EP0003085B1 - Fire control equipment - Google Patents

Fire control equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003085B1
EP0003085B1 EP78400217A EP78400217A EP0003085B1 EP 0003085 B1 EP0003085 B1 EP 0003085B1 EP 78400217 A EP78400217 A EP 78400217A EP 78400217 A EP78400217 A EP 78400217A EP 0003085 B1 EP0003085 B1 EP 0003085B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crosswires
aiming
range
collimator
sighting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78400217A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0003085A1 (en
Inventor
Michèle Leblanc
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D'OPTIQUE PRECISION ELECTRONIQUE ET MECANIQUE - SOPELEM Ste
Original Assignee
D'OPTIQUE PRECISION ELECTRONIQUE ET MECANIQUE - SOPELEM Ste
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Publication of EP0003085A1 publication Critical patent/EP0003085A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F41G3/326—Devices for testing or checking for checking the angle between the axis of the gun sighting device and an auxiliary measuring device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/06—Aiming or laying means with rangefinder
    • F41G3/065—Structural association of sighting-devices with laser telemeters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire control device intended to obtain the aiming of a cannon by introducing, between the axis of this cannon and the direction of the target, an angular offset based on the trajectory of the munition.
  • the device according to the invention is used to equip an artillery vehicle.
  • An artillery vehicle cannon can pivot about two perpendicular axes relative to the vehicle.
  • the barrel is mounted on a turret so as to be able to pivot around a substantially vertical axis. Furthermore, the barrel generally pivots relative to the turret, about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of this turret.
  • the pointing direction of the gun relative to the direction of the target takes into account certain parameters which will be mentioned below. Because the cannon is far from the target to be hit and the ammunition describes a curve in space, it is necessary to give a so-called angle of increase between the direction of the cannon and the direction of the target. The relationship between the rise and the distance is not linear. When the vehicle carrying the barrel is tilted so that the barrel journal axis is not horizontal, account must be taken of the cant of this journal axis to correct the angle of increase accordingly. Other parameters are also important. A site correction must be made to take account of the angle of increase in particular, this correction depending on the distance. A bearing correction must also be made to take certain parameters into account, and this correction is very roughly proportional to the angle of increase.
  • a fire control device includes a firing scope.
  • This scope can be a periscopic scope or a shield scope.
  • a reticle appears in the telescope so as to define a line of collimation.
  • the collimation line is pointed at the target, the gun being parallel to this line.
  • An angular shift of the collimation line is carried out and this line is again pointed at the target.
  • the angular offset takes into account the different firing parameters.
  • the collimation line is offset by at least one optical element incorporated in the telescope and subjected to a motor mechanism.
  • the offset can be ensured either by displacement of the reticle as in American patent 2,887,774, or by operation of a diasporameter as in French patent 2,140,699, or by displacement of a mirror as in French patent 2,016,096 .
  • Determining the magnitude of the offset requires a rangefinder. This instrument measures the distance from the target and it then makes it possible to determine the appropriate values of the corrections to be made to control the motor or motors which operate the optical element or elements shifting the collimation line.
  • the measurement of the rangefinder is transformed into one or two signals suitable for the corrections to be made, these signals acting on the motors for operating the optical elements deflecting the collimation line.
  • This transformation is carried out either by an electronic computer receiving the signal from the rangefinder and possibly the signals from other sensors, or by a cam mechanism.
  • the rangefinders that we currently use are laser rangefinders.
  • the present invention relates to a firing control device such that the telemetry direction remains constantly parallel to the barrel while being located in the field of vision of the telescope.
  • the location of the telemetry line is carried out by the projection, in the riflescope, of a reticle independent of the movable reticle materializing the direction of sight.
  • the design of the device is simple and uses minimal optical elements.
  • the fire control device is intended to obtain the aiming of a cannon by introducing, between the axis of this cannon and the direction of the target, an angular offset based on the trajectory of the munition and it is composed on the one hand of a telescopic sight in which is visible the image of a shooting reticle defining a collimation line, on the other hand of the means of displacement of the shooting reticle which are subjected to the signal of a rangefinder, this rangefinder being of the laser type and provided with a set for transmitting a laser beam and a set for receiving this beam after diffusion, and it is characterized by the fact that it comprises a part a collimator integrated in the rangefinder and composed of a lens and a rangefinder pointing reticle whose image is seen in the telescope to be used to locate the direction of measurement of the distance, other share a collimator of offset of the line of collimation composed of a target and the reticle of shooting placed at the focus of this target and associated with
  • the shooting reticle is constituted by a plate provided with crossed and transparent lines standing out against an opaque background and with a reflecting face.
  • the optical reflection element comprises a semi-reflecting face positioned so that the shooting reticle on the one hand and the eyepiece of the scope on the other hand are located in the same side of said surface.
  • the rangefinder pointing collimator and the collimating line offset collimator are arranged on either side of the optical reflection element.
  • the single figure is a perspective representation, with sections, of a fire control device according to the invention.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention is placed in front of a telescopic sight which is constituted by a system of lenses comprising an objective 11 and an eyepiece 12. These lenses are aligned along the optical axis 13 which is parallel to the axis of the barrel, which is not shown.
  • the eyepiece 12 is associated with an eyepiece 14.
  • the image of a shooting reticle defining the collimation line is visible in the telescope.
  • This image comes from a collimator composed of a lens 21 and a reticle 23.
  • the reticle 23 is placed as usual at the focus of the lens 21 so as to give an image at infinity.
  • the reticle is illuminated by a light source 24 associated with an optic 25.
  • the collimator formed by the objective 21 and the reticle 23 is arranged, relative to the telescope, so that its optical axis 22 intersects the optical axis 13 of the glasses.
  • the two axes are preferably 90 ° from each other.
  • the image of the shooting reticle is returned to the scope of the telescope by a reflective optical element 3.
  • the collimation line passes through the image of the intersection of the lines of the shooting reticle 23.
  • the reflective optical element comprises a semi-reflecting plane face which can return the image of the reticle of shooting 23, while letting pass the image of the landscape.
  • the reflective optical element 3 is placed in front of the objective of the telescope so as to reflect the image to infinity of the shooting reticle.
  • the semi-reflecting face is positioned so that the shooting reticle on the one hand and the eyepiece of the telescope on the other hand are located on the same side of this face.
  • the reflective optical element provided with the semi-reflecting face is constituted either by a plane mirror or by a separating cube.
  • a control mechanism 4 exploits the signal provided by the laser rangefinder of the shooting line to move the shooting reticle 23 so as to introduce an offset in elevation of the collimation line which makes it possible to take account of certain parameters such as the rise.
  • the reticle control mechanism may include a computer established to calculate the correction to be made to the collimation line from sensor signals and the laser rangefinder.
  • the reticle is moved by a cam 41 whose profile is determined by the rise values of the shooting table.
  • the cam pivots around an axis 42 and it is driven by a motor 43.
  • the position of the cam is identified by an encoder 44.
  • the signal supplied by the laser rangefinder is transmitted to the servo which controls the motor.
  • the signal from the rangefinder is transmitted at 45 to an adder amplifier 46 which controls the motor and which receives the signal from the encoder.
  • the laser rangefinder comprises an emission assembly which comprises a laser 51 associated with an optic 52 whose optical axis is identified 53.
  • the emission assembly not being parallel to the telescope, the beam is reflected on the reflective optical element 3.
  • the range finder also comprises a reception assembly formed by a lens 54, a diaphragm 55 and a photoelectric cell 56.
  • the range finder usually comprises a counter which is not shown on the face. This counter produces a signal as a function of the time elapsing between the emission and the reception of the light beam.
  • the laser range finder includes a pointing collimator composed of the objective 54 used to focus the backscattered laser beam and of a reticle 61 for pointing and locating the telemetry.
  • This reticle is illuminated by a light source 63 associated with an optic 62.
  • an optical separating element 64 is used to separate the beam going from the reticle 61 towards the objective 54 and the laser beam focused by the objective 54.
  • This optical element 64 is constituted for example by a dichroic blade. In the embodiment which is represented in the figure, it is the beam coming from the reticle 61 which is reflected by the blade 64.
  • the aiming collimator of the rangefinder composed of the objective 54 and the reticle 61 and the aiming offset collimator composed of the objective 21 and the reticle 23 are arranged on either side of the semi-reflecting face of the plate 3.
  • the optical axis 57 of the objective 54 and the optical axis 22 of the objective 21 are aligned.
  • the semi-reflecting flat face of the blade 3 is positioned at the intersection of the optical axis 57 and the optical axis 13 of the telescope and along the bisector of the angle formed by these axes.
  • the axis 57 is perpendicular to the optical axis 13.
  • the line of sight offset collimator comprising the firing reticle 23 is mechanically secured to the laser rangefinder and in particular to the rangefinder pointing collimator.
  • the assembly is mounted in front of the bezel.
  • the light beam coming from the shooting reticle, after emerging from the objective 21, is reflected on the blade 3.
  • the image of the shooting reticle is thus projected into the scope of the telescope.
  • the plate 3 also serves to reflect the incident laser beam directed towards the target, and the backscattered laser beam coming from the target.
  • the light beam coming from the reticle 61 is reflected by the blade 64 and is then refracted to give an image at infinity.
  • the light beam passes through the reflective optical element 3 and it is focused by the objective 21 on the shooting reticle 23.
  • the light beam is reflected on the shooting reticle 23 and it is refracted again by the objective 21.
  • the beam emerges from this objective giving an infinite image of the telemetry pointing reticle.
  • the beam is reflected on the reflecting optical element 3 so that the reticle image 61 is seen in the telescope.
  • the shooting reticle 23 consists of a plate provided with crossed and transparent lines standing out against an opaque background.
  • a reflecting face is placed on this reticle, on the side of the objective 21, so as to produce a mirror.
  • the layer constituting the reflecting face can constitute the opaque background.
  • the telemetry pointing reticle 61 may be constituted by transparent lines on an opaque background or by dark lines on a light background.
  • the beam given by the reticle 61, in the path between the blade 3 and the lens 21, and the corresponding reflected beam, in the path between the lens 21 and said blade, are parallel. Furthermore, they are parallel to the optical axis 57.
  • This feature is due to the fact that the retro-reflecting system formed by the objective 21 and by the mirror of the reticle 23, placed at the focal point of the objective, constitutes an invariant optical system. .
  • the reflected beam arriving on the plate 3 has a constant position relative to the optical axis of the telescope and the image of the rangefinder reticle is therefore fixed in the field of the telescope.
  • the shooting reticle 23 can be moved by the associated mechanism 4.
  • the image of the shooting reticle is thus mobile in the scope of the telescope.
  • the movement of the shooting reticle does not affect the course of the rays coming from the telemetry reticle. Even if the reticle is not exactly perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective 21, the path of the rays is not modified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de conduite de tir destiné à obtenir le pointage d'un canon en introduisant, entre l'axe de ce canon et la direction de la cible, un décalage angulaire fondé sur la trajectoire de la munition.The present invention relates to a fire control device intended to obtain the aiming of a cannon by introducing, between the axis of this cannon and the direction of the target, an angular offset based on the trajectory of the munition.

Le dispositif selon l'invention sert à équiper un véhicule d'artillerie.The device according to the invention is used to equip an artillery vehicle.

Un canon de véhicule d'artillerie peut pivoter, autour de deux axes perpendiculaires, par rapport au véhicule. Le canon est monté sur une tourelle de manière à pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical. Par ailleurs, le canon pivote généralement par rapport à la tourelle, autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de cette tourelle.An artillery vehicle cannon can pivot about two perpendicular axes relative to the vehicle. The barrel is mounted on a turret so as to be able to pivot around a substantially vertical axis. Furthermore, the barrel generally pivots relative to the turret, about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of this turret.

La direction de pointage du canon par rapport à la direction de la cible tient compte de certains paramètres qui vont être mentionnés ci-après. Du fait que le canon est éloigné de la cible à atteindre et que la munition décrit une courbe dans l'espace, il faut donner un angle dit de hausse entre la direction du canon et la direction de la cible. La relation entre la hausse et la distance n'est pas linéaire. Lorsque le véhicule portant le canon est incliné de manière que l'axe de tourillonnement de canon ne soit pas horizontal, il faut tenir compte du dévers de cet axe de tourillonnement pour corriger l'angle de hausse en conséquence. D'autres paramètres sont également importants. Il faut effectuer une correction en site pour tenir compte notarn- ment de l'angle de hausse, cette correction dépendant de la distance. Il faut également effectuer une correction en gisement pour tenir compte de certains paramètres et cette correction est très approximativement proportionelle à l'angle de hausse.The pointing direction of the gun relative to the direction of the target takes into account certain parameters which will be mentioned below. Because the cannon is far from the target to be hit and the ammunition describes a curve in space, it is necessary to give a so-called angle of increase between the direction of the cannon and the direction of the target. The relationship between the rise and the distance is not linear. When the vehicle carrying the barrel is tilted so that the barrel journal axis is not horizontal, account must be taken of the cant of this journal axis to correct the angle of increase accordingly. Other parameters are also important. A site correction must be made to take account of the angle of increase in particular, this correction depending on the distance. A bearing correction must also be made to take certain parameters into account, and this correction is very roughly proportional to the angle of increase.

On connait différents dispositifs de conduite de tir. On se référera par exemple au brevet américain 2.887.774, au brevet français 2.016.096, au brevet français 2.140.699.Various fire control devices are known. We will refer for example to the American patent 2,887,774, to the French patent 2,016,096, to the French patent 2,140,699.

Un dispositif de conduite de tir comporte une lunette de tir. Cette lunette peut être une lunette périscopique ou une lunette de bouclier. Un réticule apparait dans la lunette de manière à définir une ligne de collimation. Au début de l'opération, la ligne de collimation est pointée sur la cible, le canon étant parallèle à cette ligne. Un décalage angulaire de la ligne de collimation est effectué et cette ligne est de nouveau pointée sur la cible. Le décalage angulaire tient compte des différents paramètres de tir.A fire control device includes a firing scope. This scope can be a periscopic scope or a shield scope. A reticle appears in the telescope so as to define a line of collimation. At the start of the operation, the collimation line is pointed at the target, the gun being parallel to this line. An angular shift of the collimation line is carried out and this line is again pointed at the target. The angular offset takes into account the different firing parameters.

La ligne de collimation est décalée par au moins un élément optique incorporé dans la lunette et soumis à un mécanisme moteur. Le décalage peut être assuré soit par déplacement du réticule comme dans le brevet américain 2.887.774, soit par manoeuvre d'un diasporamètre comme dans le brevet français 2.140.699, soit par déplacement d'un miroir comme dans le brevet français 2.016.096.The collimation line is offset by at least one optical element incorporated in the telescope and subjected to a motor mechanism. The offset can be ensured either by displacement of the reticle as in American patent 2,887,774, or by operation of a diasporameter as in French patent 2,140,699, or by displacement of a mirror as in French patent 2,016,096 .

La détermination de l'amplitude du décalage nécessite un télémètre. Cet instrument mesure la distance de la cible et il permet alors de déterminer les valeurs convenables des corrections à effectuer pour commander le ou les moteurs qui manoeuvrent le ou les éléments optiques décalant la ligne de collimation.Determining the magnitude of the offset requires a rangefinder. This instrument measures the distance from the target and it then makes it possible to determine the appropriate values of the corrections to be made to control the motor or motors which operate the optical element or elements shifting the collimation line.

La mesure du télémètre est transformée en un ou deux signaux appropriés aux corrections à effectuer, ces signaux agissant sur les moteurs de manoeuvre des éléments optiques déviant la ligne de collimation. Cette transformation est réalisée soit par un calculateur électronique recevant le signal du télémètre et éventuellement les signaux d'autres capteurs, soit par un mécanisme à came.The measurement of the rangefinder is transformed into one or two signals suitable for the corrections to be made, these signals acting on the motors for operating the optical elements deflecting the collimation line. This transformation is carried out either by an electronic computer receiving the signal from the rangefinder and possibly the signals from other sensors, or by a cam mechanism.

Les télémètres que l'on utilise actuellement sont des télémètres à laser.The rangefinders that we currently use are laser rangefinders.

Dans certaines conduites de tir utïtisant un télémètre à laser, on cherche à maintenir la direction de télémétrie parallèle à la direction de la ligne de collimation. La direction de télémétrie est pointée sur la cible même lorsque la correction de visée a été effectuée et elle est alors décalée par rapport à l'axe du canon. Dans d'autres conduites de tir, la direction de télémétrie reste fixe par rapport au canon quelle que soit la position de la ligne de collimation. Lorsqu'un décalage de la ligne de collimation a été effectué, il est difficile de déterminer avec exactitude la direction de télémétrie.In certain lines of fire using a laser rangefinder, an attempt is made to maintain the direction of telemetry parallel to the direction of the collimation line. The telemetry direction is pointed at the target even when the aiming correction has been made and it is then offset from the axis of the gun. In other fire lines, the telemetry direction remains fixed relative to the gun regardless of the position of the collimating line. When a shift in the collimation line has been made, it is difficult to accurately determine the telemetry direction.

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de conduite de tir tel que la direction de télémétrie reste constamment parallèle au canon tout en étant repérée dans le champ de vision de la lunette. Le repérage de la ligne de télémétrie est effectué par la projection, dans la lunette de tir, d'un réticule indépendant du réticule mobile matérialisant la direction de visée. La conception du dispositif est simple et fait appel à des éléments optiques en nombre minimum.The present invention relates to a firing control device such that the telemetry direction remains constantly parallel to the barrel while being located in the field of vision of the telescope. The location of the telemetry line is carried out by the projection, in the riflescope, of a reticle independent of the movable reticle materializing the direction of sight. The design of the device is simple and uses minimal optical elements.

Le dispositif de conduite de tir selon l'invention est destiné à obtenir le pointage d'un canon en introduisant, entre l'axe de ce canon et la direction de la cible, un décalage angulaire fondé sur la trajectoire de la munition et il est composé d'une part d'une lunette de visée dans laquelle est visible l'image d'un réticule de tir définissant une ligne de collimation, d'autre part des moyens de déplacement du réticule de tir qui sont soumis au signal d'un télémètre, ce télémètre étant du type à laser et pourvu d'un ensemble d'émission d'un faisceau laser et d'un ensemble de réception de ce faisceau après diffusion, et il est caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte d'une part un collimateur intégré dans le télémètre et composé d'un objectif et d'un réticule de pointage du télémètre dont l'image est vue dans la lunette pour servir au repérage de la direction de mesure de la distance, d'autre part un collimateur de décalage de la ligne de collimation composé d'un objectif et du réticule de tir placé au foyer de cet objectif et associé à un élément optique réflecteur servant à renvoyer l'image de réticule de tir dans la lunette, les deux collimateurs étant agencés de manière que l'image du réticule de pointage de la télémétrie traverse l'élément optique réflecteur pouf être renvoyée par le réticule de tir vers ledit élément optique réflecteur, le réticule de tir étant pourvu d'une face réfléchissante propre à renvoyer l'image du réticule de pointage de la télémétrie.The fire control device according to the invention is intended to obtain the aiming of a cannon by introducing, between the axis of this cannon and the direction of the target, an angular offset based on the trajectory of the munition and it is composed on the one hand of a telescopic sight in which is visible the image of a shooting reticle defining a collimation line, on the other hand of the means of displacement of the shooting reticle which are subjected to the signal of a rangefinder, this rangefinder being of the laser type and provided with a set for transmitting a laser beam and a set for receiving this beam after diffusion, and it is characterized by the fact that it comprises a part a collimator integrated in the rangefinder and composed of a lens and a rangefinder pointing reticle whose image is seen in the telescope to be used to locate the direction of measurement of the distance, other share a collimator of offset of the line of collimation composed of a target and the reticle of shooting placed at the focus of this target and associated with a reflective optical element being used to return the image of reticle of shooting in the telescope, the two collimators being arranged so that the image of the telemetry pointing reticle passes through the reflective optical element can be returned by the shooting reticle to said reflective optical element, the shooting reticle being provided with a reflecting face capable of reflecting the image of the telemetry pointing reticle.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le réticule de tir est constitué par une plaque munie de traits croisés et transparents se détachant sur un fond opaque et d'une face réfléchissante.According to a characteristic of the invention, the shooting reticle is constituted by a plate provided with crossed and transparent lines standing out against an opaque background and with a reflecting face.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément optique de réflexion comporte une face semi-réfléchissante positionnée de manière que le réticule de tir d'une part et l'oculaire de la lunette d'autre part soient situés d'un même côté de ladite surface.According to another characteristic of the invention, the optical reflection element comprises a semi-reflecting face positioned so that the shooting reticle on the one hand and the eyepiece of the scope on the other hand are located in the same side of said surface.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le collimateur de pointage du télémètre et le collimateur de décalage de la ligne de collimation sont disposés de part et d'autre de l'élément optique de réflexion.According to another characteristic of the invention, the rangefinder pointing collimator and the collimating line offset collimator are arranged on either side of the optical reflection element.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite avec plus de détails en se référant à un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté par le dessin annexé.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the accompanying drawing.

La figure unique est une représentation en perspective, avec des coupes, d'un dispositif de conduite de tir conforme à l'invention.The single figure is a perspective representation, with sections, of a fire control device according to the invention.

Le dispositif faisant l'objet de l'invention est placé devant une lunette de visée qui est constituée par un système de lentilles comportant un objectif 11 et un oculaire 12. Ces lentilles sont alignées le long de l'axe optique 13 qui est parallèle à l'axe du canon, lequel n'est pas représenté. L'oculaire 12 est associé à un oeilleton 14.The device which is the subject of the invention is placed in front of a telescopic sight which is constituted by a system of lenses comprising an objective 11 and an eyepiece 12. These lenses are aligned along the optical axis 13 which is parallel to the axis of the barrel, which is not shown. The eyepiece 12 is associated with an eyepiece 14.

L'image d'un réticule de tir définissant la ligne de collimation est visible dans la lùnette. Cette image provient d'un collimateur composé d'un objectif 21 et d'un réticule 23. Le réticule 23 est placé comme à l'ordinaire au foyer de l'objectif 21 de manière à donner une image à l'infini. Le réticule est éclairé par une source lumineuse 24 associée à une optique 25. Le collimateur formé de l'objectif 21 et du réticule 23 est disposé, par rapport à la lunette, de manière que son axe optique 22 coupe l'axe optique 13 de la lunette. Les deux axes sont de préférence à 90° l'un de l'autre.The image of a shooting reticle defining the collimation line is visible in the telescope. This image comes from a collimator composed of a lens 21 and a reticle 23. The reticle 23 is placed as usual at the focus of the lens 21 so as to give an image at infinity. The reticle is illuminated by a light source 24 associated with an optic 25. The collimator formed by the objective 21 and the reticle 23 is arranged, relative to the telescope, so that its optical axis 22 intersects the optical axis 13 of the glasses. The two axes are preferably 90 ° from each other.

L'image du réticule de tir est renvoyée dans le champ de la lunette par un élément optique réflecteur 3. La ligne de collimation passe par l'image de l'intersection des traits du réticule de tir 23. L'élément optique réflecteur comporte une face plane semi-réfléchissante qui peut renvoyer l'image du réticule de tir 23, tout en laissant passer l'image du paysage. L'élément optique réflecteur 3 est placé devant l'objectif de la lunette de manière à réfléchir l'image à l'infini du réticule de tir. La face semi-réfléchissante est positionnée de manière que le réticule de tir d'une part et l'oculaire de la lunette d'autre part soient situés d'un même côté de cette face. Elle est par ailleurs positionnée à l'intersection des axes 13 et 22 et elle est perpendiculaire à la bissectrice de l'angle formé par ces axes. Du fait que l'angle formé entre les axes optiques 13 et 22 est droit, la face semi-réfléchissante est à 45° de ces axes. L'élément optique réflecteur pourvu de la face semi-réfléchissante est constitué soit par un miroir plan soit par un cube séparateur.The image of the shooting reticle is returned to the scope of the telescope by a reflective optical element 3. The collimation line passes through the image of the intersection of the lines of the shooting reticle 23. The reflective optical element comprises a semi-reflecting plane face which can return the image of the reticle of shooting 23, while letting pass the image of the landscape. The reflective optical element 3 is placed in front of the objective of the telescope so as to reflect the image to infinity of the shooting reticle. The semi-reflecting face is positioned so that the shooting reticle on the one hand and the eyepiece of the telescope on the other hand are located on the same side of this face. It is also positioned at the intersection of axes 13 and 22 and it is perpendicular to the bisector of the angle formed by these axes. Because the angle formed between the optical axes 13 and 22 is straight, the semi-reflecting face is 45 ° from these axes. The reflective optical element provided with the semi-reflecting face is constituted either by a plane mirror or by a separating cube.

Un mécanisme de commande 4 exploite le signal fourni par le télémètre à laser de la conduite de tir pour déplacer le réticule de tir 23 de manière à introduire un décalage en site de la ligne de collimation ce qui permet de tenir compte de certains paramètres tels que la hausse. Le mécanisme de commande du réticule peut comporter un calculateur établi pour calculer la correction à faire subir à la ligne de collimation à partir des signaux de capteurs et du télémètre à laser. Dans le mode de réalisation qui est représenté sur la figure, le réticule est déplacé par une came 41 dont le profil est déterminé par les valeurs de hausse de la table de tir. La came pivote autour d'un axe 42 et elle est entrainée par un moteur 43. La position de la came est repérée par un codeur 44. Le signal fourni par le télémètre à laser est transmis à l'asservissement qui contrôle le moteur. Ainsi le signal du télémètre est transmis en 45 à un amplificateur additionneur 46 qui commande le moteur et qui reçoit le signal du codeur.A control mechanism 4 exploits the signal provided by the laser rangefinder of the shooting line to move the shooting reticle 23 so as to introduce an offset in elevation of the collimation line which makes it possible to take account of certain parameters such as the rise. The reticle control mechanism may include a computer established to calculate the correction to be made to the collimation line from sensor signals and the laser rangefinder. In the embodiment which is shown in the figure, the reticle is moved by a cam 41 whose profile is determined by the rise values of the shooting table. The cam pivots around an axis 42 and it is driven by a motor 43. The position of the cam is identified by an encoder 44. The signal supplied by the laser rangefinder is transmitted to the servo which controls the motor. Thus the signal from the rangefinder is transmitted at 45 to an adder amplifier 46 which controls the motor and which receives the signal from the encoder.

Le télémètre laser comporte un ensemble d'émission qui comprend un laser 51 associé à une optique 52 dont l'axe optique est repéré 53. L'ensemble d'émission n'étant pas parallèle à la lunette, le faisceau est réfléchi sur l'élément optique réflecteur 3. Le télémètre comporte par ailleurs un ensemble de réception formé d'un objectif 54, d'un diaphragme 55 et d'une cellule photoélectrique 56. Le télémètre comporte, de manière usuelle, un compteur qui n'est pas représenté sur la figure. Ce compteur produit un signal fonction du temps s'écoulant entre l'émission et la réception du faisceau lumineux.The laser rangefinder comprises an emission assembly which comprises a laser 51 associated with an optic 52 whose optical axis is identified 53. The emission assembly not being parallel to the telescope, the beam is reflected on the reflective optical element 3. The range finder also comprises a reception assembly formed by a lens 54, a diaphragm 55 and a photoelectric cell 56. The range finder usually comprises a counter which is not shown on the face. This counter produces a signal as a function of the time elapsing between the emission and the reception of the light beam.

Le télémètre laser comporte un collimateur de pointage composé de l'objectif 54 servant à focaliser le faisceau laser rétrodiffusé et d'un réticule 61 de pointage et repérage de la télémétrie. Ce réticule est éclairé par une source lumineuse 63 associée à une optique 62. Du fait que le faisceau laser rétrodiffusé et le faisceau provenant du réticule 61 sont réfractés par l'objectif 54, un élément optique séparateur 64 est utilisé pour séparer le faisceau allant du réticule 61 vers l'objectif 54 et le faisceau laser focalisé par l'objectif 54. Cet élément optique 64 est constitué par exemple par une lame dichroique. Dans le mode de réalisation qui est représenté sur la figure, c'est le faisceau provenant du réticule 61 qui est réfléchi par la lame 64.The laser range finder includes a pointing collimator composed of the objective 54 used to focus the backscattered laser beam and of a reticle 61 for pointing and locating the telemetry. This reticle is illuminated by a light source 63 associated with an optic 62. Because the backscattered laser beam and the beam coming from the reticle 61 are refracted by the objective 54, an optical separating element 64 is used to separate the beam going from the reticle 61 towards the objective 54 and the laser beam focused by the objective 54. This optical element 64 is constituted for example by a dichroic blade. In the embodiment which is represented in the figure, it is the beam coming from the reticle 61 which is reflected by the blade 64.

Le collimateur de pointage du télémètre composé de l'objectif 54 et du réticule 61 et le collimateur de décalage de la visée composé de l'objectif 21 et du réticule 23 sont disposés de part et d'autre de la face semi-réfléchissante de la lame 3. L'axe optique 57 de l'objectif 54 et l'axe optique 22 de l'objectif 21 sont alignés. La face plane semi-réfléchissante de la lame 3 est positionnée à l'intersection de l'axe optique 57 et de l'axe optique 13 de la lunette et selon la bissectrice de l'angle formé par ces axes. De préférence l'axe 57 est perpendiculaire à l'axe optique 13.The aiming collimator of the rangefinder composed of the objective 54 and the reticle 61 and the aiming offset collimator composed of the objective 21 and the reticle 23 are arranged on either side of the semi-reflecting face of the plate 3. The optical axis 57 of the objective 54 and the optical axis 22 of the objective 21 are aligned. The semi-reflecting flat face of the blade 3 is positioned at the intersection of the optical axis 57 and the optical axis 13 of the telescope and along the bisector of the angle formed by these axes. Preferably the axis 57 is perpendicular to the optical axis 13.

Le collimateur de décalage de la ligne de visée comprenant le réticule de tir 23 est mécaniquement solidaire du télémètre à laser et notamment du collimateur de pointage de la télémétrie. L'ensemble est monté devant la lunette. Un hublot 15, placé devant la lunette et devant l'élément optique réflecteur 3, protège cet ensemble.The line of sight offset collimator comprising the firing reticle 23 is mechanically secured to the laser rangefinder and in particular to the rangefinder pointing collimator. The assembly is mounted in front of the bezel. A porthole 15, placed in front of the telescope and in front of the reflective optical element 3, protects this assembly.

Le faisceau lumineux provenant du réticule de tir 23, après avoir émergé de l'objectif 21, se réfléchit sur la lame 3. L'image du réticule de tir est ainsi projetée dans le champ de la lunette. La lame 3 sert également à réfléchir le faisceau laser incident dirigé vers la cible, et le faisceau laser rétrodiffusé provenant de la cible.The light beam coming from the shooting reticle, after emerging from the objective 21, is reflected on the blade 3. The image of the shooting reticle is thus projected into the scope of the telescope. The plate 3 also serves to reflect the incident laser beam directed towards the target, and the backscattered laser beam coming from the target.

Le faisceau lumineux provenant du réticule 61 est réfléchi par la lame 64 et est ensuite réfracté pour donner une image à l'infini. Le faisceau lumineux traverse l'élément optique réflecteur 3 et il est focalisé par l'objectif 21 sur le réticule de tir 23. Le faisceau lumineux est réfléchi sur le réticule de tir 23 et il est de nouveau réfracté par l'objectif 21. Le faisceau émerge de cet objectif en donnant une image à l'infini du réticule de pointage de la télémétrie. Le faisceau est réfléchi sur l'élément optique réflecteur 3 de manière que l'image de réticule 61 soit vue dans la lunette.The light beam coming from the reticle 61 is reflected by the blade 64 and is then refracted to give an image at infinity. The light beam passes through the reflective optical element 3 and it is focused by the objective 21 on the shooting reticle 23. The light beam is reflected on the shooting reticle 23 and it is refracted again by the objective 21. The beam emerges from this objective giving an infinite image of the telemetry pointing reticle. The beam is reflected on the reflecting optical element 3 so that the reticle image 61 is seen in the telescope.

Pour assurer la réflexion du faisceau provenant du réticule de la télémétrie 61, le réticule de tir 23 est constitué par une plaque munie de traits croisés et transparents se détachant sur un fond opaque. Une face réfléchissante est disposée sur ce réticule, du côté de l'objectif 21, de manière à réaliser un miroir. La couche constituant la face réfléchissante peut constituer le fond opaque. Le réticule de pointage de la télémétrie 61 peut être constitué par des traits transparents sur un fond opaque ou par des traits foncés sur un fond clair.To ensure the reflection of the beam coming from the telemetry reticle 61, the shooting reticle 23 consists of a plate provided with crossed and transparent lines standing out against an opaque background. A reflecting face is placed on this reticle, on the side of the objective 21, so as to produce a mirror. The layer constituting the reflecting face can constitute the opaque background. The telemetry pointing reticle 61 may be constituted by transparent lines on an opaque background or by dark lines on a light background.

Le faisceau donné par le réticule 61, dans le parcours compris entre la lame 3 et l'objectif 21, et le faisceau réfléchi correspondant, dans le parcours compris entre l'objectif 21 et ladite lame, sont parallèles. Par ailleurs, ils sont parallèles à l'axe optique 57. Cette particularité est due au fait que la système catadioptrique formé par l'objectif 21 et par le miroir du réticule 23, placé au foyer de l'objectif, constitue un système invariant optique. Le faisceau réfléchi arrivant sur la lame 3 a une position constante par rapport à l'axe optique de la lunette et l'image du réticule de télémètre est donc fixe dans le champ de la lunette.The beam given by the reticle 61, in the path between the blade 3 and the lens 21, and the corresponding reflected beam, in the path between the lens 21 and said blade, are parallel. Furthermore, they are parallel to the optical axis 57. This feature is due to the fact that the retro-reflecting system formed by the objective 21 and by the mirror of the reticle 23, placed at the focal point of the objective, constitutes an invariant optical system. . The reflected beam arriving on the plate 3 has a constant position relative to the optical axis of the telescope and the image of the rangefinder reticle is therefore fixed in the field of the telescope.

La réticule de tir 23 peut être déplacé par le mécanisme associé 4. L'image du réticule de tir est ainsi mobile dans le champ de la lunette. Le déplacement du réticule de tir n'affecte pas la marche des rayons provenant du réticule de télémétrie. Même si le réticule n'est pas exactement perpendiculaire à l'axe optique de l'objectif 21, la marche des rayons n'est pas modifiée.The shooting reticle 23 can be moved by the associated mechanism 4. The image of the shooting reticle is thus mobile in the scope of the telescope. The movement of the shooting reticle does not affect the course of the rays coming from the telemetry reticle. Even if the reticle is not exactly perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective 21, the path of the rays is not modified.

Bien entendu, on peut sans sortir du cadre de l'invention imaginer des variantes et perfectionnements de détails de même qu'envisager l'emploi de moyens équivalents.Of course, it is without departing from the scope of the invention to imagine variants and improvements of details as well as to envisage the use of equivalent means.

Claims (6)

1. A fire control device intended for obtaining the aiming of a gun by introducing between the axis of this gun and the direction of the target an angular offset based upon the trajectory of the shell and composed on the one hand of an aiming telescope (11-12) in which can be seen the image of sighting crosswires (23) which define a line of collimation, and on the other hand of means of displacement (41) of the sighting crosswires (23) which are subjected to the signal from a range-finder, this range-finder being of laser type provided with a unit for transmission (51, 52, 53) of a laser beam and a unit for receiving (54, 55, 56) this beam after diffusion, characterized by the fact that it includes on the one hand a range-finder aiming collimator integrated into the range-finder and composed of an objective (54) and range-finding aiming crosswires (61) the image of which is seen in the telescope (11-12) in order to serve for the marking of the direction of measurement of the distance and on the other hand a collimator for shifting the line of collimation composed of an objective (21) and of the sighting crosswires (23) and associated with a reflector optical element (3) which serves for sending back the image of the sighting crosswires (23) into the telescope (11-12), the two collimators being arranged so that the image of the range-finding aiming crosswires (61) passes through the reflector optical element (3) in order to be sent back by the sighting crosswires (23) towards the said reflector optical element (3), the sighting crosswires (23) being provided with a reflective face suitable for sending back the image of the range-finding aiming crosswires (61).
2. A fire control device as in Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sighting crosswires (23) consist of a plate equipped with transparent crossed lines standing out on an opaque ground.
3. A fire control device as in either of the preceding Claims, characterized by the fact that the reflector optical element (3) has a semi- reflective face positioned so that the sighting crosswires (23) on the one hand and the eyepiece (12) of the telescope on the other are located on one and the same side of the said face.
4. A fire control device as in Claim 3, characterized by the fact that the range-finder aiming collimator (61-54) and the collimator (23-21) for shifting the line of collimation are arranged on opposite sides of the semi- reflective face of the reflector optical element (3).
5. A fire control device as in Claim 4, characterized by the fact that the range-finder aiming collimator or (61-54) and the collimator (23-21) for shifting the line of collimation are arranged so that their optical axes are aligned.
6. A fire control device as in any one of the preceding Claims, characterized by the fact that it includes a separator optical element (64) which separates the beam going from the aiming crosswires (61) towards the objective (54) of the range-finder aiming collimator and the backscattered laser beam which is likewise focussed by the said objective (54).
EP78400217A 1978-01-06 1978-12-06 Fire control equipment Expired EP0003085B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7800275 1978-01-06
FR7800275A FR2414184A1 (en) 1978-01-06 1978-01-06 FIRE CONDUCT DEVICE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003085A1 EP0003085A1 (en) 1979-07-25
EP0003085B1 true EP0003085B1 (en) 1980-04-02

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EP78400217A Expired EP0003085B1 (en) 1978-01-06 1978-12-06 Fire control equipment

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US (1) US4213700A (en)
EP (1) EP0003085B1 (en)
AR (1) AR219571A1 (en)
AT (1) AT363822B (en)
BR (1) BR7808284A (en)
ES (1) ES475998A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2414184A1 (en)
NO (1) NO143392C (en)

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US5410398A (en) * 1979-08-20 1995-04-25 Northrop Grumman Corporation Automatic boresight compensation device
DE3428990A1 (en) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-20 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn DEVICE FOR HARMONIZING THE OPTICAL AXES OF A VISOR
US4993833A (en) * 1987-10-09 1991-02-19 Kontron Elektronik Gmbh Weapon aiming device
DE8808024U1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1988-10-27 Krupp Atlas Elektronik GmbH, 2800 Bremen Optical aiming device, in particular main telescopic sight, for a battle tank
DE4003932A1 (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-08-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm METHOD FOR VISOR ADJUSTMENT IN WEAPON SYSTEMS
DE4020150C2 (en) * 1990-06-25 2003-11-20 Leica Geosystems Ag Device for displaying a target
US5180881A (en) * 1991-06-12 1993-01-19 Electronics & Space Corp. Beam steered laser for fire control
US5434704A (en) * 1992-08-14 1995-07-18 Litton Systems, Inc. Night vision weapon sight
DE4305588C1 (en) * 1993-02-24 1994-06-30 Zeiss Carl Fa Electro-optical range finder adaptable to a night vision device
DE4438955C2 (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-09-26 Swarovski Optik Kg Rifle scope
GB9920455D0 (en) 1999-08-31 1999-11-03 Fire Point Uk Limited Magnetic lightweight collimator
AT515276B1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2021-02-15 Swarovski Optik Kg Telescope with prism erecting system

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US2887774A (en) 1954-09-30 1959-05-26 Beaconing Optical And Prec Mat Apparatus for adjusting the reticule of a range-finding mechanism
DE1210360B (en) * 1964-11-07 1966-02-03 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Sighting device coupled to a laser range finder
US3575085A (en) 1968-08-21 1971-04-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Advanced fire control system
FR2140699A5 (en) 1970-09-08 1973-01-19 France Etat
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FR2344807A1 (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-10-14 Realisa Electroniques Et Antitank rocket firing tube sight - employs laser and calculator on same axes of rotation as tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO784147L (en) 1979-07-09
FR2414184A1 (en) 1979-08-03
NO143392B (en) 1980-10-20
AT363822B (en) 1981-09-10
ES475998A1 (en) 1979-10-16
EP0003085A1 (en) 1979-07-25
AR219571A1 (en) 1980-08-29
US4213700A (en) 1980-07-22
NO143392C (en) 1981-01-28
FR2414184B1 (en) 1980-05-16
ATA10579A (en) 1981-01-15
BR7808284A (en) 1979-08-07

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