EP0979895A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Raffinieren von Fasern - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Raffinieren von Fasern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0979895A1
EP0979895A1 EP98202705A EP98202705A EP0979895A1 EP 0979895 A1 EP0979895 A1 EP 0979895A1 EP 98202705 A EP98202705 A EP 98202705A EP 98202705 A EP98202705 A EP 98202705A EP 0979895 A1 EP0979895 A1 EP 0979895A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibre
fibres
shortener
window
reversed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98202705A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anna Petronella Helena Westenbroek
Gerrit Jan Van Roekel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Instituut Voor Agrotechnologisch Onderzoek ATO DLO
Original Assignee
Instituut Voor Agrotechnologisch Onderzoek ATO DLO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Instituut Voor Agrotechnologisch Onderzoek ATO DLO filed Critical Instituut Voor Agrotechnologisch Onderzoek ATO DLO
Priority to EP98202705A priority Critical patent/EP0979895A1/de
Publication of EP0979895A1 publication Critical patent/EP0979895A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/121—Screw constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B30B11/246—Screw constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/16—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device, its use and a method for the cutting of wood and vegetable fibres.
  • the present invention concerns a fibre shortener comprising at least two extrusion screws having each:
  • positive and negative as used here with respect to the rotational direction and pitch directions are intended to indicate opposed directions with respect to each other, positive can thus mean clockwise while negative means anti-clockwise. However positive can just as well mean anti-clockwise while negative means clock-wise.
  • twin screw extruders In the manufacture of mechanical pulps from wood and vegetable fibres extruders of the type having two corotating extrusion screws, so-called twin screw extruders, have been introduced as a process in which several process and impregnation steps can be integrated in one continuous process.
  • a process for the production of chemimechanical pulp including a twin screw extruder is described in US 4,983,256, US 4,088,528, EP 0336842 and in the French patents 2 319 737, 2 436 844, 2 426 769 and 2 618 811.
  • the extruders in those processes have been developed in order to achieve defibrated and fibrillated fibres, using simultaneous impregnation, pulping and washing.
  • the effective parts of twin screw extruders are the so-called reversed screw sections having threads, whose direction of winding is the reverse of the threads undertaking the transfer of the material. These reversed threads reduces the material velocity in this zone and a compression effect upstream.
  • the reversed threads are provided with windows, through which the fibres can eventualy pass forward, resulting in a controlled downstream passage, at least it is believed to be controlled, of the flow of material.
  • the fibres are said to be homogenised, which improves the impregnation of the fibres and a first phase of breaking is attributed to this zone.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fibre shortener allowing the production of fibres with a relatively snail fibre length distribution.
  • this object can be achieved in a surprisingly easy manner by providing a fibre shortener comprising at least two extrusion screws having each:
  • the rectangular cross section of each window has a length extending essentially in radial direction of the respective extrusion screw and has a width extending in a direction essentially transverse to its length. It has been found that such an orientation of the windows on the one hand contributes in minimizing the fibre length distribution, and on the other hand simplifies the manufacturing of the window by for example a milling operation.
  • the width of the cross section of each window is chosen in dependency of the desired fibre length of fibres to be obtained, wherein said width decreases if the desired fibre length decreases. It is however to be noted that the width of said cross-section is not the only parameter influencing the obtained fibre length. Also the type of fibres to be shortened will play a role. Taking into account different types of fibres and different desired fibre lengths, the width of said cross-section will in practice generally lie between about 1 and 25 mm, preferably between about 3 and 20 mm.
  • a reduction of the energy consumed by the rotating extrusion screws is obtained if the passages of the windows (or some of the windows) extend through the respective reversed screw thread along an essentially helical line having positive pitch. This reduction of energy consumed appeared to be possible without significantly changing the obtained fibre length, when considered in the plane defined by the respective reversed screw thread, the width of the window is kept essentially constant.
  • the pitch of the helical line of alignment of the windows will be at least 10 mm, preferably at least 25 mm, and/or smaller than 800 mm, preferably smaller than 350 mm.
  • the reduction of energy consumed becomes remarkable, the absolute value of the pitch of said essentially helical line being larger than the absolute value of the pitch of the reversed screw thread, preferably at least twice as large.
  • a reduction of the energy consumed by the rotating extrusion screws can also be obtained or can be further improved when two or more of said windows are helically aligned with respect to each other, preferably on the same helically line along which, according to an above mentioned preferred embodiment, the passage of the windows extend.
  • the reversed screw section can be provided with a plurality of windows, as further worded in claim 10, and/or each extrusion screw can have three transport sections and two reversal screw sections (claim 11).
  • the invention concerns the use of a fibre shortener according to claims 12 and 13.
  • the invention concerns a method for shortening vegetable fibres or wood fibres into fibres of a desired fibre length, using a fibre shortener, wherein the width of the cross section of the window is chosen in dependence from the desired fibre length.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 show in sideview, topview and endview, respectively, and on schematic manner an embodiment of a fibre shortener according to the present invention.
  • This fibre extruder consists of two extrusion screws 1 and 2, each provided with five intermeshing screw sections. Those screw sections are the transport sections 3, 5 and 7 and the reversed screw sections 4 and 6.
  • the extrusion screws rotate in the same rotational direction, called the positive direction, indicated with arrows 8.
  • the reversed screw sections 4 and 6 are relatively short.
  • the screw threads 4 and 6 evolve over about 2,5 revolutions.
  • the direction in which the reversed screw sections 4 and 6 act is in the opposed direction of that of the transport sections.
  • the reversed screw sections cause a compression of the material present in the space between the transport screw thread and the reversed screw thread.
  • windows 10, at least one per thread revolution are provided in the screw threads 14 and 16 of the reversed screw section.
  • the fibre shortener in essence corresponds to commonly known co-rotating, intermeshing twin screw extruders having reversed screw sections.
  • the present invention itself is, in a manner of speaking, directed to the configuration, shape and/or arrangement of the window(s) in the reversed screw of the reversed screw section(s).
  • the window(s) 10 has (have) an essentially rectangular cross-section (see figure 3) considered in a plane transverse to the rotational axis of the respective extrusion screw.
  • the window(s) 10 has (have) an essentially rectangular cross-section considered in the reference plane defined by the respective reversed screw of the reversed screw section.
  • the axial direction of the extrusion screw itself is indicated with arrow 9, also indicating the transport direction. From figure 4 it will be clear that the passage of window 10 does not extend in axial direction, but under an angle to the axial direction 9. This means that the width P of the passage of the window 10 is smaller than the width W.
  • the passage defined by the window 10 extends in a direction opposite to the pitch direction of the reversed screw thread 16. It could be said that the passage extends along an helical line 21 having a pitch direction opposite to the pitch direction of the reversed screw thread, if slight inaccuracies, for example resulting from forming the window itself along a straight line instead of a helically curved line, are disregarded.
  • twin-screw extruder is especially useful in chemimechanical processing of wood and annual fibres including flax, oilseed flax, hemp, cotton, switch grass, straw and other fibrous crops.
  • the main feature of the mechanical treatment of this process is the ability to process relatively long cellulosic fibres and fibre bundles (of up to 150 cm) to a pulp with a controlled fibre length and narrow fibre length distribution.
  • the invention implies use of reversed screw elements in which windows are made which extend preferably helically. By adjusting the width and direction of the windows vegetable fibres as well as wood fibres can be shortened to controlled lengths.
  • Wood at vegetable fibres are possible raw materials for extrusion pulping.
  • the fibres can be fed dry or pretreated, depending on the extent of defibration or chemical modification required for the application.
  • Screw speed and throughput do not significantly influence the fibre length of the product, but might influence degree of defibration and fibrillation.
  • the heat rate produced by internal friction of the fibres will be higher with a higher throughput, and throughput thus has to be adjusted to the temperature control to be able to keep the material at constant temperature.
  • the load (amperage) of the extruder is restricted to a maximum.
  • both throughput and screw speed have to be adjusted to avoid a load or temperature overflow.
  • Temperature does not influence fibre length distribution but influences the specific energy consumption. A higher temperature results in a lower specific energy consumption.
  • the used width is the width P of the window passage.
  • the width W (figure 4) as projection on the reference plane of the reversed screw thread can be calculated using the following formulas:
  • the extruder screw speed was set to 150 rpm.
  • the extruder was preheated to 100 °C by means of heating elements on the extruder using magnetic induction. During the cutting process the temperature control system was set on 100 °C. By preparing stacks of strips with known weight and feeding them one by one at regular time intervals, a constant feed rate of 40 % dry matter pulp to the extruder was obtained.
  • the extrusion cut pulps and two controls were submitted to the following laboratory evaluation.
  • the samples were soaked in water at room temperature for 4 hours before standard disintegration in a Messmer laboratory disintegrator at 75,000 revolutions at room temperature.
  • the fibre length distribution of the disintegrated samples were tested on Kajaani FS-200 fibre length distribution.
  • the results of the first four experiments are shown in table 1.
  • the reversed elements with the reversed helical windows did hardly allow the fibres to pass through, resulting in a very high power consumption.
  • a weight average fibre length of 0.65 mm was obtained.
  • Northern bleached softwood kraft pulp sheets were sliced into strips of 4 cm wide and 30 cm long to allow manual feeding to the cutting extruder Clextral BC45. The strips were soaked in drinking water to a dry matter content of 40 ww%.
  • the screw configuration at each experiment consisted of transport screws and one reversed screw element with a pitch of 25 mm, containing helical windows with positive pitch of 69 mm. The width of the window passage was changed after each experiment:
  • the extruder screw speed was set to 150 rpm.
  • the extruder was preheated to 100 °C by means of heating elements on the extruder using magnetic induction. During the cutting process the temperature control system was set on 100 °C. By preparing stacks of strips with known weight and feeding them one by one at regular time intervals, a constant feed rate of 40 % dry matter pulp to the extruder was obtained.
  • the system was allowed to stabilise for a few minutes until the motor power consumption, evaluated by on-line data-acquisition, remained constant, so a constant flow of pulp would reach the RSE-element.
  • the average pulp throughput is measured by weighing the product after a known processing time.
  • the dry matter content of the pulp is determined at 105 °C for 16 hours.
  • the specific power consumption is calculated from the dry matter throughput and the motor power, adjusted for the motor power with transport screws only.
  • the extrusion cut pulps were submitted to the following laboratory evaluation.
  • the samples were soaked in water at room temperature for 4 hours before standard disintegration in a Messmer laboratory disintegrator at 75,000 revolutions at room temperature.
  • the disintegrated samples were tested on Kajaani FS-200 fibre length distribution. The results of the experiments are shown in figure 8 and 9.
  • the initial weight average fibre length was 2.57 mm.
  • Flax was extracted from a 1994 batch of dew-retted flax lints.
  • Hemp fibre was extracted from a batch of untreated, dried stalks of variety Futura 96 of harvest 1996.
  • the bast fibres are guillotine cut to a length of 9.5 mm.
  • the fibres were impregnated with a sodium hydroxide solution. The impregnation is carried out overnight (16 hours) at room temperature. After the impregnation the liquid was allowed to drain through a perforated screen for 30 minutes. After draining the impregnated fibres were preheated with saturated steam at atmospheric pressure.
  • the pulps are extruded in one or two passes.
  • the impregnated, preheated fibres were introduced into a modified Clextral BC45 extruder manually.
  • Different screw configurations were used to obtain different cutting degrees under different power consumption (table 2 and 3).
  • the system was allowed to stabilise for a few minutes until the motor power consumption, evaluated by on-line data-acquisition, remained constant, so a constant flow of pulp would reach the reversed elements.
  • the pulp mass output was recorded every 30 seconds together with the motor power, thus giving an almost continuously reading of the specific energy consumption of the pulp. For all trials we virtually divided the extruder in three successive sections.
  • the first section consists of the inlet of the extruder, transport screws (TZ) and a reversed screw element (RSE) to defibrate and cut the fibres. Upstream of the reversed screw element (RSE1) an outlet for excess water is placed.
  • the second section consists of a steam inlet, transport screws (TZ2), a reversed element (RSE2) and a filter. The filter is placed downstream from the reversed screw element (RSE2) to remove excess water.
  • the third section consists of transport screws (TZ3) and a reversed element (RSE3). At the end of the third section self-wiping (SW) screws transport the pulp to the outlet of the extruder.
  • the used reversed elements are given in table 2.
  • the extruder screw speed was set to 150 rpm.
  • the extruder was preheated to 100 °C by means of heating elements on the extruder using magnetic induction. During the cutting process the temperature control system was set on 100 °C.
  • the extruded fibres were submitted to the following laboratory evaluation.
  • the pulps were desintegrated in a valley beater during 30 minutes.
  • the disintegrated samples were tested for beating degree using ISO standard 5267.
  • Handsheets were formed using a 'l homargy sheetformer and pressed twice at 4 bar for 5 minutes. The sheets were conditioned and tested at 23 °C, 50% RH.
  • the tear strength is determined according to ISO 1974: 1974(z).
  • Flax was taken from a 1994 batch of dew-retted flax lints. For the extrusion trials the lints were used at their full length. Prior to extrusion pulping the bast fibres were impregnated by immersion for 2 hours in a sodium hydroxide solution. After impregnation the liquid was allowed to drain through a perforated screen for 30 minutes. After draining the impregnated fibres were preheated with saturated steam at atmospheric pressure.
  • the impregnated, preheated fibres were introduced into a modified Clextral BC45 pulping extruder manually. Each sample was passed through one single run, with one reversed element fitted in the screw configuration. Different window widths were used to obtain different cutting degrees.
  • the used reversed elements are given in table 4.
  • the pitch of each window passage was 69 mm.
  • the system was allowed to stabilise for a few minutes until the motor power consumption, evaluated by on-line data-acquisition, remained constant, so a constant flow of pulp would reach the reversed elements.
  • the pulp mass output was continuously recorded together with the motor power, thus giving a continuous reading of the specific energy consumption of the pulp.
  • the average pulp throughput is measured by weighing the product after a known processing time.
  • the power consumption and degree of beating show a clear increase with decreasing window width.
  • the tear strength shows a high level due to the high fibre length of the pulps, but decreases with the tightening of the window width of the reversed elements and increased power input.
  • a smaller window of the reversed element results in a higher power consumption and a lower average fibre length.
  • Hemp bast fibres are cut to 6 mm. Prior to extrusion pulping the bast fibres were impregnated by immersion for 16 hours in a sodium hydroxide solution. After impregnation the liquid was allowed to drain through a perforated screen for 30 minutes. After draining the impregnated chips were preheated with saturated steam at atmospheric pressure.
  • the tear strength depends on the average fibre length and on the degree of fibrillation. A smaller window width results in a higher compression of the fibre mat, which results in a higher degree of fibrillation. The tear strength however decreases with decreasing width of the window passage, suggesting a smaller average fibre length.
  • the impregnated fibres were manually introduced into a modified Clextral BC45 pulping extruder. Each sample was passed through one single run, with one reversed element fitted in the screw configuration. Different window widths were used to obtain different cutting degrees.
  • the used reversed elements are given in table 5.
  • the pitch of the windows is 69 mm.
  • the fibre length distribution of the samples was analysed with computer image analysis, according to the following procedure:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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EP98202705A 1998-08-12 1998-08-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Raffinieren von Fasern Withdrawn EP0979895A1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011055148A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-12 Interface International B.V. Apparatus and method for the processing of cellulose fibres
EP2420616A1 (de) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-22 Kronotec AG Verfahren und Anlage zur Aufbereitung von Holz für die Herstellung mitteldichter Faserplatten
US8449720B2 (en) 2009-06-18 2013-05-28 Stora Enso Oyj Method of making paper
US9988763B2 (en) 2014-11-12 2018-06-05 First Quality Tissue, Llc Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same
US9995005B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2018-06-12 First Quality Tissue, Llc Soft through air dried tissue
US10099425B2 (en) 2014-12-05 2018-10-16 Structured I, Llc Manufacturing process for papermaking belts using 3D printing technology
CN108867137A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-23 天津科技大学 一种销钉机筒单螺杆磨浆机
US10208426B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-02-19 Structured I, Llc Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine
US10273635B2 (en) 2014-11-24 2019-04-30 First Quality Tissue, Llc Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing
US10301779B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-28 First Quality Tissue, Llc Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same
US10422082B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2019-09-24 Structured I, Llc Method of producing absorbent structures with high wet strength, absorbency, and softness
US10422078B2 (en) 2016-09-12 2019-09-24 Structured I, Llc Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire
US10538882B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-01-21 Structured I, Llc Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions
US10544547B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-01-28 First Quality Tissue, Llc Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions
US10619309B2 (en) 2017-08-23 2020-04-14 Structured I, Llc Tissue product made using laser engraved structuring belt
US11220394B2 (en) 2015-10-14 2022-01-11 First Quality Tissue, Llc Bundled product and system
CN114055664A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-18 株式会社新城技术 螺杆式脱水挤出机
US11391000B2 (en) 2014-05-16 2022-07-19 First Quality Tissue, Llc Flushable wipe and method of forming the same
US11505898B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2022-11-22 First Quality Tissue Se, Llc Laminated paper machine clothing
US11583489B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2023-02-21 First Quality Tissue, Llc Flushable wipe and method of forming the same
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088528A (en) * 1975-07-31 1978-05-09 Pierre Berger Method and apparatus for grinding chips into paper pulp
EP0017544A1 (de) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-15 Creusot-Loire Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Papierpulpe
EP0070782A1 (de) * 1981-07-20 1983-01-26 Clextral Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Cellulosefaserstoffbreis für nicht papierähnliche Anwendungen
US4983256A (en) * 1988-04-06 1991-01-08 Clextral Method for the manufacture of a paper pulp for currency use

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088528A (en) * 1975-07-31 1978-05-09 Pierre Berger Method and apparatus for grinding chips into paper pulp
EP0017544A1 (de) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-15 Creusot-Loire Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Papierpulpe
EP0070782A1 (de) * 1981-07-20 1983-01-26 Clextral Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Cellulosefaserstoffbreis für nicht papierähnliche Anwendungen
US4983256A (en) * 1988-04-06 1991-01-08 Clextral Method for the manufacture of a paper pulp for currency use

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WO2011055148A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-12 Interface International B.V. Apparatus and method for the processing of cellulose fibres
US8752776B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2014-06-17 Basf Se Apparatus and method for the processing of cellulose fibres
EP2420616A1 (de) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-22 Kronotec AG Verfahren und Anlage zur Aufbereitung von Holz für die Herstellung mitteldichter Faserplatten
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US11913170B2 (en) 2016-09-12 2024-02-27 Structured I, Llc Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire
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CN108867137A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-23 天津科技大学 一种销钉机筒单螺杆磨浆机
CN114055664A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-18 株式会社新城技术 螺杆式脱水挤出机

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