EP0277500A2 - Method for continuously manufacturing a fibrous insulation web, and apparatus for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

In customary processes for the continuous manufacture of a length of fibrous insulating material, made in particular of mineral fibres, a primary web which comes from a collecting chamber and has been impregnated with binders and impregnants is compacted and passed into an oven for curing the binders and impregnants. <??>To devise a process which with a minimum of complication makes possible a systematic arrangement of fibres having particular surface properties or of properties of the fibrous insulating material within said material, it is proposed that upstream of the curing oven the primary web be divided into two or more subsidiary webs, one subsidiary be lifted off, strongly compressed with alignment of fibres and then be brought back together with the other subsidiary web(s) and all the webs together then be cured in the curing oven. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of a fiber insulation web, in particular from mineral fibers, a primary fleece provided with binding and impregnating agents (lubricating agents) coming from a collecting chamber being compressed and fed to a hardening furnace for hardening the binding and impregnating agents.

In practice, fiber insulation webs are usually produced according to the previously explained process principle. Seen across their cross-section, these fiber insulation webs are largely homogeneous, ie they have the same spatial density and strength properties everywhere, which, however, depend on the degree of compaction, fiber flow, binder content and the like. Like. Dependent and can be different. This homogeneity is particularly evident in the case of insulating materials made from synthetic, glassy solidified mineral fasters, and the surfaces of the fiber insulating material webs have no properties that fundamentally differ from the internal structure. In order to improve the surface strength and / or the flexibility of the surface layers, it is known to laminate the previously explained homogeneous fiber insulation webs with other materials, for example with fiber insulation materials of higher density, glass fleeces, glass and textile fabrics, metal fabrics, foils or the like, or the fiber insulation webs to change by mechanical action. To carry out these known measures, the basic prerequisite is that the homogeneous fiber insulation web is first passed through a hardening furnace, where the binder and impregnating agent contained is hardened. Only then are the surface layers used up. Apart from the separate production processes for the surface layers, this subsequent application requires a relatively large amount of production work, especially if they are carried out in the hardening furnace cured fiber insulation web first divided into layers or sections and then the coating must be carried out.

Active substances are known from other fields, the outstanding properties of which are based on the changing structure of different layers with different structures and compositions. As examples, only the surface treatment of steel or the Damascus technique are mentioned, according to which e.g. Damascus steel with different hardness can be produced, which is characterized by high strength and elasticity.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of providing a method for the continuous production of a fiber insulation web, which allows a targeted arrangement of fibers within the cross sections of the fiber insulation web with special surface properties or properties of the fiber insulation material within the fiber insulation web with little manufacturing effort.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the primary nonwoven is split up into two or more partial webs in front of the curing oven and that at least one partial web is lifted off, strongly compressed while aligning the fibers and then fed back to the other partial webs and thus cured together in the curing oven becomes.

The main advantage is that a targeted treatment of the primary nonwoven can be carried out within the normal manufacturing process, so that a finished fiber insulation web is already available at the exit from the curing oven, which is not homogeneous, but specifically special surface properties and / or special properties within the Has fiber insulation web. By the strong compression of the respective partial web, the fibers are aligned, ie while the fibers in the primary nonwoven are still largely disordered, they assume a position in the highly compressed partial web essentially parallel to the large surfaces of the partial web.

Subclaims 2 to 23 relate to advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention. These are explained below. It has proven particularly advantageous for wide areas of application that the lifted partial web is compressed to one third to one fifth, so that the density is three to five times the original bulk density. The thickness of the split partial webs can be chosen so that the layer thickness of the highly compressed partial web is up to about 5 mm in the final state. Depending on the application, the thickness can also be selected to be significantly larger. The highly compressed or highly compressed partial web can be between guides, e.g. moving belts, are held up to the feed point to the remaining primary nonwoven or the other partial webs, in order to then be guided together in the compressed state together with the less compressed partial webs through the hardening furnace, whereby here, too, springing up is prevented by pressure rollers or moving webs .

Instead, a viscous binder can also advantageously be pressed continuously into the partial web in order to prevent springback, so that the fibers are held within the fiber layer of the partial web and cannot become detached.

As a rule, it is advantageous to continuously convey the primary nonwoven in a horizontal position and to split it into partial webs by means of one or more horizontal cuts. With larger layer thicknesses, ie when the different structures have a mass ratio of 1: 1 If the partial web to be strongly compressed initially has the same layer thickness as the rest of the primary nonwoven, it is procedurally more favorable that the horizontally guided primary nonwoven is split into partial webs by one or more vertical cuts, and that the partial webs are horizontally superimposed on one another after different compression and be connected to each other before they reach the hardening furnace together.

Another proposal according to the invention is that each lifted, compressed partial web, in particular by means of a microwave generator, hot air stream or surface emitters, is cured at least in some areas before the actual curing takes place in the curing oven.

Furthermore, it is proposed within the scope of the invention that additional binders are applied between the partial webs. In this way, the respective highly compressed partial web is securely glued to the remaining part of the primary fleece. The binder is advantageously applied to both facing surfaces of the partial webs.

If the highly compressed partial webs in the end product form one or alternatively both surface layers, the compacted surface has increased mechanical strength, which enables insulation holders to be held securely on walls, glued-on roof sealing sheets and, above all, with partial bonding. The fiber insulation materials treated in this way release fewer components, i.e. practically no abrasion occurs. The fiber insulation web as the end product is therefore easy to use and resistant to wind attacks, especially if the fiber insulation webs are attached to clad the outer walls of buildings or the like.

It is also proposed that the outer surface of each compressed partial web is treated with additional paints and / or impregnating agents until it is sandable. In this way, natural stone-like surfaces can be produced.

It is also expedient that the outer surface of the respectively compressed partial web is treated or coated with materials which are highly thermally resistant up to about 1000 ° C., in particular materials which fail in the known sol-gel process. In this way, the fiber insulation webs produced according to the invention can be used in thermally highly stressed application areas.

As part of the continuous production process, moisture-impermeable blocking agents can also be applied to the inner surface of the compressed partial web. In this way the penetration of moisture, e.g. Plaster moisture can be prevented in the less densely compressed part of the fiber insulation web.

In the continuous production process, an air-permeable and thermally stable reinforcing agent, advantageously in the form of thin nonwovens, woven fabrics or braids, can also be applied to the outer and / or inner surface of the respectively compressed partial web without major technical effort. This primarily serves to increase the tear resistance of the respective surface.

Instead, metal or ceramic fibers and particles provided with inorganic binders, in particular water glass and its derivatives or silicic acid esters of colloidal silicic acid, can also be sprayed on the outer and / or inner surface of the compressed partial web. This also results in a substantial hardening and mechanical resilience of the surfaces.

Alternatively, it is proposed that the to be compressed Partial reflective materials, in particular metal powder, metal mesh and metal mesh or ceramic materials such as mica, are introduced in such a way that these materials are embedded after compression. This structuring, especially due to the surfaces that strongly reflect heat rays, significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the fiber insulation material, especially at high temperatures.

With single or multiple horizontal splitting or opening. separating the primary fleece, several laminar structures or different layers extending through the cross section can be created. The reflective substances can then be introduced in one or more layers. It is particularly advantageous that these reflective layers are introduced at distances of less than 20 mm from the outer surfaces of the fiber insulation web.

The above-mentioned methods result in several fundamental advantages. With a suitable choice of the ratio of the layer thickness and the bulk density between the respective surface layer or the highly compressed partial web on the one hand and the core of the material, that is to say the other less compressed primary nonwoven layer on the other hand, flexible but nevertheless equipped with a hard surface insulating materials can be produced continuously, so eg for pipe jackets, for apparatus construction or similar areas of application. When using wire nets for reinforcement, wire mesh mats can be produced in which the wire mesh is completely integrated in the surface of the mat or web. As a result, the perforation of the insulation material during subsequent quilting, as was previously the case, is avoided. The fiber layer on the outside also prevents direct contact of, for example, galvanized wire mesh with sheathing sheets, for example made of aluminum. It is also advantageous that flexible, yet intrinsically solid fiber insulation materials can be produced by the previously explained methods, which are, for example, ideally suited for the insulation of flexible roof shells and which at the same time ensure that profiles, such as trapezoidal sheets, are bridged in roof structures.

It is also proposed that foam-forming substances be introduced into the partial web to be compressed in order to increase the fire resistance duration. This is particularly recommended if fiber insulation is used in components that are exposed to high temperatures, e.g. could be exposed if a fire breaks out.

A further teaching according to the invention is to form the primary nonwoven by unfolding a thin, continuous nonwoven layer and to apply reinforcing agents to the nonwoven layers before unfolding. In this way, a certain structural effect can be achieved in the primary nonwoven, especially a high compressive strength perpendicular to the surface of the primary nonwoven. Then the described splitting into partial webs, an additional special treatment of at least one partial web and finally the common curing in the hardening furnace can then be carried out again. The basic structural effect of the unfolding can still be supplemented and improved, namely by using different feed speeds between parts of the transport system on the way in front of and in the hardening furnace. Inorganic or organic binders reinforced with fibers or metal particles can be selected as reinforcing agents which are applied before the nonwoven layer is unfolded. Alternatively, glass nonwovens, glass braids or woven fabrics or metal braids or woven fabrics can be selected as reinforcing agents. In any case, the internal cohesion of the fiber insulation material is improved considerably.

Loose fibers and a binder can alternatively be selected as reinforcing agents for the nonwoven layer before it is unfolded, and are simultaneously sprayed onto the thin nonwoven layer. It is recommended to use thermal to use durable fibers. While the area of application, in particular of stone fiber insulation materials, has hitherto been below 750 ° C., the measures according to the invention can significantly increase the area of application to approximately 1000 ° C.

In combination with the highly compressed or compressed zones or layers (partial webs) described above, the result is fiber insulation materials with completely new properties, above all with high shear and tear resistance, so that they e.g. suitable for direct use as facade cladding on buildings and the like. At the same time, the resilience of weakly binder-containing but highly compressed fiber insulation materials can be reduced.

Regarding the unfolding of the thin nonwoven layer to the described primary nonwoven, the following different suggestions are made depending on the field of application. On the one hand, it is possible to unfold the thin nonwoven layer in such a way that the folds are essentially vertical or perpendicular to the large areas of the primary nonwoven. In this case there is a very high compressive strength perpendicular to the large areas of the primary fleece and thus later in the end product. Alternatively, the thin layer of nonwoven can be unfolded in such a way that the folds lie one on top of the other in steps horizontally or inclined at an angle of less than 90 ° to the large areas of the primary nonwoven. This allows the strength properties desired for the respective application to be adjusted.

The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the above-described method, wherein the fibers, in particular mineral fibers, are collected in a collecting chamber to form a continuous primary nonwoven with simultaneous spraying on of binding agents and impregnating agents (lubricants), the primary nonwoven is compressed between rolls or belts and is then continuously conveyed to a hardening furnace for curing the binding agents and impregnating agents.

The device according to the invention is characterized in that separating devices for splitting the primary fleece into two or more partial webs are arranged in the area between the collecting chamber and the hardening furnace, that guides for lifting at least one partial web are provided after the separating device that pressure rollers or belts for strong compression of each lifted partial web is present and that such treatment facilities are connected in such a way that each partial web is returned in compressed form to the rest of the primary fleece and is passed together with it through the hardening furnace.

Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention result from subclaims 25 to 30.

• Figur 1 eine Prinzipzeichnung einer Vorrichtung, wobei eine Teilbahn von dem Primärvlies abgetrennt, abgehoben und separat weiter behandelt wird und wobei der Trennschnitt waagerecht verläuft,
• Figur 2 eine Teildraufsicht auf eine Sammelkammer und ein Primärvlies mit einer Trennvorrichtung für einen vertikalen Schnitt,
• Figur 3 eine Seitenansicht auf das Primärvlies gemäß Figur 2 mit Darstellung einer unterschiedlichen Behandlung der Teilbahnen,
• Figur 4 Seitenansicht auf ein Teilstück einer fertigen Faserdämmstoffbahn,
• Figur 5 Seitenansicht auf eine anderes Teilstück einer fertigen Faserdämmstoffbahn,
• Figur 6 wiederum eine Seitenansicht auf ein Teilstück einer anderen Faserdämmstoffbahn,
• Figur 7 eine weitere Seitenansicht auf einTeilstück einer anderen Faserdämmstoffbahn,
• Figur 8 eine Seitenansicht auf ein Teilstück einer weiteren Faserdämmstoffbahn,
• Figur 9 eine Stirnansicht auf eine Rohrleitungsdämmung und
• Figur 10 eine Prinzipzeichnung einer anderen Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown in the diagram, namely show

• FIG. 1 shows a basic drawing of a device, a partial web being separated from the primary fleece, being lifted off and treated separately, and the separating cut being horizontal,
• FIG. 2 shows a partial top view of a collecting chamber and a primary fleece with a separating device for a vertical cut,
• FIG. 3 shows a side view of the primary fleece according to FIG. 2 with a different treatment of the partial webs,
• FIG. 4 is a side view of a section of a finished fiber insulation web,
• Figure 5 side view of another section of a manufacture fiber insulation web,
• FIG. 6 again a side view of a section of another fiber insulation web,
• FIG. 7 shows a further side view of a section of another fiber insulation web,
• FIG. 8 shows a side view of a section of a further fiber insulation web,
• Figure 9 is an end view of a pipe insulation and
• Figure 10 is a schematic drawing of another device in side view.

Figure 1 illustrates purely schematically an embodiment of the device according to the invention. In a known collecting chamber 1, indicated only schematically, the fibers produced to form a fiber insulation web, in particular mineral fibers, are collected while simultaneously spraying binders and impregnating agents into a continuous primary fleece moved in the direction of arrow 3. The primary fleece is then compacted in a known manner between rollers 4 or belts on the top and bottom of the primary fleece and then continuously conveyed to a hardening furnace 5 for hardening the binding and impregnating agents. The device according to the invention has, in the area between the collecting chamber 1 and the hardening furnace 5, separation devices 6 for splitting the primary fleece 2 into two or more partial webs. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the division into two partial webs 7 and 8 takes place. While the lower partial web 7 of the primary nonwoven in the pre-compressed state is conveyed on to the curing oven 5 without further treatment, the other partial web 8 is lifted off. For this purpose, following the separating device 6 not shown guides, such as sliding surfaces, rollers or belts provided. For better clarification, the partial web 8 in FIG. 7 is drawn at a steep angle to the partial web 7. In practice, the mutual course of the two partial webs can be made much flatter. After lifting off, the partial web 8 is strongly compressed by pressure rollers 9 and 10 or suitable pressure belts. Following the pressure rollers or belts, treatment devices of this type are connected downstream so that the partial web 8 in compressed form is fed back to the remaining primary fleece 7 and is passed together with it through the hardening furnace 5. Exemplary embodiments of the treatment devices are explained in more detail below.

The separating devices are advantageously designed as band saws, which are optionally arranged for horizontal or vertical cuts. In the embodiment of Figure 1, a band saw is available for a horizontal cut. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, a separating device 11 with a drive 12 is provided for a vertical cut.

In the area of the pressure rollers 9, 10 or tapes, a gluing roller 13 is advantageously arranged, which is used for applying a glue, but in particular for pressing in a viscous binder. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the gluing roller is located between two pairs of pressure rollers 9, 10. Another pressure roller 14 presses the partial web 8 onto the gluing roller.

Following the compression device formed from pressure rollers or belts, a further treatment device 15 is advantageously provided for the compressed partial web 8. For this purpose, either a microwave generator or a surface radiator or a device for generating a hot air stream can be provided on one side or expediently on both sides. Through this treatment device, the binders contained and / or additionally applied in the lifted partial web 8 are at least partially cured. In this way, springing up of the compressed partial web is prevented, so that additional pressing devices on the way to the curing oven 5 are unnecessary, and secondly, the partial web can be given mechanical and thermal properties which are desired for the surface layer of the end product.

If the partial web 8 is to be further consolidated and reinforced, it is expedient to arrange additional spraying devices 16 on the outside or, if appropriate, also on both sides of the lifted partial web, through which the reinforcing means recorded above can be applied before the partial web is combined with the partial web 7 of the rest Primary fleece and the common final curing takes place in the curing oven 5. For further reinforcement and in particular for an improved connection between the two partial webs 7 and 8, an additional feed device 17 can advantageously be arranged in the region between the partial web 7 of the primary fleece and the lifted partial web 8. This feed device 17 is shown in simplified form in FIG. 1 as a roll or winding roller. The feed device 17 serves to feed air-permeable and thermally stable reinforcing agents, in particular thin polyester nonwovens, fabrics or braids. Glass fleeces, glass silk mesh and metal mesh woven or - braids may also be mentioned. At the entrance to the hardening furnace 5 and inside the hardening furnace there are further pressure rollers 18 or suitable pressure belts. In the exemplary embodiment, FIG. 1 shows only a raised partial web 8 and a remaining partial web 7 of the primary nonwoven. Instead, however, a further partial web can also be split off from the underside of the primary nonwoven, lifted off and treated in accordance with partial web 8. When it comes down to it To give the end product different properties, in particular strength properties, seen across the cross section, the primary nonwoven can also be split into a correspondingly larger number of partial webs, which then alternate, as described above for partial web 8, treated or how partial web 7 is not treated cured binders are left.

Figures 2 and 3 show another embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is recommended if the split webs of the primary nonwoven should initially have about the same thickness. For manufacturing reasons, it is then easier to provide a separating device 11 with an output 12, which carries out a vertical cut, that is to say a cut perpendicular to the primary fleece 2. If a multiple layering is desired, several cuts are made simultaneously side by side. In each case one partial web 19 is then continued like the partial web 7 (FIG. 1) with uncured binder up to the holding furnace 5, while the other partial web 20 is compressed and further treated in accordance with the partial web 8. The pressing device, which at the same time aligns the partial web 20, is provided with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1. Otherwise, the explanations for FIG. 1 also apply to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3. It is common and important in all cases that the compression and treatment processes take place continuously and in the distance between the collecting chamber and the hardening furnace.

FIG. 4 shows a side view of a section of a finished web as it leaves the hardening furnace, namely with a relatively low-density core 21, which corresponds to the partial web 7 (FIG. 1), and with a highly compressed and treated surface layer 22 with a predominantly laminar one Structure of the fibers, ie the fibers are oriented essentially horizontally or parallel to the large areas of the web. FIG. 5 shows a side view corresponding to FIG. 4, but with alternating, slightly compressed layers 23, 24 and 25 and highly compressed and treated thin layers 26, 27, 28 and 29, layers 26 and 29 forming the two surface layers. FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a finished product with two highly compressed and treated outer surface layers 30 and 31 and a low-density middle layer 32, but this layer 32 has been split into partial webs in the previous manufacturing process. Reinforcement means 33, such as metal powder, metal mesh and other reinforcement means explained above, are embedded between these partial webs.

Figure 7 shows an embodiment which corresponds essentially to that of Figure 4, but here in the highly compressed surface layer 22 e.g. a wire mesh 34 is embedded. Figure 8 shows an embodiment with a less compressed layer 35 which e.g. has a weight of 30 kg / m³. The highly compressed surface layer 36, on the other hand, has a weight of, for example, 120 kg / m 3, which is also laminated with a film 37 or a thin sheet. Such a fiber insulation web is particularly suitable for the insulation of pipelines 38 according to FIG. 9.

FIG. 10 shows in the diagram another sub-device which can also be used in the context of the overall device according to the invention explained above. In this case, the uncured primary fleece coming from a collecting chamber is fed vertically from above with a smaller web thickness to a pressing device 40, which essentially corresponds to the pressing device according to FIG. 1 and which at the same time serves to align the primary fleece 39. The primary nonwoven web 39 comes in the compressed state to a pendulum device 41, which advantageously consists of two circulating endless belts and oscillates back and forth in the direction of arrow 42, so that the primary fleece is deposited in a meandering manner on a conveyor device to form a relatively thick fleece layer 43, which is then continuously conveyed in the direction of arrow 44 . It is understood that the conveying speed is selected such that the meandering fleece layers 45, which are shown in simplified form, lie close together. Before being deposited to the fleece layer 43, the primary fleece 39 can also be covered with air-permeable and temperature-resistant reinforcing material 46, which is fed from a winding roll 47. Furthermore, a spray device 48 or a feed device for reinforcing agents can be arranged at a suitable location. The above explanations for FIG. 1, specifically with regard to the treatment device 15, the spray device 16 and the feed device 17, apply here analogously. A fleece layer 43 can be formed with the aid of the device according to FIG. Due to the action of the reinforcement, the strength properties in all other directions are also very good. The fibers within the nonwoven layer 43 run essentially perpendicular to the large surfaces. The placement and the conveying speed can also be chosen so that the fleece layers 45 and thus most of the fibers are inclined or oblique to the large surfaces. The fleece layer 43 is further treated in this exemplary embodiment, similarly to the primary fleece 2 (FIG. 1), ie it can be split further here by separating devices 49, so that again one or more partial webs are formed which correspond to FIG. 1 or FIGS 3 described further can be treated. In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, only two partial webs 50 and 51 are shown, however, multiple splitting and treatment can also be carried out here.

According to the exemplary embodiments explained above, the partial webs are treated essentially in relation to the large horizontal surfaces, e.g. compressed etc. or the partial webs were given a fold or a meandering nonwoven layer. According to a further advantageous method according to the invention, at least one of the partial webs can be compressed or compressed in the conveying direction and / or transverse direction. This can e.g. in that the conveyor belts for the partial webs are driven at different conveying speeds, so that at least one of the partial webs is compressed or compressed in the conveying direction in relation to other partial webs. In terms of the device, they can also be at least so that the partial web in question can be compressed or compressed in the transverse direction to the conveying direction. This upsetting or compressing can optionally be carried out at the most varied of locations between the splitting point on the one hand and the hardening furnace on the other.

In this way there is the essential advantage that the fibers do not run parallel to the large surfaces within the partial web in question, but rather more or less obliquely thereto or with a directional component which is oriented perpendicular to the large surfaces. This reorientation of the fibers results in greater strength properties, in particular greater compressive strength perpendicular to the surfaces.

Claims (33)

1. A process for the continuous production of a Fasserdämmstoffbahn, in particular from mineral fibers, wherein a coming from a collection chamber with binding and impregnating (lubricating) provided primary fleece compacted and fed to a curing oven for curing the binding and impregnating agent, characterized in that the primary nonwoven the curing oven is split into two or more partial webs and that at least one partial web is lifted off, strongly compressed while aligning the fibers and then fed back to the other partial webs and is thus cured together in the curing oven. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifted partial web is compressed to a third to a fifth, so that the density is three to five times the original bulk density. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a viscous binder is pressed in continuously to prevent springback in the partial web. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the horizontally guided primary fleece is split into one or more horizontal cuts in partial webs becomes. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the horizontally guided primary fleece is split into partial webs by one or more vertical cuts and that the partial webs are horizontally superimposed and connected to one another after different compression. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each lifted, compressed partial web is cured at least in some areas, in particular by means of a microwave generator, hot air flow or surface emitters. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that additional binder is applied between the partial webs. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is applied to both mutually facing surfaces of the partial webs. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer surface of the compressed partial web is treated with additional paints and / or impregnating agents until it can be sanded. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer surface of the compressed partial web with up to about 1000 ° C. highly thermally stable materials, in particular materials that fail, are treated or coated in the known sol-gel process. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a moisture-impermeable blocking agent is applied to the inner surface of the compressed partial web. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that air-permeable and thermally stable reinforcing agents, in particular thin nonwovens, fabrics or braids, are applied to the outer and / or inner surface of the compressed partial web. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that provided on the outer and / or inner surface of the compressed partial web with inorganic binders, in particular water glass and its derivatives or silica esters of colloidal silica, metal or ceramic fibers and particles be sprayed on. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the partial web to be compressed reflective materials, in particular metal powder, woven and braided metal or ceramic materials, such as mica, are introduced in such a way that these materials are embedded after compression . 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the reflective substances are introduced in one or more layers. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the layers are introduced at intervals of less than 20 mm from the surfaces. 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that foam-forming substances are introduced into the partial web to be compressed in order to increase the fire resistance duration. 18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary nonwoven is formed by unfolding a thin continuous nonwoven layer, and that reinforcing agents are applied to the nonwoven layer before the unfolding. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that reinforced inorganic or organic binders are selected as reinforcing agents with fibers or metal particles. 20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that glass nonwovens, glass mesh or glass fabric or metal mesh or ewoven fabric are selected as reinforcing agents. 21. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that loose fibers and a reinforcing agent Binders can be selected that are sprayed onto the thin nonwoven layer at the same time. 22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the unfolding of the thin nonwoven layer is carried out in such a way that the folds run essentially vertically or perpendicularly to the large areas of the primary nonwoven. 23. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the unfolding of the thin nonwoven layer is carried out in such a way that the folds lie one above the other stepwise horizontally or obliquely inclined at an angle less than 90 ° to the large areas of the primary nonwoven. 24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the partial webs in the conveying direction and / or transverse direction is compressed or compressed so that the fibers within this partial web are oriented with a directional component perpendicular to the large surfaces. 25. The apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the fibers, in particular mineral fibers, with simultaneous spraying of binding agents and impregnating agents (lubricants) collected in a collecting chamber to form a continuous primary nonwoven, the primary nonwoven compressed between rolls or belts and then continuously into one Hardening furnace for curing the binder and impregnating agent is promoted, characterized in that separating devices for splitting the primary fleece into two or more partial webs are arranged in the area between the collecting chamber and the hardening furnace, that guides to the separating device after the separating device lift at least one partial web are provided that pressure rollers or belts are available for strongly compressing each lifted partial web and that such treatment facilities are connected that each partial web is returned in compressed form to the rest of the primary fleece and is passed together with it through the hardening furnace. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the separating devices consist of band saws, which are optionally arranged for horizontal or vertical cuts. 27. The apparatus of claim 25 or 26 ,, characterized in that at least one gluing roller, in particular for pressing in a viscous binder, is provided in the region of the pressure rollers or belts. 28. Device according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the treatment devices optionally have a microwave generator, a surface radiator or a device for generating a hot air stream, such that the binders contained and / or additionally applied in the lifted partial web at least partially harden . 29. Device according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized by an additional task Devices for air-permeable and thermally stable reinforcing agents, in particular thin polyester fleeces, fabrics or braids. 30. Device according to one of claims 25 to 29, characterized by additional spray devices for applying reinforcing agents. 31. Device according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterized by a pendulum device for forming a primary fleece from a pretreated thin continuous fleece layer by unfolding. 32. Device according to one of claims 25 to 31, characterized in that the conveyor belts for the partial webs are driven at different conveying speeds, so that at least one of the partial webs is compressed or compressed in the conveying direction in relation to other partial webs. 33. Device according to one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that lateral pressing members are provided for at least one partial web, so that the partial web can be compressed or compressed in the transverse direction to the conveying direction.

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