EP0034021B1 - Procédé pour la coulée d'un article monocristallin en un métal ou alliage métallique - Google Patents

Procédé pour la coulée d'un article monocristallin en un métal ou alliage métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034021B1
EP0034021B1 EP81300395A EP81300395A EP0034021B1 EP 0034021 B1 EP0034021 B1 EP 0034021B1 EP 81300395 A EP81300395 A EP 81300395A EP 81300395 A EP81300395 A EP 81300395A EP 0034021 B1 EP0034021 B1 EP 0034021B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
cavity
selector
crystals
starter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81300395A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0034021A1 (fr
Inventor
Constantine Vishnevsky
Thomas Alan Kolakowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
Original Assignee
TRW Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0034021A1 publication Critical patent/EP0034021A1/fr
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Publication of EP0034021B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034021B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C30B11/14Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method characterised by the seed, e.g. its crystallographic orientation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045Directionally solidified castings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/52Alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a method of casting single crystal metal or metal alloy articles.
  • the first formed crystals are often elongated and are commonly referred to as columnar.
  • an entire cast article is composed of a single crystal; such a casting may be obtained by selecting one of many columnar crystals or grains formed at a chill surface and allowing it to enter a mould cavity having a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the desired cast article.
  • the particular crystal is selected using a crystal selector cavity with a geometrical shape such that one crystal is selected preferentially; examples of such selector cavities are shown in U.S. Patents 3,494,709; 3,542,120; 3,724,531; and 4,111,252.
  • a crystal selector cavity For a crystal selector cavity to operate successfully, it is important that the formation of crystals is not initiated in the selector cavity.
  • the initiation or nucleation of crystals in a selector cavity might occur when the inner surface of the cavity is cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the metal being cast, which could result in the growth of two or more crystals from the crystal selector cavity into a mould cavity.
  • the present invention is concerned with casting of single crystal nickel-based superalloy articles using a mould having communicating starter, selector and article-forming cavities, in which the mould is heated above the liquidus temperature of the superalloy and the molten superalloy is flowed into the starter, selector and mould cavities.
  • the formation of a plurality of crystals is initiated in the starter cavity while inhibiting initiation of crystals in the selector cavity, and crystal growth is allowed in a preferential direction such that a single crystal of superalloy is grown from the selector cavity into the article-forming cavity.
  • the initiation of crystals in the starter cavity while inhibiting initiation of crystals in the selector cavity is accomplished by retarding heat flow from the selector cavity in a direction transverse to the path of crystal growth and promoting heat flow from the selector cavity along the path of crystal growth.
  • fibrous ceramic thermal insulation material having a thermal conductivity of 1.44 to 4.60 J.m/sec.m 2 .°C (1.0 to 3.2 BTU in./hr.ft. 2 °F) in air at 982°C, which is substantially less than that of the material forming the mould, which has a thermal conductivity of 11.5 to 27.4 J.m/sec.m 2 .°C (8 to 19 BTU in./hr.ft.2°F) in air at 982°C.
  • fibrous ceramic insulation material results in improved inhibition of initiation of crystals in the selector cavity and enhanced initiation of crystals in the starter cavity.
  • the promotion of the heat flow from the selector cavity in the preferential direction of crystal growth is promoted by provision of the thermal insulation material; this is also preferably promoted by exposing the superalloy in the starter cavity to a chill plate or surface, at a temperature below the liquidus temperature.
  • a mould 10 is disposed in a furnace assembly 12 in which the mould ispre-heated prior to pouring of superalloy into the mould.
  • the furnace assembly 12 has a refractory outer wall 16 surrounded by an induction heating coil 18.
  • a graphite susceptor wall 20 is enclosed by the outer wall 16 and is heated by a magnetic field from the coil 18.
  • the furnace assembly 12 has a top plate 22 with an opening 23 through which molten superalloy can be poured into the mould 10.
  • the entire furnace assembly 12 can be disposed within a vacuum furnace in use.
  • the mould 10 has a pouring basin 32 through which molten superalloy enters radially extending passages leading to mould sections 38 of ceramic mould material.
  • a circular heat shield 36 is advantageously provided between a ceramic filled downpole 34 and the mould sections 38 which are disposed in a circular array about the downpole 34.
  • the mould sections 38 are in fluid communication with the pouring basin 32 so that molten metal can flow from the basin into the various mould sections.
  • the mould 10 is disposed on a chill plate 42, which contains passages through which cold fluid can be circulated so as to cool the chill plate 42 and thereby promote the flow of heat downwardly from the mould sections 38 to the chill plate 42.
  • Each of the identical mould sections 38 includes a cylindrical starter cavity 48 (see Figure 2), a generally helical crystal selector cavity 50 and an article-forming cavity 52.
  • the starter cavity 48 has a horizontal circular upper surface 56 which faces downwardly toward a horizontal upper surface 58 of the chill plate 42.
  • the selector cavity 50 has a lower circular opening 62 which is disposed at the centre of the upper surface 56 such that, in use, columnar metal crystals from the starter cavity 48 enter the selector cavity 50 through the opening 62.
  • the selector cavity 50 has an upper circular opening 64 through which a single crystal of metal enters the article-forming cavity 52 in use.
  • the article-forming cavity 52 has a configuration which corresponds to the desired configuration of an article which is to be cast as a single crystal of metal.
  • the starter, selector and article-forming cavities 48, 50 and 52 are all in fluid communication with one another and are defined by a wall of a suitable ceramic mould material. Although the starter, selector and article-forming cavities 48, 50 and 52 may be formed in many different ways, they are generally formed in a lost wax or shell investment process by covering a wax pattern with a slurry of ceramic mould material, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,111,252.
  • a layer of insulation material 70 is provided to extend completely around the portion of the mould section 38 containing the selector cavity 50; as illustrated, the layer of insulation material 70 also extends completely around the starter cavity 48.
  • the layer of insulation material 70 inhibits nucleation or initiation of crystals in the selector cavity 50 to thereby enable a single crystal article having the desired crystallographic orientation to be produced in the article-forming cavity 52.
  • the entire mould 10 is heated in the furnace assembly 12 to a temperature which is above the melting temperature of the metal which is to be cast.
  • Molten metal is then poured through the opening 24 into the pouring basin 32.
  • the molten metal flows from the basin 32 outwardly through radially extending passages to the various mould sections 38 and fills the starter, selector and mould cavities 48, 50 and 52 in each of the mould sections 38.
  • the metal solidifies to form many columnar crystals having longitudinal central axes which extend perpendicular to the surface 58.
  • the chill plate 42 is gradually lowered from the hot zone of the furnace 12 so that the columnar grains grow upwardly toward the upper surface 56 of the starter cavity 48. As this occurs, the solid-liquid interface between the molten and solidified metal moves upwardly and remains generally parallel to the upper surface 58 of the chill plate and the upper surface 56 of the starter cavity 48.
  • the number of crystals which enter the selector cavity 50 is substantially less than the total number which are formed at the chill plate 42.
  • the crystals which enter the selector cavity 50 continue to grow vertically upwardly in the selector cavity, this vertical growth being promoted by the chill plate 42 drawing heat from the selector cavity 50 downwardly along the path of crystal growth.
  • the vertical growth of metal crystals in the selector cavity 50 is also promoted because the heat flow in the horizontal direction from the selector cavity is retarded by the layer of thermal insulation material 70 (which tends to maintain the mould material defining the inside surfaces of the selector cavity 50 at a temperature above the melting temperature of the metal and thereby prevent initiation of crystals in the selector cavity).
  • the selector cavity 50 has a geometric configuration which allows the crystals to solidify only in a sideways direction in a liquid region, so that after the vertically growing crystals reach the upper surface of the helical passage forming the selector cavity 50, further growth in the selector cavity occurs only for crystals that can solidify sideways into the liquid region. Although a substantial number of crystals initially enter the selector cavity 50, competition between the crystals as the solid-liquid interface moves vertically upwardly leads to selection of only one crystal.
  • a helical selector cavity is illustrated and described herein, but other geometric configurations can be used, if desired.
  • the selected crystal enters the article-forming cavity 52 through the opening 64 and then continues to solidify upwardly to form a single crystal article having a desired configuration.
  • the layer of insulation material 70 reduces heat loss from the selector cavity 50 in a direction transverse to the path of crystal growth, thereby promoting upward growth of crystals in a manner which tends to reduce nucleation of spurious crystals in the selector cavity 50, thus promoting the entrance of a single crystal into the article-forming cavity 52. Since this single crystal results from crystals initially formed as the upper surface 58 of the chill plate 42, the single crystal which enters the article-forming cavity 52, and thus the resulting article formed in cavity 52, will have a crystallographic orientation which can be predicted with a reasonable degree of certainty.
  • the fibrous ceramic insulation material should extend not only around the crystal selector cavity 50, but also around the starter cavity 48. Under certain circumstances it may be desirable to have the layer of fibrous ceramic insulation material formed in one or more sections with and/or without one or more spaces through which ceramic mould material is exposed.
  • the mould 10 may be of a conventional composition which comprises a complex aggregate of particulate ceramic held together with a binder; a particularly suitable mould material is described in U.S. Patent 4,066,116.
  • the thermal conductivities of two exemplary known mould materials were approximately 15.8 and 23 J.m/sec.m 2 .°C (11 and 16 BTU inch per hr.ft. 2 °F, respectively) in air at 1000°C (1832°F), while their densities at room temperature were from 2470 to 2630 kg/m 3 (154 to 164 pounds per cubic foot) for the former mould material and 2920 to 3040 kg/m 3 (182 to 190 pounds per cubic foot) for the latter mould material.
  • Other commonly used ceramic mould materials have a thermal conductivity of 11.5 to 27.4 J.m/sec.m 2 .°C (8 to 19 BTU in. per hr.ft. 2 °F) at approximately 982°C (1800°F).
  • Fiberfrax is available in blankets and felts having a density in the range 64.1 to 128.3 kg.m- 3 (4-8 pounds per cubic foot) and a thermal conductivity which ranges from 2.3 to 3.9 J.m/sec.m 2.o C (1.6 to 2.7 BTU in.per.hr.ft.2°F) at 982°C (1800°F); it is also available in a coatable form having a density of from 480.8 to 801.4 kg.m- 3 (30 to 50 pounds per cubic foot) and a thermal conductivity at 982°C (1800°F) of 2.23 to 2.49 J.m/sec.m. 2 .°C (1.55 to 1.73 BTU in./hr. ft.
  • the material sold as Fiberchrome is available in densities of from 48.1 to 384.7 kg.m- 3 (2 to 24 pounds per cubic foot) and has a thermal conductivity which varies from 1.44 to 4.60 J.m/sec.m 2 .°C (1.0 to 3.2 BTU in./hr.ft. 2 °F) at 982°C (1800°F).
  • insulation materials are aluminosilicates, but other ceramic insulating material could be used if desired.
  • ceramic insulating material for example, an yttria stabilised zirconium oxide felt which is sold under the trade mark of Zircar having a density of from 240.4 to 320.6 kg.m- 3 (15 to 20 pounds per cubic foot) and a thermal conductivity of about 1.87 J.m/sec.m 2 .
  • the fibrous insulation material may be dipped in aqueous liquid binder to impart rigidity thereto on application around the selector cavity 50 and starter cavity 48.
  • Other methods of applying the insulation material may be used; for example, mechanical devices may be used to connect the insulation material to the mould section 38.
  • the insulation material was loosely piled such that it reached upwardly from an upper surface of a bottom wall 74 (see Figure 2) of the mould 10 to the upper end of the selector cavity 50 of each of the mould sections 38, so that the starter cavity 48 and selector cavity 50 of each mould section 38 was surrounded by an insulating layer having a horizontal extent which was at least as great as the horizontal extent of the mould 10.
  • Thermocouples were mounted on the outside of a mould section 38 at a vertical height of 0.5,1.5 and 2.5 inches (1.27 cm, 3.81 cm and 6.35 cm, respectively) from the upper surface of the bottom wall 74.
  • the bottom wall 74 of the mould 10 had a thickness of approximately 0.25 inches (0.63 cm) so that the thermocouples were located at distances of approximately 0.75,1.75 and 2.75 inches (1.90 cm, 4.44 cm and 6.98 cm, respectively) from the upper surface 58 of the chill plate 42.
  • the upper surface of the insulation material surrounding the mould section 38 was located at a height of three inches (7.6 cm) above the upper surface of the mould wall 74 or at a height of 3.25 inches (8.23 cm) from the upper surface 58 of the chill plate 42.
  • the mould 10 was then preheated to a peak temperature within the furnace 12 of approximately 2750°F (1510°C) and was held close to this temperature for a period of approximately twenty minutes prior to pouring the molten alloy (a nickel base superalloy having a composition within the following range: 8.0 to 10.5% chromium, 3.75 to 12.5% tungsten, 0.9 to 2.25% titanium, 4.75 to 5.70% aluminium, and also containing not in excess of 11% cobalt, 1.25% columbium, 12.25% tantalum, 1.6% hafnium, 0.8% molybdenum, 0.17% carbon, 0.02% boron, and 0.08% zirconium; the balance of the alloy being essentially nickel).
  • the molten alloy a nickel base superalloy having a composition within the following range: 8.0 to 10.5% chromium, 3.75 to 12.5% tungsten, 0.9 to 2.25% titanium, 4.75 to 5.70% aluminium, and also containing not in excess of 11% cobalt,
  • the molten alloy was poured at a temperature of 2800°F (1538°C), well above the metal melting point (liquidus) of about 2500°F (1370°C). After the molten alloy had been poured, the mould 10 was gradually withdrawn from the hot zone of the furnace assembly 12 at a rate of approximately three inches (7.6 cm) per hour while maintaining the peak hot zone temperature at 2750°F (1510°C).
  • thermocouple on the outside of the mould section 38 at a height of 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) from the top of the bottom wall 74 indicated a temperature of approximately 550°F (288°C), while the thermocouple which was located 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) from the top of the bottom wall 74 indicated a temperature of approximately 900°F (482°C) and the thermocouple which was 2.5 inches (6.35 cm) above the bottom wall indicated a temperature of 2375°F (1301°C).
  • a mould 10 having eleven mould sections 38 disposed in a circular array was used, two of the mould sections 38 being left free of insulation; a layer of insulation material of thickness 1/8 inch (0.32 cm) being applied over two mould sections; a layer of insulation material 1/4 inch (0.63 cm) thick being applied over one mould section 38; a layer of insulation material 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) thick being applied over two mould sections 38; and layers of insulation material having thicknesses of 3/4 inch (1.89 cm), one inch (2.54 cm), 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) and two inches (5.08 cm) were applied over four respective mould sections 38.
  • Each layer of insulation material surrounded the starter and selector cavities 48 and 50 in the manner shown in Figure 2.
  • the insulation material was as used in the preivious experiment; to facilitate adhesion thereof to the mould surfaces, the insulation material was first dipped in an aqueous colloidal silica binder, which when dry, imparts rigidity to the insulating material.
  • thermocouples were connected to the outside of the mould sections 38 which were free of insulating material, and to the outside of the mould sections in which the 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch, one inch, and two inch thick layers of insulation material were applied.
  • the thermocouples were all located on an upper surface of the horizontally extending shoulder 78 (see Figure 2) at the junction between the starter cavity 48 and selector cavity 50, that is, approximately one inch (2.54 cm) from the upper surface of the bottom wall 74 of the mould 10 or approximately 1.25 inches (3.17 cm) from the upper surface 58 of the chill plate 42.
  • Thermocouple readings were taken to determine the temperature of the outside of the mould sections 38 immediately prior to pouring of the molten alloy, at the start of the withdrawal of the mould from the hot zone of the furnace after pouring of the alloy and 25 minutes after the pouring of the molten alloy.
  • the results of these temperature measurements were as follows:
  • the insulating material should have a thickness of between 1/8 inch (0.32 cm) and 1 1/2 (3.81 cm); the actual thickness used depending upon the specific composition of the alloy which is poured and other variables.
  • the selection of a particular thickness of insulation material will, to some extent at least, be influenced by the geographic configuration of the selector cavity 50 and its orientation relative to the starter cavity 48 and the thickness of the ceramic mould material used to form the mould sections 38.
  • the most significant variables governing the choice of thickness are the specific composition of the insulation and of the alloy being poured (the latter alloy being preferably a nickel-based superalloy).
  • a third experiment was performed using a mould 10 having nineteen sections 38 of the same general construction as the mould sections which were used in the previous experiments. Of the 19 sections, one of them had a run out during the casting process so that a casting was not obtained.
  • Castings were made using the same alloy and conditions as described above; of the twelve castings made with the 1/4 inch thick layer of insulation material, eleven were single crystal castings having the desired crystallographic orientation, while of the six castings which were made without any insulation, only one casting was a single crystal casting with the desired crystallographic orientation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Procédé de coulée d'une pièce monocristalline en alliage à base de nickel dans un moule comprenant une cavité de formation initiale de cristaux se trouvant en communication avec une cavité sélectrice de cristal qui est en communication avec une cavité ou empreinte de mise en forme de la pièce, lequel procédé consiste à chauffer le moule au-delà de la température de liquidus du superalliage, à couler le superalliage fondu dans lesdites cavités, à refroidir le superalliage dans la cavité de formation initiale de cristaux de façon à déclencher la formation de cristaux, et à permettre une croissance de cristaux dans une direction préférentielle à l'intérieur de la cavité sélectrice et ensuite à l'intérieur de la cavité ou empreinte de mise en forme de la pièce, un début de formation de cristaux dans la cavité sélectrice étant empêché et une croissance de cristaux à l'intérieur de cette dernière dans ladite direction préférentielle étant favorisée en prévoyant une isolation thermique accrue autour du moule et la matière constitutive du moule présentant une conductivité thermique de 11,5 à 27,4 J.m/s.m2.°C (8 à 19 BTU pouce/h.pied2:°F) dans de l'air à 982°C (1800°F), caractérisé en ce que de la matière thermiquement isolante additionnelle est prévue au moins partiellement autour de la partie du moule qui contient la cavité sélectrice, cette matière thermiquement isolante étant une matière céramique fibreuse présentant une conductivité thermique de 1,44 à 4,60 J.m/s.m2.°C (1,0 à 3,2 BTU pouce/h.pied2.oF) dans de l'air à 982°C.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière thermiquement isolante est prévue partiellement autour de la partie du moule qui contient la cavité de formation initiale de cristaux.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la croissance de cristaux dans la direction préférentielle précitée est favorisée en exposant une partie de la cavité de formation initiale de cristaux à une surface se trouvant à une température inférieure à ladite température de liquidus.
EP81300395A 1980-01-30 1981-01-30 Procédé pour la coulée d'un article monocristallin en un métal ou alliage métallique Expired EP0034021B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11687980A 1980-01-30 1980-01-30
US116879 1980-01-30

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EP0034021A1 EP0034021A1 (fr) 1981-08-19
EP0034021B1 true EP0034021B1 (fr) 1985-04-10

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EP (1) EP0034021B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS56119660A (fr)
CA (1) CA1160545A (fr)
DE (1) DE3169776D1 (fr)
IL (1) IL61860A (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4412577A (en) * 1982-01-27 1983-11-01 United Technologies Corporation Control of seed melt-back during directional solidification of metals
US4548255A (en) * 1982-03-01 1985-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Mold with starter and selector sections for directional solidification casting
US4450889A (en) * 1982-08-20 1984-05-29 United Technologies Corporation Mold having a helix for casting single crystal articles
GB8310852D0 (en) * 1983-04-21 1983-05-25 Ae Plc Casting articles by directional solidification
FR2664187B1 (fr) * 1990-07-04 1992-09-18 Snecma Moule de fonderie pour la fabrication de pieces par solidification monocristalline.
JP5526666B2 (ja) * 2009-09-08 2014-06-18 国立大学法人信州大学 サファイア単結晶の製造装置
JP2011140041A (ja) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-21 Ihi Corp 鋳造方法
FR3033721B1 (fr) * 2015-03-16 2017-04-07 Snecma Moule a ecran thermique flexible
FR3033720B1 (fr) * 2015-03-16 2019-06-28 Safran Aircraft Engines Moule de fonderie
GB201601898D0 (en) * 2016-02-03 2016-03-16 Rolls Royce Plc Apparatus for casting multiple components using a directional solidification process

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4111252A (en) * 1977-08-01 1978-09-05 United Technologies Corporation Method for making molds and mold components for casting single crystal metallic articles

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133368A (en) * 1977-08-01 1979-01-09 United Technologies Corporation Single crystal casting mold and method for making same

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4111252A (en) * 1977-08-01 1978-09-05 United Technologies Corporation Method for making molds and mold components for casting single crystal metallic articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0034021A1 (fr) 1981-08-19
IL61860A (en) 1984-03-30
IL61860A0 (en) 1981-02-27
JPS56119660A (en) 1981-09-19
CA1160545A (fr) 1984-01-17
DE3169776D1 (en) 1985-05-15

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