EP1464915A1 - Mine protection device - Google Patents

Abstract

A vehicle has a floor incorporating protection against an exploding mine. The blast-protection floor has a first functional layer made of armoured sheet steel or an ultra-strong metal alloy providing blast protection at least equivalent to that of armoured steel. The floor has a second functional layer (10) made of a material that is capable of plastic flow and erosion when under high pressure, and a third functional layer made of armoured sheet steel or an equivalent.

Description

The invention relates to a polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to the preamble of Patent claim 1.

The protection of armored vehicles and in particular their occupants against both Blast as well as against projectile-forming mines is becoming increasingly important because especially when used in crisis areas with anti-tank mines must be expected. It is therefore desirable to make lighter vehicle weight classes as efficient as possible as possible to protect against mine threats. This does not just apply to development new vehicles, but also for retrofitting already introduced Systems.

In the effect of a mine explosion, two criteria should be considered as a priority: on the one hand, the blast or pressure wave by the detonation of the explosive and the others the breakdown power of the projectile formed at flat-charge mines. Furthermore, there are shaped charge mines, such as the German mine AT II, their breakdown power is so high that the vehicle floor including a possibly applied mine protection will penetrate. Therefore, should be a good one Mine protection at the same time be suitable when penetrating the mine protection through the HL-beam to cause a small splinter cone or the fragment cone in Restrict the area of the vehicle interior.

When the ground area of an armored vehicle, such as a rifle or battle tank, with a pressure mine (for example with an explosive charge in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg TNT equivalent) is due to the blast effect a dynamic deflection or swinging of the vehicle floor in a time span about a millisecond. The amplitude is of the explosive charge mass, the distance of the load from the floor structure and the thickness of the vehicle floor or its mass. For armored vehicles, this is dynamic Deflection usually in the order of 200 mm to 300 mm. It can the speed of the sweeping vehicle floor peaks of over 300 reach m / s. Furthermore, the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor draws one corresponding dynamic deformation of the sidewalls, so that Attached devices are torn from the brackets and uncontrolled by the Interior fly. Technically optimal would therefore be a protective measure against such Mine loads, the dynamic deflection of the vehicle floor and thus Also, the load on the side walls prevented or at least strong enough limited.

In US 4,404,889 is a composite armor for armored vehicles and specifically described for the vehicle floor, which consists essentially of seven layers and five basic materials: an external armor steel plate, a honeycomb structure, a thin steel foil, a ballistic protective layer of Kevlar, one second thin steel foil, balsa wood and an inner armor steel plate. The Honeycomb structure can be filled with materials that additionally the Increase absorption capacity against the blast effect. The balsa wood is added the dynamic deflection of the composite structure as a result of the blast effect compressed and thus creates a deformation space for the upstream ballistic Kevlar protective layer.

In DE 197 34 950 C2 is a mine protection device of a layer structure described whose main component is a structural element plate, in conjunction with the other metallic and nonmetallic layers is capable of the dynamic deflection of a vehicle floor and its plastic deformation too reduce.

By DE 29 34 050 A1 is a composite panel for armoring of vehicle interiors known, consisting of a structure of two armor steel plates and a filling layer made of hard foam or wood and intermediate layers of GRP is formed.

A multilayer structure is also disclosed in DE-OS 22 01 637, in which between steel layers a composite of steel fiber fleece and polyurethane foam located. The steel fibers can also be used in various other plastics or copolymers embedded.

As state of the art, it can therefore be assumed that sandwich structures consist of very different types Materials and in a variety of arrangements are known. Indeed These arrangements relate solely to the task, the threat to repel by a blast mine or their effect on the armored vehicle minimize.

In contrast, the effect of a likewise widespread type of mines, the so-called flat-charge mine (FL mine) or mines from projectile-forming charges (P charge mine) primarily due to the high breakdown power of a blast-formed Projectile, which is in the detonation of a mine from the mine deposit forms. This insert consists for example of soft iron or other metallic Materials that allow a pyrotechnic transformation to a projectile. In such FL mines or P-charge mines is the ballistic loading of the vehicle floor locally more pronounced than pure blast mines. The load is in first of all the dimensions, the contour and the impact velocity of the formed projectile determined. Due to the very high projectile speed in the Magnitudes of 1,800 m / s to over 2,000 m / s fail in such threats conventional mine protection arrangements designed only against the blast threat were.

Based on the described prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a polyvalent mine protection arrangement in such a way that the threat of Antitank mines with both blast and projectile effect not only largely is compensated, but that the deformed target area is minimized and both the dynamic deflection and the permanent bulge are minimized.

This object is achieved by a mine protection arrangement having the features of the patent claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

In the development of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention is the inventor of the following considerations.

A polyvalent mine protection must basically combine two characteristics: the through Blast waves caused energy or momentum transfer into the vehicle structure as much as possible, i. Compensate structurally and the breakdown capability to intercept a projectile formed from the P-charge insert. It is Of course, also in mine protection assume that both the energy conservation law as well as the pulse conservation law remain valid.

The above requirements are basically homogeneous plates with ideal elastic plastic To perform behavior, i. a growing mine threat would have only face an increasing plate thickness (mass) or structural strength. The lack of ideally behaving materials and the limited provision of Ground in the case of restricted depth on the part of the vehicle to be protected technically / physically more powerful solutions, especially in the polyvalent Mine protection due to the different types of threat control presuppose complex end-ballistic connections. This must also be considered be that for homogeneous sheets, the disk-like load on P-charges too so-called punching punch leads, which not only an energetically favorable Panzerdurchschlag but in principle also associated with very large variations are. Thus, the actually required thickness would be nachzuschalten a security mass. Since the penetration depth or penetration depth with the impact energy of Threat rises at least linearly, divide homogeneous solutions according to the above considerations. At the same time, there is the range of possible threats arbitrarily large. A polyvalent mine protection must therefore also be largely independent of individual threat-specific parameters. Last but not least, such a Mine protection also affordable, i. generally and as system-independent as possible be usable.

Due to the mass and thickness limitation must be a powerful mine protection So have a homogeneous plate superior dynamic structural behavior and at the same time reduce the end ballistic penetration power compared to armor steel. It is true that in the past few years defense against KE penetrators has been relative high mass factors (quotient of the impacted equivalent armor steel mass to scored mass of the considered target) on the order of 2 scored but limited to the end-ballistic performance of projectile-forming Mines can be transferred. On the other side it is here to extremely short (disc-like) penetrators, in particular because of their high Impact velocity generate large-scale dynamic peak loads. It applies that is to withdraw speed from the impinging P-charge projectile and at the same time increase the applied area as quickly as possible. Furthermore, the should counteracting force remain as long as possible to the energy-absorbing To optimize the effect and to extend the momentum transfer time. And all this on the condition of the lowest possible dynamic as well plastic bulge on the inside of the vehicle to be protected. The latter requirement So, in addition to the physical / technical processes described above, too still a high back protection effect or structural strength ahead.

Thus, the in the construction of a polyvalent mine protection to be considered Defined criteria. The present invention sets these considerations in terms of technology particularly effective way, by describing the individual described above Protection criteria basically assigns three levels of effect or functional layers, the are optimally adapted to the respective technical specifications.

When loading a vehicle floor by the blast of an explosive charge or through the projectile of a flat charge mine, as stated above, the inertia of the primarily loaded or dynamically connected structural parts, the reproduction of the Shock or shock load, the plastic working capacity of the individual protective components, the work path (the deflection) of the vehicle floor due to high dynamics of movement and permanent plastic deformation determining parameters.

According to the above considerations, when initiating dynamic loading or Immediately after the impact on both blast and P charge mines Active components of the mine (the impinging plate at P-charge mines) basically as large a mass as possible either over a corresponding density or oppose a sufficient thickness of the initially applied material layer.

Furthermore, the dynamic connection of the following masses or layers is to be considered, which usually takes place with the corresponding wave propagation speed of the materials involved. A key role in the transmission of stress by means of shock waves is played here by the so-called acoustic impedance, the product ρ × c, with ρ as the density of the materials involved and c as the sound propagation velocity. In this case, the quotient (ρ ₁ × c ₁ / ρ ₂ × c ₂ ) provides information about the proportion of energy passed on or reflected between two layers 1 and 2.

After the momentum conservation theorem can therefore be made with a mine plate made of steel with a certain thickness by means of an abrasion layer (first functional layer or foremost Mine guard) made of steel with the same thickness, the speed is roughly halved be, for example, from 2,000 m / s to 1,000 m / s. Because the penetration processes are to be stretched over time and that the largest possible basis weight is dynamically switched on, However, the thickness ratio of the first functional layer / impacting mortar should be be greater than 1, so preferably due to vehicle-specific specifications between 1 and 3 lie. This will change the speed of the mine projectile now coming from and the cumulative projectile formed with the accelerated mass of the first functional layer reduced in the same proportion.

Plastic work (internal friction) can be achieved either by a homogeneous component, e.g. a thick plate with sufficient dynamic plastic behavior, be made or by constructive measures. Furthermore, plastic work by means of a Layer structure with delaminierenden components or by means of introduced deformation body or cavities. These processes become the central one assigned to the second functional layer. In it is the one of the upstream first Functional layer redesigned projectile intercepted and thereby introduced the energy dissipates or the pulse is distributed over time. In this way, the subsequent Support plane (third functional layer) - possibly in conjunction with the vehicle floor - absorb the remaining deformation energy.

At the intercepting path or the loaded target depth, the time and the masseminimized, i.e. Power-optimized use of the materials involved plays the decisive role. Therefore In mine protection, fiber-reinforced materials are frequently used, especially against P-charge mines used. However, it should be noted that such Fabrics as well as polymeric materials at high loading speeds can behave very hard Dynamic hard substances usually undergo one more extensive destruction than, for example, homogeneous sheet steel made from armored steel (cf, however, see the above Remarks on homogeneous mine protection structures).

The polyvalent mine protection arrangement according to the invention can be connected to the vehicle stationary, as a so-called integrated solution to be connected. Alternatively, it can also be called be adapted adaptable mine protection, the first when needed on a vehicle is attached. This offers the advantage of having vehicle and mine protection arrangement logistically separated can be treated and the vehicles only when used in equipped with a mine protection area become. Such a modular, adaptive design also allows a short-term Adaptation to changing requirements or new technical developments. Of the However, mine protection according to the invention may also consist of a mixed arrangement, i. an externally adapted and at the same time integrated into the inner vehicle structure Arrangement exist, in particular to the conditions of a given Vehicle construction or possibly required retrofitting measures to existing ones Vehicles to meet.

Figur 1

einen schematisierten Gesamtüberblick;

Figur 2

einen Schnitt durch eine grundsätzliche Minenschutzanordnung gemäß der Erfindung;

Figur 3

die Funktionsweise der polyvalenten Minenschutzanordnung;

Figur 4

einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung als adaptierte Anordnung;

Figur

5 einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung als integriert/adaptierte Anordnung;

Figur 6

einen Schnitt durch eine Minenschutzanordnung mit dem Fahrzeugwannenboden als dritter Funktionsschicht;

Figur 7

einen Schnitt durch eine aufgespaltete Minenschutzanordnung.

Further details are included in the following description of the drawings, which illustrate examples of the invention. The figures show only the essential features of the invention. They are therefore drawn in a greatly simplified form. Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic overview;

FIG. 2

a section through a basic mine protection arrangement according to the invention;

FIG. 3

the operation of the polyvalent mine protection system;

FIG. 4

a section through a mine protection arrangement as an adapted arrangement;

figure

5 shows a section through a mine protection arrangement as integrated / adapted arrangement;

FIG. 6

a section through a mine protection arrangement with the vehicle tub bottom as a third functional layer;

FIG. 7

a section through a split mine protection arrangement.

Figure 1 shows a greatly simplified construction of the mine protection with the corresponding Threats. Shown is a vehicle floor 1 as an example of one of Threat of the mines facing wall of an object to be protected, with an upstream mine protection arrangement 2. This is by the blast wave. 5 and / or the P-charge projectile 6, which from below a surface (ground) 3 lying P-charge or blast threat 4 caused. The arrows 7 and 8 symbolize the spread of the threat 5 or 6.

In Figure 2, the mine protection arrangement according to the invention against both types of threats Blast and P charge mine shown in their basic structure. The first Functional layer 9 on the loading side, i. the outer and thus the mine facing wall of the mine protection arrangement 2 consists for example of a Sheet steel. This first functional layer 9 is at least as to choose as it System specifications for the vehicle floor, for example against stone chipping or abrasion require. Sufficient for this would be wall thicknesses of 4 mm to 6 mm steel armor a hardness of 400 to 500 HB. At the same time, however, the first functional layer fulfills an important function of the protective function of the entire mine protection system Speed reduction (see comments above). Of course For this purpose, other high-strength materials in question. It is however of it Going out that high quality steel armor steel here is the best cost / performance ratio provide. Generally, the first functional layer 9 should be made of a steel armor plate or a high strength metal alloy having a thickness of at least the steel equivalent Thickness of the insert of the projectile-forming mine 4, preferably 4 mm up to 12 mm.

FIG. 3 shows the mode of action of a central second functional layer 10 and of the first and third functional layers 9 and 11 enclosing it (in conjunction with the vehicle floor 1) in the event of a threat by means of a P-charge projectile. By accelerating the plate section 15 of the first functional layer 9 serving as erosion or abrasion layer on the part of the projectile 6, the energy represented by the symbolized movement arrow 8 (FIG. 2) is reduced and at the same time radially expanded (symbolized by the arrows 8A). At the same time, a pressure field (arrows 8B) propagates in the second functional layer 10, which passes on the energy to the radial environment and the subsequent third functional layer 11 (less the energy fraction consumed in the second functional layer 10 at the time considered). According to the principle actio equals reaction , approximately the same retarding forces are exerted on the penetrating bodies. The arrows 16 symbolize the dynamic / mechanical counterforce of the third functional layer 11, possibly reinforced by the supporting force of the bottom 1.

In a further embodiment of a mine protection structure according to the invention For example, the layers 12, 13 between the functional layers 9, 10 and 11 may also be referred to as Glide planes 12A, 13A be formed. Such slip planes or sliding layers are either by simply juxtaposing the layers or by means of introduced, realized a sliding supporting substances.

In the middle second functional layer 10, the actual end ballistic takes place Interception of the P-charge projectile or the blast. It is therefore the central functional layer to consider against the mode of action of the P charge. This second functional layer 10 is made of a material that is plastic under high dynamic load remains mechanically or erosion-capable, so optimal end ballistic protection performance properties having. Such materials may for example be metals or Be metal alloys. You can also use olefins, oils, fats or wax be formed. Due to the described property of this second functional layer 10 and their relatively low density are also thermoplastics or elastomers (e.g., nylon, PC, PE, PP, Teflon, rubbers), fiber reinforced materials or amorphous substances such as e.g. Glass in question. In the last two materials can after projectile load or deceleration by means of decomposition or delamination Energy in the target are reduced (see also the above remark regarding the dynamic hardness of such substances).

In principle, metallic layers are also made of the second functional layer 10 Aluminum or magnesium alloys, soft iron, copper to tantalum suitable. Cast materials can be used for their special properties Damping and sliding behavior also interesting for the second functional layer 10 be. Furthermore, by incorporation of special bodies (e.g. plastic working body) in the materials of the second functional layer 10 the shock-absorbing or Stoßwellendissipierenden properties are still improved. To complete, it should be mentioned that the second functional layer 10 also multilayered and also e.g. from a combination of the ones listed above Materials can be formed.

Between the first and the second functional layer 9 and 10 may be a surface connecting layer 12 are located. This is capable of both the functional layers so to connect that during dynamic deflection these functional layers stay connected to each other, as well as for a damping of Blastwirkung accordingly to provide the above statements and the punching effect of the projectile too prevention. Has been beneficial in terms of adhesion during mine loading proved a rubber layer 12, wherein the connection of the individual functional layers (here 9 and 10) by vulcanization of a special CR rubber. By this surface bonding layer 12 can at high dynamic load large lateral tensile forces due to the deflection of the individual functional layers arise, recorded and thus the target mass laterally dynamically switched. In general, polymeric materials allow as tie layer 12 due to their manifold Recipe properties a high degree of adaptability to the respective Structure. However, other plastics are also suitable for this bonding layer 12 such as. Thermoplastics. It is also conceivable, the connection layer 12 made of thin metallic or non-metallic layers / films that are a particular have favorable impedance behavior.

The second functional layer 10 thus fulfills primarily the task of punching through or Breaking through the mine protection by preventing the FL projectile and the loaded Enlarge area as much as possible. It distributes especially due to their flowability at high dynamic load, i. in the velocity range of the P-charge projectile including accelerated target mass from 1.000 m / s to 500 m / s, the burden on an even bigger area. This is with a further reduction of the penetration rate connected.

After the first and the second functional layer 9 and 10 (with the connecting layers 12 and 13 or 12A and 13A) is a support layer or further energy compensation layer serving third functional layer 11 is arranged (see the above Explanations). Here, the mass, the hardness and the dynamic-mechanical play Characteristics of the material play a crucial role in subsequent bump formation. The third functional layer is preferably made of armored steel or high-strength Metal alloys formed and represents the vehicle-side completion of the invention Mine protection arrangement.

Between the second and the third functional layer 10 and 11, a second Connection layer 13 may be arranged, which has a similar function as the connection layer 12 takes over. This would be required, for example, if the mine protection arrangement is to be produced as an adapted sandwich (bonding layer to the subsequent third functional layer 11). It may turn out to be prove expedient, the two and optionally further Zugflächen connecting layers 12, 13 with different materials and wall thicknesses, depending on whether the Damping or power transmission in the respective connection layer the larger Role is assigned. Furthermore, the interconnection layers 12A and 13A Alternatively, be formed from materials with good sliding properties to the Support dissipation in the functional layer.

Determining the performance of a polyvalent construction of the mine protection system is due to the predetermined load (for example 8 kg TNT equivalent) necessary steel equivalent mass. In this mass, the vehicle-side predetermined Floor structure 1 at least partially contained. Due to experimental Performance values could for mine protection arrangements 2 of the construction according to the invention significant advantages over those used and still in development located, optimized against blast mine protection arrangements. So could in appropriate experiments with externally attached (adapted) mine protection structures both threats with comparable dynamic values for the Deflection and movement of the vehicle floor by a factor of 1.5 to 1.8 lower total protective masses are defended against a pure steel solution.

Also, an increase in the threat of flat-rate mines, for example by performance-enhanced mines of the type TMRP 6 with higher projectile speed leaves itself by a corresponding optimization of the mine protection arrangement according to the invention 2, in particular the second functional layer 10, with a relatively small increase in mass fend off. This is conventional construction methods within the weight limits not to reach armored vehicles.

FIG. 4 shows, in addition to FIG. 2, a section through a to the vehicle floor 1 adapted mine protection arrangement 2. The connection surface 14 between the mine protection arrangement and the vehicle floor 1 can transmit a lateral forces as well Layer or a pure interface between mine protection arrangement and Represent vehicle floor. The functional layers 9-11 shown in FIG. 2 are in FIG arranged in this case in front of the vehicle floor 1. Such an adapted layer structure can be firmly connected to the vehicle floor 1 or on site by simple mechanical center are attached.

Basically, the described according to Figure 4 adapted arrangement by a adapted / integrated arrangement (Figure 5) are replaced, in which a part of the functional layers behind the load side, i. behind the outer vehicle floor 1 inside of the vehicle (integrated) and the remaining part of the functional layers on the outside of the ground of the vehicle 1 (adapted) are mounted. In this case, at least the first should Functional layer (abrasion layer) 9, the connection layer (damping) 12 and the second functional layer 10 mounted outside the vehicle floor 1 and the third Function layer (energy compensation layer 11) downstream of the vehicle floor 1 be. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous when the vehicle floor off Armor steel is relatively thin and above this floor the contribution of the third Function layer 11 can be done easily.

All details shown in the figures and explained in the description are important to the invention. It is a feature of the invention that all described details in any way, simply or repeatedly combined can and therefore each have an individually adapted polyvalent mine protection result.

In FIG. 6, the vehicle floor 1 represents both the support and the energy compensation plane is, so that the third functional layer 11 can be omitted. In this Example is the first functional layer in an outer abrasion layer 9A and a subsequent inner pre-bulkhead 9B split. Such an arrangement can for Improving the co-acceleration of structural elements by providing an early Punching is prevented.

FIG. 7 finally shows a section through a split mine protection arrangement 2, in which between the vehicle floor 1 and the third functional layer (energy compensation layer) 11 a gap 17 as an example of a general intermediate layer, which receives a dynamic buckling of the third functional layer 11 or allows, is located. This example is representative of vehicle-related specifications. Such gaps 17 are to be planned in such a way that the overall function described the mine protection arrangement according to the present invention is not serious is disturbed. If necessary, constructive additional measures must be taken here become.

It is also possible to provide gaps between the functional layers, in which are preferably provided supporting devices or layers / materials, to further improve the performance of the mine protection arrangement.

In all embodiments described above, the mine protection arrangement constructed surface of the invention one or more parts. There is also the possibility of plane constructed from the mine protection arrangement, curved or be formed edged, parallel to the wall or the outer contour of the object run or include with this an angle, and / or with a to form uneven / step-like thickness distribution.

List of terms

1

vehicle floor

2

Mine protection order

3

ground

4

mine threat

5

Blast wave

6

P-charge projectile

7

Propagation direction of the blast wave

8th

Direction of action of the P-charge projectile

8A

Arrows for penetrating P-charge projectile

8B

Arrows for pressure field propagating in 2, due to 8A

9

first functional layer (abrasion layer)

9A

outer abrasion layer

9B

inner bulkhead

10

second functional layer

11

third functional layer (support and energy compensation layer)

12

Layer or area between 9 and 10

12A

Sliding layer between 9 and 10

13

Layer or area between 10 and 11

13A

Sliding layer between 10 and 11

14

Separation area between 1 and 11

15

by 6 accelerated plate segment of 9

16

Arrows symbolizing supporting effect of the vehicle floor opposite 2

17

gap

Claims (16)

Mine protection arrangement (2) consisting of a layered structure of several layers, for protecting an object against a mine threat (4) attached to a threat facing wall (1) of the object,
marked by
a threat facing first functional layer (9) of a steel armor plate or a high-strength metal alloy having a thickness of at least the steel equivalent thickness of the insert of the projectile-forming mine,
a middle second functional layer (10) made of a material which remains plastically flowable or mechanically erosionable under dynamic load, and
a subsequent third functional layer (11) of a steel armor plate or a steel equivalent arrangement of different materials of such thickness that the third functional layer (11) together with the wall (1) of the object has a steel equivalent thickness of at least 25 mm. Mine protection arrangement according to claim 1,
characterized in that the mine protection arrangement (2) with the object to be protected or its wall (1) fixedly connected or integrated. Mine protection arrangement according to claim 1,
characterized in that the mine protection arrangement (2) is at least partially made as a separate component and with the object to be protected or its wall (1) is permanently or detachably connectable. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the complete mine protection arrangement (2) is attached to the threat facing side of the wall (1) or attachable. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that a part (11) of the mine protection arrangement (2) on the side facing away from the threat side of the wall (1) and another part (9, 10) is attached to the threat facing side of the wall (1) or attachable is. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the first, the second and the third functional layer (9, 10, 11) are connected by elastomeric, tensile forces transmitting connecting or damping layers (12) and (13). Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that sliding layers (12A, 13A) are provided between the functional layers (9, 10, 11). Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the second functional layer (10) of metallic materials, fiber reinforced materials, cast metallic materials, elastomeric materials or thermoplastic, liquid or pasty materials or a combination of several of these materials is formed. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that the second functional layer (10) contains shock-absorbing and / or shock-wave-dissipating, hollow or massive bodies. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized
d the first functional layer (9) and the second functional layer (10) are formed on one or more layers. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the third functional layer (11) consists of steel, light metal or another material of high dynamic stiffness. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that between the third functional layer (11) and the wall (1) of the object to be protected, an intermediate layer (17) is provided which receives or permits dynamic buckling of the third functional layer (11). Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that there are intermediate spaces between the functional layers. Mine protection arrangement according to claim 13,
characterized in that supportive devices or layers / materials are provided in the intermediate spaces. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterized in that the surface constructed from the mine protection arrangement (2) is formed in one or more parts. Mine protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15,
characterized in that the surface constructed from the mine protection arrangement (2) is flat, curved or folded, parallel to the wall (1) or the outer contour of the object or encloses an angle therewith, and / or has an unequal / step-like thickness distribution.

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