielsweise Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudoperonospora humuli oder Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Py- thium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Pythium ultimum; Diseases caused by pathogens of the group of Oomycetes, e.g. Bremia species, such as Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species such as Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, such as Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum;
Blattfleckenkrankheiten und Blattwelken, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Alternaria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Alternaria solani; Cercospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cochliobolus sativus (Konidienform: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum-Arten, wie beispielsweise Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe- Arten, wie beispielsweise Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gu- ignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria- Arten, wie beispielsweise Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe- Arten, wie beispielsweise Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Microdochium nivale; Mycosphaerel- la-Arten, wie beispielsweise Mycosphaerella graminicola und M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhynchosporium secalis; Septo- ria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria apii; Typhula-Arten, wie beispielsweise Typhula incarnata; Venturia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Venturia inaequalis; Leaf spot diseases and leaf wilt caused by e.g. Alternaria species, such as Alternaria solani; Cercospora species, such as Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum species, such as Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochliobolus sativus (conidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium species such as cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, such as Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, such as Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, such as Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria species, such as Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, such as Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium species such as Microdochium nivale; Mycosphaerella species, such as Mycosphaerella graminicola and M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium species, such as Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis;
Wurzel- und Stängelkrankheiten, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Corticium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Corticium grami- nearum; Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Gaeurnannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Thielaviopsis basicola; Root and stem diseases caused by, for example, corticium species, such as, for example, Corticium graminarum; Fusarium species such as Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species, such as Gaeurnannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia species, such as Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, such as Thielaviopsis basicola;
Ähren- und Rispenerkrankungen (inklusive Maiskolben), hervorgerufen durch z.B. Alternaria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps-Arten, wie beispielsweise Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gibberella zeae; Mono- graphella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Monographella nivalis; Septoria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria nodorum; Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Brandpilze wie z.B. Sphacelotheca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis-Arten, wie beispielsweise U- rocystis occulta; Ustilago- Arten, wie beispielsweise Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici; Ear and panicle diseases (including corncob) caused by e.g. Alternaria species, such as Alternaria spp .; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Septoria species such as Septoria nodorum; Diseases caused by fire fungi, e.g. Sphacelotheca species, such as Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species such as Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis species, such as U rocystis occulta; Ustilago species such as Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici;
Fruchtfäule hervorgerufen durch z.B. Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Penicillium expansum und P. purpuro- genum; Sclerotinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Fruit rot caused by e.g. Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium species such as Penicillium expansum and P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;
Verticilium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Verticilium alboatrum; Verticilium species such as Verticilium alboatrum;
Samen- und bodenbürtige Fäulen und Welken, sowie Sämlingserkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Fusarium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotium rolfsii; Seed and soil rots and wilts, as well as seedling diseases caused by e.g. Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium rolfsii;
Krebserkrankungen, Gallen und Hexenbesen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Nectria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Nectria galligena; Cancers, galls and witches brooms caused by e.g. Nectria species, such as Nectria galligena;
Welkeerkrankungen hervorgerufen durch z.B. Monilinia- Arten, wie beispielsweise Monilinia laxa; Wilt diseases caused by e.g. Monilinia species such as Monilinia laxa;
Deformationen von Blättern, Blüten und Früchten, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Taphrina- Arten, wie beispielsweise Taphrina deformans; Deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits caused by e.g. Taphrina species, such as Taphrina deformans;
Degenerationserkrankungen holziger Pflanzen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Esca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaemo- niella clamydospora und Phaeoacremonium aleophilum und Fomitiporia mediterranea; Degenerative diseases of woody plants caused by e.g. Esca species such as Phaemoniella clamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea;
Blüten- und Samenerkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Botrytis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea; Erkrankungen von Pflanzenknollen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium- Arten, wie beispielsweise Helminthosporium solani; Flower and seed diseases caused by e.g. Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; Diseases of plant tubers caused by e.g. Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium species, such as Helminthosporium solani;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch bakterielle Erreger wie z.B. Xanthomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Xan- thomonas campestris pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; Erwinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Erwinia amylovora; Diseases caused by bacterial agents such as e.g. Xanthomonas species, such as Xantomonas campestris pv. Oryzae; Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans; Erwinia species, such as Erwinia amylovora;
Bevorzugt können die folgenden Krankheiten von Soja-Bohnen bekämpft werden: Preferably, the following diseases of soybean beans can be controlled:
Pilzkrankheiten an Blättern, Stängeln, Schoten und Samen verursacht durch z.B. Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), Brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), Dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshurica), Drechslera blight (Drechslera glycini), Frogeye Leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Leptosphaerulina Leaf Spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii), Phyllostica Leaf Spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Pod and Stem Blight (Pho- mopsis sojae), Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoc-
tonia Aerial, Foliage, and Web Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium Leaf Blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora cas- siicola). Fungus diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused by, for example, Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. Atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. Truncatum), Brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Dandelion leaf leaf (Dactuliophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshurica), Drechslera blight (Drechslera glycini), Frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii) , Phyllostica Leaf Spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Pod and Stem Blight (Phosmopsis sojae), Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoc Tonia Aerial, Foliage, and Web Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium Leaf Blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora casziicola).
Pilzkrankheiten an Wurzeln und der Stängelbasis verursacht durch z.B. Black Root Rot (Calonectria crotalariae), Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), Fusarium Blight or Wilt, Root Rot, and Pod and Collar Rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), Mycoleptodiscus Root Rot (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe pha- seolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), Phytophthora Rot (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Rot (Phialophora gregata), Pythium Rot (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irreguläre, Pythium de- baryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Rot, Stem Decay, and Damping-Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Rot (Thielaviopsis basicola). Fungal diseases on roots and stem base caused by e.g. Black Root Red (Calonectria crotalariae), Charcoal Red (Macrophomina phaseolina), Fusarium Blight or Wilt, Root Red, and Pod and Collar Red (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), Mycoleptodiscus Root Red (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe phasolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. Caulivora), Phytophthora red (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Red (Phialophora gregata), Pythium Red (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregular , Pythium de- baryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Red, Stem Decay, and Damping Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Red (Thielaviopsis basicola).
Als Mikroorganismen, die einen Abbau oder eine Veränderung der technischen Materialien bewirken können, seien beispielsweise Bakterien, Pilze, Hefen, Algen und Schleimorganismen genannt. Vorzugsweise wirken die er- findungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe gegen Pilze, insbesondere Schimmelpilze, Holz verfärbende und Holz zerstörende Pilze (Basidiomyceten) sowie gegen Schleimorganismen und Algen. Es seien beispielsweise Mikroorganismen der folgenden Gattungen genannt: Alternaria, wie Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, wie Aspergillus niger; Chaetomi- um, wie Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, wie Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, wie Lentinus tigrinus; Penicilli- um, wie Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, wie Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, wie Aureobasidium pullu- lans; Sclerophoma, wie Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, wie Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, wie E- scherichia coli; Pseudomonas, wie Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, wie Staphylococcus aureus. As microorganisms that can cause degradation or a change in the technical materials, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and mucus organisms may be mentioned. The active compounds according to the invention preferably act against fungi, in particular molds, wood-discolouring and wood-destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and against slime organisms and algae. There may be mentioned, for example, microorganisms of the following genera: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium, like Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, like Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, like Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillin, such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus.
Darüber hinaus weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffeauch sehr gute antimykotische Wirkungen auf. Sie besitzen ein sehr breites antimykotisches Wirkungsspektrum, insbesondere gegen Dermatophyten und Sprosspilze, Schimmel und diphasische Pilze (z.B. gegen Candida-Spezies wie Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) sowie Epi- dermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus- Spezies wie Aspergillus niger und Aspergillus furnigatus, Trichophyton- Spezies wie Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporon- Spezies wie Microsporon canis und audouinii. Die Aufzählung dieser Pilze stellt keinesfalls eine Beschränkung des erfassbaren mykotischen Spektrums dar, sondern hat nur erläuternden Charakter. In addition, the active compounds according to the invention also have very good antifungal effects. They have a very broad antimycotic spectrum of activity, in particular against dermatophytes and yeasts, mold and diphasic fungi (for example against Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) as well as Epidemermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus furnigatus, Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii. The list of these fungi is by no means a limitation of the detectable mycotic spectrum, but has only an explanatory character.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe können daher sowohl in medizinischen als auch in nicht-medizinischen An- Wendungen eingesetzt werden. The active compounds according to the invention can therefore be used both in medical and in non-medical applications.
Beim Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe als Fungizide können die Aufwandmengen je nach Applikationsart innerhalb eines größeren Bereiches variiert werden. Die Aufwandmenge der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe beträgt When using the active compounds according to the invention as fungicides, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the mode of administration. The application rate of the active compounds according to the invention is
• bei der Behandlung von Pflanzenteilen, z.B. Blättern: von 0,1 bis 10 000 g/ha, bevorzugt von 10 bis 1 000 g/ha, besonders bevorzugt von 50 bis 300g/ha (bei Anwendung durch Gießen oder Tropfen kann die Aufwandmenge sogar verringert werden, vor allem wenn inerte Substrate wie Steinwolle oder Perlit verwendet werden);
• bei der Saatgutbehandlung: von 2 bis 200 g pro 100 kg Saatgut, bevorzugt von 3 bis 150 g pro 100 kg Saatgut, besonders bevorzugt von 2,5 bis 25 g pro 100 kg Saatgut, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 2,5 bis 12,5 g pro 100 kg Saatgut; In the treatment of parts of plants, eg leaves: from 0.1 to 10,000 g / ha, preferably from 10 to 1,000 g / ha, particularly preferably from 50 to 300 g / ha (when applied by pouring or drop, the application rate may even be reduced, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used); In the case of seed treatment: from 2 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 3 to 150 g per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seed, most preferably from 2.5 to 12, 5 g per 100 kg of seed;
• bei der Bodenbehandlung: von 0,1 bis 10 000 g/ha, bevorzugt von 1 bis 5 000 g/ha. In the case of soil treatment: from 0.1 to 10,000 g / ha, preferably from 1 to 5,000 g / ha.
Diese Aufwandmengen seien nur beispielhaft und nicht limitierend im Sinne der Erfindung genannt. These application rates are given by way of example only and not by way of limitation within the meaning of the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel können also eingesetzt werden, um Pflanzen innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraumes nach der Behandlung gegen den Befall durch die genannten Schaderreger zu schützen. Der Zeitraum, innerhalb dessen Schutz herbeigeführt wird, erstreckt sich im Allgemeinen auf 1 bis 28 Tage, bevorzugt auf 1 bis 14 Tage, besonders bevorzugt auf 1 bis 10 Tage, ganz besonders bevorzugt auf 1 bis 7 Tage nach der Be- handlung der Pflanzen mit den Wirkstoffen bzw. auf bis zu 200 Tage nach einer Saatgutbehandlung. The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can therefore be used to protect plants within a certain period of time after the treatment against attack by the mentioned pathogens. The period within which protection is induced generally extends to 1 to 28 days, preferably to 1 to 14 days, more preferably to 1 to 10 days, most preferably to 1 to 7 days after the treatment of the plants with the active substances or up to 200 days after seed treatment.
Darüber hinaus kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Mykotoxingehalt im Erntegut und den daraus hergestellten Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln verringert werden. Besonders, aber nicht ausschließlich sind hierbei folgende Mykotoxine zu nennen: Deoxynivalenol (DON), Nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- und HT2- Toxin, Fumonisine, Zearalenon, Moniliformin, Fusarin, Diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), Beauvericin, Enniatin, Fusar- oproliferin, Fusarenol, Ochratoxine, Patulin, Mutterkornalkaloide und Aflatoxine, die beispielsweise von den folgenden Pilzen verursacht werden können: Fusarium spec, wie Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwel- lense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fujikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoi- des, F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides u.a. sowie auch von Aspergillus spec, Peni- cillium spec, Claviceps purpurea, Stachybotrys spec. u.a. In addition, can be reduced by the treatment according to the invention, the mycotoxin content in the crop and the food and feed produced therefrom. Specifically, but not exclusively, mycotoxins include: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2 and HT2 toxin, fumonisins, zearalenone, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS) , Beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins, which may be caused, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., Such as Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fujikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoid, F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides, and others as well as from Aspergillus spec., Penicillium spec., Claviceps purpurea, Stachybotrys spec. et al
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen können gegebenenfalls in bestimmten Konzentrationen bzw. Aufwandmengen auch als Herbizide, Safener, Wachstumsregulatoren oder Mittel zur Verbesserung der Pflanzeneigenschaften, oder als Mikrobizide, beispielsweise als Fungizide, Antimykotika, Bakterizide, Virizide (einschließlich Mittel gegen Viroide) oder als Mittel gegen MLO (Mycoplasma-like-organism) und RLO (Rickettsia-like- organism) verwendet werden. Sie lassen sich gegebenenfalls auch als Zwischen- oder Vorprodukte für die Synthese weiterer Wirkstoffe einsetzen. If appropriate, the compounds according to the invention may also be used in certain concentrations or application rates as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents for improving plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including anti-viral agents) or as anti-MLO agents ( Mycoplasma-like-organism) and RLO (Rickettsia-like-organism). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of further active ingredients.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe greifen in den Metabolismus der Pflanzen ein und können deshalb auch als Wachstumsregulatoren eingesetzt werden. The active compounds according to the invention intervene in the metabolism of the plants and can therefore also be used as growth regulators.
Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren können verschiedenartige Wirkungen auf Pflanzen ausüben. Die Wirkungen der Stoffe hängen im Wesentlichen von dem Zeitpunkt der Anwendung bezogen auf das Entwicklungsstadium der Pflanze sowie von den auf die Pflanzen oder ihre Umgebung ausgebrachten Wirkstoffmengen und von der Art der Applikation ab. In jedem Fall sollen Wachstumsregulatoren die Kulturpflanzen in bestimmter gewünschter Weise beeinflussen. Plant growth regulators can exert various effects on plants. The effects of the substances depend essentially on the time of application, based on the stage of development of the plant and on the amounts of active substance applied to the plants or their surroundings and on the mode of administration. In any case, growth regulators are intended to influence crops in some desired manner.
Pflanzenwuchsregulierende Stoffe können zum Beispiel zur Hemmung des vegetativen Wachstums der Pflanzen eingesetzt werden. Eine derartige Wuchshemmung ist unter anderem bei Gräsern von wirtschaftlichem Interesse,
„„ Plant growth-regulating substances can be used, for example, for inhibiting the vegetative growth of the plants. Such growth inhibition is among others of grasses of economic interest, ""
- 32 - denn dadurch kann die Häufigkeit der Grasschnitte in Ziergärten, Park- und Sportanlagen, an Straßenrändern, auf Flughäfen oder in Obstanlagen reduziert werden. Von Bedeutung ist auch die Hemmung des Wuchses von krautigen und holzigen Pflanzen an Straßenrändern und in der Nähe von Pipelines oder Überlandleitungen oder ganz allgemein in Bereichen, in denen ein starker Zuwachs der Pflanzen unerwünscht ist. Wichtig ist auch die Anwendung von Wachstumsregulatoren zur Hemmung des Längenwachstums von Getreide. Hierdurch wird die Gefahr des Umknickens („Lagerns") der Pflanzen vor der Ernte verringert oder vollkommen beseitigt. Außerdem können Wachstumsregulatoren bei Getreide eine Halmverstärkung hervorrufen, die ebenfalls dem Lagern entgegenwirkt. Die Anwendung von Wachstumsregulatoren zur Halmverkürzung und Halmverstärkung erlaubt es, höhere Düngermengen auszubringen, um den Ertrag zu steigern, ohne dass die Gefahr besteht, dass das Getreide lagert. - 32 - as this can reduce the frequency of grass clippings in ornamental gardens, parks and sports facilities, on roadsides, at airports or in orchards. Also of importance is the inhibition of the growth of herbaceous and woody plants on roadsides and near pipelines or overland pipelines, or more generally in areas where a high growth of the plants is undesirable. Also important is the use of growth regulators to inhibit grain elongation. This reduces or completely eliminates the risk of crop stagnation before harvesting, and crop growth regulators can produce a straw boost that also counteracts storage, and the use of growth regulators for crop shortening and stalk augmentation allows for higher fertilizer levels to increase the yield without the risk of storing the grain.
Eine Hemmung des vegetativen Wachstums ermöglicht bei vielen Kulturpflanzen eine dichtere Anpflanzung, so dass Mehrerträger bezogen auf die Bodenfläche erzielt werden können. Ein Vorteil der so erzielten kleineren Pflanzen ist auch, dass die Kultur leichter bearbeitet und geerntet werden kann. An inhibition of vegetative growth allows for many crops a denser planting, so that multi-carrier can be achieved based on the floor area. An advantage of the smaller plants thus obtained is that the culture can be more easily processed and harvested.
Eine Hemmung des vegetativen Wachstums der Pflanzen kann auch dadurch zu Ertragssteigerungen führen, dass die Nährstoffe und Assimilate in stärkerem Masse der Blüten- und Fruchtbildung zugute kommen als den vegetativen Pflanzenteilen. An inhibition of the vegetative growth of the plants can also lead to increased yields that the nutrients and assimilates benefit the flower and fruit formation to a greater extent than the vegetative plant parts.
Mit Wachstumsregulatoren lässt sich häufig auch eine Förderung des vegetativen Wachstums erzielen. Dies ist von großem Nutzen, wenn die vegetativen Pflanzenteile geerntet werden. Eine Förderung des vegetativen Wachstums kann aber auch gleichzeitig zu einer Förderung des generativen Wachstums führen, dadurch dass mehr As- similate gebildet werden, so dass mehr oder größere Früchte entstehen. Growth regulators can often be used to promote vegetative growth. This is of great benefit when harvesting the vegetative plant parts. At the same time, promotion of vegetative growth can also promote generative growth by producing more asila- lates so that more or more fruits are produced.
Ertragssteigerungen können in manchen Fällen durch einen Eingriff in den pflanzlichen Stoffwechsel erreicht werden, ohne dass sich Änderungen des vegetativen Wachstums bemerkbar machen. Ferner kann mit Wachstumsregulatoren eine Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der Pflanzen erreicht werden, was wiederum zu einer Qualitätsverbesserung der Ernteprodukte führen kann. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, den Gehalt an Zucker in Zu- ckerrüben, Zuckerrohr, Ananas sowie in Zitrusfrüchten zu erhöhen oder den Proteingehalt in Soja oder Getreide zu steigern. Auch ist es beispielsweise möglich, den Abbau erwünschter Inhaltsstoffe, wie z. B. Zucker in Zuckerrüben oder Zuckerrohr, mit Wachstumsregulatoren vor oder nach der Ernte zu hemmen. Außerdem lässt sich die Produktion oder der Abfluss von sekundären Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen positiv beeinflussen. Als Beispiel sei die Stimulierung des Latexflusses bei Gummibäumen genannt. Unter dem Einfluss von Wachstumsregulatoren kann es zur Ausbildung parthenokarper Früchte kommen. Feiner kann das Geschlecht der Blüten beeinflusst werden. Auch kann eine Sterilität des Pollens erzeugt werden, was bei der Züchtung und Herstellung von Hybridsaatgut eine große Bedeutung hat. Yield increases can in some cases be achieved through an intervention in the plant metabolism, without any noticeable changes in vegetative growth. Furthermore, with growth regulators, a change in the composition of the plants can be achieved, which in turn can lead to an improvement in the quality of the harvested products. For example, it is possible to increase the sugar content in sugar beet, sugarcane, pineapple and citrus fruits or to increase the protein content in soya or cereals. It is also possible, for example, the degradation of desirable ingredients such. Sugar in sugar beet or cane, with growth regulators before or after harvesting. In addition, the production or the discharge of secondary plant ingredients can be positively influenced. An example is the stimulation of latex flow in gum trees. Under the influence of growth regulators, parthenocarp fruits may develop. Finer the sex of the flowers can be influenced. Also, a sterility of the pollen can be produced, which has a great importance in the breeding and production of hybrid seed.
Durch den Einsatz von Wachstumsregulatoren lässt sich die Verzweigung der Pflanzen steuern. Einerseits kann durch Brechen der Apikaidominanz die Entwicklung von Seitentrieben gefördert werden, was besonders im Zier- pflanzenbau auch in Verbindung mit einer Wuchshemmung sehr erwünscht sein kann. Andererseits ist es aber
„„ Through the use of growth regulators, the branching of the plants can be controlled. On the one hand, the development of lateral shoots can be promoted by breaking the apicoid dominance, which can be very desirable, especially in ornamental plant production, also in connection with growth inhibition. On the other hand it is ""
- 33 - auch möglich, das Wachstum der Seitentriebe zu hemmen. Für diese Wirkung besteht z.B. großes Interesse im Tabakanbau oder bei der Anpflanzung von Tomaten. It is also possible to inhibit the growth of the lateral shoots. For this effect there is e.g. great interest in growing tobacco or planting tomatoes.
Unter dem Einfluss von Wachstumsregulatoren kann der Blattbestand der Pflanzen so gesteuert werden, dass ein Entblättern der Pflanzen zu einem gewünschten Zeitpunkt erreicht wird. Eine derartige Entlaubung spielt bei der mechanischen Beerntung der Baumwolle eine große Rolle ist aber auch in anderen Kulturen wie z.B. im Weinbau zur Erleichterung der Ernte von Interesse. Eine Entlaubung der Pflanzen kann auch vorgenommen werden, um die Transpiration der Pflanzen vor dem Verpflanzen herabzusetzen. Under the influence of growth regulators, the foliage of the plants can be controlled so that a defoliation of the plants is achieved at a desired time. Such defoliation plays a major role in the mechanical harvesting of cotton but is also important in other crops such as e.g. in viticulture to facilitate the harvest of interest. Defoliation of the plants may also be done to reduce the transpiration of the plants before transplanting.
Ebenso lässt sich mit Wachstumsregulatoren der Fruchtfall steuern. Einerseits kann ein vorzeitiger Fruchtfall verhindert werden. Andererseits kann aber auch der Fruchtfall oder sogar das Abfallen der Blüten bis zu einem gewünschten Masse gefördert werden („Ausdünnung"), um die Alternanz zu brechen. Unter Alternanz versteht man die Eigenart einiger Obst-Arten, endogen bedingt von Jahr zu Jahr sehr unterschiedliche Erträge zu bringen. Schließlich ist es möglich, mit Wachstumsregulatoren zum Zeitpunkt der Ernte die zum Ablösen der Früchte erforderlichen Kräfte zu reduzieren, um eine mechanische Beerntung zu ermöglichen oder eine manuelle Beerntung zu erleichtern. Likewise can be controlled with growth regulators the fruit case. On the one hand, a premature fruit drop can be prevented. On the other hand, however, the fruit fall or even the falling off of the flowers can be promoted to a desired mass ("thinning out") to break the alternance.On alternance, one understands the peculiarity of some fruit species, endogenously very different from year to year Finally, it is possible with growth regulators to reduce the forces required to detach the fruits at the time of harvest, to facilitate mechanical harvesting or facilitate manual harvesting.
Mit Wachstumsregulatoren lässt sich ferner eine Beschleunigung oder auch Verzögerung der Reife des Erntegutes vor oder nach der Ernte erreichen. Dieses ist von besonderem Vorteil, weil sich dadurch eine optimale Anpassung an die Bedürfhisse des Marktes herbeiführen lässt. Weiterhin können Wachstumsregulatoren in manchen Fällen die Fruchtaus färbung verbessern. Darüber hinaus kann mit Wachstumsregulatoren auch eine zeitliche Konzentrierung der Reife erzielt werden. Damit werden die Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen, dass z.B. bei Tabak, Tomaten oder Kaffee eine vollständige mechanische oder manuelle Beerntung in einem Arbeitsgang vorgenommen werden kann. Growth regulators can also be used to accelerate or retard the ripeness of the crop before or after harvesting. This is of particular advantage, because this can bring about an optimal adaptation to the needs of the market. In addition, growth regulators may in some cases improve the color of the fruit. In addition, with growth regulators, a temporal concentration of maturity can be achieved. This creates the conditions for e.g. in the case of tobacco, tomatoes or coffee a complete mechanical or manual harvesting can be carried out in one operation.
Durch Anwendung von Wachstumsregulatoren kann ferner die Samen- oder Knospenruhe der Pflanzen beein- flusst werden, so dass die Pflanzen, wie z.B. Ananas oder Zierpflanzen in Gärtnereien, zu einem Zeitpunkt keimen, austreiben oder blühen, an dem sie normalerweise hierzu keine Bereitschaft zeigen. Eine Verzögerung des Austriebes von Knospen oder der Keimung von Samen mit Hilfe von Wachstumsregulatoren kann in frostgefährdeten Gebieten erwünscht sein, um Schädigungen durch Spätfröste zu vermeiden. By employing growth regulators, furthermore, the seed or bud rest of the plants can be influenced so that the plants, such as e.g. Pineapples or ornamental plants in nurseries to germinate, sprout or flower at a time when they normally do not show any willingness to do so. Delaying bud sprouting or seed germination using growth regulators may be desirable in areas prone to frost to prevent damage from late frosts.
Schließlich kann mit Wachstumsregulatoren eine Resistenz der Pflanzen gegen Frost, Trockenheit oder hohen Salzgehalt des Bodens induziert werden. Hierdurch wird die Kultivierung von Pflanzen in Gebieten möglich, die hierzu normalerweise ungeeignet sind. Finally, growth regulators can induce plant resistance to frost, dryness or high soil salinity. This makes it possible to cultivate plants in areas that are normally unsuitable for this purpose.
Die aufgeführten Pflanzen können besonders vorteilhaft erfindungsgemäß mit den Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln behandelt werden. Die bei den Wirkstoffen bzw. Mitteln oben angegebenen Vorzugsbereiche gelten auch für die Behandlung dieser Pflanzen. Besonders hervorgehoben sei die Pflanzenbehandlung mit den im vorliegenden Text speziell aufgeführten Verbindungen bzw. Mitteln. The plants listed can be treated particularly advantageously according to the invention with the compounds of the general formula (I) the agents according to the invention. The preferred ranges given above for the active compounds or agents also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particularly emphasized is the plant treatment with the compounds or agents specifically mentioned in the present text.
Die Erfindung wird durch die folgenden Beispiele veranschaulicht. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf die Beispiele limitiert.
Herstellungsbeispiele The invention is illustrated by the following examples. However, the invention is not limited to the examples. Preparation Examples
Herstellung von Verbindung Nr. 1 Preparation of compound no. 1
Zu einer Lösung von 2-(2-Chlorbenzyl)-2-(l-chlorcyclopropyl)oxiran (500 mg) und 2-Iod-lH-imidazol (479 mg) in Dimethylformamid (5 mL) wurde bei Raumtemperatur Caesiumcarbonat (804 mg) gegeben. Das Gemisch wurde bei 50°C über Nacht gerührt und dann mit Wasser versetzt. Die wässrige Phase wurde abgetrennt und mit Ethylacetat extrahiert. Die vereinigten organischen Phasen wurden über Natriumsulfat getrocknet und unter vermindertem Druck eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde chromatographisch gereinigt. Man erhielt 2-(l-Chlorcyclo- propyl)- 1 -(2-chlorphenyl)-3 -(2-iod- 1 H-imidazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol (479 mg). To a solution of 2- (2-chlorobenzyl) -2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) oxirane (500 mg) and 2-iodo-1H-imidazole (479 mg) in dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added cesium carbonate (804 mg) at room temperature. given. The mixture was stirred at 50 ° C overnight and then water was added. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography. There was thus obtained 2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) -1- (2-chlorophenyl) -3- (2-iodo-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol (479mg).
Herstellung von Verbindung 4 Preparation of compound 4
Zu 767 mg (2.50 mmol) l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(l H-imidazol- l-ylmethyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol gelöst in 10 ml Tetrahydrofuran wurden bei -78 °C unter Argonatmosphäre 3.44 ml (1.6M, 5.50 mmol) «-Butyllithium zugegeben und die Reaktionsmischung für 0.5 h bei 0 °C nachgerührt. Nachfolgend wurde auf -78 °C abgekühlt und an- schließend wurden 698 mg (2.75 mmol) Iod gelöst in 2.5 mL Tetrahydrofuran tropfenweise zugegeben und die Reaktionsmischung über Nacht auf Raumtemperatur erwärmt. Am nächsten Morgen wurde bei dieser Temperatur ges. Natriumcarbonat-Lösung zugegeben und die Reaktionsmischung mit Essigester extrahiert. Die vereinigten organischen Phasen wurden über Magnesiumsulfat getrocknet, filtriert und eingeengt. Das Rohprodukt wurde anschließend säulenchromatographisch (Cyclohexan Essigsäureethylester 1:1) vorgereinigt und nachfolgend über präp. HPLC aufgereinigt. Man erhielt 270 mg (24.8 %) des gewünschten Produktes. To 767 mg (2.50 mmol) of 1- (4-chlorophenyl) -3- (1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl) -4,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added at -78 ° C under argon atmosphere 3.44 ml (1.6M, 5.50 mmol) of -butyllithium were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 0.5 h. The mixture was subsequently cooled to -78 ° C. and then 698 mg (2.75 mmol) of iodine dissolved in 2.5 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added dropwise and the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature overnight. The next morning sat at this temperature. Sodium carbonate solution was added and the reaction mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was then prepurified by column chromatography (cyclohexane ethyl acetate 1: 1) and subsequently prep. HPLC purified. 270 mg (24.8%) of the desired product were obtained.
In analoger Form erhält man die Verbindung 1, 2, 3, 5 und 18.
In analogous form, the compound 1, 2, 3, 5 and 18 are obtained.
Herstellung der Verbindungen 12, 13 und 14 Preparation of compounds 12, 13 and 14
Schritt 1 Step 1
Eine gerührte Suspension von Natriumhydrid (60 Gew.-%ige Suspension in Mineralöl, 365 mg, 9,13 mmol; frisch mit trockenem Heptan gewaschen) in trockenem DMF (20 ml)) wurde bei 3°C mit einer Lösung von 2-Chlorbenzyldiethylphosphonat (2,00 g, 7,61 mmol) in trockenem DMF (30 ml)) versetzt. Nach 1 h Rühren bei 3°C wurde tropfenweise mit einer Lösung von 2',4'-Difluoracetophenon (1,31 g, 8,37 mmol) in trockenem DMF (20 ml)) versetzt. Die erhaltene Mischung wurde 68 h bei Raumtemperatur gerührt und dann mit Wasser verdünnt und mit Diethylether extrahiert. Die organische Phase wurde getrocknet und im Vakuum zur Trockne eingeengt und der Rückstand wurde durch Chromatographie an Kieselgel aufgereinigt, wodurch man l-[l-(2- Chloφhenyl)prop-l-en-2-yl]-2,4-difluorbenzol als eine 93/7-Mischung von Diastereoisomeren erhielt [farbloser Feststoff, 560 mg, Ausbeute 26%; GC/MS: m/z = 264 (M+); HPLC/MS: logP(HcooH) = 5,05 (Haupt- diastereoisomer), 5,34 (Nebendiastereoisomer)] . A stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60 wt.% Suspension in mineral oil, 365 mg, 9.13 mmol, fresh with dry heptane) in dry DMF (20 ml) was stirred at 3 ° C with a solution of 2-chlorobenzyl diethylphosphonate (2.00 g, 7.61 mmol) in dry DMF (30 ml)). After stirring for 1 h at 3 ° C, a solution of 2 ', 4'-difluoroacetophenone (1.31 g, 8.37 mmol) in dry DMF (20 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 68 hours and then diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was dried and concentrated to dryness in vacuo and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel yielding 1- [1- (2-chlorophenyl) prop-1-en-2-yl] -2,4-difluorobenzene a 93/7 mixture of diastereoisomers [colorless solid, 560 mg, yield 26%; GC / MS: m / z = 264 (M + ); HPLC / MS: logP (H coo H ) = 5.05 (major diastereoisomer), 5.34 (minor diastereoisomer)].
Schritt 2 step 2
Eine gerührte Lösung von l-[l-(2-Chloφhenyl)prop-l-en-2-yl]-2,4-difluorbenzol (680 mg, 2,56 mmol), N-Bromsuccinimid (823 mg, 4,62 mmol) und Benzoylperoxid (30 mg) in AcOEt (15 ml)) wurde 3 h unter Rückfluss erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur wurde die Reaktionsmischung mit AcOEt verdünnt und mit Wasser gewaschen, und die vereinigten organischen Phasen wurden getrocknet und im Vakuum zur Trockne eingeengt. Durch Aufreinigung mittels Chromatographie an Kieselgel erhielt man 1 -[3 -Brom- 1 -(2- chloφhenyl)prop-l-en-2-yl]-2,4-difluorbenzol als eine 52/48-Mischung von Diastereoisomeren [farbloses Öl, 792 mg, Ausbeute 85%; GC/MS: m/z = 344 (M+); HPLC/MS: logP(HcooH) = 4,80 (Hauptdiastereoisomer), 5,25 (Nebendiastereoisomer)] .
Schritt 3 A stirred solution of 1- [1- (2-chloro-phenyl) -prop-1-en-2-yl] -2,4-difluorobenzene (680 mg, 2.56 mmol), N-bromosuccinimide (823 mg, 4.62 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (30 mg) in AcOEt (15 ml)) was refluxed for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with AcOEt and washed with water, and the combined organic phases were dried and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. Purification by chromatography on silica gel gave 1 - [3-bromo-1- (2-chloro-phenyl) -prop-1-en-2-yl] -2,4-difluorobenzene as a 52/48 mixture of diastereoisomers [colorless oil , 792 mg, yield 85%; GC / MS: m / z = 344 (M + ); HPLC / MS: logP (H coo H ) = 4.80 (major diastereoisomer), 5.25 (minor diastereoisomer)]. step 3
Herstellung von 2-(Brommethyl)-3-(2-chlorphenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorphenyl)oxiran Preparation of 2- (bromomethyl) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) oxirane
Eine gerührte Lösung von l-[3-Brom-l-(2-chloφhenyl) ro -l-en-2-yl]-2,4-difluorbenzol (720 mg, 2,09 mmol) in Essigsäure (20 ml)) wurde mit Maleinsäureanhydrid (2,05 g, 20,9 mmol) und anschließend mit Wasserstoffperoxid (35 Gew.-%ige wässrige Lösung, 2,04 g, 20,9 mmol) versetzt. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde 24 h bei 40°C gerührt, dann wurde weiteres Wasserstoffperoxid (35 Gew.-%ige wässrige Lösung, 2,04 g, 20,9 mmol) zugegeben und die Reaktionsmischung wurde 66 h bei 20°C gerührt. Überschüssiges Oxidationsmittel wurde durch Zugabe von ges. aq. Natriumthiosulfat gequencht. Die Mischung wurde mit Dichlormethan extrahiert; die organische Phase wurde über MgS04 getrocknet und im Vakuum eingeengt. Durch Aufreinigung des Rückstands an Kieselgel erhielt man 2-(Brommethyl)-3-(2-chloφhenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoφhenyl)oxiran als eine 59/41- Mischung von Diastereoisomeren [316 mg, farbloses Öl, Ausbeute 40%; GC/MS: m/z = 279 ([M-Br]+); HPLC/MS: logP(HcooH) = 4,61 (Hauptdiastereoisomer), 5,00 (Nebendiastereoisomer)]. A stirred solution of 1- [3-bromo-1- (2-chloro-phenyl) -ro-1-en-2-yl] -2,4-difluorobenzene (720 mg, 2.09 mmol) in acetic acid (20 ml)). was added maleic anhydride (2.05 g, 20.9 mmol) followed by hydrogen peroxide (35 wt% aqueous solution, 2.04 g, 20.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ° C for 24 h, then additional hydrogen peroxide (35 wt.% Aqueous solution, 2.04 g, 20.9 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 66 h. Excess oxidant was added by the addition of sat. aq. sodium thiosulfate quenched. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane; the organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue on silica afforded 2- (bromomethyl) -3- (2-chloro-phenyl) -2- (2,4-difluoro-phenyl) oxirane as a 59/41 mixture of diastereoisomers [316 mg, colorless oil, yield 40 %; GC / MS: m / z = 279 ([M-Br] + ); HPLC / MS: logP (HcooH) = 4.61 (major diastereoisomer), 5.00 (minor diastereoisomer)].
Schritt 4 Step 4
Eine gerührte Lösung von 2-Iodimidazol (242 mg, 1,25 mmol) in trockenem DMF (8 ml) wurde bei 3°C mit Natriumhydrid (60%ige Dispersion in Mineralöl, 56,7mg, 1,41 mmol) versetzt. Nachdem die Reaktionsmischung 20 min bei Raumtemperatur gerührt worden war, wurde mit 2-(ΒΓθΓηπΐ6ΐ1^1)-3-(2-ϋ1ι1οφ1ΐ6^1)-2-(2,4- difhK^henyl)oxiran (300 mg, 0.83 mmol) in trockenem DMF (4 ml) versetzt. Die erhaltene Mischung wurde 20 h bei 50°C und dann 3 h bei 80°C gerührt. Nach dem Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur wurde die Reaktions- mischung mit Wasser verdünnt und mit AcOEt extrahiert, und die Extrakte wurden getrocknet und im Vakuum zur Trockne eingeengt. Die Filtrate wurden vereinigt und im Vakuum eingeengt. Die Aufreinigung des Rückstands an Kieselgel lieferte l-{[3-(2-Chloφhenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoφhenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2-iod-lH-imidazol als eine 55/45-Mischung von Diastereoisomeren [298 mg, farbloser Feststoff, Ausbeute 72%; HPLC/MS: m/z = 473 (M+H); logP(HcooH) = 2,92 (Hauptdiastereoisomer), 3,31 (Nebendiastereoisomer)].
Schritt 5 To a stirred solution of 2-iodoimidazole (242 mg, 1.25 mmol) in dry DMF (8 mL) at 3 ° C was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 56.7 mg, 1.41 mmol). After the reaction mixture had been stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature, 2- (ΒΓθΓηπΐ6ΐ1 ^ 1) -3- (2-ι1ι1οφ1ΐ6 ^ 1) -2- (2,4-difhKhenyl) oxirane (300 mg, 0.83 mmol) was added. in dry DMF (4 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at 50 ° C for 20 hours and then at 80 ° C for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with AcOEt, and the extracts were dried and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The filtrates were combined and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue on silica afforded 1- {[3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -2-iodo-1H-imidazole as a 55:45 Mixture of diastereoisomers [298 mg, colorless solid, yield 72%; HPLC / MS: m / z = 473 (M + H); logP (HcooH) = 2.92 (major diastereoisomer), 3.31 (low diastereoisomer)]. Step 5
Auftrennung von rel-l-{[(2R,3R)-3-(2-Chlorphenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorphenyl)oxiran-2-yllmethyl}-2-iod-lH- i m i d az o l u n d r e l-l-{[(2R,3S)-3-(2-Chlorphenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorphenyl)oxiran-2-yllmethyl}-2-iod-lH- imidazol Separation of rel-1 - {[(2R, 3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-ylmethyl} -2-iodo-1H-imide az olundre 11 { [(2R, 3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-ylmethyl} -2-iodo-1H-imidazole
Eine Probe der oben erwähnten Mischung von Diastereoisomeren (200 mg) wurde durch präparative HPLC (Phenomenex AXIA Gemini C18; 110 A; 10 μπι 100 x 30 mm) aufgetrennt, wodurch man rel-l-{[(2R,3R)-3- (2-Chloφhenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoφhenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2-iod-lH-imidazol als einen farblosen Feststoff [103 mg, Ausbeute 49%; HPLC/MS: m/z = 473 (M+H); logP(HCOOH) = 2,86] und rel-l-{[(2R,3S)-3-(2- Chloφhenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoφhenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2-iod-lH-imidazol als einen farblosen Feststoff [53 mg, Ausbeute 25%; HPLC/MS: m/z = 473 (M+H); logP(HcooH) = 3,23] erhielt. A sample of the above-mentioned mixture of diastereoisomers (200 mg) was separated by preparative HPLC (Phenomenex AXIA Gemini C18; 110A; 10 μπι 100 x 30 mm) to give rel-1 - {[(2R, 3R) -3- (2-chloro-phenyl) -2- (2,4-difluoro-phenyl) -oxiran-2-yl] -methyl} -2-iodo-1H-imidazole as a colorless solid [103 mg, yield 49%; HPLC / MS: m / z = 473 (M + H); logP (HCOOH) = 2.86] and rel-1 - {[(2R, 3S) -3- (2-chloro-phenyl) -2- (2,4-difluoro-phenyl) -oxiran-2-yl] -methyl} -2- iodo-1H-imidazole as a colorless solid [53 mg, yield 25%; HPLC / MS: m / z = 473 (M + H); logP (H coo H ) = 3.23].
In analoger Form erhält man die Verbindung 6 bis 17. In analogous form gives the compound 6 to 17.
Die verschiedenen Aspekte der Erfindung werden nun unter Bezug auf die folgende Tabelle 1 von Verbindungsbeispielen und die folgende Darstellung oder Beispiele für Wirksamkeit erläutert. The various aspects of the invention will now be elucidated with reference to the following Table 1 of compound examples and the following illustration or examples of effectiveness.
Die folgende Tabelle 1 erläutert in nichteinschränkender Weise Beispiele von erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen. The following Table 1 illustrates, in a nonlimiting manner, examples of compounds of the invention.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
(I)(I)
_ _
- 39 - - 39 -
Die Messung der logP-Werte erfolgte gemäß EEC Direktive 79/831 Annex V.A8 durch HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) an Umkehrphasensäulen mit den folgenden Methoden: The logP values were measured according to EEC Directive 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on reversed-phase columns using the following methods:
[a| Die Bestimmung mit der LC-MS erfolgte bei einem pH-Wert von 2,7 mit 0,1% Ameisensäure in Wasser und mit Acetonitril (enthält 0,1% Ameisensäure) als Eluent mit einem linearen Gradienten von 10% Acetonitril bis 95% Acetonitril. [a | The determination with the LC-MS was carried out at a pH of 2.7 with 0.1% formic acid in water and with acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) as eluent with a linear gradient of 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile ,
M Die Bestimmung mit der LC-MS erfolgte bei einem pH-Wert von 7,8 mit 0,001 -molarer Ammoniumhydro- gencarbonatlösung in Wasser als Eluent mit einem linearen Gradienten von 10% Acetonitril bis 95% Acetonitril. M Determination with LC-MS was carried out at pH 7.8 with 0.001 molar ammonium hydrogencarbonate solution in water as eluent with a linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile.
Die Eichung erfolgte mit unverzweigten Alkan2-onen (mit 3 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen), deren logP-Werte be- kannt sind (Bestimmung der logP-Werte anhand der Retentionszeiten durch lineare Interpolation zwischen aufeinander folgenden Alkanonen). Die lambda-maX-Werte wurden anhand der UV-Spektren von 200 nm bis 400 nm in den Maxima der chromatographischen Signale ermittelt. The calibration was carried out with unbranched alkanones (having 3 to 16 carbon atoms) whose logP values are known (determination of the logP values by means of the retention times by linear interpolation between consecutive alkanones). The lambda-maX values were determined on the basis of the UV spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm in the maxima of the chromatographic signals.
NMR-Daten: NMR data:
NMR-Daten ausgewählter Beispiele Die NMR-Daten ausgewählter Beispiele werden entweder in klassischer Form (δ- Werte, Anzahl der H- Atome, Multiplettaufspaltung) oder als NMR-Peak-Listen aufgeführt. NMR data of selected examples The NMR data of selected examples are listed either in classical form (δ values, number of H atoms, multiplet splitting) or as NMR peak lists.
Beispiel 1: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.62-0.97 (m, 4H), 3.11 (d, 1H), 3.22 (d, 1H), 4.01 (d, 1H), 4.33 (d, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H; OH), 6.97 (s, 1H) 7.24-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.63 (m, 2H) ppm. Example 1: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.62-0.97 (m, 4H), 3.11 (d, 1H), 3.22 (d, 1H), 4.01 (d, 1H), 4.33 ( d, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H, OH), 6.97 (s, 1H) 7.24-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.63 (m, 2H) ppm.
Beispiel 2: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.58-0.87 (m, 4H), 2.82 (d, 1H), 3.10 (d, 1H), 4.18 (d, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H; OH), 6.98 (s, 1H) 7.09-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 1H) ppm. Example 2: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.58-0.87 (m, 4H), 2.82 (d, 1H), 3.10 (d, 1H), 4.18 (d, 1H), 4.26 ( d, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H, OH), 6.98 (s, 1H) 7.09-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 1H) ppm.
Beispiel 3: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.56-0.75 (m, 4H), 4.50 (d, 1H), 4.60 (d, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H, OH), 6.60-6.64 (m, 2H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.96 (t, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H) ppm. Example 3: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.56-0.75 (m, 4H), 4.50 (d, 1H), 4.60 (d, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H, OH), 6.60-6.64 (m, 2H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.96 (t, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H) ppm.
Beispiel 4: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.99 (s, 9H), 1.05-1.15 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.78(m, 2H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 1H), 3.94 (d, 1H), 4.13 (d, 1H), 4.58 (s, 1H, OH), 6.97 (d, 2H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H) ppm. Beispiel 5: 1H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.75-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.97-1.02 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.22 (m, 1H), 4.52 (d, 2H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 6.63-6.68 (m, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.91 (t, 2H), 6.98-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.53- 7.60 (m, 1H) ppm. Example 4: 'H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.99 (s, 9H), 1.05-1.15 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.78 (m, 2H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 1H ), 3.94 (d, 1H), 4.13 (d, 1H), 4.58 (s, 1H, OH), 6.97 (d, 2H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H) ppm. Example 5: 1H-NMR: δ (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) = 0.75-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.97-1.02 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.22 (m, 1H), 4.52 (d, 2H) , 6.17 (s, 1H), 6.63-6.68 (m, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.91 (t, 2H), 6.98-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.53- 7.60 (m, 1H) ppm.
NMR-Peaklisten NMR peak lists
Wenn die IH-NMR-Daten ausgewählter Beispiele in Form von IH-NMR-Peaklisten notiert werden, wird zu jedem Signalpeak erst der δ-Wert in ppm und dann die Signalintensität in runden Klammern aufge-
„ If the IH-NMR data of selected examples are noted in the form of IH-NMR peak lists, the δ value in ppm and then the signal intensity in parentheses is added to each signal peak. "
- 40 - führt. Die δ-Wert - Signalintensitäts- Zahlenpaare von verschiedenen Signalpeaks werden durch Semikolons voneinander getrennt aufgelistet. - 40 - leads. The δ-value signal intensity number pairs of different signal peaks are listed separated by semicolons.
Die Peakliste eines Beispieles hat daher die Form: δι (Intensitäti); 82 (Intensität2); ; δ; (Intensität ; ; δη (Intensitätn) The peak list of an example therefore has the form: δι (intensity i); 82 (intensity2); ; δ; (Intensity; δ η (intensity n )
NMR-Peaklistentabelle NMR peak list table
Beispiel 6, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 499,93 MHz Example 6, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 499.93 MHz
7,5882 (3,58); 7,5840 (3,84); 7,5740 (3,91); 7,5704 (4,40); 7,5046 (3,90); 7,5019 (3,46); 7,4905 (4,96); 7,4868 (5,12); 7,4748 (0,43); 7,4190 (1,66); 7,4071 (4,92); 7,4044 (4,90); 7,3974 (5,43); 7,3934 (7,76); 7,3828 (4,30); 7,3791 (3,64); 7,3679 (1,40); 7,3645 (1,09); 7,3360 (5,98); 7,3322 (3,47); 7,3255 (7,02); 7,3188 (7,44); 7,3119 7.5882 (3.58); 7.5840 (3.84); 7.5740 (3.91); 7,5704 (4,40); 7.5046 (3.90); 7,5019 (3.46); 7,4905 (4,96); 7,4868 (5,12); 7.4748 (0.43); 7.4190 (1.66); 7,4071 (4,92); 7,4044 (4,90); 7.3974 (5.43); 7,3934 (7,76); 7,32828 (4,30); 7,3791 (3.64); 7.3679 (1.40); 7.3645 (1.09); 7,3360 (5,98); 7.3322 (3.47); 7.3255 (7.02); 7,3188 (7,44); 7.3119
(4.02) ; 7,3083 (6,63); 7,2634 (10,28); 7,2528 (7,03); 7,2509 (6,81); 7,2302 (3,46); 7,2144 (4,24); 7,1321 (4,27); 7,1220 (10,46); 7,1150 (5,26); 7,1044 (4,42); 7,0933 (1,83); 7,0903 (1,77); 7,0779 (3,00); 7,0756 (3,04); 7,0627 (1,89); 7,0596 (1,95); 7,0467 (6,61); 7,0294 (13,12); 7,0215 (14,12); 7,0156 (16,00); 7,0132 (13,79); 7,0007 (2,38); 6,9849 (3,90); 6,9702 (2,46); 6,9472 (3,93); 6,9449 (3,85); 6,9319 (2,17); 6,8528 (4,15); 6,8355 (7,60); 6,8182 (3,71); 4,6028 (3,79); 4,5724 (5,56); 4,4513 (5,71); 4,4210 (4,00); 4,4056 (7,25); 4,3757 (7,78); 4,2513 (12,68);(4.02); 7,3083 (6,63); 7,2634 (10,28); 7.2528 (7.03); 7.2509 (6.81); 7.2302 (3.46); 7,2144 (4,24); 7,1321 (4,27); 7, 1220 (10:46); 7.1150 (5.26); 7,1044 (4:42); 7.0933 (1.83); 7,0903 (1.77); 7.0779 (3.00); 7.0756 (3.04); 7.0627 (1.89); 7.0596 (1.95); 7.0467 (6.61); 7,0294 (13.12); 7:02, 15 (14:12); 7.0156 (16.00); 7.0132 (13.79); 7,0007 (2.38); 6.9849 (3.90); 6,9702 (2.46); 6.9472 (3.93); 6.9449 (3.85); 6,9319 (2,17); 6,8528 (4,15); 6,8355 (7,60); 6.8182 (3.71); 4,6028 (3,79); 4.5724 (5.56); 4,4513 (5,71); 4,4210 (4,00); 4,4056 (7,25); 4,3757 (7,78); 4,2513 (12,68);
4,2066 (8,28); 3,6910 (7,87); 3,6611 (7,32); 1,7319 (4,59); -0,0002 (9,27) 4,2066 (8,28); 3.6910 (7.87); 3.6611 (7.32); 1.7319 (4.59); -0,0002 (9,27)
Beispiel 7, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 499,93 MHz Example 7, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 499.93 MHz
7,2638 (10,31); 7,2541 (12,32); 7,2513 (12,46); 7,2312 (5,13); 7,2293 (5,23); 7,2153 (6,35); 7,2133 (6,30); 7,1385 (1,04); 7,1327 (7,62); 7,1258 (12,54); 7,1228 (16,00); 7,1195(5,07); 7,1151 (8,68); 7,1089 (3,77); 7,1046 (8,03); 7,0988 (1,24); 7,0937 (2,60); 7,0902 (2,65); 7,0785 (4,38); 7,0750 (4,39); 7,0632 (2,70); 7,0596 (2,83); 7,0011 (2,46); 6,9993 (2,45); 6,9858 (5,45); 6,9840 (5,37); 6,9710 (3,53); 6,9693 (3,42); 6,9482 (5,87); 6,9447 (5,79); 6,9328 (3,21); 6,9293 (2,88); 6,8589 (1,01); 6,8532 (8,17); 6,8489 (2,57); 6,8396 (3,29); 6,8358 (14,56); 6,8318 (3,10); 6,8225 (2,59); 6,8183 (7,10); 6,8126 (0,88); 4,6035 (7,31); 4,5732 (10,65); 4,4520 (11,35); 4,4216 (7,85); 7.2638 (10.31); 7,2541 (12:32); 7,2513 (12,46); 7,2312 (5:13); 7.2293 (5.23); 7.2153 (6.35); 7.2133 (6.30); 7.1385 (1.04); 7.1327 (7.62); 7,1258 (12,54); 7,1228 (16.00); 7.1195 (5.07); 7,1151 (8,68); 7,1089 (3,77); 7,1046 (8.03); 7,0988 (1.24); 7.0937 (2.60); 7.0902 (2.65); 7.0785 (4.38); 7.0750 (4.39); 7.0632 (2.70); 7.0596 (2.83); 7,0011 (2.46); 6.9993 (2.45); 6,9858 (5.45); 6.9840 (5.37); 6.9710 (3.53); 6,9693 (3.42); 6,9482 (5.87); 6.9447 (5.79); 6.9328 (3.21); 6,9293 (2,88); 6.8589 (1.01); 6,8532 (8,17); 6.8489 (2.57); 6,8396 (3,29); 6,8358 (14,56); 6,8318 (3,10); 6.8225 (2.59); 6,8183 (7,10); 6.8126 (0.88); 4,6035 (7,31); 4.5732 (10.65); 4,4520 (11,35); 4,4216 (7,85);
4,2070 (13,91); 1,7293 (0,47); 1,2533 (0,81); 0,0709 (0,43); 0,0063 (0,45); -0,0002 (10,47); -0,0068 (0,36) 4,2070 (13.91); 1.7293 (0.47); 1.2533 (0.81); 0.0709 (0.43); 0.0063 (0.45); -0.0002 (10.47); -0.0068 (0.36)
Beispiel 8, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 499,93 MHz Example 8, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 499.93 MHz
7,5170 (3,49); 7,5124 (3,84); 7,5029 (3,79); 7,4987 (4,33); 7,4337 (4,07); 7,4307 (3,32); 7,4194 (5,33); 7,4155 (5,51); 7,4035 (0,39); 7,3510 (1,21); 7,3478 (1,71); 7,3361 (4,99); 7,3330 (4,90); 7,3266 (5,22); 7,3225 (7,63); 7,3185 (4,55); 7,3118 (4,37); 7,3078 (3,67); 7,2969 (1,51); 7,2931 (1,10); 7,2829 (0,38); 7,2704 (0,98); 7,2647 (6,55); 7,2605 (3,26); 7,2542 (7,36); 7,2472 (8,07); 7,2409 (3,97); 7,2367 (7,58); 7,2313 (1,67); 7,2175 (0,63); 7,1910 (9,38); 7,1820 (0,59); 7,1587 (0,32); 7,1424 (0,35); 6,9813 (1,12); 6,9757 (7,22); 6,9716 (2,77); 6,9583 (14,38); 6,9541 (11,83); 6,9517 (13,88); 6,9450 (16,00); 6,9420 (13,16); 4,3344 (8,05); 4,3045 (8,71); 4,1798 (13,19); 3,6193 (9,12); 3,5894 (8,48); 3,0215 (0,35); 2,9148 (0,36); 2,4491 (0,33); 1,6635 (0,51); 1,3576 (7,35); 7.5170 (3.49); 7.5124 (3.84); 7.5029 (3.79); 7,4987 (4,33); 7.4333 (4.07); 7,4307 (3,32); 7.4194 (5.33); 7.4155 (5.51); 7.4035 (0.39); 7.3510 (1.21); 7.3478 (1.71); 7.3361 (4.99); 7,3330 (4,90); 7,3266 (5,22); 7,3225 (7,63); 7,3185 (4,55); 7,3118 (4,37); 7,3078 (3,67); 7.2969 (1.51); 7,2931 (1,10); 7.2829 (0.38); 7.2704 (0.98); 7.2647 (6.55); 7.2605 (3.26); 7,2542 (7,36); 7.2472 (8.07); 7.2409 (3.97); 7.2367 (7.58); 7.2313 (1.67); 7.2175 (0.63); 7: 1910 (9.38); 7.1820 (0.59); 7.1587 (0.32); 7.1424 (0.35); 6.9813 (1.12); 6,9757 (7,22); 6.9716 (2.77); 6.9583 (14.38); 6.9541 (11.83); 6,9517 (13,88); 6.9450 (16.00); 6,9420 (13,16); 4.3344 (8.05); 4,3045 (8,71); 4,1798 (13:19); 3,6193 (9.12); 3.5894 (8.48); 3.0215 (0.35); 2.9148 (0.36); 2.4491 (0.33); 1.6635 (0.51); 1.3576 (7.35);
1,1823 (0,86); -0,0002 (15,97); -0,0654 (0,53); -0,0716 (9,55); -0,0779 (0,55) 1.1823 (0.86); -0,0002 (15,97); -0.0654 (0.53); -0.0716 (9.55); -0.0779 (0.55)
Beispiel 10, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 400,13 MHz Example 10, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 400.13 MHz
7,2443 (0,37); 7,2350 (0,47); 7,2313 (0,55); 7,2200 (5,93); 7,2175 (6,15); 7,2000 (7,91); 7,1973 (8,36); 7,1936 (15,71); 7,1842 (13,92); 7,1808 (14,43); 7,1696 (0,38); 7,1146 (0,32); 7,0766 (0,34); 7,0612 (3,43); 7,0571 (3,64); 7,0477 (13,46); 7,0441 (14,93); 7,0383 (5,89); 7,0227 (3,82); 7,0181 (6,26); 6,9975 (7,08); 6,9895 (1,12); 6,9780 7.2443 (0.37); 7.2350 (0.47); 7.2313 (0.55); 7.2200 (5.93); 7,2175 (6,15); 7.2000 (7.91); 7,1973 (8,36); 7,1936 (15,71); 7.1842 (13.92); 7,1808 (14,43); 7.1696 (0.38); 7.1146 (0.32); 7.0766 (0.34); 7.0612 (3.43); 7.0571 (3.64); 7,0477 (13.46); 7.0441 (14.93); 7.0383 (5.89); 7,0227 (3,82); 7,0181 (6,26); 6.9975 (7.08); 6.9895 (1.12); 6.9780
(5.03) ; 6,9136 (3,32); 6,9115 (3,38); 6,8951 (11,19); 6,8919 (11,68); 6,8756 (6,91); 6,8717 (5,38); 6,8393 (0,36); 6,8278 (6,23); 6,8230 (5,41); 6,8036 (6,18); 6,7988 (5,48); 6,7649 (5,79); 6,7610 (5,79); 6,7456 (4,51); 6,7416 (4,29); 4,6524 (7,01); 4,6145 (8,68); 4,3251 (10,78); 4,3106 (16,00); 4,2873 (8,57); 2,8839 (1,20); 2,8113 (1,01); 1,6934 (0,38); 1,1819 (1,01); 0,0088 (0,69); -0,0002 (17,87); -0,0094 (0,73); -0,0632 (0,37); -0,0714 (9,51); -0,0796(5.03); 6.9136 (3.32); 6.9115 (3.38); 6,8951 (11,19); 6.8919 (11.68); 6,8756 (6.91); 6,8717 (5,38); 6.8393 (0.36); 6,8278 (6,23); 6.8230 (5.41); 6,8036 (6,18); 6,7988 (5,48); 6.7649 (5.79); 6.7610 (5.79); 6,7456 (4.51); 6.7416 (4.29); 4.6524 (7.01); 4.6145 (8.68); 4,3251 (10,78); 4,3106 (16.00); 4,2873 (8,57); 2.8839 (1.20); 2.8113 (1.01); 1.6934 (0.38); 1.1819 (1.01); 0.0088 (0.69); -0,0002 (17,87); -0.0094 (0.73); -0.0632 (0.37); -0.0714 (9.51); -0.0796
(0,39) (0.39)
Beispiel 11, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 400,13 MHz Example 11, solvent: CDCl3, spectrometer: 400.13 MHz
7,5243 (1,47); 7,5160 (1,36); 7,5075 (1,08); 7,5055 (1,10); 7,5011 (1,79); 7,4331 (1,61); 7,4282 (1,11); 7,4231 (0,97); 7,4164 (1,47); 7,4102 (2,35); 7,4001 (0,33); 7,3515 (0,35); 7,3460 (0,74); 7,3329 (2,59); 7,3282 (3,82); 7,3191 (4,48); 7,3103 (2,98); 7,3053 (1,74); 7,2925 (0,49); 7,1918 (6,31); 7,0978 (1,65); 7,0892 (2,12); 7,0844 (2,39); 7,0776 (3,33); 7,0645 (2,13); 7,0588 (3,81); 7,0069 (2,59); 7,0022 (2,18); 6,9929 (0,52); 6,9859 (1,59); 6,9815 (1,47); 6,9418 (16,00); 4,4194 (2,74); 4,3817 (3,01); 4,2403 (5,88); 3,6851 (3,77); 3,6475 (3,43); 2,8844 7.5243 (1.47); 7.5160 (1.36); 7.5075 (1.08); 7.5055 (1.10); 7.5011 (1.79); 7.4331 (1.61); 7.4282 (1.11); 7.4231 (0.97); 7.4164 (1.47); 7.4102 (2.35); 7,4001 (0.33); 7.3515 (0.35); 7.3460 (0.74); 7.3329 (2.59); 7,3282 (3,82); 7,3191 (4,48); 7,3103 (2,98); 7,3053 (1.74); 7.2925 (0.49); 7,1918 (6,31); 7.0978 (1.65); 7: 892 (2:12); 7.0844 (2.39); 7,0776 (3.33); 7.0645 (2.13); 7.0588 (3.81); 7.0069 (2.59); 7,0022 (2,18); 6.9929 (0.52); 6.9859 (1.59); 6.9815 (1.47); 6.9418 (16.00); 4,4194 (2,74); 4.3817 (3.01); 4,2403 (5,88); 3,6851 (3.77); 3.6475 (3.43); 2.8844
(1,06); 2,8116 (0,94); 1,3437 (0,49); 1,1825 (0,60); -0,0002 (5,48); -0,0717 (4,07) (1.06); 2.8116 (0.94); 1.3437 (0.49); 1.1825 (0.60); -0.0002 (5.48); -0.0717 (4.07)
Beispiel 12, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 300,16 MHz Example 12, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 300.16 MHz
7,6388 (2,30); 7,6250 (2,29); 7,6197 (1,46); 7,6159 (1,75); 7,6131 (1,85); 7,6075 (3,28); 7,5483 (2,61); 7,5411 (1,70); 7,5301 (2,08); 7,5263 (2,34); 7,5175 (4,43); 7,5048 (0,66); 7,4702 (0,37); 7,4623 (1,11); 7,4453 (5,03); 7,4407 (5,70); 7,4276 (7,77); 7,4148 (3,86); 7,4102 (3,08); 7,3932 (0,70); 7,3852 (0,42); 7,3327 (5,29); 7,3295 (5,34); 7,3060 (7,74); 7,2985 (17,31); 7,2940 (13,83); 7,2519 (1,70); 7,2306 (1,89); 7,2237 (3,35); 7,2026 (3,35); 7,1960 (2,07); 7,1701 (5,17); 7,1646 (3,98); 7,1572 (12,71); 7,1528 (12,39); 7,1411 (8,66); 7,1199 (6,60); 7,1139 (5,63); 7,0931 (2,48); 7,0714 (0,36); 7,0483 (13,03); 7,0446 (13,59); 7,0401 (5,03); 7,0279 (0,59); 7,0153 (3,09); 7,0125 (3,03); 6,9896 (6,07); 6,9648 (3,25); 6,9479 (0,32); 6,9367 (1,65); 6,9286 (2,00); 6,9075 (1,90); 6,8999 (2,58); 6,8949 (2,35); 6,8659 (3,83); 6,8596 (7,21); 6,8545 (6,04); 6,8412 (3,36); 6,8336 (6,55); 6,8148 (1,68);
6,8067 (1,28); 6,7613 (1,85); 6,7584 (1,92); 6,7531 (2,20); 6,7320 (3,53); 6,7243 (4,03); 6,7058 (1,69); 6,7033 (1,69); 6,6978 (1,98); 6,6705 (2,93); 6,6624 (2,37); 6,6412 (3,37); 6,6368 (3,70); 6,6291 (2,86); 6,6080 (2,83); 6,5999 (2,41); 4,9593 (0,33); 4,7622 (6,70); 4,7118 (9,01); 4,5042 (4,91); 4,4542 (5,71); 4,4321 (11,04); 4,4218 (16,00); 4,3817 (8,05); 4,3630 (10,69); 3,8130 (7,15); 3,7630 (6,23); 2,9940 (0,89); 2,9213 (0,77); 2,0828 (0,65); 1,6740 (5,17); 1,3406 (0,43); 1,3187 (0,80); 1,3002 (2,60); 1,2714 (0,40); 0,9379 (0,91); 0,9161 (2,78); 0,89277.6388 (2.30); 7.6250 (2.29); 7.6197 (1.46); 7.6159 (1.75); 7.6131 (1.85); 7.6075 (3.28); 7.5483 (2.61); 7.5411 (1.70); 7.5301 (2.08); 7.5263 (2.34); 7.5175 (4.43); 7.5048 (0.66); 7.4702 (0.37); 7.4623 (1.11); 7,4453 (5,03); 7,4407 (5,70); 7,4276 (7,77); 7.4148 (3.86); 7.4102 (3.08); 7.3932 (0.70); 7,3852 (0.42); 7,3327 (5,29); 7,3295 (5,34); 7.3060 (7.74); 7.2985 (17.31); 7.2940 (13.83); 7.2519 (1.70); 7.2306 (1.89); 7.2237 (3.35); 7,2026 (3,35); 7.1960 (2.07); 7,1701 (5:17); 7,1646 (3,98); 7,1572 (12,71); 7: 1528 (12:39); 7,1411 (8,66); 7.1199 (6.60); 7.1139 (5.63); 7.0931 (2.48); 7.0714 (0.36); 7.0483 (13.03); 7,0446 (13.59); 7.0401 (5.03); 7.0279 (0.59); 7.0153 (3.09); 7.0125 (3.03); 6.9896 (6.07); 6,9648 (3,25); 6.9479 (0.32); 6.9367 (1.65); 6.9286 (2.00); 6.9075 (1.90); 6.8999 (2.58); 6.8949 (2.35); 6.8659 (3.83); 6.8596 (7.21); 6.8545 (6.04); 6.8412 (3.36); 6.8336 (6.55); 6.8148 (1.68); 6,8067 (1,28); 6.7613 (1.85); 6.7584 (1.92); 6,7531 (2,20); 6.7320 (3.53); 6,7243 (4.03); 6,7058 (1.69); 6.7033 (1.69); 6.6978 (1.98); 6.6705 (2.93); 6,6624 (2.37); 6,6412 (3,37); 6,6368 (3.70); 6,6291 (2,86); 6.6080 (2.83); 6.5999 (2.41); 4.9593 (0.33); 4,7622 (6,70); 4,7118 (9.01); 4.5042 (4.91); 4.4542 (5.71); 4,4321 (11.04); 4,4218 (16,00); 4,3817 (8.05); 4.3630 (10.69); 3.8130 (7.15); 3.7630 (6.23); 2.9940 (0.89); 2.9213 (0.77); 2.0828 (0.65); 1.6740 (5.17); 1.3406 (0.43); 1.3187 (0.80); 1,3002 (2.60); 1.2714 (0.40); 0.9379 (0.91); 0.9161 (2.78); .8927
(1.05) (1:05)
Beispiel 13, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 400,13 MHz Example 13, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 400.13 MHz
7,3152 (0,38); 7,2929 (5,45); 7,2904 (5,69); 7,2728 (7,40); 7,2703 (7,83); 7,2649 (21,10); 7,2604 (14,20); 7,1267 (4,53); 7,1216 (13,75); 7,1181 (12,28); 7,1084 (7,12); 7,1044 (8,62); 7,0888 (6,37); 7,0846 (5,19); 7,0680 (2,10); 6,9732 (2,94); 6,9712 (2,99); 6,9538 (5,77); 6,9521 (5,82); 6,9353 (3,12); 6,9334 (3,03); 6,8214 (5,42); 6,8175 7.3152 (0.38); 7.2929 (5.45); 7.2904 (5.69); 7,2728 (7,40); 7.2703 (7.83); 7,2649 (21,10); 7.2604 (14.20); 7.1267 (4.53); 7,1216 (13,75); 7,1181 (12,28); 7,1084 (7.12); 7,1044 (8,62); 7,0888 (6,37); 7: 846 (5:19); 7.0680 (2.10); 6.9732 (2.94); 6.9712 (2.99); 6.9538 (5.77); 6.9521 (5.82); 6,9353 (3,12); 6.9334 (3.03); 6.8214 (5.42); 6.8175
(5.50) ; 6,8019 (4,28); 6,7981 (4,16); 6,7180 (1,73); 6,7158 (1,87); 6,7119 (2,00); 6,7099 (1,99); 6,6960 (3,38); 6,6902 (3,67); 6,6764 (1,61); 6,6743 (1,70); 6,6703 (1,86); 6,6685 (1,80); 6,6262 (2,70); 6,6201 (2,34); 6,6042 (3,14); 6,6009 (3,54); 6,5986 (3,22); 6,5951 (2,80); 6,5792 (2,66); 6,5732 (2,28); 4,7203 (6,59); 4,6825 (8,20); 4,3917 (11,40); 4,3870 (16,00); 4,3541 (8,04); 2,0101 (2,45); 1,7293 (6,61); 0,0079 (0,33); -0,0002 (9,31); -0,0085(5.50); 6,8019 (4,28); 6,7981 (4,16); 6.7180 (1.73); 6.7158 (1.87); 6,7119 (2.00); 6.7099 (1.99); 6.6960 (3.38); 6,6902 (3.67); 6.6764 (1.61); 6.6743 (1.70); 6,6703 (1.86); 6.6685 (1.80); 6.6262 (2.70); 6,6201 (2.34); 6,6042 (3,14); 6,6009 (3.54); 6,5986 (3,22); 6.5951 (2.80); 6.5792 (2.66); 6.5732 (2.28); 4,7203 (6.59); 4,6825 (8,20); 4,3917 (11,40); 4,3870 (16.00); 4,3541 (8,04); 2.0101 (2.45); 1.7293 (6.61); 0.0079 (0.33); -0,0002 (9,31); -0.0085
(0,33) (0.33)
Beispiel 14, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 400,13 MHz Example 14, solvent: CDCl3, spectrometer: 400.13 MHz
7,6081 (0,35); 7,5980 (3,06); 7,5904 (2,99); 7,5855 (1,92); 7,5825 (2,13); 7,5808 (2,36); 7,5786 (2,37); 7,5747 (3,83); 7,5669 (0,39); 7,5151 (0,33); 7,5061 (3,70); 7,5014 (2,52); 7,4973 (1,95); 7,4908 (3,04); 7,4889 (3,44); 7,4831 (5,49); 7,4724 (0,64); 7,4242 (0,69); 7,4190 (1,49); 7,4055 (5,61); 7,4003 (8,88); 7,3911 (11,48); 7,3825 7.6081 (0.35); 7.5980 (3.06); 7.5904 (2.99); 7.5855 (1.92); 7.5825 (2.13); 7.5808 (2.36); 7.5786 (2.37); 7.5747 (3.83); 7.5669 (0.39); 7.5151 (0.33); 7.5061 (3.70); 7.5014 (2.52); 7.4973 (1.95); 7,4908 (3,04); 7,4889 (3,44); 7, 4831 (5.49); 7.4724 (0.64); 7.4242 (0.69); 7.4190 (1.49); 7,4055 (5.61); 7,4003 (8,88); 7,3911 (11,48); 7.3825
(6.91) ; 7,3766 (3,61); 7,3638 (0,93); 7,3580 (0,56); 7,2654 (8,06); 7,2063 (2,08); 7,1904 (2,38); 7,1852 (3,97); 7,1694 (4,00); 7,1644 (2,50); 7,1485 (2,22); 7,0583 (0,32); 7,0154 (6,74); 7,0120 (14,54); 7,0081 (16,00); 7,0046 (6,78); 6,9958 (0,51); 6,8911 (2,11); 6,8850 (2,39); 6,8693 (2,43); 6,8651 (2,89); 6,8635(3,09); 6,8596 (2,72); 6,8439 (2,04); 6,8378 (2,45); 6,8255 (1,93); 6,8232 (1,88); 6,8193 (1,58); 6,8172 (1,53); 6,8036 (3,28); 6,7976 (2,72); 6,7840 (1,65); 6,7817 (1,64); 6,7778 (1,37); 6,7757 (1,29); 4,4606 (6,14); 4,4230 (6,76); 4,3259 (13,09);(6.91); 7.3766 (3.61); 7.3638 (0.93); 7.3580 (0.56); 7.2654 (8.06); 7,2063 (2,08); 7.1904 (2.38); 7,1852 (3,97); 7,1694 (4,00); 7.1644 (2.50); 7.1485 (2.22); 7.0583 (0.32); 7.0154 (6.74); 7.0120 (14.54); 7,0081 (16.00); 7.0046 (6.78); 6.9958 (0.51); 6.8911 (2,11); 6.8850 (2.39); 6,8693 (2.43); 6.8651 (2.89); 6.8635 (3.09); 6.8596 (2.72); 6.8439 (2.04); 6.8378 (2.45); 6.8255 (1.93); 6.8232 (1.88); 6.8193 (1.58); 6.8172 (1.53); 6.8036 (3.28); 6.7976 (2.72); 6.7840 (1.65); 6.7817 (1.64); 6.7777 (1.37); 6,7757 (1,29); 4,4606 (6,14); 4,4230 (6,76); 4,3259 (13.09);
3,7708 (9,14); 3,7332 (8,25); 1,8165 (1,68); -0,0002 (4,90) 3,7708 (9,14); 3.7332 (8.25); 1.8165 (1.68); -0,0002 (4,90)
Beispiel 15, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 499,93 MHz Example 15, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 499.93 MHz
7,6114 (1,12); 7,6065(1,15); 7,5972 (1,03); 7,5928 (1,27); 7,5109 (1,28); 7,5077 (0,93); 7,5056 (0,77); 7,4969 (1 ,57); 7,4926 (1 ,65); 7,4246 (0,44); 7,4211 (0,64); 7,4098 (1 ,66); 7,4063 (1 ,56); 7,4015 (1,71); 7,3963 (2,80); 7,3916 (1,30); 7,3867 (1,39); 7,3825 (1,15); 7,3718 (0,46); 7,3676 (0,35); 7,3053 (5,33); 7,2893 (6,44); 7,2693 (8,00); 7,2594 (8,05); 7,2467 (2,94); 7,2313 (2,17); 7,1745 (1,71); 7,1694 (1,63); 7,1579(1,74); 7,1528 (1,69); 7,1476 (1,45); 7,1355(2,04); 7,1234 (16,00); 7,1211 (13,34); 7,1106 (5,41); 7,1083(5,20); 7,0953 (2,87); 7,0923 (2,62); 7,0765 (0,36); 7,0450 (0,38); 7,0323 (3,06); 7,0300 (3,52); 7,0166 (1,16); 6,9553 (0,48); 6,9520 (0,48); 6,9254 (0,40); 6,9032 (3,28); 6,8985 (4,39); 6,8826 (7,46); 6,8703 (6,03); 6,8560 (3,08); 6,8169 (0,35); 6,8144 (0,32); 6,5919 (3,14); 6,5767 (2,81); 4,8481 (3,01); 4,8180 (3,32); 4,5801 (6,05); 4,5391 (0,55); 4,5086 (0,54); 4,4224(4,41); 4,2811 (3,50); 4,2510(3,09); 3,9450 (0,54); 3,9151 (0,51); 2,9533(1,14); 2,8821 (1,01); 1,6010 (7,32); 1,2559 (0,98); 0,1166 (0,35); 0,0698 (0,51); 0,0060 (4,77); -0,0002 (79,00); -0,0067 (2,76); -0,1199 (0,36) Beispiel 16, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 400,13 MHz 7.6114 (1.12); 7.6065 (1.15); 7.5972 (1.03); 7.5928 (1.27); 7.5109 (1.28); 7.5077 (0.93); 7.5056 (0.77); 7,4969 (1, 57); 7, 49626 (1, 65); 7.4246 (0.44); 7.4211 (0.64); 7,4098 (1,666); 7, 4063 (1, 56); 7.4015 (1.71); 7,3963 (2,80); 7.3916 (1.30); 7.3867 (1.39); 7.3825 (1.15); 7.3718 (0.46); 7.3676 (0.35); 7,3053 (5.33); 7,2893 (6,44); 7.2693 (8.00); 7.2594 (8.05); 7.2467 (2.94); 7,2313 (2,17); 7.1745 (1.71); 7.1694 (1.63); 7.1579 (1.74); 7.1528 (1.69); 7.1476 (1.45); 7.1355 (2.04); 7,1234 (16,00); 7,1211 (13:34); 7.1106 (5.41); 7.1083 (5.20); 7,0953 (2,87); 7.0923 (2.62); 7.0765 (0.36); 7.0450 (0.38); 7.0323 (3.06); 7.0300 (3.52); 7.0166 (1.16); 6.9553 (0.48); 6.9520 (0.48); 6.9254 (0.40); 6,9032 (3,28); 6,8985 (4,39); 6,8826 (7,46); 6,8703 (6.03); 6.8560 (3.08); 6.8169 (0.35); 6.8144 (0.32); 6, 5919 (3.14); 6.5767 (2.81); 4.8481 (3.01); 4.8180 (3.32); 4,5801 (6.05); 4.5391 (0.55); 4.5086 (0.54); 4.4224 (4.41); 4.2811 (3.50); 4.2510 (3.09); 3.9450 (0.54); 3.9151 (0.51); 2.9533 (1.14); 2.8821 (1.01); 1.6010 (7.32); 1.2559 (0.98); 0.1166 (0.35); 0.0698 (0.51); 0.0060 (4.77); -0,0002 (79.00); -0.0067 (2.76); -0.1199 (0.36) Example 16, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 400.13 MHz
7,3366 (0,37); 7,3097 (6,22); 7,2884 (8,29); 7,2768 (10,52); 7,2639 (26,22); 7,2440 (3,78); 7,2388 (3,90); 7,2236 (3,19); 7,2137 (0,72); 7,1775 (0,36); 7,1275 (16,00); 7,1243 (14,73); 7,1147 (6,42); 7,1113 (6,30); 7,0953 (3,52); 7,0915 (3,37); 7,0776 (0,45); 6,9044 (5,02); 6,8844 (9,36); 6,8772 (6,31); 6,8693 (5,86); 6,8562 (4,95); 6,5926 7.3366 (0.37); 7,3097 (6,22); 7,2884 (8,29); 7.2768 (10.52); 7,2639 (26,22); 7.2440 (3.78); 7.2388 (3.90); 7,2236 (3,19); 7.2137 (0.72); 7.1775 (0.36); 7, 1275 (16.00); 7,1243 (14,73); 7,1147 (6:42); 7,1113 (6,30); 7,0953 (3.52); 7.0915 (3.37); 7.076 (0.45); 6,9044 (5,02); 6,8844 (9,36); 6,8772 (6,31); 6,8693 (5.86); 6,8562 (4,95); 6.5926
(4.51) ; 6,5737 (4,03); 4,8555 (5,03); 4,8179 (5,73); 4,5828 (10,23); 4,2828 (6,03); 4,2452 (5,19); 4,1303 (0,55); 4,1124 (0,55); 2,0465 (2,42); 1,6984(1,66); 1,2774 (0,74); 1,2595(1,69); 1,2534(0,96); 1,2417(0,76); 0,0794(4.51); 6.5737 (4.03); 4,8555 (5,03); 4,8179 (5.73); 4.5828 (10.23); 4.2828 (6.03); 4,2452 (5:19); 4.1303 (0.55); 4.1124 (0.55); 2.0465 (2.42); 1.6984 (1.66); 1.2774 (0.74); 1.2595 (1.69); 1.2534 (0.96); 1.2417 (0.76); 0.0794
(0,46); 0,0704 (12,64); 0,0612 (0,56); 0,0079 (0,58); -0,0002 (16,22); -0,0084 (0,69) (0.46); 0.0704 (12.64); 0.0612 (0.56); 0.0079 (0.58); -0,0002 (16,22); -0.0084 (0.69)
Beispiel 17, Lösungsmittel: CDCI3, Spektrometer: 300,16 MHz Example 17, solvent: CDCl 3, spectrometer: 300.16 MHz
7,6662 (0,41); 7,6532 (3,62); 7,6420 (3,19); 7,6376 (2,36); 7,6336 (2,33); 7,6300 (2,73); 7,6278 (2,82); 7,6221 (4,95); 7,5835 (0,40); 7,5675 (0,51); 7,5564 (4,22); 7,5496 (2,69); 7,5428 (2,38); 7,5340 (3,90); 7,5256 (6,57); 7,5124 (1,28); 7,5034 (0,78); 7,4888 (0,42); 7,4834 (0,60); 7,4779 (0,92); 7,4704 (1,96); 7,4533 (6,80); 7,4471 (10,09); 7,4348 (12,02); 7,4231 (7,17); 7,4164 (4,33); 7,3995 (1,08); 7,3916 (0,64); 7,3381 (0,52); 7,3346 (0,55); 7,3295 (0,64); 7,3187 (0,86); 7,2983 (2,07); 7,2205 (5,39); 7,2121 (5,65); 7,1926 (6,02); 7,1872 (6,49); 7,1848 7.6666 (0.41); 7.6532 (3.62); 7.6420 (3.19); 7.6376 (2.36); 7.6336 (2.33); 7.6300 (2.73); 7,6278 (2,82); 7.6221 (4.95); 7.5835 (0.40); 7.5675 (0.51); 7.5564 (4.22); 7.5496 (2.69); 7.5428 (2.38); 7.5340 (3.90); 7.5256 (6.57); 7.5124 (1.28); 7.5034 (0.78); 7.4888 (0.42); 7.4834 (0.60); 7,4779 (0.92); 7.4704 (1.96); 7.4533 (6.80); 7.4471 (10.09); 7,4348 (12.02); 7,4231 (7,17); 7,4164 (4,33); 7.3995 (1.08); 7.3916 (0.64); 7.3381 (0.52); 7.3346 (0.55); 7.3295 (0.64); 7.3187 (0.86); 7.2983 (2.07); 7.2205 (5.39); 7.2121 (5.65); 7: 1926 (6:02); 7, 1872 (6:49); 7.1848
(6.92) ; 7,1677 (4,95); 7,1589 (6,34); 7,1390 (5,54); 7,0988 (0,55); 7,0903 (0,72); 7,0694 (15,45); 6,9979 (0,73); 6,9926 (0,68); 6,9536 (3,40); 6,9451 (3,23); 6,9267 (4,55); 6,9183 (4,32); 6,8984 (2,76); 6,8899 (2,55); 4,5836(6.92); 7,1677 (4,95); 7,1589 (6,34); 7.1390 (5.54); 7,0988 (0.55); 7,0903 (0.72); 7.0694 (15.45); 6.9979 (0.73); 6.9926 (0.68); 6.9536 (3.40); 6.9451 (3.23); 6,9267 (4.55); 6,9183 (4,32); 6,8984 (2,76); 6.8899 (2.55); 4.5836
(2.47) ; 4,5337 (2,92); 4,4616 (16,00); 3,9893 (3,06); 3,9394 (2,64); 2,0825 (0,78); 2,0456 (0,59); 1,6800 (4,07);(2.47); 4.5337 (2.92); 4,4616 (16,00); 3.9893 (3.06); 3.9394 (2.64); 2.0825 (0.78); 2.0456 (0.59); 1.6800 (4.07);
1,3192 (0,57); 1,2887 (2,34); 1,2717 (0,54); 0,9147 (0,34); 0,1175 (1,14); 0,1055 (30,77); 0,0933 (1,53) 1.3192 (0.57); 1.2887 (2.34); 1.2717 (0.54); 0.9147 (0.34); 0.1175 (1.14); 0,1055 (30,77); 0.0933 (1.53)
Beispiel 18, Lösungsmittel: DMSO, Spektrometer: 399,95 MHz Example 18, solvent: DMSO, spectrometer: 399.95 MHz
7,9020 (6,61); 7,8998 (6,90); 7,8824 (7,07); 7,8801 (7,00); 7,5163 (7,71); 7,5135 (7,99); 7,4963 (8,69); 7,4936 (8,31); 7,3867 (13,40); 7,3837 (13,57); 7,0283 (7,59); 7,0084 (13,90); 6,9886 (6,80); 6,9387 (16,00); 6,9355 (15,89); 4,7853 (6,55); 4,5763 (6,21); 4,5399 (7,19); 4,1270 (3,47); 4,0907 (3,02); 3,6333 (0,46); 3,5609 (2,99); 3,3223 (98,65); 2,6754 (0,66); 2,6709 (0,91); 2,6663 (0,65); 2,5412 (0,88); 2,5241 (3,34); 2,5108 (52,94); 2,5064 (104,59); 2,5018 (136,90); 2,4973 (98,76); 2,4928 (47,60); 2,3331 (0,68); 2,3285 (0,92); 2,3241 (0,67); 2,0743 (0,69); 1,1589 7.9020 (6.61); 7,8998 (6.90); 7, 4824 (7.07); 7,8801 (7.00); 7.5163 (7.71); 7.5135 (7.99); 7, 4963 (8.69); 7,4936 (8,31); 7,3867 (13,40); 7,3837 (13.57); 7.0283 (7.59); 7,0084 (13.90); 6.9886 (6.80); 6,9387 (16.00); 6,9355 (15,89); 4,7853 (6,55); 4,5763 (6,21); 4,5399 (7,19); 4,1270 (3,47); 4.0907 (3.02); 3.6333 (0.46); 3.5609 (2.99); 3,3223 (98,65); 2.6754 (0.66); 2.6709 (0.91); 2.6663 (0.65); 2.5412 (0.88); 2.5241 (3.34); 2,5108 (52.94); 2.5064 (104.59); 2.5018 (136.90); 2.4973 (98.76); 2,4928 (47,60); 2.3331 (0.68); 2.3285 (0.92); 2.3241 (0.67); 2.0743 (0.69); 1.1589
(1.48) ; 1,1402 (2,46); 0,9038 (1,36); 0,8954 (1,87); 0,8858 (3,67); 0,8758 (9,17); 0,8617 (10,44); 0,8509 (3,52); 0,8416 (1,74); 0,8328 (1,37); 0,7271 (1,24); 0,7163 (0,79); 0,7051 (3,30); 0,6965 (3,17); 0,6924 (3,87); 0,6865 (3,08); 0,6736 (2,45); 0,6635 (1,36); 0,0079 (2,67); -0,0002 (69,17); -0,0085 (2,37) (1.48); 1.1402 (2.46); 0.9038 (1.36); 0.8954 (1.87); 0.8858 (3.67); 0.8758 (9.17); 0.8617 (10.44); 0.8509 (3.52); 0.8416 (1.74); 0.8328 (1.37); 0.7271 (1.24); 0.7163 (0.79); 0.7051 (3.30); 0.6965 (3.17); 0.6924 (3.87); 0.6865 (3.08); 0.6736 (2.45); 0.6635 (1.36); 0.0079 (2.67); -0.0002 (69.17); -0.0085 (2.37)
Die Intensität scharfer Signale korreliert mit der Höhe der Signale in einem gedruckten Beispiel eines NMR- Spektrums in cm und zeigt die wirklichen Verhältnisse der Signalintensitäten. Bei breiten Signalen können
^ mehrere Peaks oder die Mitte des Signals und ihre relative Intensität im Vergleich zum intensivsten Signal im Spektrum gezeigt werden. The intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed example of an NMR spectrum in cm and shows the true ratios of the signal intensities. For wide signals can ^ several peaks or the center of the signal and their relative intensity compared to the most intense signal in the spectrum are shown.
Zur Kalibrierung der chemischen Verschiebung von 1H-NMR-Spektren benutzen wir Tetramethylsilan und/oder die chemische Verschiebung des Lösungsmittels, besondern im Falle von Spektren, die in DMSO ge- messen werden. Daher kann in NMR-Peaklisten der Tetramethylsilan-Peak vorkommen, muss es aber nicht. To calibrate the chemical shift of 1H NMR spectra we use tetramethylsilane and / or the chemical shift of the solvent, especially in the case of spectra measured in DMSO. Therefore, the tetramethylsilane peak can occur in NMR peaks, but it does not have to.
Die Listen der 1H-NMR-Peaks sind ähnlich den klassischen 1H-NMR- Ausdrucken und enthalten somit gewöhnlich alle Peaks, die bei einer klassischen NMR- Interpretation aufgeführt werden. The lists of 1H NMR peaks are similar to the classical 1H NMR prints and thus usually contain all the peaks listed in a classical NMR interpretation.
Darüber hinaus können sie wie klassische 1H-NMR- Ausdrucke Lösungsmittelsignale, Signale von Stereoisomeren der Zielverbindungen, die ebenfalls Gegenstand der Erfindung sind, und/oder Peaks von Verunreinigun- gen zeigen. In addition, like classical 1H-NMR prints, they can display solvent signals, signals from stereoisomers of the target compounds, which are also the subject of the invention, and / or peaks of impurities.
Bei der Angabe von Verbindungssignalen im Delta-Bereich von Lösungsmitteln und/oder Wasser sind in unseren Listen von 1H-NMR-Peaks die gewöhnlichen Lösungsmittelpeaks, zum Beispiel Peaks von DMSO in DMSO-D6 und der Peak von Wasser, gezeigt, die gewöhnlich im Durchschnitt eine hohe Intensität aufweisen. When indicating compound signals in the delta range of solvents and / or water, our lists of 1H NMR peaks show the usual solvent peaks, for example, peaks of DMSO in DMSO-D6 and the peak of water, which are usually average have a high intensity.
Die Peaks von Stereoisomeren der Targetverbindungen und/oder Peaks von Verunreinigungen haben gewöhn- lieh im Durchschnitt eine geringere Intensität als die Peaks der Zielverbindungen (zum Beispiel mit einer Reinheit von >90%). The peaks of stereoisomers of the target compounds and / or peaks of impurities usually have on average a lower intensity than the peaks of the target compounds (for example with a purity of> 90%).
Solche Stereoisomere und/oder Verunreinigungen können typisch für das jeweilige Herstellungsverfahren sein. Ihre Peaks können somit dabei helfen, die Reproduktion unseres Herstellungsverfahrens anhand von "Neben- produkt-Fingerabdrücken" zu erkennen. Einem Experten, der die Peaks der Zielverbindungen mit bekannten Verfahren (MestreC, ACD-Simulation, aber auch mit empirisch ausgewerteten Erwartungswerten) berechnet, kann je nach Bedarf die Peaks der Zielverbindungen isolieren, wobei gegebenenfalls zusätzliche Intensitätsfilter eingesetzt werden. Diese Isolierung wäre ähnlich dem betreffenden Peak-Picking bei der klassischen 1H-NMR- Interpretation. Such stereoisomers and / or impurities may be typical of the particular preparation process. Their peaks can thus help to identify the reproduction of our manufacturing process through "by-product fingerprints." An expert calculating the peaks of the target compounds by known methods (MestreC, ACD simulation, but also with empirically evaluated expected values) can isolate the peaks of the target compounds as needed, using additional intensity filters if necessary. This isolation would be similar to peak picking in classical 1H NMR interpretation.
Weitere Details zu IH-NMR-Peaklisten können der Research Disclosure Database Number 564025 entnommen werden.
^ Further details on IH NMR peaks can be found in Research Disclosure Database Number 564025. ^
Verwendungsbeispiele use Examples
Beispiel A: Alternaria-Test (Tomate) / protektiv Example A: Alternaria test (tomato) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylformamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit bespritzt man junge Tomatenpflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. 1 Tag nach der Behandlung werden die Pflanzen mit einer Sporensuspension von Alternaria solani inokuliert und stehen dann 24 h bei 100% relativer Feuchte und 22°C. Anschließend stehen die Pflanzen bei 96% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit und einer Temperatur von 20°C. 7 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young tomato plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. One day after the treatment, the plants are inoculated with a spore suspension of Alternaria solani and then stand for 24 h at 100% relative humidity and 22 ° C. Subsequently, the plants are at 96% relative humidity and a temperature of 20 ° C. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel B: Sphaerotheca-Test (Gurke) / protektiv Example B: Sphaerotheca test (cucumber) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylformamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit bespritzt man junge Gurkenpflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. 1 Tag nach der Behandlung werden die Pflanzen mit einer Sporensuspension von Sphaerotheca fuliginea inokuliert. Anschließend werden die Pflanzen in einem Gewächshaus bei 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit und einer Temperatur von 23 °C aufgestellt. 7 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 %> ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 %> bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young cucumber plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. One day after the treatment, the plants are inoculated with a spore suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Subsequently, the plants are placed in a greenhouse at 70% relative humidity and a temperature of 23 ° C. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 %> oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds of the invention show an efficacy of 70%> or more at a concentration of active ingredient of 500 ppm:
Beispiel C: Pyricularia-Test (Reis) / protektiv Example C: Pyricularia test (rice) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylformamid
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit bespritzt man junge Reispflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. 1 Tag nach der Behandlung werden die Pflanzen mit einer wässrigen Sporensuspension von Pyricularia oryzae inokuliert und verbleiben dann 48 h bei 100 % relativer Luftfeuchte und 24°C. Anschließend werden die Pflanzen in einem Gewächshaus bei 80 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit und einer Temperatur von 24°C aufgestellt. 7 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young rice plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. One day after the treatment, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae and then left for 48 h at 100% relative humidity and 24 ° C. Subsequently, the plants are placed in a greenhouse at 80% relative humidity and a temperature of 24 ° C. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel D: Venturia - Test (Apfel) / protektiv Example D: Venturia test (apple) / protective
Lösungsmittel : 24,5 Gewichtsteile Aceton Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
24,5 Gewichtsteile Dimethylacetamid 24.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide
Emulgator : 1 Gewichtsteil Alkyl-Aryl-Polyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer wässrigen Konidiensuspension des Apfelschorferregers Venturia inaequalis inokuliert und verbleiben dann 1 Tag bei ca. 20°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in einer Inkubationskabine. Die Pflanzen werden dann im Gewächshaus bei ca. 21°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 90 % aufgestellt. 10 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous conidia suspension of the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis and then remain in an incubation cabin for 1 day at about 20 ° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity. The plants are then placed in the greenhouse at about 21 ° C and a relative humidity of about 90%. 10 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 100 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at a concentration of active ingredient of 100 ppm:
Beispiel E: Uromyces - Test (Bohne) / protektiv
Lösungsmittel : 24,5 Gewichtsteile Aceton Example E: Uromyces test (bean) / protective Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
24,5 Gewichtsteile Dimethylacetamid 24.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide
Emulgator : 1 Gewichtsteil Alkyl-Aryl-Polyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer wäßrigen Sporensuspension des Bohnenrosterregers Uromyces appendiculatus inokuliert und verbleiben dann 1 Tag bei ca. 20°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in einer Inkubationskabine. Die Pflanzen werden dann im Gewächshaus bei ca. 21°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 90 % aufgestellt. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of the bean rust pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus and then remain for 1 day at about 20 ° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity in an incubation booth. The plants are then placed in the greenhouse at about 21 ° C and a relative humidity of about 90%.
10 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. 10 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 10 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 10 ppm:
Beispiel F: Phakopsora - Test (Sojabohne) / protektiv Example F: Phakopsora test (soybean) / protective
Lösungsmittel : 24,5 Gewichtsteile Aceton Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
24,5 Gewichtsteile Dimethylacetamid 24.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide
Emulgator : 1 Gewichtsteil Alkyl-Aryl-Polyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer wässrigen Sporensuspension des Sojabohnenrosterregers Phakopsora pachyrhizi inokuliert und verbleiben dann 24h in Dunkelheit in einer Inkubationskabine bei ca. 24°C und ca. 95 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit. Die weitere Inkubation erfolgt bei ca. 24°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 80 % in einem Tag / Nacht Rhythmus von 12 h Licht / 12 h Dunkelheit. 7 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of the soybean seed pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi and then remain in the dark for 24 h in an incubation cabin at about 24 ° C. and about 95% relative humidity. The further incubation is carried out at about 24 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80% in a day / night rhythm of 12 h light / 12 h darkness. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 100 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at a concentration of active ingredient of 100 ppm:
Beispiel G: Blumeria graminis -Test (Gerste) / protektiv Example G: Blumeria graminis test (barley) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit besprüht man junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit Sporen von Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei bestäubt. Die Pflanzen werden in einem Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ca. 18°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 80 % aufgestellt, um die Entwicklung von Mehltaupusteln zu begünstigen. 7 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried, the plants are planted with spores of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei pollinated. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 18 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules. 7 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70% oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel H: Leptosphaeria nodorum -Test (Weizen) / protektiv Example H: Leptosphaeria nodorum test (wheat) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit besprüht man junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit Sporen mit einer Sporensuspension von Leptosphaeria nodorum besprüht. Die Pflanzen verbleiben 48 Stunden bei 20°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in einer Inkubationskabine. Die Pflanzen werden in einem Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ca. 22°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 80 % aufgestellt. 8 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Leptosphaeria nodorum. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 22 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%. 8 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed. In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Ex no. Eff.%
Ex no. Eff.%
Beispiel I: Septoria tritici-Test (Weizen) / protektiv Example I: Septoria tritici test (wheat) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer Sporensuspension von Septoria tritici besprüht. Die Pflanzen verbleiben 48 Stunden bei 20°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in einer Inkubationskabine. Danach werden die Pflanzen für weitere 60 Stunden unter eine Klarsichthaube bei 15°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchte gestellt. Die Pflanzen werden in einem Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ca. 15°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80 % aufgestellt. 21 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Septoria tritici. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. Thereafter, the plants are placed under a transparent hood at 15 ° C and 100% relative humidity for another 60 hours. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 15 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. 21 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel K: Pyrenophora teres -Test (Gerste) / protektiv Example K: Pyrenophora teres test (barley) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit besprüht man junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer Sporensuspension von Pyrenophora teres besprüht. Die Pflanzen verbleiben 48 Stunden bei 20°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in einer Inkubationskabine. Die Pflanzen werden in einem Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ca. 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 80 % aufgestellt. 8 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%. 8 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel L: Puccinia triticina -Test (Weizen) / protektiv Example L: Puccinia triticina test (wheat) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit besprüht man junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit Sporen mit einer Sporensuspension von Puccinia triticina besprüht. Die Pflanzen verbleiben 48 Stunden bei 20°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in einer Inkubationskabine. Die Pflanzen werden in einem Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ca. 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ca. 80 % aufgestellt. 8 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Puccinia triticina. The plants remain for 48 hours at 20 ° C and 100% relative humidity in an incubation cabin. The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%. 8 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel M: Fusarium nivale (var.majus) -Test (Weizen) / protektiv Example M: Fusarium nivale (var.majus) test (wheat) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit besprüht man junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit Sporen mit einer Sporensuspension von Fusarium nivale (var.majus) besprüht. Die Pflanzen werden in einer Gewächshauskammer unter eine lichtdurchlässige Inkubationshaube bei 10°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit gestellt. 5 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Fusarium nivale (var.majus). The plants are placed in a greenhouse chamber under a translucent incubation hood at 10 ° C and 100% relative humidity. 5 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Ex_no. Eff.% Ex_no. % Eff.
1 100
100 1 100 100
Beispiel N: Fusarium graminearurn -Test (Gerste) / protektiv Example N: Fusarium graminearurn test (barley) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit besprüht man junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge. Nach Antrocknen des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit Sporen mit einer Sporensuspension von Fusarium graminearum besprüht. Die Pflanzen werden in einer Gewächshauskammer unter eine lichtdurchlässige Inkubationshaube bei 22°C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit gestellt. 5 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with spores with a spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum. The plants are placed in a greenhouse chamber under a translucent incubation hood at 22 ° C and 100% relative humidity. 5 days after the inoculation the evaluation takes place. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel O: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Alternaria brassicae (Blattfleck an Radieschen) Example O: Preventive in vivo test with Alternaria brassicae (leaf spot on radishes)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoffkonzentration verdünnt. The tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
Radieschenpflanzen (Sorte "Pernod Clair"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolaner de- Substrat und bei 17°C kultiviert, werden im 2-Blatt-Stadium durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Ace- ton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Radish plants (variety "Pernod Clair") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolanic substrate and cultured at 17 ° C are treated at the 2-leaf stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Alternaria-brassicae-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Radieschenpflanzen werden bei 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100% inkubiert. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Alternaria brassicae spores. The inoculated radish plants are incubated at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 5 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflan- zen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 5 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel P: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Botrytis cinerea (Grauschimmel) Example P: Preventive in vivo test with Botrytis cinerea (gray mold)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoff konzentration verdünnt. The tested active ingredients are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired active ingredient concentration.
Gurkenpflanzen (Sorte "Vert petit de Paris"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde- Substrat und bei 24°C kultiviert, werden im ZI 1-Kotyledon- Stadium durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Ace- ton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Cucumber plants (variety "Vert petit de Paris") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 24 ° C are treated in the ZI 1-cotyledon stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Keimblätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von cryokonservierten Botrytis-cinerea-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Gurkenpflanzen werden bei 17°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80% inkubiert. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the cotyledons with an aqueous suspension of cryopreserved Botrytis cinerea spores. The inoculated cucumber plants are incubated at 17 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 4-5 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontroll- pflanzen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 4-5 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel Q: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Phytophthora infestans (Kraut- und Braunfäule der Tomaten) Example Q: Preventive in vivo test with Phytophthora infestans (cabbage and brown rot of tomatoes)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoffkonzentration verdünnt. Tomatenpflanzen (Sorte "Rentita"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde- Substrat und bei 20- 25°C kultiviert, werden im Z12-Blatt-Stadium durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Ace- ton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. The tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration. Tomato plants ("Rentita" variety) seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 20-25 ° C are treated by spraying with the drug prepared as described above at the Z12 leaf stage. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Phytophthora-infestans-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Tomatenpflanzen werden bei 16-18°C unter einer feuchten Atmosphäre inkubiert.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 5 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflan- zen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Phytophthora infestans spores. The inoculated tomato plants are incubated at 16-18 ° C under a humid atmosphere. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 5 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel R: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Pyrenophora teres (Netzfleckenkrankheit an Gerste) Example R: Preventive in vivo test with Pyrenophora teres (net blotch on barley)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zube- reitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoffkonzentration verdünnt. The tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
Gerstenpflanzen (Sorte "Plaisant"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde- Substrat und bei 22°C (12 h) / 20°C (12 h) kultiviert, werden im 1 -Blatt- Stadium (Höhe 10 cm) durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Pyrenophora-teres-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Gerstenpflanzen werden 48 Stunden lang bei 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100% und dann 12 Tage lang bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80% inkubiert. Barley plants (variety "Plaisant"), seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultivated at 22 ° C (12 h) / 20 ° C (12 h), are grown in the 1-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Pyrenophora teres spores. The inoculated barley plants are incubated for 48 hours at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 12 days at a relative humidity of 80%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 12 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflan- zen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 12 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
Beispiel S: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Pyricularia oryzae (rice blast) In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm: Example S: Preventive in vivo test with Pyricularia oryzae (rice blast)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoffkonzentration verdünnt.
^ The tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration. ^
Reispflanzen (Sorte "Koshihikari"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde- Substrat und bei 25°C kultiviert, werden im 2-Blatt-Stadium (Höhe 10 cm) durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Ace- ton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Rice plants (variety "Koshihikari") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 25 ° C are treated in the 2-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Pyricularia-oryzae-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Reispflanzen werden bei 25°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80% inkubiert. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Pyricularia oryzae spores. The inoculated rice plants are incubated at 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 6 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflan- zen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 6 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr:
In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel T: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Puccinia recondita (Braunrost auf Weizen) Example T: Preventive in vivo test with Puccinia recondita (brown rust on wheat)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoffkonzentration verdünnt. The tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration.
Weizenpflanzen (Sorte "Scipion"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde-Substrat und bei 22°C (12 h) / 20°C (12 h) kultiviert, werden im 1 -Blatt- Stadium (Höhe 10 cm) durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Wheat plants ("Scipion" variety), seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 22 ° C (12 h) / 20 ° C (12 h), are grown in the 1-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Puccinia-recondita-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Weizenpflanzen werden 24 Stunden lang bei 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100% und dann 10 Tage lang bei 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 70% inkubiert. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Puccinia recondita spores. The inoculated wheat plants are incubated for 24 hours at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 10 days at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 70%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 10 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflan- zen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 10 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Bsp. -Nr. Wirksamkeit %
1 100 Example no. Effectiveness % 1 100
8 97 8 97
9 86 9 86
11 93 11 93
12 93 12 93
14 93 14 93
15 100 15 100
17 100 17 100
Beispiel U: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Septoria tritici (Blattfleckenkrankheit auf Weizen) Example U: Preventive in vivo test with Septoria tritici (leaf spot disease on wheat)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zube- reitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoff konzentration verdünnt. The tested active ingredients are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired active ingredient concentration.
Weizenpflanzen (Sorte "Scipion"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde-Substrat und bei 22°C (12 h) / 20°C (12 h) kultiviert, werden im 1 -Blatt- Stadium (Höhe 10 cm) durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von cryokonservierten Septoria-tritici-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Weizenpflanzen werden 72 Stunden lang bei 18°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100% und dann 21 bis 28 Tage lang bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 90% inkubiert. Wheat plants ("Scipion" variety), seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 22 ° C (12 h) / 20 ° C (12 h), are grown in the 1-leaf stage (height 10 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of cryopreserved Septoria tritici spores. The inoculated wheat plants are incubated for 72 hours at 18 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 21 to 28 days at a relative humidity of 90%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 21 bis 28 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kon- trollpflanzen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 21 to 28 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel V: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Echter Mehltau an Gurke) Example V: Preventive in vivo test with Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew on cucumber)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoffkonzentration verdünnt.
Gurkenpflanzen (Sorte "Vert petit de Paris"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde- Substrat und bei 24°C kultiviert, werden im ZI 1-Kotyledon- Stadium durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Ace- ton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. The tested drugs are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired drug concentration. Cucumber plants (variety "Vert petit de Paris") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 24 ° C are treated in the ZI 1-cotyledon stage by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Keimblätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Sphaerotheca-fuliginea-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Gurkenpflanzen werden bei etwa 20°C/25°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 60/70% inkubiert. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the cotyledons with an aqueous suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea spores. The inoculated cucumber plants are incubated at about 20 ° C / 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60/70%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 12 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflan- zen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 12 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel W: Präventiver in-vivo-Test mit Uromyces appendiculatus (Bohnenrost) Example W: Preventive in vivo test with Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust)
Die getesteten Wirkstoffe werden durch Homogenisieren in einer Mischung aus Aceton/Tween/DMSO zubereitet und dann mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Wirkstoff konzentration verdünnt. The tested active ingredients are prepared by homogenization in a mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO and then diluted with water to the desired active ingredient concentration.
Bohnenpflanzen (Sorte "Saxa"), ausgesät in einem 50/50 Torfboden/Puzzolanerde-Substrat und bei 24°C kultiviert, werden im 2-Blatt-Stadium (Höhe 9 cm) durch Besprühen mit dem wie oben beschrieben herge- stellten Wirkstoff behandelt. Als Kontrolle verwendete Pflanzen werden mit der Mischung aus Ace- ton/Tween/DMSO/Wasser ohne den Wirkstoff behandelt. Bean plants (variety "Saxa") seeded in a 50/50 peat soil / pozzolan soil substrate and cultured at 24 ° C are treated in the 2-leaf stage (height 9 cm) by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above , Plants used as control are treated with the mixture of acetone / Tween / DMSO / water without the active ingredient.
Nach 24 Stunden werden die Pflanzen inokuliert, indem man die Blätter mit einer wässrigen Suspension von Uromyces-appendiculatus-Sporen besprüht. Die inokulierten Bohnenpflanzen werden 24 Stunden lang bei 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100% und dann 10 Tage lang bei 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 70% inkubiert. After 24 hours, the plants are inoculated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Uromyces appendiculatus spores. The inoculated bean plants are incubated for 24 hours at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% and then for 10 days at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 70%.
Die Auswertung (% Wirksamkeit) erfolgt 10 Tage nach der Inokulation im Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflanzen. Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrollpflanzen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird.
^ The evaluation (% efficacy) takes place 10 days after the inoculation in comparison with the control plants. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control plants, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed. ^
In diesem Test zeigen die erfindungsgemäßen nachfolgenden Verbindungen bei einer Konzentration an Wirkstoff von 500 ppm einen Wirkungsgrad von 70 % oder mehr: In this test, the following compounds according to the invention show an efficacy of 70% or more at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm:
Beispiel X: Puccinia-Test (Weizen) / protektiv Example X: Puccinia test (wheat) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylformamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die ge- wünschte Konzentration. To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht. Einen Tag nach dieser Behandlung werden die Pflanzen mit einer wässrigen Sporensuspension von Puccinia recondita inokuliert. Die Pflanzen verbleiben 48 Stunden lang in einer Inkubationskabine bei 22°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100%. Anschließend werden die Pflanzen im Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ungefähr 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ungefähr 80% aufgestellt. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. One day after this treatment, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Puccinia recondita. The plants remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabin at 22 ° C and a relative humidity of 100%. Subsequently, the plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%.
7-9 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung des Tests. Dabei bedeutet 0%> einen Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der unbehandelten Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100%o bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird.
The evaluation of the test takes place 7-9 days after the inoculation. In this case, 0%> means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficiency of 100% o means that no infestation is observed.
Tabelle table
Puccinia-Test (Weizen) / protektiv Puccinia test (wheat) / protective
Beispiel Y: Uromyces-Test (Bohnen) / protektiv Example Y: Uromyces test (beans) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 24,5 Gewichtsteile Aceton Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
24,5 Gewichtsteile Dimethylacetamid 24.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht. Nach Antrocknung des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer wässri- gen Sporensuspension des Bohnenrost-Verursachers (Uromyces appendiculatus) inokuliert und verbleiben dann 1 Tag in einer Inkubationskabine bei ungefähr 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100%. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of the bean rust causative agent (Uromyces appendiculatus) and then left for 1 day in an incubation booth at approximately 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100%.
Anschließend werden die Pflanzen im Gewächshaus bei ungefähr 21°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ungefähr 90% aufgestellt.
10 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung des Tests. Dabei bedeutet 0% einen Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der unbehandelten Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100% bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. Subsequently, the plants are placed in the greenhouse at about 21 ° C and a relative humidity of about 90%. 10 days after inoculation, the test is evaluated. In this case, 0% means an efficiency that corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
Tabelle table
Uromyces-Test (Bohnen) / protektiv Uromyces test (beans) / protective
Beispiel Z Septoria tritici-Test (Weizen) / protektiv Example Z Septoria tritici test (wheat) / protective
Lösungsmittel: 49 Gewichtsteile N,N-Dimethylacetamid Solvent: 49 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylacetamide
Emulgator: 1 Gewichtsteil Alkylarylpolyglykolether Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff oder Wirkstoffkombination mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration. To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or combination of active ingredients with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Zur Prüfung auf protektive Wirksamkeit werden junge Pflanzen mit der Wirkstoffzubereitung oder Wirk- stoffkombination in der angegebenen Aufwandmenge besprüht.
Nach Antrocknung des Spritzbelages werden die Pflanzen mit einer Sporensuspension von Septoria tritici besprüht. Die Pflanzen verbleiben 48 Stunden lang in einer Inkubationskabine bei ungefähr 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ungefähr 100% und anschließend 60 Stunden lang bei ungefähr 15°C in einer lichtdurchlässigen Inkubationskabine bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ungefähr 100%. Anschließend werden die Pflanzen im Gewächshaus bei einer Temperatur von ungefähr 15°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von ungefähr 80% aufgestellt. To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound or combination of active ingredients in the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Septoria tritici. The plants remain in an incubation cabin at about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 100% for 48 hours and then at about 15 ° C for 60 hours in a translucent incubation booth at a relative humidity of about 100%. Subsequently, the plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of about 15 ° C and a relative humidity of about 80%.
21 Tage nach der Inokulation erfolgt die Auswertung des Tests. Dabei bedeutet 0%> einen Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der unbehandelten Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100%o bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird. Tabelle 21 days after inoculation, the test is evaluated. In this case, 0%> means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficiency of 100% o means that no infestation is observed. table
Septoria tritici-Test (Weizen) / protektiv Septoria tritici test (wheat) / protective
Claims
1. 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel I) 1. 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula I)
in welcher in which
X für OR1, CN oder Wasserstoff steht, X is OR 1 , CN or hydrogen,
Y für O, S, SO, S02, -CH2- oder eine direkte Bindung steht, Y is O, S, SO, S0 2 , -CH 2 - or a direct bond,
m für 0 oder 1 steht, m is 0 or 1,
n für 0 oder 1 steht, n is 0 or 1,
R für jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl, Alkenyl, Alkinly, Cycloalkyl oder Aryl steht, R1 für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkylcarbonyl oder Trialkylsilyl steht, R is in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl or trialkylsilyl,
R2 für Wasserstoff, Halogen oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl steht, R 2 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl,
R3 für Wasserstoff, Halogen oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl steht, R 3 is hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl,
R2 und R3 außerdem gemeinsam für gegebenenfalls substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen stehen können, R und R2 außerdem gemeinsam für gegebenenfalls substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen stehen können, R 2 and R 3 together may also be unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 8 -alkylene, R and R 2 may also together represent optionally substituted C 2 -C -alkylene,
R und R1 außerdem gemeinsam für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Alkyl oder Halogenalkyl substituiertes Ci-C i-Alkylen oder G-C i-Alkylenoxy stehen können, wobei der Sauerstoff dieser Gruppe mit R verbunden ist, sodass ein gegebenenfalls substituierter Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-, l,3-Dioxetan-2- yl-, l,3-Dioxolan-2-yl, l,3-Dioxan-2-yl oder l,3-Dioxepan-2-yl-Ring entsteht, R and R 1 may also together be in each case optionally substituted by halogen, alkyl or halogenoalkyl-substituted Ci-C i-alkylene or GC i-alkylenoxy, wherein the oxygen of this group is connected to R, so that an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran-2-yl , l, 3-dioxetan-2-yl, l, 3-dioxolan-2-yl, l, 3-dioxan-2-yl or l, 3-dioxepan-2-yl ring is formed,
R1 und R2 außerdem für eine direkte Bindung stehen können, wenn n für 1 steht, R 1 and R 2 may also be a direct bond when n is 1,
Y und R3 außerdem gemeinsam eine Doppelbindung bilden können, wenn m und n gleichzeitig für 1 stehen, Y and R 3 may also together form a double bond when m and n are simultaneously 1,
A für gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl sowie gegebenenfalls substituiertes Heteroaryl steht, sowie deren agrochemisch wirksamen Salze. A represents optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, and their agrochemically active salts.
2. 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1, in welcher 2. 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1, in which
X für OR1 steht, X stands for OR 1 ,
Y für O, S, SO2, -CH2- oder eine direkte Bindung steht, Y is O, S, SO 2, -CH 2 - or a direct bond,
m für 0 oder 1 steht, m is 0 or 1,
n für 0 oder 1 steht, n is 0 or 1,
R für jeweils gegebenenfalls verzweigtes C3-C7-Alkyl, Ci-Cs-Halogenalkyl, C2-C7-Alkenyl, C2-C7- Halogenalkenyl, C2-C7-Alkinyl, C2-C7-Halogenalkinyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, C1-C4- Halogenalkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, Tri(Ci-C3-alkyl)silyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, für jeweils im Cycloalkylteil gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, G-C4-Halogenalkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenalkylthio, Ci-C4-Alkylthio oder Phenoxy (welches wiederum durch Halogen oder Ci- C4- Alkyl substituiert sein kann) substituiertes C3-C7-Cycloalkyl oder C3-C7-Cycloalkyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, sowie für gegebenenfalls einfach bis dreifach durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl steht, R1 für Wasserstoff, (Ci-C3-Alkyl)carbonyl, (Ci-C3-Halogenalkyl)carbonyl oder Tri(Ci-C3-alkyl)- silyl steht, R represents optionally branched each C3-C7-alkyl, Ci-Cs-haloalkyl, C2-C7-alkenyl, C2-C7 haloalkenyl, C2-C7 alkynyl, C2-C7 haloalkynyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci C3-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxy-Ci-C3-alkyl, tri (Ci-C3-alkyl) silyl-Ci-C3-alkyl, in each case in the cycloalkyl moiety optionally by halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4 Haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, G-C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkylthio, C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio or phenoxy (which in turn may be substituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, and also phenyl which is optionally monosubstituted to trisubstituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, R 1 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) carbonyl, (C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl) carbonyl or tri (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) silyl,
R2 für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Ci-C i-Alkyl oder Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl steht, R 2 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, Ci-C i-alkyl or Ci-C4-haloalkyl,
R3 für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Iod, Ci-C/i-Alkyl oder Ci-C i-Halogenalkyl steht, R 3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, Ci-C / i-alkyl or Ci-C i-haloalkyl,
R2 und R3 außerdem gemeinsam für geradkettiges oder verzweigtes und gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, insbesondere Fluor, Chlor oder Brom, substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen stehen, R 2 and R 3 furthermore together represent straight-chain or branched C 2 -alkylene which is optionally substituted by halogen, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine,
R und R2 außerdem gemeinsam für geradkettiges oder verzweigtes und gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder Ci-C/i-Alkyl, insbesondere Fluor, Chlor, Brom oder Methyl, substituiertes C2-CsAlkylen stehen, R and R 2 furthermore together represent straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene which is optionally substituted by halogen or C 1 -C -alkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methyl,
R und R1 außerdem gemeinsam für gegebenenfalls durch Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Ci-C/i-Alkyl oder C1-C4- Halogenalkyl substituiertes -(CH2)3-, -CH2O-, -(CT^O-, -(CH2)30-, wobei der Sauerstoff dieser Gruppe jeweils mit R verbunden ist, sodass ein gegebenenfalls substituierter Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-, l,3-Dioxetan-2-yl-, l,3-Dioxolan-2-yl- oder l,R and R 1 together also represent optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, Ci-C / i-alkyl or C1-C4-haloalkyl - (CH 2) 3-, -CH 2 O-, - (CT ^ O-, - (CH 2 ) 30-, wherein the oxygen of this group is in each case connected to R, so that an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, l, 3-dioxetan-2-yl, l, 3-dioxolan-2-yl or l,
3-Dioxan-2-yl-Ring entsteht, 3-dioxan-2-yl ring is formed,
R1 und R2 außerdem für eine direkte Bindung stehen können, wenn n für 1 steht, R 1 and R 2 may also be a direct bond when n is 1,
Y und R3 außerdem gemeinsam eine Doppelbindung bilden können, wenn m und n gleichzeitig für 1 stehen, Y and R 3 may also together form a double bond when m and n are simultaneously 1,
A für unsubstituiertes oder einfach bis dreifach durch Z1 substituiertes Phenyl steht, wobei A represents phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted to trisubstituted by Z 1 , where
Z1 für Halogen, Cyano, Nitro, OH, SH, C(Alkyl)(=NOAlkyl), C3-C7-Cycloalkyl, C3-C6-Cycloalkyl-Ci- C2-alkyl, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenalkoxy, Ci-C -Alkylthio, Ci-C4-Halogenalkylthio, C2-C4-Alkenyl, C2-C4-Halogenalkenyl, C2-C4-Alkinyl, C2-C4-Halogenalki- nyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkylsul- fonyl, Ci-C4-Alkylsulfonyloxy, Formyl, C2-Cs-Alkylcarbonyl, C2-C5-Halogenalkylcarbonyl, C2-C5- Alkoxycarbonyl, C2-C5-Halogenalkoxycarbonyl, C3-C6-Alkenyloxy, C3-C6-Alkinyloxy, C2-C5-AI- kylcarbonyloxy, C2-C5-Halogenalkylcarbonyloxy, Trialkylsilyl, oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Alkoxy oder C2-C4-Alkylcarbonyl mono- substituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht, Z 1 is halogen, cyano, nitro, OH, SH, C (alkyl) (= NOalkyl), C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 - alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C alkylthio, Ci-C4-haloalkylthio, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 haloalkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C2-C4 -Halogenalki- nyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C 4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C 4 -Halogenalkylsul- fonyl, Ci-C 4 Alkylsulfonyloxy, formyl, C 2 -C 5 -alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 5 -haloalkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 5 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 5 -haloalkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 6 -alkenyloxy, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyloxy, C 2 -C 5 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 2 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyloxy C5-haloalkylcarbonyloxy, trialkylsilyl, or is in each case optionally substituted by halogen, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 -haloalkyl, Ci-C 4 -alkoxy or C 2 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl mono- substituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio .
oder or
A für jeweils gegebenenfalls einfach oder mehrfach durch Z2 substituiertes fünf- oder sechsgliedri- ges Heteroaryl ausgewählt aus Furyl, Thienyl, Pyrrolyl, Pyrazolyl, Imidazolyl, Oxazolyl, Thia- zolyl, Isoxazolyl, Isothiazolyl, Triazolyl, Tetrazolyl, Oxadiazolyl, Thiadiazolyl, Pyridinyl, Pyrida- zinyl, Pyrimidinyl, Pyrazinyl und Triazinyl steht, wobei A represents in each case optionally mono- or polysubstituted Z 2- substituted five- or six-membered heteroaryl selected from furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, Pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl, wherein
Z2 für Halogen, Ci-C4-Alkyl, Ci-C4-Alkylthio, Ci-C4-Alkoxy, Ci-C4-Halogenalkyl, Ci-C4-Halogen- thioalkyl, Ci-C4-Halogenalkoxy, C3-C7-Cycloalkyl, für jeweils gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl, Phenoxy oder Phenylthio steht, Z 2 represents halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C 4 alkylthio, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-halo-thioalkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C3 C 7 -cycloalkyl, in each case optionally substituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl-substituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio,
sowie deren agrochemisch wirksamen Salze. and their agrochemically active salts.
Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von pflanzenpathogenen Schadpilzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man 2- Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, auf die pflanzenpathogenen Schadpilze und/oder deren Lebensraum ausbringt. A method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi, characterized in that 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 or 2, on the phytopathogenic harmful fungi and / or their habitat brings.
4. Mittel zur Bekämpfung von pflanzenpathogenen Schadpilzen, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an mindestens einem von 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivaten der Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, neben Streckmitteln und/oder oberflächenaktiven Stoffen. 4. A composition for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi, characterized by a content of at least one of 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 or 2, in addition to extenders and / or surface-active substances.
5. Verwendung von 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivaten der Formel (I), gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2 zur Bekämpfung von pflanzenpathogenen Schadpilzen. 5. Use of 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 or 2 for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi.
6. Verwendung von 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivaten der Formel (I), gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2 als Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren. 6. Use of 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 or 2 as plant growth regulators.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mitteln zur Bekämpfung von pflanzenpathogenen Schadpilzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2 mit Streckmitteln und/oder oberflächenaktiven Stoffen vermischt. 7. A process for the preparation of agents for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi, which comprises mixing 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 or 2 with extenders and / or surface-active substances.
8. Verwendung von 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Behandlung von trans- genen Pflanzen. 8. Use of 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 for the treatment of transgenic plants.
9. Verwendung von 2-Iod-Imidazol-Derivate der Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Behandlung von Saatgut sowie von Saatgut transgener Pflanzen. 9. Use of 2-iodo-imidazole derivatives of the formula (I) according to claim 1 for the treatment of seed and seed of transgenic plants.
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2012
- 2012-11-23 TW TW101143852A patent/TW201335140A/en unknown
- 2012-11-23 JP JP2014542841A patent/JP2014534251A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-23 BR BR112014012583A patent/BR112014012583A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-11-23 US US14/360,007 patent/US9095136B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-23 WO PCT/EP2012/073427 patent/WO2013076228A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-23 CA CA2856591A patent/CA2856591A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-11-23 EA EA201491036A patent/EA201491036A1/en unknown
- 2012-11-23 MX MX2014006072A patent/MX2014006072A/en unknown
- 2012-11-23 EP EP12798652.9A patent/EP2782447A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-23 KR KR1020147016549A patent/KR20140098145A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2012-11-23 CN CN201280066807.4A patent/CN104039146A/en active Pending
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO2013076228A1 * |
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MX2014006072A (en) | 2014-08-08 |
CA2856591A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
TW201335140A (en) | 2013-09-01 |
EA201491036A1 (en) | 2014-11-28 |
AR088982A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
BR112014012583A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
CN104039146A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
US9095136B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
KR20140098145A (en) | 2014-08-07 |
CO6960557A2 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
WO2013076228A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
JP2014534251A (en) | 2014-12-18 |
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