EP0860638B1 - Device and process of laying ceramic tubes without excavation - Google Patents

Abstract

The device comprises a drill bar (14) with a retractable head (16) and central holding shaft (18) aligned with the drill bar and to which a counter pressure plate (32) is fixed. A number of centering devices (22) extend radially outwards from the holding shaft (18). The holding shaft comprises different individual segments (18a,18b), which are connectable to one another by threads (20) or pin connections. The outer diameter of the retractable head (16) is equal to the outer diameter of the pipe (24) to be retracted or larger than it. On one individual segment of the holding shaft centering devices (22) are located in at least two positions axially spaced apart. Each centering device comprises a number of regulatable hydraulic cylinders which extend radially outwards from the holding shaft and can be regulated individually. The centering devices incorporate a number of leaf springs extending radially outwards from the holding shaft and having a curved shape.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a device and a method for trenchless laying of stoneware pipes.

In addition to stoneware pipes, they come in the same way device according to the invention and the invention Process for laying pipes made of asbestos cement, metal or Cast materials, glass fiber reinforced plastic, concrete or ceramic materials in question, but are set out below Pipes made of the different materials mentioned can be summarized under the term stoneware pipes.

State of the art

The laying of stoneware pipes is part of the state of the art With the help of press drilling. Come here Screw conveyors and flushing conveyors as Jacking devices for use.

There are essentially two in the prior art different laying methods applied. The first The procedure is uncontrolled laying by means of Horizontal pressing device, can be coupled to one another with steel pipes be advanced with the help of a press station. This Propulsion occurs with simultaneous removal of the soil on the Face and mechanical conveyance of the drilling material with Screw conveyors, the drive of the drill head in Starting shaft or in the starting pit. At arrival of the recoverable steel pipes in the target shaft is attached to the last installed steel pipe using a suitable Coupled with a stoneware jacking pipe and advanced. In this way, the Steel pipes pushed out in the target pit and again removed, the outer diameter of the steel pipes The outer diameter of the stoneware jacking pipes must correspond.

Another process is the pilot pipe jacking process, in contrast to the uncontrolled one described above Procedure, an additional work step is preceded, to get control. Here, the Starting shaft or the starting pit pilot linkage made of steel can be coupled into the ground driven by displacement. The pilot linkage is inside hollow. A measurement is carried out in the system axis using Theodolite or laser and changes in direction are caused by Rotation of the pilot line made from the starting shaft. After arrival of the pilot tip in the target shaft or the The target pit will be built using a transition piece recoverable steel pipes coupled and the above at Uncontrolled procedure described workflow repeated.

In the specialist book "Line tunnel construction: relocation and Renewal of non-accessible supply and disposal lines in closed construction ", D. Stein, K. Möllers, R. Bielecki, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1988/92 is the shield tunneling method described. In the shield tunneling method, the one on the Soil excavated soil hydraulically removed and reached via entry openings in the drill head into one through this and an adjoining suspension chamber bounded by a bulkhead.

Starting from a starting pit, in which there is a Press station, the drill head is in the direction of a Target excavation moves and with increasing advance of the Each of the pipes to be laid from above into the Starting pit and placed in the press station. Between the newly inserted product pipe and that already in one all or part of the previous step in the Bore pressed tube becomes a power transmission as well sealing steel ring inserted and under the actuation a press ram the newly inserted pipe in conjunction with the pipe already on the bore or the one already on the bore in the direction of movement of the Pushed the drill head. The one between the jacking pipes located pipe connection must not over the contour of the Pipe strand protrude and has the task during the Jacking longitudinal forces from the jacking and transverse Forces from tax movements if necessary simultaneous sealing against the penetration of support and Absorb lubricant. In addition, the pipeline be permanently sealed, especially when Groundwater from outside and against compressed air from inside and inside Operating state for the intended service life Water pressure from outside and inside.

The basic principle of this known press drilling method lies So in that using a press station, the pipes inserted into the soil structure widened by the drill head become.

With the help of such jacking processes, product pipes can with nominal diameters DN 250 to DN 1000 in jacking lengths up to 150 m more can be installed.

Because of the pipe connection from a precisely fitting, relative stiff coupling sleeve must have stoneware pipes with a very high accuracy in terms of axial alignment be relocated, otherwise there is a risk of damage to the Stoneware pipes, but also an insufficient seal exists between the individual tubes.

US 5,403,122 describes a device for laying Drain pipes with a pull rod with a cutting head is pulled through an existing pipeline. A new one tube to be drawn in is provided with a guide device fed that to be fed on the front of the new Pipe is attached and against the inner wall of the old one Rohres presses. The pull rod is with a pull element, for example, a chain connected to the Bottom linkage is aligned and on a counter pressure plate Holding the pipe segments to be retracted is attached. US 5,403,122 represents the closest prior art represents.

Presentation of the invention

The invention has for its object a device and a method for trenchless laying of Propose stoneware pipes where no use additional, complex auxiliary devices stoneware pipes can be relocated.

This task is accomplished by a device with the features of claim 1 solved. The procedure using the device according to the invention is characterized by the features of Claim 10 described.

The invention is based on the idea of a device as well as to create a process that is the retraction of Allow stoneware pipes into a hole. This can lead to one of the high equipment costs of a press station for There is no need to insert the stoneware pipes; to the other suitable precautions are taken to ensure the most exact possible axial alignment of the retracted stoneware pipes with the To reach drill pipe.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized by other claims marked.

According to a preferred embodiment, there is Holding axis from different individual segments. This leaves between the retraction head and the counter pressure plate holding axis to the total length of the between adjust these two components stoneware pipes and also as part of a continuous drilling operation Gradually extend the holding axis in the starting pit and at the same time a new pipe to be drawn in over the Arrange the holding axis.

According to a preferred embodiment, the individual segments the holding axis by thread or connector with each other connectable. The provision of threads or connectors is a very simple and convenient way to get the to connect individual segments of the holding axis with each other.

The outer diameter of the retracting head is preferably the same the outside diameter of the pipe to be drawn in or larger than the outside diameter of the pipe to be drawn in. this causes firstly, the lowest possible energy consumption of the whole Laying process, since the retracting head that has the task widen the hole, this only on the Expanded outside diameter of the product pipes to be drawn in. In addition, there is a good investment for the person to be moved in Stoneware pipe with the walls of the bore, thereby the exact axial alignment of the stoneware pipes to be laid is supported.

The holding axis is preferably on a single segment each at at least two axially spaced positions Centering devices arranged. By providing several, axially spaced centering devices can be Stoneware pipe to be pulled in with great accuracy align, because several in the longitudinal extension of the tube Bases are provided.

In a preferred embodiment, each comprises Centering device each have a plurality of controllable Hydraulic cylinders that extend radially from the holding axis extend outside and are individually adjustable. The provision of adjustable hydraulic cylinders represents a very accurate and is an option that can be checked from the outside at any time in order to stoneware pipes to be pulled in exactly concentric to the longitudinal axis align the support axis.

According to an alternative, preferred embodiment the centering devices each have a plurality of Leaf springs extending radially outward from the support axis extend and have an arch. Such curved Leaf springs are able to deviate from those to be retracted Stoneware pipes can be flexibly picked up from the desired position and put them back in the exact, desired position due.

According to a further alternative embodiment, the Centering device with a swash plate Neigungsmeßvorrichtung. This technique of using one Swashplate is known from deep drilling technology and is used in applied analogously. If the Stoneware pipe adjusts the swashplate by itself back into the desired position.

According to a further alternative embodiment, the Centering device a plurality of steel arches, which extend radially outward in the form of elongated spreader arms extend. Such steel arches used in drilling technology referred to as external expanders also meet the desired functions of the dosed recording of Displacements of the stoneware pipes and the targeted Return to the desired position.

By preferably a swivel between the drill pipe and Is arranged, the stoneware pipes rotate when Do not move in and can also without interrupting the Feed the holding axis by attaching another one Segments are extended.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention The movement of the drill head is carried out by a process Autopilot device controlled with fuzzy logic control. By such a very responsive and highly precise You can already control the movement of the drill head slightest deviations from the desired straight line Recognize the drilling process and an undesirable deviation be counteracted. This allows a possible one Correct drifting of the drill head immediately and through the exact adherence to the specified course of the retraction lighten rigid pipes. Lastly, through the exact Moving the drill uses a rigid drill pipe become.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the concentric alignment of the pipes to be laid Holding axis through the targeted activation of hydraulic cylinders running, extending radially outward from the holding axis extend and with the inner wall of the pipe to be laid in Are in contact. This allows one from the outside at any time controllable the exact position of the Bring and maintain laying pipes.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method at the same time as pulling in a pull-in head originally laid pipeline from the bore pushed out. This can be done in one Work step through a defective pipeline, for example replace another pipe or an existing one Replace the pipe with a larger one.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist; und

Fig. 2a und 2b

schematische Darstellungen von Dichtringen zwischen aneinandergrenzenden Steinzeugrohren zeigen.

The invention is described below purely by way of example with reference to the attached figures, in which:

Fig. 1

is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention; and

2a and 2b

show schematic representations of sealing rings between adjacent stoneware pipes.

Description of an embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through the device according to the invention, generally with reference number 10 is designated. Along a given, straight line Path course, which is characterized by the axial direction 12 a hole is drilled in the ground, the Drilling in direction of arrow A is carried out. Usually the hole between a starting pit and the Target excavation carried out. The hole is made with a torsionally rigid drill pipe as well as with a perfect course-controlled drilling head (not shown) carried out, the drilling operation using a fuzzy logic control is controlled automatically. This allows a very high Accuracy of the path of the drill head along the axis 12 by drifting the drill head immediately is corrected. As stoneware pipes are very rigid Pipes, is the exact straight driving of the drill head from of great importance.

After the drill head has reached the target pit, the Device 10 shown in Fig. 1 fixed to the drill string 14 attached and into the hole created by the drill head moved in. In the case of a very high expansion required the hole can before attaching the device 10 on Drill pipe also in one or more intermediate steps Expanders are moved through the hole. The Device 10 initially consists of a retracting head 16 which is preferably designed as an expanding head to the generated Bore to the desired nominal size of the to be drawn in Expand the stoneware pipeline. Between the drill string 14 and the retraction head 16 is preferably an angle of rotation (not shown) arranged so that when moving the Device 10 in the direction of arrow A the retractable head 16 as well the following, as described below Components as well as the stoneware pipe to be pulled in rotate.

On the retraction head 16, a holding axis 18 is attached, the Holding axis 18 is arranged so that it with the drill string 14 is aligned and therefore the axis of rotation of the holding axis 18 the axis of rotation 12 of the drill string 14 coincides. The Retaining axis 18 is preferably made up of several individual segments constructed, only two individual segments 18a in FIG and 18b. The individual segments of the Retaining axis are preferably with a conical thread 20 screwed together so that during the movement of the Drill pipe 14 from the starting pit to the target pit each with progressive movement of the device 10 individual segments of the holding axis 18 each in the Starting pit attached to the existing segments can be.

Centering devices 22 are located on the holding axes 18, with the help of the stoneware pipes to be drawn in 24 so be positioned so that they are in the desired position are concentric to axis 12. The schematic in Fig. 1 Centering devices 22 shown consist of several extending radially outward from the holding axis Individual elements that with the inner surface 26 of the Stoneware pipes 24 come into contact. They preferably have individual segments of the holding axis 18 a length of 2 to 3 m and are in different axial positions of each segment 18a, 18b of the holding axis at least two centering devices 22 attached.

The centering devices can be regulated Hydraulic cylinders exist with a suitable sensor system are provided and depending on the location of the area a centering device arranged tube 24 thereof Ensure concentric position to axis 12. This can the position of each pipe is determined by suitable sensors be generated by the various sensors Information of a central evaluation and control unit are fed and then the position of the Hydraulic cylinders are controlled so that in the event of a Deviation of the position of the tube 24 from the desired predetermined position a suitable correction movement starts. Providing at least two Has centering devices 23 per segment of the holding axis the advantage that the provision of multiple touch or support points between the centering devices 22 and the tube 24 can determine its position more precisely.

Alternatively, the centering devices can be in the form of Leaf spring steels are running that are fixed to the circumference of the Retaining axis 18 are attached and radially outward extend, the leaf spring steels preferably one Have bow. The provision of leaf spring steels serves on the one hand slight movements of the pipes 24 to be drawn in to record, on the other hand by the increased force absorption of the In the event of a high bend, leaf spring steels the tubes 24 back to the desired position. Instead of Leaf spring steels can also use round spring steel arches that, for example, from about 10 cm wide, adjacent metal strips are executed. Of a resilient centering device can also be used Application that are similar to those in drilling technology used external expander brackets from elongated arms consists.

Alternatively, the centering device can also be a Grip swashplate with inclinometer. This out the centering device known in civil engineering can Horizontal drilling technology can be applied in an analogous manner. at adjusted a displacement of the stoneware pipe to be retracted the swashplate automatically returns to the desired one Position on.

As stated above, the Centering devices 22 in contact with the inner lateral surface 26 the pipes 24, which are used as stoneware pipes, but also concrete pipes, Hard plastic tubes or ceramic tubes can be executed. As Hard plastic tubes can be commercially available, for example Pipes made of glass fiber materials, carbon fibers or kevlar fibers come into use; but it can also be metal pipes and Cast iron pipes are used. Finally, in some special areas also cement pipes with asbestos reinforcement used, which are also for use in the Device 10 are suitable.

The tubes used have a preferred nominal diameter between 200 and 300 mm, the wall thickness being approx. 10% of the Corresponds to the nominal diameter. In the case of using For reasons of strength, concrete pipes have a higher wall thickness.

The retraction head 16 has an outer diameter that is approximately corresponds to the outer diameter of the tubes 24, the Outside diameter of the retraction head preferably about 1% - 20% is larger than the outside diameter of the pipe to be drawn in 24. The retractable head can be designed so that it directly tube 24a abutting the pull-in head 16 with a sleeve 28 surrounds. In the area of the sleeve 28 there is a seal between the stoneware pipe 24a and the pull-in head 16, to prevent solids or liquids from entering the To prevent pipe.

There is one between the individual stoneware pipes rigid socket connection in the form of a steel ring is executed, which has a thickness of about 10 mm. The Steel ring 30 will be discussed in more detail later with reference to FIG. 2 to be discribed. At the end of the holding axis 18, i.e. on that Retraction head 16 remote end of the farthest from Retraction head 16 of removed segment 18b of the holding axis is one Backing plate 32 attached, due to the geometrical fixed position with respect to the retraction head 16 by the Bore is moved and that between the retracting head and the pressure plate 32 arranged tubes 24 firmly clamped.

Although the pressure plate 32 is shown in FIG. 1, that it has an outer ring flange 34, the adjacent tube 24b encloses, it is of course in the same way possible that the pressure plate 32 on the in Fig. 1st shown paragraph 36 of the tube 24 b attacks. Also the Counter pressure plate 32 is a rotationally symmetrical body trained and the geometry of the backing plate on the Dimensions and possibly the shape of the Laying stoneware pipes 24 matched.

2a shows a sealing ring 30 between the stoneware pipes 24a and 24b. The feed direction when pressing in again represented by the arrow direction A. The coupling between the two stoneware pipes consists of a ring Rubber elastomer 40 having an annular support body 42 made of perforated sheet steel. Depending on the A nominal diameter of the stoneware pipes cannot either Intermediate joint shown as a ring made of pressed wood additionally be present. The sealing surfaces of the pipes are open the geometry of the sealing ring used is precisely tailored milled and the end faces of the tubes cut parallel.

2b shows a further variant of a sealing ring with a steel sleeve. The steel sleeve is there preferably made of V4A stainless steel (steel material 1.4571) and has a pressure transmission ring that is already in the Stainless steel cuff is integrated. In addition to the 2a shown millings of the tubes near the end faces are the stoneware pipes 24a and 24b shown in Fig. 2b additionally each provided with an annular groove 44, in which is inserted a profile ring 46. In addition, in Fig. 2b an intermediate layer 48 in the form of a particle board shown. In this embodiment, the tube and Seal a unit and thus ensure a high Strength, corrosion resistance and tightness of the Pipe connection.

During operation of the device 10 according to the invention the retraction head when reaching the drilling head of the target pit 16 attached to the start pit on the drill pipe 14 and on the pull-in head 16 a first segment 18a of the holding axis 18 attached with centering devices 22 attached thereto and the first stoneware pipe 24a to be drawn in over the Centering devices 22 pushed. In the case of a very high, The required expansion of the hole can initially not be a one or more expansion heads connected to the device 10 Expanding heads with graduated dimensions through the hole be drawn before the retractor head 16 is used arrives. As already from the described procedure can be seen, the individual segments of the holding axis 18 the same length as the pipes to be pulled in Consideration of the steel ring 30 in between have so that after attaching the pressure plate 32 on first segment 18a of the holding axis and after a subsequent one Retracting movement of the drill pipe in the direction of the Target pit of the retractable head 16 with the rigidly attached to it fixed, first stoneware pipe 24a can be drawn. If that corresponds to the length of the first stoneware pipe Distance has been covered, the back pressure plate 32 away from the first segment 18a of the holding axis 18 following segment 18b of the holding axis fixed to the first Segment 18a of the holding axis connected and via that on the second Segment 18b of the holding axis 18 located Centering devices 22 with the interposition of a Steel ring 30 in the joint between the two stoneware pipes 24a and 24b a subsequent stoneware pipe 24b is pushed on. Then the counter pressure plate 32 on the segment 18b the holding axis 18 attached and the two now adjacent segments of the holding axes as well as the to be drawn in pipes 24 existing unit in turn around the Length of a single tube continues towards the Target pit removed, whereupon those described above Connect steps until the retractable head 16 the Has reached the target pit and thus the entire route between the starting pit and the target pit with the desired ones Stoneware pipes 24 is laid.

Arranged around the rigid support axis 18 Centering devices 22 take when the pipes are pulled in occurring roll forces and ensure that the Pipes are always guided centrally.

To make it easier to pull in the stoneware pipes at the same time as moving the retraction head flushing liquid injected into the surrounding soil. At the end of the last one Pipe can also be arranged with an envelope because there the great friction occurs in the micro tunnel.

The device according to the invention can then also be used arrive when the new stoneware pipes to be pulled in already to replace existing pipes. In this case simultaneously with the movement of the device 10 through the Hole that in this case through the flow channel of the already laid pipes is given, pulling the new stoneware pipes to be laid and pushing out the existing pipes already laid. The Pipes originally laid are here in Direction of movement of the retracting head against the front Retracted head supported and during the movement of the Device 10 pushed out of the hole while in the direction of movement at the rear end of the retracting head the new stoneware pipes are to be installed. It there is thus an exchange of the pipes in one single step.

Claims (14)

1. Device for laying stoneware pipes (24) comprising:

   a drill rod (14) to which is fixed a pulling-in head (16);

   a central holding axle (18), which is flush with the drill rod (14) and to which a counter-pressure plate (32) can be fixed;

      characterised in that

   a plurality of centring devices (22) extend radially outwards from the holding axle (18).
2. Device according to claim 1,
   characterised in that the holding axle (18) consists of various individual segments (18a, 18b).
3. Device according to claim 2,
   characterised in that the individual segments (18a, 18b) of the holding axle can be connected to one another by threads or plug-in connectors.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that the outer diameter of the pulling-in head (16) is equal to the outer diameter of the pipe to be pulled in (24) or greater than the outer diameter of the pipe to be pulled in.
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that the holding axle (18) consists of various individual segments (18a, 18b) and on an individual segment of the holding axle centring devices (22) are spaced apart in each case at at least two positions spaced axially apart.
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that each centring device (22) comprises in each case a plurality of regulatable hydraulic cylinders, which extend radially outwards from the holding axle (18) and can be individually regulated.
7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that the centring devices (22) comprise in each case a plurality of leaf springs, which extend radially outwards from the holding axle (18) and have a curved shape.
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that the centring devices (22) comprise in each case a plurality of steel clamping arcs, extending radially outwards in the form of elongated splayed arms.
9. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that a rotary joint is arranged between pipe rod (14) and pulling-in head (16).
10. Method of laying stoneware pipes without ditches with a device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps:

    constructing a bore with a course-controlled boring head;

    pulling in a pulling-in head arranged as axially fixed to the drill rod;

    fixing a holding axle segment to the pulling-in head, wherein the holding axle segment is axially aligned with the drill rod;

    pushing a pipe to be laid on to the holding axle segment;

    fixing a counter-pressure plate on the holding axle segment furthest from the pulling-in head, wherein the pipe to be pulled in or the pipes to be pulled in are axially fixed between the pulling-in head and the counter-pressure plate and

    pulling the pulling-in head and the pipe to be laid or the pipes to be laid into the bore.
11. Method according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the movement of the boring head is regulated by an autopilot device with fuzzy logic control.
12. Method according to one of claims 10 and 11,
    characterised in that
    the concentric alignment of the pipes to be laid to the holding axle is carried out by specific triggering of hydraulic cylinders, which extend radially outwards from the holding axle and are in contact with the inner wall of the pipe to be laid.
13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12,
    characterised in that
    the step of fixing the holding axle takes place by constructing a screw connection between splaying head and holding axle segment or between adjacent holding axle segments.
14. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13,
    characterised in that simultaneously to pulling in a pulling-in head an originally laid pipeline is pushed out of the bore.

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