EP1470935B1

EP1470935B1 - Bearing unit for vehicle wheel

Info

Publication number: EP1470935B1
Application number: EP03701880A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Junshi NSK LTD. SAKAMOTO
Original assignee: NSK Ltd
Current assignee: NSK Ltd
Priority date: 2002-01-30
Filing date: 2003-01-27
Publication date: 2008-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2023-01-27
Also published as: JPWO2003064184A1; ATE392315T1; CN101126413A; EP1470935B8; EP1470935A4; DE60320374T2; DE60320374D1; US20050283979A1; CN1625490A; US20050047698A1; EP1470935A1; WO2003064184A1

Abstract

A wheel is positioned into a tube portion (19a) and connected to a hub (8a), where a flange (10a) with tapped holes (11a) is provided to the tube portion, so that radial deflection of the outer peripheral surface (20a) of the tube portion due to hub rotation, is reduced to less than 15 mu m.

Description

Technical Field of the Invention:

This invention relates to an improvement of a bearing unit for wheel that supports an automobile wheel such that it can rotate freely with respect to a suspension apparatus. More particularly, this invention is directed to a construction in which the wheel is attached to a rotating flange formed around the outer peripheral surface of the hub, such that the bolts are inserted through the through holes in the wheel rim of this wheel and into screw holes that are formed in the rotating flange for screw-fixing.

Background Technology:

With construction as shown in Fig. 3, for example, the wheel rim 1 of an automobile wheel and the rotor 2 of a disc-brake brake apparatus are supported by the knuckle 3 of the suspension apparatus such that they can rotate freely. In other words, the outer race 6 of the bearing unit 5 for wheel, which is the object of this invention, is fastened to the circular support-hole section 4 formed on the knuckle 3 using a plurality of bolts 7.
On the other hand, the wheel rim 1 and rotor 2 are attached and fastened to the hub 8 of the bearing unit 5 for wheel by a plurality of bolts 9. In order to do this, a rotating flange 10 is formed on the portion of the outer peripheral surface on the outer end section of the hub 8 that protrudes from the outer race 6. (Here, the "outer" in the axial direction is the outside in the width direction when the bearing unit is assembled into the automobile, and is the left side in the drawings; and the "inner" in the axial direction is the center side in the width direction and is the right side in the drawings. This is the same for all the drawings of this disclosure.), and screw holes 11 are formed at a plurality of locations (generally 4 to 6 locations) that are evenly spaced around in the circumferential direction of a single circumference near the outer peripheral edge of the rotating flange 10. Also, through holes 12, 13 are formed in both the wheel rim 1 and rotor 2 in the portion near the inner peripheral edge that corresponds to the screw holes 11. When attaching and fastening the wheel rim 1 and rotor 2 to the hub 8, the bolts 9 are inserted through both of the through holes 12, 13 from the outer side toward the inner side, then screwed into the screw holes 11 and tightened.
Moreover, a plurality of rows of outer- race tracks 14a, 14b are formed around the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 6, and a stationary flange 15 is formed around the outer peripheral surface of the outer race 6. This outer race 6 is fastened to the knuckle 3 by connecting the stationary flange 15 to the knuckle 3 using bolts 7. On the other hand, the hub 8 comprises a hub body 16 and an inner race 17 that is combined with the hub body 16. The rotating flange 10 is formed on part of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 16 in the section that protrudes from the opening on the outer end of the outer race 6. Also, a cylindrical positioning portion 19 is formed on the surface of the outer end of the hub body 16. The outer peripheral surface 20 of this cylindrical positioning portion 19 is concentric with the hub body 16.
The wheel rim 1 and rotor 2 having their inner peripheral edge sections fitted onto this cylindrical positioning portion 19, are attached to and fastened to the surface on one side of the rotating flange 10 (the outer surface in the example shown in the figure) using the bolts 9. In this state, the wheel rim 1, rotor 2 and hub 8 are all concentric with each other. Moreover, with the rows of outer- race tracks 14a, 14b, the outer-race track 14a is located on the outer side while the outer-race track 14b is located on the inner side, and a first inner-race track 21 is formed directly around the outer surface in the middle section of the hub body 16 in the section that faces the outer-race track 14a on the outer side. Furthermore, a small diameter stepped section 22 is formed around the outer peripheral surface of the inner end section of the hub body 16, and an inner race 17 is fastened onto the small-diameter stepped section 22 to form the hub 8. A second inner-race track 23 is formed around the outer peripheral surface of this inner race 17 to face the outer-race track 14b on the inner side.
There is a plurality of rolling bodies, or balls 24, 24 located between each of the outer- race tracks 14a, 14b and first and second inner- race tracks 21, 23, and they are held by retainers 25, 25 such that they can roll freely. With this construction, a double-row angular ball bearing in a back-to-back combination is constructed, to support the hub 8 inside the outer race 6 such that it rotates freely, and to support radial loads and thrust loads. There are seal rings 26a, 26b located between the inner peripheral surface on both ends of the outer race 6 and the outer peripheral surface around the middle section of the hub body 16 and the outer peripheral surface around the inner end of the inner race 17, so that they seal off the internal space, where the balls 24, 24 are located, from the outside. Furthermore, the example shown in the figures is directed to a bearing unit 5 for the driven wheels of an automobile (rear wheels in the case of a FR and RR automobile, the front wheels in the case of a FF automobile and all of the wheels in the case of a 4WD automobile), so a spline hole 27 is formed in the center of the hub body 16. A constant velocity joint 28 having a spline shaft 29 is provided, and the spline shaft 29 of the constant-velocity joint 28 is inserted into this spline hole 27.
As shown in Fig. 3, when the bearing unit 5 for vehicle wheel described above is in use, the outer race 6 is fastened to the knuckle 3, and the wheel rim 1 and the rotor 2 with tire (not shown in the figure) mounted to the wheel rim 1 are fastened to the rotating flange 10 of the hub body 16. When doing this, as described above, the wheel rim 1, rotor 2 and hub 8 become concentric with each other by fitting the inner peripheral edges of the wheel rim 1 and rotor 2 onto the cylindrical positioning portion 19. Also, of these, the rotor 2 is combined with a support and caliper (not shown in the figure) fixed to the knuckle 3, to form a disc brake for braking. When braking, a pair of pads located on both sides of the rotor 2 presses against the both side surfaces of the rotor 2.
In the construction described above, in order to prevent the wheel rim 1 from whirling (the outer peripheral edge of the wheel rim 1 runs out in the radial direction as the wheel rim 1 turns) when moving, the geometric center of the wheel rim 1 must coincide with the center of rotation of the hub 8. On the other hand, in the case of a so-called third-generation bearing unit for vehicle wheel where the first inner-race track 21 is formed directly around the outer peripheral surface of the middle section of the hub 8, as shown in Fig. 3, a stepped shape is formed between the middle section in the axial direction of the hub body 16 where the first inner-race track 21 is formed, and the small-diameter stepped section 22 around which the inner race 17 having the second inner-race track 23 is fitted for fixing. In the case of this construction, as the parallelism and concentricity of the first and second inner- race tracks 21, 23 becomes poor, it becomes easy for the geometric center and the center of rotation of the hub 8 to come out of alignment. When these centers come out of alignment, it becomes easy for the outer peripheral surface 20 around the cylindrical positioning portion 19 formed on the outer end surface of the hub 8 to whirl with runout in the radial direction as the hub 8 rotates.
When the outer peripheral surface 20 around the cylindrical positioning portion 19 whirls because of this reason, the wheel rim 1 that is fitted around this cylindrical positioning portion 19 begins to whirl with runout in the radial direction. As a result, even though the wheel balance is secured with respect to the vehicle wheel itself, the rotating balance when actually moving becomes poor, and driving performance when traveling at high speed, which is based on comfort and driving stability, becomes poor. Particularly, in the structure where the work of attaching and fastening the wheel rim 1 to the rotating flange 10 is performed by screwing in and tightening bolts 9 in the screw holes 11 formed in the rotating flange 10, it becomes easy for the wheel rim 1 to be affected by whirling of the outer peripheral surface 20 around the cylindrical positioning portion 19.
The bearing unit for vehicle wheel according to the present invention is invented, taking such background into consideration, to suppress runout in the radial direction of the vehicle wheel with wheel rim 1 based on rotation of the hub 8.

Disclosure of the Invention

The bearing unit for vehicle wheel of this invention is for supporting a vehicle wheel on the suspension apparatus such that it can rotate freely, and it comprises: a non-rotating outer race, a hub that rotates on the radially inside of the outer race, and a plurality of rolling elements.
The outer race has two rows of outer-race tracks formed around its inner peripheral surface, and when in operation, it is supported by the suspension so as not to rotate.
Also, the hub comprises a combination of a hub body and one inner race.
US 4,437,536 relates to a support assembly for vehicle wheels having an outer ring provided with a flange fixing to a suspension strut for the wheel, an inner ring with a fixing flange fort he wheel, and rolling elements which roll between two rings, in which the inner ring is mounted on a shaft and is provided with oppositely directed conical surfaces cooperating with a conical surface formed on a shoulder of the shaft coaxially with respect to a cylindrical surface formed on the shaft itself and with a conical surface of a ring fitted over the cylindrical surface.
The hub body comprises: a rotating flange that is formed around the outer peripheral surface on the outer end of the hub body, such that the outer surface of the rotating flange functions as an installation surface for supporting the vehicle wheel and that the rotating flange has screw holes for fastening the vehicle wheel; a first inner-race track that is formed directly around the outer peripheral surface in the middle section of the hub body to face the outer-race track on the outer side of the two outer-race tracks; and a cylindrical positioning portion that is provided on the outer end surface of the hub body, and around which the inner peripheral edge of the vehicle wheel is fitted.
Moreover, the inner race has a second inner-race track formed around its outer peripheral surface so as to face the outer-race track on the inner side of the two outer-race tracks, and the inner race is fitted around the inner end section of the hub body.
Furthermore, a plurality of the rolling elements are located between each of the outer-race tracks and inner-race tracks such that they can roll freely.
Particularly, in the case of the bearing unit for vehicle wheel of this invention, as the hub rotates, the runout is only 15 µm or less in the radial direction at least in the part of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical positioning portion onto which the wheel rim of the vehicle wheel is fitted. The cylindrical positioning portion is located on the outer end of the hub.
In the case of the bearing unit for vehicle wheel of this invention constructed as described above, the geometric center of the wheel rim that is fitted around the cylindrical positioning portion coincides with the center of rotation of the hub, so as to suppress whirling of the vehicle wheel including the wheel rim, so that it is possible to improve the driving performance of the automobile, mainly based on riding comfort and driving stability.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional drawing of a first example of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional drawing of a second example of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional drawing showing an example of the installation of the bearing unit for vehicle wheel to which this invention is applied.

Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a first example of the embodiment of the invention. In the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel according to this example, there is a stationary flange 15 formed around the outer peripheral surface in the middle section of the outer race 6 for attaching and securing the outer race 6 to a knuckle 3 (see Fig. 3). Also, there are two rows of outer- race tracks 14a, 14b formed around the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 6. Moreover, with respect to the hub 8a, a first inner-race track 21 and a second inner-race track 23 are formed around the outer peripheral surfaces of the hub body 16a and the inner race 17, such that they respectively face the outer- race tracks 14a, 14b.
In other words, a first inner-race track 21 is formed directly around the outer peripheral surface in the middle section of the hub body 16a, and an inner race 17 is fitted around a small-diameter stepped section 22 that is formed around the section near the inner end of the hub body 16a, and a second inner-race track 23 is formed around the outer peripheral surface of the inner race 17. Also, in order to prevent the inner race 17 from coming apart from the small-diameter stepped section 22, a crimped section 30 is formed around the inner end of the hub body 16a. That is, after the inner race 17 has been fitted onto the small-diameter stepped section 22, the section on the inner end of the hub body 16a that protrudes from the inner end surface of the inner race 17 is plastically deformed outward in the radial direction to form a crimped section 30, and this crimped section 30 holds the inner end surface of the inner race 17. With this construction, the inner race 17 is securely fastened around the inner end section of the hub body 16a to form the hub 8a.
Moreover, a rotating flange 10a for attaching to the wheel rim 1 and the rotor 2 or drum, which is the rotating body of the brake (see Fig. 3), is formed around the outer peripheral surface near the outer end of the hub body 16a, in the section that protrudes from the opening on the outer end of the outer race 6. Screw holes 11a are formed at a plurality of locations around this rotating flange 10a in the circumferential direction on the circumference the center of which is located on the rotating center of the hub body 16a. These screw holes 11a are for screwing in the bolts 9 (see Fig. 3) that fasten the wheel rim 1 and rotor 2.
Also, there is a cylindrical positioning portion 19a formed on the outer end surface of the hub body 16a, in order that the wheel rim 1 and rotor 2 are fitted around and supported by the cylindrical positioning portion 19a such that the cylindrical positioning portion 19a is concentric with the hub body 16a. In this example, of the outer peripheral surface 20a around the cylindrical positioning portion 19a, provided on the based end section (inner end section) is a large-diameter section 31 around which the inner peripheral edge section of the rotor 2 is fitted, and provided from the middle section to the tip end section (outer end section) is a small-diameter section 32 around which the inner peripheral edge section of the wheel rim 1 is fitted. The large-diameter section 31 and the small-diameter section 33 are concentric with each other, and are connected by a stepped section 33.
Moreover, there is a plurality of balls 24, 24 located between each of the outer- race tracks 14a, 14b and first and second inner- race tracks 21, 23, and they are held by retainers 25, 25 such that they can roll freely. There is a pair of sealing rings 26a, 26b located between the inner peripheral surface on both end sections of the outer race 6 and the outer peripheral surface around the middle section of the hub body 16a and the outer peripheral surface around the inner end section of the inner race 17, so as to cutoff the internal space 34, where the balls 24, 24 are located, from the outside and to prevent the grease filled inside this internal space 34 from leaking, as well as to prevent foreign matter from getting inside this internal space 34.
The outer peripheral surface 20a (large-diameter section 31 and small-diameter section 32) around the cylindrical positioning portion 19a of the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel described above runs out in the radial direction as the hub 8a rotates on the inner diameter side of the outer race 6. In the case of the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel of this invention, this runout is kept to 15 µm or less. In other words, when the outer race 6 is secured and the probe of a displacement sensor is in contact with the outer peripheral surface 20a and the hub 8a is allowed to rotate, the precision in dimensions and shape of the outer peripheral surface 20a with respect to the center of rotation of the hub 8a is provided such that the runout of the values measured by the displacement sensor (difference between the maximum value and minimum value) is 15 µm or less. In this invention, it is acceptable if the runout of at least the small-diameter section 32 of the outer peripheral surface 20a, is kept to 15 µm or less (the runout of just the small-diameter section 32 is controlled to be 15 µm or less), however, it is preferred that in addition to the small-diameter section 32, that the runout of the large-diameter section 31 also be kept to 15 µm or less.
In addition to improving the precision of the shape and dimensions of all of the components of the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel, the work of securing the precision of the outer peripheral surface 20a in this way can be performed by finishing the outer peripheral surface 20 of the cylindrical positioning portion 19a after assembling the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel. Of these, the work of performing a finishing process after assembly is performed by turning, grinding, or micro-finishing the outer peripheral surface 20a to finish the outer peripheral surface 20a into a cylindrical surface that is concentric with the center of rotation of the hub 8a. In this case, before performing turning, grinding or micro-finishing of the outer peripheral surface 20a of the cylindrical positioning portion 19a, all of the components of the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel except for the outer peripheral surface 20a of the cylindrical positioning portion 19a are processed to a specified shape and dimension. Also, the outer peripheral surface 20a of the cylindrical positioning portion 19a is processed to a rough shape and dimensions. Next, the components of the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel are assembled to the state as shown in Fig. 1. After that, the hub 8a is rotated with the outer race 6 fixed, and the turning, grinding or micro-finishing of the outer peripheral surface 20a is performed.
In any case, in the bearing unit 5a for vehicle wheel of this example, the amount of whirling of the outer peripheral surface 20a (especially the small-diameter section 32) of the cylindrical positioning portion 19a, which is formed on the outer end surface of the hub body 16a and around which the wheel rim 1 (see Fig. 3) is fitted, is kept to 15 µm or less, so it is possible to suppress whirling of the wheel rim 1 during operation, and thus it is possible to improve the driving performance of the automobile such as riding comfort and driving stability.
In other words, according to experimentation performed by the inventors, as shown in the Table below, when the amount of whirling is 20 µm or more, the driving performance of the automobile such as riding comfort and driving stability was never good, however, when the amount of whirling was kept to 15 µm or less, the driving performance became good. Table 1

Whirling Amount (µm) Evaluation

50 ×

30 ×

20 ×

15 ○

10 ○
A coating for preventing corrosion may be formed around the cylindrical positioning portion 19a as in the prior art disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Jitsu kai Hei 7-18906 . It is preferred that the work of forming this kind of coating be by electro-deposition coating instead of by a brush or spray coating or normal dip coating. The reason for this is that it is possible with the electro-deposition coating to obtain a stable coating with uniform thickness, and the time required for drying is reduced and thus the work efficiency is improved. The electro-deposition coating performed in this case can be performed by the process described below, for example.
"Degrease and clean the outside end section of the hub 8a." → "Place a protective cap around the parts such as the spline hole 27 that will not be coated, and connect electrodes to the hub 8a."→"Place the cylindrical positioning portion 19a into an electro-deposition tank in which the coating material (for example, a water-soluble coating material that can be dissociated) is stored."→"Apply voltage between the electrodes placed in the electro-deposition tank and the electrodes connected to the hub 8a." → "Remove the cylindrical positioning portion 19a from the electro-deposition tank."
By performing the work described above, it is possible to form a durable, anti-corrosion coating that will not readily peal and that has a uniform thickness on the surface of the cylindrical positioning portion 19a including its outer peripheral surface 20a.
Next, Fig. 2 shows a second example of the embodiment of the invention. In the case of the bearing unit 5b for vehicle wheel of this example, the inner end section of the inner race 17 that is fitted around the small-diameter stepped section 22 on the inner end section of the hub body 16b of the hub 8b protrudes further inward than the inner end section of the main hub body 16b. When installed in the automobile, the outer end section of the constant-velocity joint 28 (see Fig. 3) comes in contact with the inner end surface of the inner race 17 and prevents the inner race 17 from coming apart from the hub body 16b. The other construction and function are substantially the same as in the first example described above, so any redundant explanation has been omitted. This invention is not limited to a bearing unit for driven wheels as shown in the figures, but can applied to a bearing unit for non-driven wheels as well.

Industrial Applicability

The bearing unit for vehicle wheel according to this invention, is constructed and functions as described above, and makes it possible to improve driving performance such as comfort and stability when driving at high speed.

Claims

A method for manufacturing a bearing unit (5a) for vehicle wheel for rotatably supporting a vehicle wheel on a suspension comprising a non-rotating outer race (6), a hub (8a) rotating on the inner diameter side of the outer race, and a plurality of rolling elements (24), the outer race having an inner peripheral surface formed with a double row of outer race tracks (14a, 14b), and not rotatable when supported by the suspension during use, the hub comprising a combination of the hub body and one inner race (17), the hub body comprising:
a rotating flange (10a) formed around the outer peripheral surface on the outer end of the hub body, such that the outer surface of the rotating flange functions as an installation surface for supporting the vehicle wheel and that the rotating flange has screw hoes (11a) for fastening the vehicle wheel;

a first inner-race track(21) formed directly around the outer peripheral surface in the middle section of the hub body to face the outer-race track on the outer side of the two outer-race tracks; and

a cylindrical positioning portion (19a) provided on the outer end surface of the hub body, and around which the inner peripheral edge of the vehicle wheel is fitted, the inner race having a second inner-race track (23) formed around its outer peripheral surface so as to face the outer-race track on the inner side of the two outer-race tracks, and being fitted around the inner end section of the hub body, the rolling elements located between each of the outer-race tracks and each of the inner-race tracks such that they can roll freely, wherein the assembled bearing unit is rotated with the outer race (6) fixed, and a turning, grinding or micro-finishing of the outer peripheral surface is performed such that the hub rotates, the runout is only 15 µm or less in the radial direction at least in the part of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical positioning portion onto which the wheel rim (1) of the vehicle wheel is fitted.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the runout is only 15 µm or less in the radial direction in the part of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical positioning portion onto which the rotating member (2) for braking is fitted.