EP0541892A2 - Process of de-oiling and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances - Google Patents

Process of de-oiling and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0541892A2
EP0541892A2 EP92107605A EP92107605A EP0541892A2 EP 0541892 A2 EP0541892 A2 EP 0541892A2 EP 92107605 A EP92107605 A EP 92107605A EP 92107605 A EP92107605 A EP 92107605A EP 0541892 A2 EP0541892 A2 EP 0541892A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oils
cleaned
cleaning
solvent
cleaning step
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP92107605A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0541892A3 (en
Inventor
Franz Hugo
Johannes Mosch
Erwin Wanetzky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Leybold AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Leybold AG filed Critical Leybold AG
Priority to EP94117579A priority Critical patent/EP0639658B1/en
Publication of EP0541892A2 publication Critical patent/EP0541892A2/en
Publication of EP0541892A3 publication Critical patent/EP0541892A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0064—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes
    • B08B7/0071—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/024—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for degreasing and cleaning goods with grease and / or oil-containing substances.
  • lubricant residues is one of the most pressing tasks. For example, cleaning and degreasing of automotive gears, universal joints, cylinder blocks etc. is essential for subsequent processing for manufacturing reasons. Cleaning primarily means removing lubricants.
  • the components to be cleaned must be dry after cleaning, ie the technical surfaces of the parts must be free of oil or. Be fat layers so that they can further regeneration processes such. B. grinding operations can be supplied. Lubricants, for example, would make a grinding process, if not impossible, at least severely hinder it.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for degreasing and cleaning goods containing fat and / or oil-containing substances, in which the goods to be cleaned do not undergo any physical and chemical surface changes and are therefore suitable for appropriate reuse. Furthermore, a largely complete recovery of the lubricants adhering to the objects to be cleaned is to be achieved by the method according to the invention. Furthermore, any non-environmentally compatible solvents should be avoided and a minimum of residual waste to be disposed of should be achieved.
  • a method for degreasing and cleaning goods containing grease and / or oil-containing substances is specified in such a way that the goods to be cleaned are heated under vacuum conditions in a process chamber to such an extent that the fats and / oils can be separated from the goods depending on their physical state .
  • a method similar to the result in which the material to be cleaned is also inserted into a vacuum chamber.
  • the fats and / or oils adhering to the material to be cleaned are treated with a solvent similar in consistency.
  • the resultant Mixture of solvent and detached fats or oils is then fed to an evaporator.
  • the steam which forms on the evaporator is fed to the material, on the surface of which the steam condenses and the residual contamination is removed by the formation of condensate.
  • the steam is fed to a condenser, the condensate of which is returned to the cleaning process as a solvent.
  • the vacuum chamber is evacuated further so that residual solvent vapors are completely removed.
  • the methods according to the invention are based on a thermal process which, in conjunction with vacuum, leads to certain process conditions and, depending on the purity requirements, can be carried out “dry”, according to the first proposed solution or “wet”, according to the second alternative solution.
  • the so-called drying process does not require any auxiliary substances that are foreign to the lubricants.
  • the wet process is carried out with a kind of the same, volatile fraction of the lubricant.
  • Both processes according to the invention replace all cleaning processes based on, for example, CFCs, CHCs and aqueous alkalis.
  • the so-called dry or wet process comes e.g. for use in the recycling of Perbunan, Viton, FEP, PTFE, silicones as well as for cast and steel parts before melting to recover the alloys. It can also be used for oily granules, sands and dusts.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of the components of a thermal degreasing and cleaning system which works using the dry process.
  • the left part of the system shown shows an immersion bath 3, into which the goods 1 to be cleaned, which rest on a batch carrier 2, are introduced.
  • the immersion bath 3 is composed essentially of the same fats or oils in its consistency, which is also present as a lubricating layer on the goods.
  • the solution of fats and oils in the immersion bath is preferably heated to a temperature which is significantly above room temperature.
  • all technical surfaces are wetted with the heated immersion liquid such that the lubricant layer adhering to the surface of the goods 1 is at least partially softened.
  • the batch carrier 2 together with goods 1 is lifted out of the immersion bath 3 and moved in the direction of a drip tray 4.
  • the immersion bath solution not adhering to the goods drips off and flows back into the immersion bath basin 3 following the gradient.
  • the immersion bath solution acts on the lubricant layer firmly adhering to the surfaces of the goods 1, which is composed both of fats and oils and of macroscopic solids, in such a way that the lubricant layer is softened and the subsequent cleaning process is facilitated.
  • the invention it was recognized that such pretreatment of the goods to be cleaned sustainably supports the success of the cleaning process, but is not absolutely a requirement.
  • the drained goods 1 are guided into a hot-wall recipient 5 in which a process temperature of approximately 200 degrees is set.
  • a process temperature of approximately 200 degrees is set.
  • the hot-wall recipient 5 also referred to as the process chamber
  • a negative pressure is generated within the process chamber by a backing pump 8 and a Roots pump 7 connected thereafter, which should be less than 10 hPa.
  • the lubricant layer on the goods to be cleaned begins to liquefy or evaporate depending on the vapor pressure of the fats and oils.
  • the flowable lubricant substances with these process parameters are conducted in a settling tank, which is attached below the process chamber 5.
  • Appropriate flood valves 9 can be used to let in, for example, nitrogen into the chamber 5 in the event of a pressure rise in the chamber 5 which can endanger safety, in order to ensure a safe operating state of the system.
  • Thick matter pumps 10 enable the thickened substances to be transported.
  • the remaining portion of the fat and oil vapors is due to the existing concentration gradient and temperature gradient within the connected line system to a condenser 6, on which the grease and oil vapors condense.
  • the liquid fraction in the condenser is then again introduced as a pre-cleaning agent in the immersion bath 3.
  • the duration of the cleaning process depends primarily on the amount of fat and oil that can be extracted from the process chamber, which is obtained in both the liquid and vapor phases. Due to the closed circuit under vacuum, no environmentally harmful substances are released. In addition, the recycling of the fats or oils obtained on the condensers creates a quasi self-preservation in the cleaning agent household of the system.
  • post-cleaning can be carried out, which leads to evaporation of the residual fat layer by glimming the parts or by heating the parts in the plasma as a particularly gentle energy supply.
  • the grease or oil-free residual layer remaining on the surface of the goods from macroscopic solid particles alone can be removed by brushing, sand, steel or glass blasting or drums .
  • the goods 1 to be cleaned are each attached to a batch carrier 2, which is introduced into the process chamber 5, which can be opened at least on one side. After the chamber door has been closed, a vacuum which is less than 10 hPa is generated via a suction line 12, a backing pump and a downstream Roots pump. Cooled condensers 6 are also provided in the suction line 12, which extract existing grease and oil vapors from the suction line.
  • a high-pressure nozzle system which is supplied by a spray pressure line 11 with a solvent of its own or similar solvent, the goods to be cleaned become surface with the solvent, which advantageously has a slightly higher vapor pressure than the greases and oils contained in the lubricant acted upon.
  • the solvent contaminated with lubricant is pumped through a filter system, which connects to the lowest point of the process chamber 5, to an evaporator 14, which thickenes the solvent containing the lubricant.
  • the evaporator 14, which is interspersed with a heater converts the lower-boiling fats or oils into their vaporous state. They are then returned via a steam pressure line 13 into the vacuum chamber to the parts to be cleaned, on which a large part condenses and locally heats up the surfaces.
  • the local heating of the surface of the goods to be cleaned due to the heat of condensation that arises, removes the residues of the lubricant layer, that is to say also the macroscopic solid particles, from the surface.
  • the condensate draining from the goods passes through the filter system already mentioned with the downstream capacitors 6, the solvent mixed with lubricant and solid particles being thickened. While the thickened remainder is being disposed of, the parts of fats and oils which can be evaporated in the circuit are extracted by a downstream combination of heater 14 'and capacitors 6 connected in between. The condensate obtained is reused for the start of a new cleaning process.
  • the vacuum chamber is evacuated further, the remaining solvent vapors are pumped out and the components to be cleaned are thus dried. The vacuum chamber is then vented and is available for a new cleaning process after the cleaned parts have been removed.
  • the goods cleaned with this wet process have grease and dirt-free surfaces and can be directly processed.
  • the wet process according to the invention does not have any bath surfaces exposed to the atmosphere and therefore does not represent any pollution of the environment with harmful vapors. It is in particular a closed circuit which is optimized in such a way that the waste generated is minimized and the entry of solvents for the cleaning process is obtained as self-sustaining as possible by gaining new solvents from the lubricant layers themselves.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is characterised in that the material to be cleaned is heated under vacuum conditions in a process chamber in such a way that the greases and/or oils, depending on their physical state can be separated off from the material. Alternatively, a further variation of the cleaning process is specified, in which the material to be cleaned is placed in a vacuum chamber. In a first cleaning step, the greases and/or oils adhering to the material to be cleaned are impinged with a solvent similar to their consistency and the mixture forming of solvent and detached greases or oils is fed to an evaporator. In a second cleaning step, the steam forming at the evaporator is fed to the material, on the surface of which the steam condenses and, forming a condensate, disposes of the residual contamination. In a third cleaning step, the steam is fed to a condenser, the condensate obtained from which is in turn fed to the cleaning process as a solvent and in a fourth cleaning step, the vacuum chamber is further evacuated in such a way that residual solvent vapours are completely removed. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett-und/oder ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut.The invention relates to a method for degreasing and cleaning goods with grease and / or oil-containing substances.

Vor einer Wiederaufbereitung mechanischer Bauteile, insbesondere Getriebebauteile, wie sie z.B. im Automobilbereich in überaus großen Mengen anfallen, ist die Beseitigung von Schmierstoffresten eine der vordringlichsten Aufgaben. So ist die Reinigung und Entfettung z.B. von Automobilgetrieben, Kardangelenken, Zylinderblöcken etc. für eine nachfolgende Weiterbearbeitung aus Fertigungsgründen unabdingbar. Die Reinigung bedeutet hierbei in erster Linie die Beseitigung von Schmierstoffen. Die zu reinigenden Bauteile müssen nach der Reinigung trocken, d.h. die technischen Oberflächen der Teile müssen frei von Öl-bzw. Fettschichten sein, damit sie weiteren Regenerierungsprozessen, wie z. B. Schleifvorgängen, zugeführt werden können. Schmierstoffe würden z.B. einen Schleifprozess wenn nicht unmöglich machen, so doch zumindest stark behindern.Before reprocessing mechanical components, especially gear components, such as those that occur in extremely large quantities in the automotive sector, the removal of lubricant residues is one of the most pressing tasks. For example, cleaning and degreasing of automotive gears, universal joints, cylinder blocks etc. is essential for subsequent processing for manufacturing reasons. Cleaning primarily means removing lubricants. The components to be cleaned must be dry after cleaning, ie the technical surfaces of the parts must be free of oil or. Be fat layers so that they can further regeneration processes such. B. grinding operations can be supplied. Lubricants, for example, would make a grinding process, if not impossible, at least severely hinder it.

Ferner ist die Entsorgung von mit Schmierstoffen versetztem Abfall, der insbesondere in Schleifwerkstätten anfällt, in denen beliebige Bauteile aus Metall oder Kunststoff verarbeitet werden, wie zum Beispiel Schleifschlamm bzw. - staub, nicht befriedigend gelöst, zumal eine Auftrennung in verwertbare und nicht-verwertbare Materialien bisher nur mit, unter Umweltgesichtpunkten nicht unbedenklichen, chemischen oder thermischen Trennprozessen möglich ist. Aus der Sicht der gegenwärtigen Entsorgungsproblematik erscheint es darüberhinaus erforderlich zu sein, mögliche Trennverfahren anzuwenden, die zumindest den endgültig zu entsorgenden Restmüll minimieren.Furthermore, the disposal of lubricant-containing waste, which arises particularly in grinding workshops where any metal or plastic components are processed, such as grinding sludge or dust, has not been satisfactorily resolved, especially since it has been broken down into usable and non-usable materials So far, this has only been possible with chemical or thermal separation processes that are not harmless from an environmental point of view. From the point of view of the current disposal problems, it also appears to be necessary to use possible separation processes that at least minimize the residual waste to be finally disposed of.

Die bislang verwendeten Reinigungsverfahren, mit denen vorrangig mit Schmierstoffen behaftete Bauteile gereinigt werden, beruhen derzeit auf der Anwendung fettlösender Mittel hauptsächlich auf der Verwendung von Perchlor-, Trichlor-, oder Tetrachlor-Verbindungen. Aus gesundheits- und umweltschädlichen Gründen ist die Anwendung der meisten Chlorverbindungen problematisch. So ist die Anwendung von Perchlor in Reinigungsanlagen zeitlich limitiert und besonders strengen Sicherheitsauflagen unterworfen. Zudem entstehen bei derartigen Reinigungsprozessen große Mengen an hochgiftigen, nicht trennbaren Flüssigkeiten, die es bislang in ihrer zum Teil unbekannten Zusammensetzung zu entsorgen galt.The cleaning processes used to date, with which components which are primarily lubricated are cleaned, are currently based on the use of fat-dissolving agents, mainly on the use of perchloric, trichloric or tetrachloric compounds. The use of most chlorine compounds is problematic for health and environmental reasons. The use of perchlor in cleaning systems is limited in time and subject to particularly strict safety requirements. In addition, such cleaning processes produce large amounts of highly toxic, inseparable liquids, which previously had to be disposed of in their partly unknown composition.

Neben der Problematik der Entsorgung von Abfallstoffen spielt die Wiederverwertbarkeit der zu reinigenden Stoffe und Gegenstände eine Hauptrolle. In diesem Zusammenhang sind extra vergütete mechanische Bauteile zu nennen, die durch thermo-chemische Verfahrensschritte eine erhöhte Oberflächenhärte aufweisen. Derartige Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten können jedoch durch zu hohe Temperaturen in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Eine Wiederverwendung eines derartig behandelten Bauteils ist daher fraglich.In addition to the problem of the disposal of waste materials, the recyclability of the substances and objects to be cleaned plays a major role. In this context, specially tempered mechanical components are to be mentioned, which have an increased surface hardness due to thermo-chemical process steps. Such surface textures can be affected by high temperatures. Reusing a component treated in this way is therefore questionable.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett- und/oder ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut anzugeben, bei dem das zu reinigende Gut keinerlei physikalische und chemische Oberflächenveränderungen erleidet und daher für eine entsprechende Wiederverwendung geeignet ist. Des weiteren soll eine weitgehend vollständige Rückgewinnung der Schmiermittel, die den zu reinigenden Gegenständen anhaften, durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erreicht werden. Ferner sollen auf jedwede nicht umweltverträglichen Lösungsmittel verzichtet werden und ein Minimum an zu entsorgendem Restabfall erreicht werden.The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for degreasing and cleaning goods containing fat and / or oil-containing substances, in which the goods to be cleaned do not undergo any physical and chemical surface changes and are therefore suitable for appropriate reuse. Furthermore, a largely complete recovery of the lubricants adhering to the objects to be cleaned is to be achieved by the method according to the invention. Furthermore, any non-environmentally compatible solvents should be avoided and a minimum of residual waste to be disposed of should be achieved.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Anspruch 1 sowie im Anspruch 12 angegeben. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.An inventive solution to this problem is specified in claim 1 and in claim 12. Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett- und/ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut derart angegeben, so daß das zu reinigende Gut unter Vakuumbedingungen in einer Prozeßkammer soweit erwärmt wird, daß die Fette und/Öle in Abhängigkeit ihres Aggregatzustandes vom Gut trennbar sind.According to the invention, a method for degreasing and cleaning goods containing grease and / or oil-containing substances is specified in such a way that the goods to be cleaned are heated under vacuum conditions in a process chamber to such an extent that the fats and / oils can be separated from the goods depending on their physical state .

Alternativ hierzu wird ein im Ergebnis ähnliches Verfahren angegeben, bei dem das zu reinigende Gut ebenfalls in eine Vakuumkammer eingesetzt wird. In einem ersten Reinigungsschritt werden die dem zu reinigenden Gut anhaftenden Fette und/oder Öle mit einem ihrer Konsistenz ähnlichen Lösungsmittel beaufschlagt. Das sich dabei bildende Gemisch aus Lösungsmittel und abgelösten Fetten bzw. Ölen wird anschließend einem Verdampfer zugeführt. In einem zweiten Reinigungsschritt wird der sich am Verdampfer bildende Dampf dem Gut zugeleitet, an dessen Oberfläche der Dampf kondensiert und unter Kondensatbildung die Restverschmutzung beseitigt. In einem dritten Reinigungsschritt wird der Dampf einem Kondensator zugeführt, dessen gewonnenes Kondensat dem Reinigungsprozess als Lösungsmittel erneut zugeführt wird. Schließlich wird in einem vierten Reinigungsschritt die Vakuumkammer derart weiter evakuiert, daß restliche Lösungsmitteldämpfe vollständig entfernt werden.As an alternative to this, a method similar to the result is specified, in which the material to be cleaned is also inserted into a vacuum chamber. In a first cleaning step, the fats and / or oils adhering to the material to be cleaned are treated with a solvent similar in consistency. The resultant Mixture of solvent and detached fats or oils is then fed to an evaporator. In a second cleaning step, the steam which forms on the evaporator is fed to the material, on the surface of which the steam condenses and the residual contamination is removed by the formation of condensate. In a third cleaning step, the steam is fed to a condenser, the condensate of which is returned to the cleaning process as a solvent. Finally, in a fourth cleaning step, the vacuum chamber is evacuated further so that residual solvent vapors are completely removed.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beruhen auf einem thermischen Prozess, der in Verbindung mit Vakuum zu bestimmten Prozeßbedingungen führt, und können je nach den Reinheitsanforderungen "trocken", gemäß dem erstgenannten Lösungsvorschlag oder "naß", gemäß der zweitgenannten Alternativlösung, durchgeführt werden. Der sogenannte Trockenprozeß kommt ohne jegliche, den Schmiermitteln artfremden Hilfsstoffen aus. Der Naßprozeß wird mit einer Art gleichen, leicht flüchtigen Fraktion des Schmiermittels durchgeführt. Beide erfindungsgemäßen Prozesse ersetzen alle Reinigungsverfahren auf der Basis von beispielsweise FCKW's, CKW's und wässrigen Laugen. Das sogenannte Trocken bzw. Naßverfahren kommt z.B. zum Einsatz bei dem Recyclen von Perbunan, Viton, FEP, PTFE, Siliconen sowie für Guß- und Stahlteile vor dem Einschmelzen zur Rückgewinnung der Legierungen. Es ist auch eine Anwendung bei verölten Granulaten, Sanden und Stäuben denkbar.The methods according to the invention are based on a thermal process which, in conjunction with vacuum, leads to certain process conditions and, depending on the purity requirements, can be carried out “dry”, according to the first proposed solution or “wet”, according to the second alternative solution. The so-called drying process does not require any auxiliary substances that are foreign to the lubricants. The wet process is carried out with a kind of the same, volatile fraction of the lubricant. Both processes according to the invention replace all cleaning processes based on, for example, CFCs, CHCs and aqueous alkalis. The so-called dry or wet process comes e.g. for use in the recycling of Perbunan, Viton, FEP, PTFE, silicones as well as for cast and steel parts before melting to recover the alloys. It can also be used for oily granules, sands and dusts.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen exemplarisch beschrieben, auf die im übrigen bezüglich der Offenbarung aller im Text nicht näher erläuterten erfindungsgemäßen Einzelheiten ausdrücklich verwiesen wird. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
schematische Übersicht über die Prozesskomponenten des Trockenverfahrens und
Figur 2
schematische Übersicht über die Prozesskomponenten für das Naßverfahren.
The invention is described below without restricting the general inventive concept using an exemplary embodiment Described by way of example with reference to the drawings, to which reference is expressly made with regard to the disclosure of all details according to the invention not explained in detail in the text. Show it:
Figure 1
schematic overview of the process components of the drying process and
Figure 2
schematic overview of the process components for the wet process.

In Figur 1 ist eine schematische Übersicht der Komponenten einer thermischen Entfettungs- und Reinigungsanlage dargestellt, die nach dem Trockenverfahren arbeitet. Der linke Teil der dargestellten Anlage zeigt ein Tauchbad 3, in das die zu reinigenden Güter 1, die auf einem Chargenträger 2 aufliegen, eingebracht werden. Das Tauchbad 3 setzt sich im wesentlichen in seiner Konsistenz aus den gleichen Fetten bzw. Ölen zusammen, die auch als Schmierschicht auf den Gütern vorhanden ist. Vorzugsweise ist die im Tauchbad befindliche Lösung aus Fetten und Ölen auf eine, deutlich über der Raumtemperatur liegende Temperatur erwärmt. Beim Eintauchen der Güter in das Tauchbad 3 werden alle technischen Oberflächen derart mit der erwärmten Tauchflüssigkeit benetzt, so daß die an der Oberfläche der Güter 1 anhaftende Schmierstoffschicht zumindest zu einem gewissen Teil aufgeweicht wird. In einem nächsten Schritt wird der Chargenträger 2 samt Güter 1 aus dem Tauchbad 3 gehoben und in Richtung einer Abtropfwanne 4 verfahren. Hierbei tropft die nicht an den Gütern anhaftende Tauchbadlösung ab und fließt dem Gefälle folgend in das Tauchbadbecken 3 zurück.FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of the components of a thermal degreasing and cleaning system which works using the dry process. The left part of the system shown shows an immersion bath 3, into which the goods 1 to be cleaned, which rest on a batch carrier 2, are introduced. The immersion bath 3 is composed essentially of the same fats or oils in its consistency, which is also present as a lubricating layer on the goods. The solution of fats and oils in the immersion bath is preferably heated to a temperature which is significantly above room temperature. When the goods are immersed in the immersion bath 3, all technical surfaces are wetted with the heated immersion liquid such that the lubricant layer adhering to the surface of the goods 1 is at least partially softened. In a next step, the batch carrier 2 together with goods 1 is lifted out of the immersion bath 3 and moved in the direction of a drip tray 4. The immersion bath solution not adhering to the goods drips off and flows back into the immersion bath basin 3 following the gradient.

Wie bereits erwähnt wirkt die Tauchbadlösung auf die fest an den Oberflächen der Güter 1 anhaftende Schmiermittelschicht, die sich sowohl aus Fetten und Ölen als auch aus makroskopischen Festkörpern zusammensetzt, derart, daß die Schmiermittelschicht aufgeweicht wird und den nachfolgenden Reinigungsprozeß erleichtert. Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, daß eine derartige Vorbehandlung der zu reinigenden Güter den Erfolg des Reinigungsverfahrens nachhaltig unterstützt, jedoch nicht unbedingt Voraussetzung ist.As already mentioned, the immersion bath solution acts on the lubricant layer firmly adhering to the surfaces of the goods 1, which is composed both of fats and oils and of macroscopic solids, in such a way that the lubricant layer is softened and the subsequent cleaning process is facilitated. According to the invention, it was recognized that such pretreatment of the goods to be cleaned sustainably supports the success of the cleaning process, but is not absolutely a requirement.

Im nächsten Verfahrensschritt werden die abgetropften Güter 1 in einen Warmwandrezipienten 5 geführt, in dem eine Prozeßtemperatur von ca. 200 Grad eingestellt wird. Sobald der Warmwandrezipient 5, auch als Prozeßkammer bezeichnet, nach der Befüllung mit den zu reinigenden Gütern geschlossen wird, wird innerhalb der Prozeßkammer durch eine Vorpumpe 8 und eine danach geschaltete Roots-Pumpe 7 ein Unterdruck erzeugt, der weniger als 10 hPa betragen soll. Durch die Herstellung eines derartigen Vakuums in Verbindung mit einem Wärmeeintrag von ca. 200°C beginnt die Schmierstoffschicht auf den zu reinigenden Gütern sich zunächst zu verflüssigen bzw. in Abhängigkeit des Dampfdrucks der Fette und Öle zu verdampfen. Die bei diesen Prozeßparametern fließfähigen Schmierstoffsubstanzen werden in einem Absetzbehälter, der unterhalb der Prozeßkammer 5 angebracht ist, geleitet. Durch entsprechende Flutventile 9 kann bei sicherheitsgefährdendem Druckanstieg in der Kammer 5 z.B. Stickstoff in die Kammer 5 eingelassen werden, um einen gefahrlosen Betriebszustand der Anlage sicherzustellen. Dickstoffpumpen 10 ermöglichen den Materialtransport der eingedickten Stoffe. Der übrige Anteil der Fett- und Öldämpfe wird aufgrund des bestehenden Konzentrationsgefälles sowie Temperaturgefälles innerhalb des angeschlossenen Leitungsystem einem Kondensator 6 zugeführt, an dem die Fett- und Öldämpfe kondensieren. Die flüssige Fraktion im Kondensator wird anschließend erneut als Vorreinigungsmittel in dem Tauchbad 3 eingebracht.In the next process step, the drained goods 1 are guided into a hot-wall recipient 5 in which a process temperature of approximately 200 degrees is set. As soon as the hot-wall recipient 5, also referred to as the process chamber, is closed after filling with the goods to be cleaned, a negative pressure is generated within the process chamber by a backing pump 8 and a Roots pump 7 connected thereafter, which should be less than 10 hPa. By creating such a vacuum in conjunction with a heat input of approximately 200 ° C., the lubricant layer on the goods to be cleaned begins to liquefy or evaporate depending on the vapor pressure of the fats and oils. The flowable lubricant substances with these process parameters are conducted in a settling tank, which is attached below the process chamber 5. Appropriate flood valves 9 can be used to let in, for example, nitrogen into the chamber 5 in the event of a pressure rise in the chamber 5 which can endanger safety, in order to ensure a safe operating state of the system. Thick matter pumps 10 enable the thickened substances to be transported. The remaining portion of the fat and oil vapors is due to the existing concentration gradient and temperature gradient within the connected line system to a condenser 6, on which the grease and oil vapors condense. The liquid fraction in the condenser is then again introduced as a pre-cleaning agent in the immersion bath 3.

Die Dauer des Reinigungsprozesses richtet sich primär nach der aus der Prozeßkammer extrahierbaren Fett- und Ölmenge, die sowohl in flüssiger als auch in dampfförmiger Phase gewonnen wird. Durch den geschlossenen Kreislauf unter Vakuum treten hierbei keine umweltbelastenden Substanzen nach außen. Zudem wird durch die Rückführung der an den Kondensatoren gewonnenen Fette bzw. Öle eine quasi Selbsterhaltung im Reinigungsmittelhaushalt des Systems geschaffen.The duration of the cleaning process depends primarily on the amount of fat and oil that can be extracted from the process chamber, which is obtained in both the liquid and vapor phases. Due to the closed circuit under vacuum, no environmentally harmful substances are released. In addition, the recycling of the fats or oils obtained on the condensers creates a quasi self-preservation in the cleaning agent household of the system.

Im Anschluß an diesen erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsschritt kann eine Nachreinigung erfolgen, die durch Beglimmen der Teile oder durch Erwärmung der Teile im Plasma als besonders schonende Energiezufuhr zur Verdampfung der Restfettschicht führt.Subsequent to this cleaning step according to the invention, post-cleaning can be carried out, which leads to evaporation of the residual fat layer by glimming the parts or by heating the parts in the plasma as a particularly gentle energy supply.

In einer zusätzlich vorzunehmenden mechanischen Nachreinigung kann die auf der Oberfläche der Güter verbleibende fett- bzw. ölfreie Restschicht aus allein makroskopischen Festkörperpartikel, beispielsweise bestehend aus Abriebspäne oder dergleichen, durch Bürsten, Sand-, Stahl-, oder Glas-Strahlen bzw. Trommeln entfernt werden.In an additional mechanical post-cleaning to be carried out, the grease or oil-free residual layer remaining on the surface of the goods from macroscopic solid particles alone, for example consisting of abrasion chips or the like, can be removed by brushing, sand, steel or glass blasting or drums .

Im Gegensatz zu dem eben beschriebenen Trockenverfahren ist es mit dem sogenannten Naßverfahren möglich, die zu reinigenden Güter derart von der Schmiermittelschicht zu befreien, daß sowohl Fett- und Ölrückstände auf den Oberflächen der Güter als auch jegliche Festkörperpartikel ohne zusätzliche Nachreinigungsschritte mechanischer Art entfernt werden können. Wie bereits beim Trockenverfahren werden die zu reinigenden Güter 1 auf jeweils einen Chargenträger 2 angebracht, der in die Prozeßkammer 5, die zumindest einseitig zu öffnen ist, eingeführt wird. Nach dem Schließen der Kammertür wird über eine Absaugleitung 12, durch eine Vorpumpe und eine nachgeschaltete Roots-Pumpe ein Unterdruck erzeugt, der weniger als 10 hPa beträgt. In die Absaugleitung 12 sind zudem gekühlte Kondensatoren ⁶ vorgesehen, die vorhandene Fett- und Öldämpfe aus der Absaugleitung entziehen. Über ein Hochdruckdüsensystem, das durch eine Sprüh-Druckleitung 11 mit einem der Schmiermittelart eigenen oder ähnlichen Lösungsmittel versorgt wird, werden die zu reinigenden Güter mit dem Lösungsmittel, das vorteilhafterweise über einen etwas höheren Dampfdruck verfügt als die im Schmiermittel enthaltenen Fette- und Öle, oberflächig beaufschlagt. Das mit Schmiermittel verschmutzte Lösungsmittel wird über ein Filtersystem, das sich am tiefsten Punkt der Prozeßkammer 5 anschließt, zu einen Verdampfer 14 gepumpt, der das mit Schmiermittel versetzte Lösungsmittel eindickt. Der mit einem Heizer durchsetzte Verdampfer 14 wandelt dabei die leichter siedenden Fette bzw. Öle in ihren dampfförmigen Aggregatzustand um. Anschließend werden sie über eine Dampfdruckleitung 13 in die Vakuumkammer an die zu reinigenden Teile zurückgeführt, an denen ein Großteil kondensiert und die Oberflächen lokal aufheizt.In contrast to the drying process just described, it is possible with the so-called wet process to free the goods to be cleaned from the lubricant layer in such a way that grease and oil residues on the surfaces of the goods as well as any solid particles without additional mechanical cleaning steps can be removed. As in the drying process, the goods 1 to be cleaned are each attached to a batch carrier 2, which is introduced into the process chamber 5, which can be opened at least on one side. After the chamber door has been closed, a vacuum which is less than 10 hPa is generated via a suction line 12, a backing pump and a downstream Roots pump. Cooled condensers ⁶ are also provided in the suction line 12, which extract existing grease and oil vapors from the suction line. Via a high-pressure nozzle system, which is supplied by a spray pressure line 11 with a solvent of its own or similar solvent, the goods to be cleaned become surface with the solvent, which advantageously has a slightly higher vapor pressure than the greases and oils contained in the lubricant acted upon. The solvent contaminated with lubricant is pumped through a filter system, which connects to the lowest point of the process chamber 5, to an evaporator 14, which thickenes the solvent containing the lubricant. The evaporator 14, which is interspersed with a heater, converts the lower-boiling fats or oils into their vaporous state. They are then returned via a steam pressure line 13 into the vacuum chamber to the parts to be cleaned, on which a large part condenses and locally heats up the surfaces.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, daß durch die lokale Erwärmung der Oberfläche der zu reinigenden Güter aufgrund der dabei entstehenden Kondensationswärme die Reste der Schmiermittelschicht, also auch die makroskopischen Festkörperpartikel, von der Oberfläche ablösbar sind.According to the invention, it has been recognized that the local heating of the surface of the goods to be cleaned, due to the heat of condensation that arises, removes the residues of the lubricant layer, that is to say also the macroscopic solid particles, from the surface.

Das von den Gütern ablaufende Kondensat durchläuft dabei das bereits erwähnte Filtersystem mit den nachgeschalteten Kondensatoren 6, wobei das mit Schmiermittel und Festkörperpartikel versetzte Lösungsmittel eingedickt wird. Während der eingedickte Rest der Entsorgung zugeführt wird, werden die im Kreislauf verdampfbaren Anteile an Fetten und Ölen durch eine nachgeschaltete Kombination aus Heizer 14' und dazwischengeschaltete Kondensatoren 6 extrahiert. Das dabei gewonnene Kondensat wird für den Beginn eines neuen Reinigungsprozesses wiederverwendet.The condensate draining from the goods passes through the filter system already mentioned with the downstream capacitors 6, the solvent mixed with lubricant and solid particles being thickened. While the thickened remainder is being disposed of, the parts of fats and oils which can be evaporated in the circuit are extracted by a downstream combination of heater 14 'and capacitors 6 connected in between. The condensate obtained is reused for the start of a new cleaning process.

Nach Abschalten der Dampfzufuhr wird die Vakuumkammer weiter evakuiert, die restlichen Lösungsmitteldämpfe abgepumpt und somit die zu reinigenden Bauteile getrocknet. Danach wird die Vakuumkammer belüftet und steht nach der Entnahme der gereinigten Teile für einen neuen Reinigungsprozeß zur Verfügung.After switching off the steam supply, the vacuum chamber is evacuated further, the remaining solvent vapors are pumped out and the components to be cleaned are thus dried. The vacuum chamber is then vented and is available for a new cleaning process after the cleaned parts have been removed.

Die mit diesem Naßverfahren gereinigten Güter weisen fett- und schmutzfreie Oberflächen auf, und können direkt einer Weiterbearbeitung zugeführt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Naßverfahren weist keine der Atmosphäre ausgesetzten Badflächen auf und stellt daher auch keine noch so geringe Belastung für die Umwelt mit schädlichen Dämpfen dar. Es handelt sich hier insbesondere um einen geschlossenen Kreislauf, der derart optimiert ist, daß der anfallende Abfall möglichst minimiert wird und der Eintrag an Lösungsmitteln für den Reinigungsprozeß möglichst selbsterhaltend durch den Zugewinn neuer Lösungsmittel aus den Schmiermittelschichten selbst gewonnen wird.The goods cleaned with this wet process have grease and dirt-free surfaces and can be directly processed. The wet process according to the invention does not have any bath surfaces exposed to the atmosphere and therefore does not represent any pollution of the environment with harmful vapors. It is in particular a closed circuit which is optimized in such a way that the waste generated is minimized and the entry of solvents for the cleaning process is obtained as self-sustaining as possible by gaining new solvents from the lubricant layers themselves.

ZeichenlegendeCharacter legend

11
zu reinigende Gütergoods to be cleaned
22nd
ChargenträgerBatch carriers
33rd
TauchbadImmersion bath
44th
AbtropfwanneDrain pan
55
Warmwandrezipient oder ProzeßkammerWarm wall recipient or process chamber
66
Kondensatorcapacitor
77
RootspumpeRoot pump
88th
VorpumpeBacking pump
99
Stickstoff FlutventilNitrogen flood valve
1010th
DickstoffpumpeSlurry pump
1111
Sprüh-DruckleitungSpray pressure line
1212
AbsaugleitungSuction line
1313
Dampf-DruckleitungSteam pressure line
1414
VerdampferEvaporator
14'14 '
VerdampferEvaporator

Claims (16)

Verfahren zur Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett-und/oder ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu reinigende Gut unter Vakuumbedingungen in einer Prozeßkammer derart erwärmt wird, daß die Fette und/oder Öle in Abhängigkeit ihres Aggreratszustandes vom Gut abtrennbar sind.Process for degreasing and cleaning goods with grease and / or oil-containing substances,
characterized in that the material to be cleaned is heated under vacuum conditions in a process chamber such that the fats and / or oils can be separated from the material depending on their state of aggregation. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu reinigende Gut in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt in ein Bad, das aus Fetten und/oder Ölen besteht, eingebracht und/oder erwärmt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the material to be cleaned is introduced and / or heated in a bath consisting of fats and / or oils in a first process step. Verfahren Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Prozeßkammer der Luftpartialdruck höchstens 10 hPa beträgt.The method of claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the air partial pressure in the process chamber is at most 10 hPa. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Reinigungsschritt der Wärmeeintrag derart vorgenommen wird, daß die Fette und/oder Öle in ihre fließfähige Phase (Aggregatszustand) umgewandelt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the heat input in the cleaning step is carried out in such a way that the fats and / or oils are converted into their flowable phase (aggregate state). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Reinigungsschritt der Wärmeeintrag derart vorgenommen wird, daß die Fette und/oder Öle in ihre Dampfphase übergehen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the heat input is carried out in the cleaning step such that the fats and / or oils pass into their vapor phase. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu reinigende Gut durch die Wärmebehandlung weder eine physikalische noch eine chemische Beeinträchtigung an seiner Oberfläche erfährt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the material to be cleaned does not experience any physical or chemical impairment on its surface due to the heat treatment. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vom Gut durch Wäremeintrag abtrennbaren Dämpfe der Fette und/oder Öle in einem mit der Prozeßkammer verbundenen Kondensator niedergeschlagen und als Kondensat gesammelt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the fumes of the fats and / or oils which can be separated from the material by the introduction of heat are precipitated in a condenser connected to the process chamber and are collected as condensate. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die flüssige Fraktion im Kondensator gewonnen wird und wiederverwendbar ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the liquid fraction is obtained in the condenser and is reusable. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine auf dem Gut verbleibende Restfettschicht durch Beglimmen des Guts im Rahmen eines Nachreinigungsschritts in der Prozeßkammer verdampft wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that a residual fat layer remaining on the material is evaporated by glimming the material in the course of a post-cleaning step in the process chamber. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nachreinigungsschritt durch Erwärmen des Guts in einem Plasma durchführbar ist.Method according to claim 9,
characterized in that the post-cleaning step can be carried out by heating the material in a plasma. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rückstand makroskopischer Schmutzpartikel auf der Oberfläche des Guts durch Bürsten, Sand-, Stahl-, oder Glas-Strahlen bzw. Trommeln entfernbar ist.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the residue of macroscopic dirt particles on the surface of the goods can be removed by brushing, sand, steel or glass blasting or drums. Verfahren zur schonenden Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett-und/oder ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut,
gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination folgender Merkmale: - das zu reinigende Gut wird in eine Vakuumkammer eingesetzt, - in einem ersten Reinigungsschritt werden die dem zu reinigenden Gut anhaftenden Fette und/oder Öle mit einem ihrer Konsistenz ähnlichen Lösungsmittel beaufschlagt, und das sich bildende Gemisch aus Lösungsmittel und abgelösten Fetten bzw. Ölen wird einem Verdampfer zugeführt, - in einem zweiten Reinigungsschritt wird der sich am Verdampfer bildende Dampf dem Gut zugeleitet, an dessen Oberfläche der Dampf kondensiert und unter Kondensatbildung die Restverschmutzung beseitigt, - in einem dritten Reinigungschritt wird der Dampf einem Kondensator zugeführt, dessen gewonnenes Kondensat dem Reinigungsprozeß als Lösungsmittel erneut zugeführt wird und - in einem vierten Reinigungsschritt wird die Vakuumkammer derart weiter evakuiert, daß restliche Lösungsmitteldämpfe vollständig entfernt werden. Process for the gentle degreasing and cleaning of goods with grease and / or oil-containing substances,
characterized by the combination of the following features: - the material to be cleaned is placed in a vacuum chamber, - In a first cleaning step, they become fats and / or oils adhering to cleaning material are acted upon with a solvent similar in consistency, and the resulting mixture of solvent and detached fats or oils is fed to an evaporator, in a second cleaning step, the steam which forms on the evaporator is fed to the material, on the surface of which the steam condenses and the residual contamination is removed with the formation of condensate, - In a third cleaning step, the steam is fed to a condenser, the condensate obtained is fed back to the cleaning process as a solvent and - In a fourth cleaning step, the vacuum chamber is evacuated further so that residual solvent vapors are completely removed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im ersten Reinigungsschritt das Lösungsmittel über ein Hochdruckdüsensystem auf das zu reinigende Gut gerichtet wird.Method according to claim 12,
characterized in that in the first cleaning step the solvent is directed onto the material to be cleaned via a high-pressure nozzle system. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel Petroleum ist.A method according to claim 12 or 13,
characterized in that the solvent is petroleum. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel Kerosin ist.Method according to one of claims 12 or 13,
characterized in that the solvent is kerosene. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl das gereinigte Gut als auch die separierten Fette und/oder Öle zumindest teilweise recycelt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that both the cleaned material and the separated fats and / or oils are at least partially recycled.
EP19920107605 1991-11-11 1992-05-06 Process of de-oiling and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances Ceased EP0541892A3 (en)

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EP0639658B1 (en) 1997-03-12
EP0639658A3 (en) 1995-04-19
EP0639658A2 (en) 1995-02-22
EP0541892A3 (en) 1993-06-16
DE59208210D1 (en) 1997-04-17
DE4136990C2 (en) 2002-12-05
DE4136990A1 (en) 1993-05-13

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