EP2757424A1 - Part for clockwork - Google Patents

Part for clockwork Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2757424A1
EP2757424A1 EP13151671.8A EP13151671A EP2757424A1 EP 2757424 A1 EP2757424 A1 EP 2757424A1 EP 13151671 A EP13151671 A EP 13151671A EP 2757424 A1 EP2757424 A1 EP 2757424A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
composite material
pivot
pivots
hard particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13151671.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2757424B1 (en
Inventor
Cédric Von Gruenigen
Christian Charbon
Marco Verardo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omega SA
Original Assignee
Omega SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omega SA filed Critical Omega SA
Priority to CH00198/13A priority Critical patent/CH707503A2/en
Priority to EP13151671.8A priority patent/EP2757424B1/en
Priority to US14/153,150 priority patent/US9377760B2/en
Priority to RU2014101335A priority patent/RU2655874C2/en
Priority to CN201910430757.7A priority patent/CN110275418B/en
Priority to JP2014006506A priority patent/JP2014137377A/en
Priority to CN201410022901.0A priority patent/CN103941571A/en
Publication of EP2757424A1 publication Critical patent/EP2757424A1/en
Priority to HK15100661.1A priority patent/HK1200222A1/en
Priority to JP2015239940A priority patent/JP6223408B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2757424B1 publication Critical patent/EP2757424B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/02—Driving mechanisms with driving weight
    • G04B1/04—Mechanisms in which the clockwork acts as the driving weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement and more particularly a balance shaft, an anchor rod and a nonmagnetic escape pinion.
  • the manufacture of a clock pivot axis consists, from a bar of hardened steel, to perform machining operations to define different active surfaces (scope, shoulder, pivots etc.) and then to submit the axis Vietnameselleté to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of the axis and one or more income to improve toughness.
  • the heat treatment operations are followed by a rolling operation of the pivots of the axes, an operation consisting in polishing the pivots to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation the hardness as well as the roughness of the pivots are further improved. Note that this rolling operation is very difficult or impossible to achieve with materials whose hardness is low, that is to say less than 600 HV.
  • the pivot axes for example the balance shafts, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made in grades of free cutting steels which are generally carbon martensitic steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their performance. machinability.
  • a steel of this type is known, designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.
  • This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular to be able to bar-turning and has, after treatments of quenching and tempering, high mechanical properties very interesting for the realization of horological pivot axes.
  • these steels exhibit high wear resistance and hardness after heat treatment.
  • the hardness of the pivots of an axis made of steel AP may reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.
  • this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disrupt the running of a watch after being subjected to a magnetic field, and in particular when this material is used for producing a balance shaft cooperating with a balance spring of ferromagnetic material.
  • This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art and is for example described in Swiss Annual Chronometry Newsletter Vol. I, pages 52 to 74 . It should also be noted that these martensitic steels are also susceptible to corrosion.
  • austenitic stainless steels which have the particular feature of being non-magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type.
  • these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be hardened and to reach hardnesses and therefore wear resistances that are compatible with the requirements required for the realization of clockwise pivot axes.
  • One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not allow to obtain hardnesses greater than 500 HV. Therefore, in the context of parts requiring high resistance to frictional wear and having pivots having little or no risk of breakage or deformation, the use of this type of steel remains limited
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned disadvantages by providing a pivot axis that both limits the sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain an improved hardness compatible with the wear resistance requirements. and shock resistance in the watchmaking field.
  • the invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis having improved corrosion resistance.
  • the invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis that can be manufactured simply and economically.
  • the invention relates to a pivot axis for a watch movement comprising at least one pivot at least of its ends, characterized in that at said at least one pivot is formed of a composite material having a metal matrix comprising at least one metal selected from nickel, titanium, chromium, zirconium, silver, gold , platinum, silicon, molybdenum, aluminum or an alloy thereof, said matrix being charged with hard particles selected from, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, Al N or a combination thereof, to limit the sensitivity of the axis to the magnetic fields.
  • the entire axis or at least the pivots have a high hardness, the pivot axis can thus cumulate the advantages as the low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and in the main stress zones, a good resistance to corrosion and wear while maintaining good general toughness.
  • the entire axis is formed of said composite material and the composite material comprises at least 75% hard particles and the hardness of the composite material is greater than or equal to 1000HV and preferably greater than 1200HV.
  • the grain size of the hard particles is between 0.1 microns and 5 microns.
  • the toughness of the composite material is greater than 8 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 .
  • the pivots are made of composite material and the latter are reported in housings formed at the ends of the axis, the axis being made of a paramagnetic material, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic.
  • the two pivots are made in one piece of composite material and said piece of composite material forming the pivots is reported in a through hole extending along the longitudinal axis of the axis to make part and other axis, the axis being made of a paramagnetic, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material.
  • the invention relates to a watch movement, characterized in that it comprises a pivot axis according to one of the preceding variants, and in particular a balance shaft, an anchor rod and / or an escape pinion comprising an axis according to one of these variants.
  • the invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement.
  • a balance shaft 1 which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters defining classically 2a spans and 2b shoulders arranged between two end portions defining pivots 3. These pivots are intended to each rotate in a bearing typically in a hole of a stone or ruby.
  • the material of which the axis 1 is formed is a composite material having a metal matrix comprising at least one metal chosen from nickel, titanium, chromium, zirconium, silver, gold, platinum, silicon, molybdenum, aluminum or an alloy thereof, said matrix being charged with hard particles selected from, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, AlN or a combination of these.
  • Amagnetism that is to say the paramagnetic diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic character of these composite materials advantageously reduces its sensitivity to magnetic fields.
  • the tenacity of the axis 1 is of the order of 8 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 for a hardness greater than 1300 HV
  • the values above were obtained from a composite material 92% WC and 8% Nickel. This provides a pivot axis with high wear resistance.
  • a powder formed of a particle of one or more hard material for example a tungsten carbide powder.
  • the powder used has a mean particle size in the micrometer range, typically from 0.1 to 5 microns.
  • the powder of hard material is then mixed with a matrix intended to form the binder between the hard particles, for example an alloy nickel (typically an alloy of Ni and titanium which during the development will allow the titanium to combine with the carbon to form carbides and release tungsten which will form a matrix NiW, as described in the patent US Patent 3,918,138 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the mixture obtained is homogenized, for example in a conventional atomizer.
  • the granule obtained is sieved, typically at 300 micrometers.
  • the screened granulate is then injected into a mold having the configuration of the desired pendulum axis to form a blank thereof.
  • the mold is of course sized to take into account the shrinkage phenomenon that the axis will undergo during the subsequent sintering step.
  • the dimensions are greater than the final dimensions of the axis.
  • the axis is demolded.
  • the axis is then placed in a sintering furnace in which it is heated between 1300 DEG.C and 1600 DEG.C for about one hour.
  • the shaft is removed from the oven and cooled.
  • the axis and in particular its pivots are finally polished, for example using a diamond paste, so that it has the desired dimensional characteristics.
  • the pivots 3 of the axis are made in one piece reported in a through hole 5 extending along the longitudinal axis of the axis 1 to project on either side of the axis pendulum as shown in the figure 3 .
  • the axis is advantageously made of a paramagnetic material, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic such as brass, nickel silver, CuBe or austenitic steel and the pivots are preferably maintained by respectively chase in the housing 4 or in the through hole 5.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The pivot pin (1) includes at least one pivot (3) at at least one of the ends of the pivot pin. The pivot is formed of a composite material having a metallic matrix including at least one metal selected from among nickel, titanium, chromium, zirconium, silver, gold, platinum, silicon, molybdenum, aluminum or an alloy of the above metals. The matrix is charged with hard particles selected from among tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon carbide, molybdenum silicide, aluminum nitride or their combination, so as to limit the sensitivity of the pin to magnetic fields.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à une pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie et notamment à un axe de pivotement amagnétique pour un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique et plus particulièrement un axe de balancier, une tige d'ancre et un pignon d'échappement amagnétique.The invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement and more particularly a balance shaft, an anchor rod and a nonmagnetic escape pinion.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La fabrication d'un axe de pivotement horloger consiste, à partir d'une barre en acier trempable, à réaliser des opérations de décolletage pour définir des différentes surfaces actives (portée, épaulement, pivots etc.) puis à soumettre l'axe décolleté à des opérations de traitement thermique comprenant au moins une trempe pour améliorer la dureté de l'axe et un ou plusieurs revenus pour en améliorer la ténacité. Les opérations de traitements thermiques sont suivies d'une opération de roulage des pivots des axes, opération consistant à polir les pivots pour les amener aux dimensions requises. Au cours de l'opération de roulage la dureté ainsi que la rugosité des pivots sont encore améliorées. On notera que cette opération de roulage est très difficile voire impossible à réaliser avec des matériaux dont la dureté est faible c'est-à-dire inférieure à 600 HV.The manufacture of a clock pivot axis consists, from a bar of hardened steel, to perform machining operations to define different active surfaces (scope, shoulder, pivots etc.) and then to submit the axis décolleté to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of the axis and one or more income to improve toughness. The heat treatment operations are followed by a rolling operation of the pivots of the axes, an operation consisting in polishing the pivots to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation the hardness as well as the roughness of the pivots are further improved. Note that this rolling operation is very difficult or impossible to achieve with materials whose hardness is low, that is to say less than 600 HV.

Les axes de pivotement, par exemple les axes de balancier, utilisés classiquement dans les mouvements d'horlogerie mécaniques sont réalisés dans des nuances d'aciers de décolletage qui sont généralement des aciers martensitiques au carbone incluant du plomb et des sulfures de manganèse pour améliorer leur usinabilité. Un acier de ce type est connu, désigné 20AP est typiquement utilisé pour ces applications.The pivot axes, for example the balance shafts, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made in grades of free cutting steels which are generally carbon martensitic steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their performance. machinability. A steel of this type is known, designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.

Ce type de matériau a l'avantage d'être facilement usinable, en particulier d'être apte au décolletage et présente, après des traitements de trempe et de revenu, des propriétés mécaniques élevées très intéressantes pour la réalisation d'axes de pivotement horlogers. Ces aciers présentent en particulier une résistance à l'usure et une dureté après traitement thermique élevées. Typiquement la dureté des pivots d'un axe réalisé en acier 20 AP peut atteindre une dureté dépassant les 700 HV après traitement thermique et roulage.This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular to be able to bar-turning and has, after treatments of quenching and tempering, high mechanical properties very interesting for the realization of horological pivot axes. In particular, these steels exhibit high wear resistance and hardness after heat treatment. Typically the hardness of the pivots of an axis made of steel AP may reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.

Bien que fournissant des propriétés mécaniques satisfaisantes pour les applications horlogères décrites ci-dessus, ce type de matériau présente l'inconvénient d'être magnétique et de pouvoir perturber la marche d'une montre après avoir été soumis à un champ magnétique, et ce notamment lorsque ce matériau est utilisé pour la réalisation d'un axe de balancier coopérant avec un balancier spiral en matériau ferromagnétique. Ce phénomène est bien connu de l'homme du métier et est par exemple décrit dans le Bulletin Annuel Suisse de Chronométrie Vol. I, pages 52 à 74 . On notera également que ces aciers martensitiques sont également sensibles à la corrosion.Although providing satisfactory mechanical properties for the horological applications described above, this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disrupt the running of a watch after being subjected to a magnetic field, and in particular when this material is used for producing a balance shaft cooperating with a balance spring of ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art and is for example described in Swiss Annual Chronometry Newsletter Vol. I, pages 52 to 74 . It should also be noted that these martensitic steels are also susceptible to corrosion.

Des essais pour tenter de remédier à ces inconvénients ont été menés avec des aciers inoxydables austénitiques qui présentent la particularité d'être amagnétiques c'est -à-dire du type paramagnétique, diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique. Toutefois, ces aciers austénitiques présentent une structure cristallographique ne permettant pas de les tremper et d'atteindre des duretés et donc des résistances à l'usure compatibles avec les exigences requises pour la réalisation d'axes de pivotement horlogers. Un moyen d'augmenter la dureté de ces aciers est l'écrouissage, toutefois cette opération de durcissement ne permet pas d'obtenir des duretés supérieure à 500 HV. Par conséquent, dans le cadre de pièces nécessitant une grande résistance à l'usure par frottement et devant avoir des pivots ne présentant pas ou peu de risques de casse ou de déformation, l'utilisation de ce type d'aciers reste limitéeAttempts to overcome these drawbacks have been carried out with austenitic stainless steels which have the particular feature of being non-magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type. However, these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be hardened and to reach hardnesses and therefore wear resistances that are compatible with the requirements required for the realization of clockwise pivot axes. One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not allow to obtain hardnesses greater than 500 HV. Therefore, in the context of parts requiring high resistance to frictional wear and having pivots having little or no risk of breakage or deformation, the use of this type of steel remains limited

Une autre approche pour tenter de remédier à ces inconvénients a consisté à déposer sur les axes de pivotements des couches dures de matériaux tels que le carbone amorphe connu sous la dénomination anglaise diamond like carbon (DLC). Or, on a constaté des risques importants de délamination de la couche dure et donc la formation de débris qui peuvent circuler à l'intérieur du mouvement horloger et venir perturber le fonctionnement de ce dernier, ce qui n'est pas satisfaisant.Another approach to try to overcome these disadvantages has been to deposit on the pivot axes of the hard layers of materials such as the amorphous carbon known as English diamond like carbon (DLC). However, there have been significant risks of delamination of the hard layer and therefore the formation of debris that can circulate inside the watch movement and come to disrupt the operation of the latter, which is not satisfactory.

Encore une autre approche a été envisagée pour remédier aux inconvénients des aciers inoxydables austénitiques, à savoir le durcissement superficiel de ces axes de pivotement par nitruration, carburation ou nitrocarburation. Toutefois ces traitements sont connus pour entrainer une perte importante de la résistance à la corrosion en raison de la réaction de l'azote et/ou le carbone avec le chrome de l'acier et la formation de nitrure de chrome et/ou de carbure de chrome causant un appauvrissement localisé de la matrice en chrome ce qui est préjudiciable pour l'application horlogère souhaitée.Yet another approach has been considered to overcome the disadvantages of austenitic stainless steels, namely the surface hardening of these pivot axes by nitriding, carburizing or nitrocarburizing. However, these treatments are known to cause a significant loss of corrosion resistance due to the reaction of nitrogen and / or carbon with the chromium of the steel and the formation of chromium nitride and / or carbide. chromium causing a localized depletion of the chromium matrix which is detrimental to the desired watchmaking application.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un axe de pivotement permettant à la fois de limiter la sensibilité aux champs magnétiques et d'obtenir une dureté améliorée compatible avec les exigences de résistance à l'usure et de tenue aux chocs dans le domaine horloger.The object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned disadvantages by providing a pivot axis that both limits the sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain an improved hardness compatible with the wear resistance requirements. and shock resistance in the watchmaking field.

L'invention a également pour but de fournir un axe de pivotement amagnétique ayant une résistance à la corrosion améliorée.The invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis having improved corrosion resistance.

L'invention a encore pour but de fournir un axe de pivotement amagnétique qui puisse être fabriqué de manière simple et économique.The invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis that can be manufactured simply and economically.

A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un axe de pivotement pour mouvement horloger comportant au moins un pivot à au moins de ses extrémités, caractérisé en ce qu'au ledit au moins un pivot est formé d'un matériau composite ayant une matrice métallique comprenant au moins un métal choisi parmi le nickel, le titane, le chrome, le zirconium, l'argent, l'or, le platine, le silicium, le molybdène, l' aluminium ou un alliage de ces derniers, ladite matrice étant chargée de particules dures choisies parmi, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, Al N ou une combinaison de ces derniers, afin de limiter la sensibilité de l'axe aux champs magnétiques.For this purpose, the invention relates to a pivot axis for a watch movement comprising at least one pivot at least of its ends, characterized in that at said at least one pivot is formed of a composite material having a metal matrix comprising at least one metal selected from nickel, titanium, chromium, zirconium, silver, gold , platinum, silicon, molybdenum, aluminum or an alloy thereof, said matrix being charged with hard particles selected from, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, Al N or a combination thereof, to limit the sensitivity of the axis to the magnetic fields.

Par conséquent, la totalité de l'axe ou au moins les pivots présentent une dureté élevée, l'axe de pivotement pouvant ainsi de cumuler les avantages comme la faible sensibilité aux champs magnétiques, et dans les zones de contraintes principales, une bonne résistance à la corrosion et à l'usure tout en conservant une bonne ténacité générale.Therefore, the entire axis or at least the pivots have a high hardness, the pivot axis can thus cumulate the advantages as the low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and in the main stress zones, a good resistance to corrosion and wear while maintaining good general toughness.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la totalité de l'axe est formé dudit matériau composite et le matériau composite comprend au moins 75% de particules dures et la dureté du matériau composite est supérieure ou égale à 1000HV et de préférence supérieure à 1200HV.According to a preferred embodiment, the entire axis is formed of said composite material and the composite material comprises at least 75% hard particles and the hardness of the composite material is greater than or equal to 1000HV and preferably greater than 1200HV.

De préférence, la taille des grains des particules dures est comprise entre 0.1 microns et 5 microns..Preferably, the grain size of the hard particles is between 0.1 microns and 5 microns.

Avantageusement, la ténacité du matériau composite est supérieure à 8 MPa·m1/2.Advantageously, the toughness of the composite material is greater than 8 MPa · m 1/2 .

Selon une variante de l'invention le ou les pivots sont réalisés en matériau composite et ces derniers sont rapportés dans des logements ménagés aux extrémités de l'axe, l'axe étant réalisé en un matériau paramagnétique, diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique.According to a variant of the invention or the pivots are made of composite material and the latter are reported in housings formed at the ends of the axis, the axis being made of a paramagnetic material, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic.

Selon une autre variante les deux pivots sont réalisés en une seule pièce en matériau composite et ladite pièce en matériau composite formant les pivots est rapportée dans un trou traversant s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal de l'axe pour faire saille de part et d'autre de l'axe, l'axe étant réalisé en un matériau paramagnétique, diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique.According to another variant the two pivots are made in one piece of composite material and said piece of composite material forming the pivots is reported in a through hole extending along the longitudinal axis of the axis to make part and other axis, the axis being made of a paramagnetic, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material.

De plus, l'invention se rapporte à un mouvement d'horlogerie, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un axe de pivotement selon l'une des variantes précédentes, et en particulier un axe de balancier, une tige d'ancre et/ou un pignon d'échappement comprenant un axe selon l'une de ces variantes.In addition, the invention relates to a watch movement, characterized in that it comprises a pivot axis according to one of the preceding variants, and in particular a balance shaft, an anchor rod and / or an escape pinion comprising an axis according to one of these variants.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation d'un axe de pivotement selon l'invention.
  • la figure 2 est une coupe d'une première variante d'un axe de balancier selon l'invention.
  • la figure 3 est une coupe d'une deuxième variante d'un axe de balancier selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a representation of a pivot axis according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 is a section of a first variant of a balance shaft according to the invention.
  • the figure 3 is a section of a second variant of a balance shaft according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

L'invention se rapporte à une pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie et notamment à un axe de pivotement amagnétique pour un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique.The invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement.

L'invention sera décrite ci-après dans le cadre d'une application à un axe de balancier amagnétique 1 . Bien évidemment, d'autres types d'axes de pivotement horlogers sont envisageables comme par exemple des axes de mobiles horlogers, typiquement des pignons d'échappement, ou encore des tiges d'ancre.The invention will be described below in the context of an application to a non-magnetic balance shaft 1. Of course, other types of clockwise pivot axes can be envisaged, such as, for example, axes of watchmakers, typically escape gears, or else anchor rods.

En se référant à la figure 1 on voir un axe de balancier 1 selon l'invention qui comporte une pluralité de sections 2 de diamètres différents définissants classiquement des portées 2a et des épaulements 2b arrangés entre deux portions d'extrémité définissant des pivots 3. Ces pivots sont destinés à venir chacun pivoter dans un palier typiquement dans un orifice d'une pierre ou rubis.Referring to the figure 1 we see a balance shaft 1 according to the invention which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters defining classically 2a spans and 2b shoulders arranged between two end portions defining pivots 3. These pivots are intended to each rotate in a bearing typically in a hole of a stone or ruby.

Avec le magnétisme induit par les objets rencontrés au quotidien, il est important de limiter la sensibilité de l'axe de balancier 1 sous peine d'influencer la marche de la pièce d'horlogerie dans lequel il est incorporé..With the magnetism induced by objects encountered on a daily basis, it is important to limit the sensitivity of the pendulum axis 1 otherwise it will influence the operation of the timepiece in which it is incorporated.

De manière surprenante, l'invention permet de résoudre les deux problèmes en même temps sans compromis et en apportant d'autres avantages. Ainsi, le matériau dont est formé l'axe 1 est un matériau composite ayant une matrice métallique comprenant au moins un métal choisi parmi le nickel, le titane, le chrome, le zirconium, l'argent, l'or, le platine, le silicium, le molybdène, l'aluminium ou un alliage de ces derniers, ladite matrice étant chargée de particules dures choisies parmi, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, Al N ou une combinaison de ces derniers. L'amagnétisme, c'est-à-dire le caractère paramagnétique diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique de ces matériaux composites permet de manière avantageuse de réduire sa sensibilité aux champs magnétiques.Surprisingly, the invention solves both problems at the same time without compromise and providing other benefits. Thus, the material of which the axis 1 is formed is a composite material having a metal matrix comprising at least one metal chosen from nickel, titanium, chromium, zirconium, silver, gold, platinum, silicon, molybdenum, aluminum or an alloy thereof, said matrix being charged with hard particles selected from, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, AlN or a combination of these. Amagnetism, that is to say the paramagnetic diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic character of these composite materials advantageously reduces its sensitivity to magnetic fields.

Par ailleurs, selon l'invention, la ténacité de l'axe 1 est de l'ordre de 8 MPa·m1/2 pour une dureté supérieure à 1300 HV Les valeurs ci-dessus ont été obtenues à partir d'un matériau composite 92% de WC et 8% de Nickel. On obtient ainsi un axe de pivotement présentant une résistance à l'usure élevée.Furthermore, according to the invention, the tenacity of the axis 1 is of the order of 8 MPa · m 1/2 for a hardness greater than 1300 HV The values above were obtained from a composite material 92% WC and 8% Nickel. This provides a pivot axis with high wear resistance.

On va décrire ci-après un exemple de procédé de réalisation d'un axe de pivotement tel que l'axe de balancier 1 en un matériau composite. On se munit tout d'abord d'une poudre formée de particule d'un ou plusieurs matériau dur, par exemple une poudre de carbure de tungstène. La poudre utilisée a une taille granulométrique moyenne de l'ordre du micromètre, typiquement de 0,1 à 5 micromètres .An exemplary method for producing a pivot axis such as the balance shaft 1 in a composite material will be described below. First, a powder formed of a particle of one or more hard material, for example a tungsten carbide powder, is provided. The powder used has a mean particle size in the micrometer range, typically from 0.1 to 5 microns.

La poudre de matériau dur est ensuite mélangée à une matrice destinée à former le liant entre les particules dures, par exemple un alliage de nickel (typiquement un alliage de Ni et de titane qui lors de l'élaboration va permettre au titane de se combiner au carbone pour former des carbures et libérer du tungstène qui formera une matrice NiW, comme cela est décrit dans le brevet US Patent 3,918,138 qui est incorporé ici par référence. Le mélange obtenu est homogénéisé, par exemple dans un atomiseur classique. Le granulé obtenu est tamisé, typiquement à 300 micromètres. Le granulé tamisé est ensuite injecté dans un moule ayant la configuration de l'axe de balancier souhaitée afin de former une ébauche de celle-ci. Le moule est bien entendu dimensionné pour prendre en compte le phénomène de retrait que subira l'axe au cours de l'étape de frittage ultérieure. On notera à ce propos que les dimensions sont supérieures aux dimensions finales de l'axe. Après l'étape d'injection, l'axe est démoulé.. L'axe est ensuite placé dans un four de frittage dans lequel il est chauffée entre 1300 DEG.C et 1600 DEG.C pendant environ une heure. L'axe est retiré du four et refroidi. L'axe et notamment ses pivots sont enfin polis, par exemple à l'aide d'une pâte de diamant, de sorte qu'il présente les caractéristiques dimensionnelles souhaitées.The powder of hard material is then mixed with a matrix intended to form the binder between the hard particles, for example an alloy nickel (typically an alloy of Ni and titanium which during the development will allow the titanium to combine with the carbon to form carbides and release tungsten which will form a matrix NiW, as described in the patent US Patent 3,918,138 which is incorporated herein by reference. The mixture obtained is homogenized, for example in a conventional atomizer. The granule obtained is sieved, typically at 300 micrometers. The screened granulate is then injected into a mold having the configuration of the desired pendulum axis to form a blank thereof. The mold is of course sized to take into account the shrinkage phenomenon that the axis will undergo during the subsequent sintering step. It should be noted in this connection that the dimensions are greater than the final dimensions of the axis. After the injection step, the axis is demolded. The axis is then placed in a sintering furnace in which it is heated between 1300 DEG.C and 1600 DEG.C for about one hour. The shaft is removed from the oven and cooled. The axis and in particular its pivots are finally polished, for example using a diamond paste, so that it has the desired dimensional characteristics.

Bien évidemment, d'autres matériaux composites sont envisageables dès lors que la proportion de particules dures leur confère à la fois une dureté supérieure ou égale à 1000HV et des propriétés paramagnétiques ou diamagnétiques.Of course, other composite materials are possible since the proportion of hard particles gives them both a hardness greater than or equal to 1000HV and paramagnetic or diamagnetic properties.

Alternativement, il est possible d'usinier l'axe selon l'invention à partir d'une barre ronde de matériaux composites tels que définis ci-dessus.Alternatively, it is possible to machine the axis according to the invention from a round bar of composite materials as defined above.

Le caractère dur des pivots 3 étant obtenu directement par le matériau des pivots 3 lui-même on évite avantageusement selon l'invention tout délaminage ultérieur en cours d'utilisation.The hard nature of the pivots 3 being obtained directly by the material of the pivots 3 itself is advantageously avoided according to the invention any subsequent delamination during use.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art.

En particulier, il peut être envisagé de ne réaliser que les pivots 3 en un matériau composite et de rapporter ces pivots dans des logements 4 ménagées aux extrémités de l'axe comme cela est illustré à la figure 2.In particular, it may be envisaged to make only the pivots 3 of a composite material and report these pivots in housings 4 formed at the ends of the axis as shown in FIG. figure 2 .

Selon une autre variante, les pivots 3 de l'axe sont réalisés en une seule pièce rapportée dans un trou traversant 5 s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal de l'axe 1 pour faire saille de part et d'autre de l'axe de balancier comme cela est illustré à la figure 3.According to another variant, the pivots 3 of the axis are made in one piece reported in a through hole 5 extending along the longitudinal axis of the axis 1 to project on either side of the axis pendulum as shown in the figure 3 .

Dans ces deux dernières variantes l'axe est avantageusement réalisé en un matériau paramagnétique, diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique tel que le laiton, le maillechort, le CuBe ou l'acier austénitique et les pivots sont maintenus de préférence par chassage respectivement dans les logements 4 ou dans le trou traversant 5.In these last two variants the axis is advantageously made of a paramagnetic material, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic such as brass, nickel silver, CuBe or austenitic steel and the pivots are preferably maintained by respectively chase in the housing 4 or in the through hole 5.

Claims (11)

Axe de pivotement pour mouvement horloger (1) comportant au moins un pivot à au moins une de ses extrémités, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un pivot est formé d'un matériau composite ayant une matrice métallique comprenant au moins un métal choisi parmi le nickel, le titane, le chrome, le zirconium, l'argent, l'or, le platine, le silicium, le molybdène, l' aluminium ou un alliage de ces derniers, ladite matrice étant chargée de particules dures choisies parmi, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, Al N ou une combinaison de ces derniers, afin de limiter la sensibilité de l'axe aux champs magnétiques.Pivoting axis for a watch movement (1) comprising at least one pivot at at least one of its ends, characterized in that the said at least one pivot is formed of a composite material having a metal matrix comprising at least one metal chosen from nickel, titanium, chromium, zirconium, silver, gold, platinum, silicon, molybdenum, aluminum or an alloy thereof, said matrix being charged with hard particles selected from, WC, TiC, TaC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, SiC, MoSi2, AlN or a combination thereof, to limit the sensitivity of the axis to magnetic fields. Axe de pivotement (1) selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau composite comprend au moins 75% de particules dures.Pivot pin (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that said composite material comprises at least 75% of hard particles. Axe de pivotement (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que la dureté dudit matériau composite est supérieure ou égale à 1000HV et de préférence supérieure à 1200HV .Pivot axis (1) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the hardness of said composite material is greater than or equal to 1000HV and preferably greater than 1200HV. Axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la taille des grains des particules dures est comprise entre 0.1 microns et 5 microns .Pivot shaft (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grain size of the hard particles is between 0.1 microns and 5 microns. Axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la une ténacité du matériau composite est supérieure à 8 MPa·m1/2 Pivot shaft (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the toughness of the composite material is greater than 8 MPa · m 1/2 Axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé la totalité de l'axe est formé dudit matériau composite.Swivel pin (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized the entire axis is formed of said composite material. Axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux pivots formés dudit matériau composite..Pivot shaft (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two pivots formed of said composite material. Axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les pivots sont réalisés en matériau composite et en ce que ces derniers sont rapportés dans des logements ménagés aux extrémités de l'axe et en ce que l'axe est réalisé en un matériau paramagnétique, diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique.Pivot axis (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pivots are made of composite material and in that the latter are reported in housings formed at the ends of the axis and in that the axis is made of a paramagnetic material, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les pivots sont réalisés en matériau composite, en ce que les deux pivots sont réalisés en une seule pièce, en ce que ladite pièce en matériau composite est rapportée dans un trou traversant s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal de l'axe pour faire saille de part et d'autre de l'axe, et en ce que l'axe est réalisé en un matériau paramagnétique, diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique.Pivot shaft (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pivots are made of composite material, in that the two pivots are made in one piece, in that said composite material part is reported in a through hole extending along the longitudinal axis of the axis for projecting on either side of the axis, and in that the axis is made of a paramagnetic material, diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Mouvement pour une pièce d'horlogerie caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un axe de pivotement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.Movement for a timepiece characterized in that it comprises a pivot axis (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Mouvement pour une pièce d'horlogerie caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un axe de balancier (1), une tige d'ancre et/ou un pignon d'échappement comprenant un axe selon l'une des revendications précédentes.Movement for a timepiece characterized in that it comprises a rocker shaft (1), an anchor rod and / or an exhaust pinion comprising an axis according to one of the preceding claims.
EP13151671.8A 2013-01-17 2013-01-17 Part for clockwork Active EP2757424B1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00198/13A CH707503A2 (en) 2013-01-17 2013-01-17 Pivoting axle i.e. non-magnetic balance axle, for clockwork movement of timepiece, has pivot made of composite material having metal matrix charged with hard particles in order to limit sensitivity of axle to magnetic fields
EP13151671.8A EP2757424B1 (en) 2013-01-17 2013-01-17 Part for clockwork
US14/153,150 US9377760B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2014-01-13 Part for a timepiece movement
RU2014101335A RU2655874C2 (en) 2013-01-17 2014-01-16 Part for clock mechanism
CN201910430757.7A CN110275418B (en) 2013-01-17 2014-01-17 Component for a timepiece movement
JP2014006506A JP2014137377A (en) 2013-01-17 2014-01-17 Component for timepiece movement
CN201410022901.0A CN103941571A (en) 2013-01-17 2014-01-17 Part for clock movement
HK15100661.1A HK1200222A1 (en) 2013-01-17 2015-01-21 Part for a timepiece movement
JP2015239940A JP6223408B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2015-12-09 Parts for watch movement

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EP13151671.8A EP2757424B1 (en) 2013-01-17 2013-01-17 Part for clockwork

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EP2757424A1 true EP2757424A1 (en) 2014-07-23
EP2757424B1 EP2757424B1 (en) 2018-05-16

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JP (2) JP2014137377A (en)
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CH (1) CH707503A2 (en)
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US20140198624A1 (en) 2014-07-17
RU2655874C2 (en) 2018-05-29
CN103941571A (en) 2014-07-23
HK1200222A1 (en) 2015-07-31
JP2014137377A (en) 2014-07-28
JP2016053589A (en) 2016-04-14
CN110275418A (en) 2019-09-24
CN110275418B (en) 2021-11-16
RU2014101335A (en) 2015-07-27
CH707503A2 (en) 2014-07-31
EP2757424B1 (en) 2018-05-16
US9377760B2 (en) 2016-06-28

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