EP0034224A2 - Process for reinforcing wooden beams, and beams so obtained - Google Patents
Process for reinforcing wooden beams, and beams so obtained Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0034224A2 EP0034224A2 EP80200431A EP80200431A EP0034224A2 EP 0034224 A2 EP0034224 A2 EP 0034224A2 EP 80200431 A EP80200431 A EP 80200431A EP 80200431 A EP80200431 A EP 80200431A EP 0034224 A2 EP0034224 A2 EP 0034224A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- beams
- layer
- fibers
- holes
- reinforcing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/18—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with metal or other reinforcements or tensioning members
- E04C3/185—Synthetic reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
- B27M3/0046—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally by rods or tie wires
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/18—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with metal or other reinforcements or tensioning members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0248—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of elements made of wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for reinforcing wooden beams and extends to the wooden beams thus reinforced.
- the invention is primarily, but not exclusively, aimed at restoring old beams or strengthening existing structural beams with a view to adapting their resistance to new conditions of use.
- the system according to the present invention belongs to the first group.
- the present invention proposes to offer an effective and perfectly satisfactory solution to this problem, that is to say of the meeting of two beams of any size in a mechanical whole.
- Reinforcing beam 1 is an old gnawed beam, the bad parts of which must be completely removed and any hollows must be filled with an appropriate epoxy resin or a suitable mixture of epoxy resin.
- the contact surface, to which the new reinforcement beam 2 will apply, must be carefully flattened with the plane and the beam must be carefully smoothed over its entire surface by sandblasting.
- Said contact surface is coated with a layer of glass fibers 3 of 300-400 g / m 2 , on which the reinforcing beam 2 is placed.
- anchoring holes 4 which form a vertical angle of about 45 ° relative to the transverse section plane of the beams.
- these anchor holes are staggered in two rows. The number, interval and vertical angle of the holes vary from case to case.
- each anchoring hole 4 is inserted a reinforcing rod 5, for example in the form of a synthetic resin rod reinforced with glass fibers.
- a reinforcing rod 5 for example in the form of a synthetic resin rod reinforced with glass fibers.
- the joints between the two beams are then closed using a formwork, a cement-based mortar or synthetic resin, or bituminous canvas.
- a suitable mixture based on epoxy resins is then introduced by casting or injection so as to completely fill the holes and completely impregnate the layer of fibers.
- the epoxy resin mixture is sufficiently cured after approximately 24 hours.
- the hole plug is removed and the remaining slots are stuffed by injecting an epoxy resin or other suitable product.
- the soiled parts of the beam are finally thoroughly cleaned and, if necessary, painted.
- An oak wood beam composed of two beams glued together by the method according to the invention and having a length of 2000 mm, a height of 400 mm and a width of 200 mm, is placed on two supports spaced 1700 mm apart and gradually charged in the middle.
- the following deflections are measured: 3.5 mm under a load of 10,000 kg, 5.48 mm under a load of 15,000 kg and 6.85 mm under a load of 18,000 kg. Break at 30,000 kg.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a trait à un procédé de renforcement de poutres de bois et s'étend aux poutres de bois ainsi renforcées.The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing wooden beams and extends to the wooden beams thus reinforced.
L'invention vise en tout premier lieu, mais pas exclusivement, la restauration de vieilles poutres ou le renforcement de poutres de charpentes existantes en vue de l'adaptation de leur résistance à de nouvelles conditions de mise en oeuvre.The invention is primarily, but not exclusively, aimed at restoring old beams or strengthening existing structural beams with a view to adapting their resistance to new conditions of use.
On connaît déjà plusieurs procédés de renforcement de poutres de bois, caractérisés, les uns, par la fixation d'une nouvelle poutre à la poutre à renforcer et, les autres, par l'emploi de tiges de renforcement métalliques (brevet allemand n° 547.576). Le système selon la présente invention appartient au premier groupe.Several methods of reinforcing wooden beams are already known, characterized, some by fixing a new beam to the beam to be reinforced and, others, by the use of metal reinforcing rods (German patent n ° 547.576 ). The system according to the present invention belongs to the first group.
L'application du système comportant la réunion de deux poutres sous forme d'un ensemble constituant un tout mécanique bien défini s'est limitée jusqu'à présent à la réunion de poutres de section relativement réduite. La raison en est que les techniques connues rencontrent de grandes difficultés et s'avèrent même inapplicables lorsqu'il s'agit de réunir des poutres de grandes dimensions, et cela surtout lorsque le travail doit être exécuté au chantier.The application of the system comprising the joining of two beams in the form of an assembly constituting a well defined mechanical whole has hitherto been limited to the joining of beams of relatively small section. The reason is that the known techniques encounter great difficulties and even prove to be inapplicable when it is a question of joining together large beams, and this especially when the work has to be executed on site.
Aussi, la présente invention se propose-t-elle d'offrir une solution efficace et parfaitement satisfaisante de ce problème, c'est-à-dire de la-réunion de deux poutres de dimensions quelconques en un tout mécanique.Also, the present invention proposes to offer an effective and perfectly satisfactory solution to this problem, that is to say of the meeting of two beams of any size in a mechanical whole.
A cet effet, le procédé selon l'invention concernant la fixation d'une poutre de renforcement de bois sur ou contre une poutre de bois à renforcer, comporte au moins les stades suivants :
- a) mise en contact mutuel des deux poutres à réunir dans la position requise avec intercalation d'une couche de fibres;
- b) perçage d'une pluralité de trous d'ancrage à travers les deux poutres et la couche de fibres;
- c) introduction de tiges d'armature dans les trous ainsi obtenus;
- d) obturation des joints entre les deux poutres; et
- e) introduction par coulage ou par injection d'une résine époxy ou d'un mélange de résines époxy dans lesdits trous d'ancrage jusqu'à leur remplissage total et jusqu'à l'imprégnation totale de la couche de fibres.
- a) mutual contact of the two beams to be brought together in the required position with the insertion of a layer of fibers;
- b) drilling a plurality of anchor holes through the two beams and the fiber layer;
- c) introduction of reinforcing rods into the holes thus obtained;
- d) sealing of the joints between the two beams; and
- e) introduction by casting or by injection of an epoxy resin or a mixture of epoxy resins into said anchoring holes until they are completely filled and until the fiber layer is completely impregnated.
Les caractéristiques et avantages du système selon l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description détaillée suivante d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre, donnée sans intention restrictive aucune et illustrée par le dessin annexé, où
- la figure 1 représente une poutre renforcée par le système selon l'invention en vue latérale; et
- la figure 2 représente une vue d'en dessus de la poutre renforcée selon la figure 1.
- Figure 1 shows a beam reinforced by the system according to the invention in side view; and
- FIG. 2 represents a top view of the reinforced beam according to FIG. 1.
La poutre à renforcer 1 est une vieille poutre rongée, dont les mauvaises parties doivent être totalement enlevées et les creux éventuels doivent être remplis d'une résine époxy appropriée ou d'un mélange approprié de résine époxy.Reinforcing
Il s'agit de même des têtes, ce qui exige la mise en oeuvre d'un coffrage à enlever ultérieurement.It is the same heads, which requires the implementation of a formwork to remove later.
La surface de contact, à laquelle s'appliquera la nouvelle poutre de renforcement 2, doit être soigneusement aplanie au rabot et la poutre doit être soigneusement lissée sur toute sa surface par sablage.The contact surface, to which the
Ladite surface de contact est revêtue d'une couche de fibres de verre 3 de 300-400 g/m2, sur laquelle on dispose la poutre de renforcement 2.Said contact surface is coated with a layer of glass fibers 3 of 300-400 g / m 2 , on which the reinforcing
Après l'alignement mutuel des deux poutres 1 et 2 est percée une pluralité de trous d'ancrage 4, qui forment un angle vertical d'environ 45° par rapport au plan de coupe transversal des poutres. Comme le montre la figure 2, ces trous d'ancrage sont disposés en quinconce en deux rangées. Le nombre, l'intervalle et l'angle vertical des trous varient d'un cas à l'autre.After the mutual alignment of the two
Dans chaque trou d'ancrage 4 est insérée une tige d'armature 5, par exemple sous forme d'une tige de résine synthétique armée de fibres de verre. Les joints entre les deux poutres sont ensuite obturés au moyen d'un coffrage, d'un mortier à base de ciment ou de résine synthétique, ou de toile bituminée.In each
Par les trous d'ancrage est ensuite introduit par coulage ou par injection un mélange approprié à base de résines époxy de manière à remplir totalement les trous et à imprégner totalement la couche de fibres.Through the anchoring holes, a suitable mixture based on epoxy resins is then introduced by casting or injection so as to completely fill the holes and completely impregnate the layer of fibers.
Le mélange à base de résines époxy est suffisamment durci après une durée d'environ 24 heures. L'obturation des trous est enlevée et les fentes restantes sont bourrées par injection d'une résine époxy ou d'un autre produit approprié.The epoxy resin mixture is sufficiently cured after approximately 24 hours. The hole plug is removed and the remaining slots are stuffed by injecting an epoxy resin or other suitable product.
Les parties salies de la poutre sont finalement soigneusement nettoyées et, le cas échéant, peintes.The soiled parts of the beam are finally thoroughly cleaned and, if necessary, painted.
Une poutre de bois de chêne, composée de deux poutres collées ensemble par le procédé selon l'invention et accusant une longueur de 2000 mm, une hauteur de 400 mm et une largeur de 200 mm, est disposée sur deux appuis distants de 1700 mm et chargée progressivement en son milieu. Les flèches suivantes sont mesurées : 3,5 mm sous une charge de 10 000 kg, 5,48 mm sous une charge de 15 000 kg et 6,85 mm sous une charge de 18 000 kg. Rupture à 30 000 kg.An oak wood beam, composed of two beams glued together by the method according to the invention and having a length of 2000 mm, a height of 400 mm and a width of 200 mm, is placed on two supports spaced 1700 mm apart and gradually charged in the middle. The following deflections are measured: 3.5 mm under a load of 10,000 kg, 5.48 mm under a load of 15,000 kg and 6.85 mm under a load of 18,000 kg. Break at 30,000 kg.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE58408 | 1980-02-15 | ||
BE2/58408A BE881734A (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-02-15 | METHOD FOR STRENGTHENING WOODEN BEAMS AND Beams BEEN THEREFORE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0034224A2 true EP0034224A2 (en) | 1981-08-26 |
EP0034224A3 EP0034224A3 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
Family
ID=3865494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80200431A Withdrawn EP0034224A3 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-05-08 | Process for reinforcing wooden beams, and beams so obtained |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0034224A3 (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2134956A (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-22 | Rickards Timber Treatment Limi | Upgrading or restoring a timber beam |
FR2546439A1 (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-11-30 | Cougnaud Fils Sa | Method for assembling plane strips and panel thus obtained |
GB2150969A (en) * | 1983-12-06 | 1985-07-10 | Dinardo And Partners | Restoring and strengthening of timber components |
EP0163781A1 (en) * | 1984-05-02 | 1985-12-11 | Groot Lemmer B.V. | Method and device for manufacturing a composite prestressed wooden beam |
FR2585393A1 (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-01-30 | Renofors France | Beam or other construction element made of timber which is reinforced by means of a reinforcing element, and method for its manufacture |
EP1596017A2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-16 | Berg, Gerhard, Prof.Dr.-Ing. | Method for increasing the load capacity, the stiffness and the damping of vibrations of a wooden joist ceiling arrangement and wooden joist ceiling arrangement with increased load capacity, stiffness and damping of vibrations. |
FR2871089A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-09 | Christian Plee | Wooden structure e.g. boarder floor, reinforcement and/or restitution method for woodwork construction field, involves forming recesses in stiffening girder, fixing girder on wooden structure, and injecting resin in recesses |
WO2008148897A1 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | Mikel Landa Esparza | Method for in situ restoration of wood beams |
WO2010057243A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-27 | Patrick Thornton | Timber structural member |
US8910454B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2014-12-16 | Loggo IP Pty. Ltd. | Timber structural member |
FR3012496A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-01 | Lefevre M | METHOD OF REINFORCING A BUILDING ELEMENT BY ASSEMBLING REINFORCING MODULES AND AT LEAST ONE TERMINATION ELEMENT |
FR3012497A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-01 | Lefevre M | METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WOODEN BUILDING ELEMENT BY ASSEMBLING A POST-TENSIONED REINFORCING MODULE |
FR3012495A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-01 | Lefevre M | METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WOODEN BUILDING ELEMENT WITH A REINFORCING MODULE |
NL2014680A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-10-24 | Sealteq│Group B V | Reinforcement of a masonry wall. |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1310120A (en) * | 1963-03-06 | |||
CH398023A (en) * | 1962-04-03 | 1965-08-31 | Kengeter Kurt | Wood construction element and its use |
NL7207255A (en) * | 1972-05-29 | 1973-12-03 | Comatting woodworm - esp in building's of historic interest by injected reinforcement | |
FR2195745A1 (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-03-08 | Balm Bv | |
DE2451639A1 (en) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-05-06 | Hans Binker | Increasing strength of woods and building materials - rods of glass fibre reinforced material inserted into cut notches |
DE2510262A1 (en) * | 1975-03-08 | 1976-09-09 | Hans Binker | Strength improvement for timber beams - uses fibre bundles and webbing embedded in grooves along longitudinal faces |
-
1980
- 1980-05-08 EP EP80200431A patent/EP0034224A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1310120A (en) * | 1963-03-06 | |||
CH398023A (en) * | 1962-04-03 | 1965-08-31 | Kengeter Kurt | Wood construction element and its use |
NL7207255A (en) * | 1972-05-29 | 1973-12-03 | Comatting woodworm - esp in building's of historic interest by injected reinforcement | |
FR2195745A1 (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-03-08 | Balm Bv | |
DE2451639A1 (en) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-05-06 | Hans Binker | Increasing strength of woods and building materials - rods of glass fibre reinforced material inserted into cut notches |
DE2510262A1 (en) * | 1975-03-08 | 1976-09-09 | Hans Binker | Strength improvement for timber beams - uses fibre bundles and webbing embedded in grooves along longitudinal faces |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2134956A (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-22 | Rickards Timber Treatment Limi | Upgrading or restoring a timber beam |
FR2546439A1 (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-11-30 | Cougnaud Fils Sa | Method for assembling plane strips and panel thus obtained |
GB2150969A (en) * | 1983-12-06 | 1985-07-10 | Dinardo And Partners | Restoring and strengthening of timber components |
EP0163781A1 (en) * | 1984-05-02 | 1985-12-11 | Groot Lemmer B.V. | Method and device for manufacturing a composite prestressed wooden beam |
FR2585393A1 (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-01-30 | Renofors France | Beam or other construction element made of timber which is reinforced by means of a reinforcing element, and method for its manufacture |
EP1596017A2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-16 | Berg, Gerhard, Prof.Dr.-Ing. | Method for increasing the load capacity, the stiffness and the damping of vibrations of a wooden joist ceiling arrangement and wooden joist ceiling arrangement with increased load capacity, stiffness and damping of vibrations. |
EP1596017A3 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-04-11 | Berg, Gerhard, Prof.Dr.-Ing. | Method for increasing the load capacity, the stiffness and the damping of vibrations of a wooden joist ceiling arrangement and wooden joist ceiling arrangement with increased load capacity, stiffness and damping of vibrations. |
FR2871089A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-09 | Christian Plee | Wooden structure e.g. boarder floor, reinforcement and/or restitution method for woodwork construction field, involves forming recesses in stiffening girder, fixing girder on wooden structure, and injecting resin in recesses |
WO2008148897A1 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | Mikel Landa Esparza | Method for in situ restoration of wood beams |
US8910454B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2014-12-16 | Loggo IP Pty. Ltd. | Timber structural member |
US9605431B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2017-03-28 | Loggo Ip Pty Ltd | Timber structural member with embedded web |
EP2350408A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2011-08-03 | Loggo IP Pty Ltd. in its Capacity as Trustee for Thornton IP Trust | Timber structural member |
EP2350408A4 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2014-09-17 | Loggo Ip Pty Ltd In Its Capacity As Trustee For Thornton Ip Trust | Timber structural member |
WO2010057243A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-27 | Patrick Thornton | Timber structural member |
FR3012496A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-01 | Lefevre M | METHOD OF REINFORCING A BUILDING ELEMENT BY ASSEMBLING REINFORCING MODULES AND AT LEAST ONE TERMINATION ELEMENT |
FR3012497A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-01 | Lefevre M | METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WOODEN BUILDING ELEMENT BY ASSEMBLING A POST-TENSIONED REINFORCING MODULE |
FR3012495A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-01 | Lefevre M | METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WOODEN BUILDING ELEMENT WITH A REINFORCING MODULE |
EP2868829A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-06 | M Lefevre | Method for reinforcing a timber construction element by assembling a reinforcement module placed under post-tension |
EP2868828A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-06 | M Lefevre | Method for reinforcing a construction element by assembling reinforcing modules and at least one termination element |
EP2868841A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-06 | M Lefevre | Method for reinforcing a timber construction element by a reinforcement module |
NL2014680A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-10-24 | Sealteq│Group B V | Reinforcement of a masonry wall. |
WO2016171555A1 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-10-27 | Sealteq | Group B.V. | Reinforced masonry wall |
US11028604B2 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2021-06-08 | Sealteq I Group B.V. | Reinforced masonry wall |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0034224A3 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
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Representative=s name: DR. ING. A. RACHELI & C. |
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