DE3639030A1 - ENOSSAL IMPLANT WITH POLYCAPILLAR STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an endosseous implant, that in the bone tissue of a living creature to restore position of the organ functions of the creature is embedded, specifically the invention relates to an implant, which has a polycapillary structure by or when it is in an alveolar bone for use with a den valley prosthesis and / or in orthopedic surgery is or is set.

The prior art is first explained in more detail:

With the development of biotechnology and the development of Biomaterials have made it possible to therapeutic ope rations for embedding an implant in the form of a artificial tooth root and / or an artificial bone in bone tissue during dental treatment and in the field to practice orthopedic surgery. From the pro thetic materials that ver in a living creature be used, it is said that metal materials or Kera mic materials that have the least relationship to the biosystem have a higher stability than high molecular weight have materials that have a molecular structure, which is similar to or corresponds to the materials described in are naturally present in the living creature. Wei it is also for prosthetic materials if they are in to be used in a living creature Lich that these materials are not irritating or toxic Have an effect on the cells and tissues that they have no phy physical and chemical changes in the living body generate, especially no changes in mechanical Strength that they can withstand external forces sufficiently can and that they in their adhesiveness or in their Excellent adherence to their neighboring tissues are not.  

Among the biomaterials that are given above Met the requirements approximately, there are metals, such as pure gold, platinum, titanium, zircon, tan valley; Gold alloys, platinum alloys, titanium alloys, Zirconium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, iron-nickel Chrome alloys; and ceramic materials, such as for example aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon nitride, so like apatite crystallized glass. There are various types strikes to make an implant from one set material or a composite material from which he mentioned metals and / or ceramics to be made reliable fixation of the implant in the bone tissue to reach. For example, with a dental endosseous Implant that is used as an artificial tooth root Preservation and anchoring of the implant in the alveolar Bones largely depend on how the bone tissue that Osteoid tissue and the fibrous tissue with the upper implant are connected. As a result, an implant from Bucket type with a metallic or ceramic plate formed with opening holes, each opening hole had a uniform dimension and be an opening was drawn as well as was trained to the implant the anchoring effect of a bone tissue, which in the Openings proliferate and penetrate the alveolar bone maintain. Even with a porous implant which is a porous ceramic material, cermet material or Sintered body made of pure titanium and a titanium alloy as Material used will hold the Implan tats in the alveolar bone tissue through an anchoring stop achieved between the implant and the in the butt ren ingrown bone tissue is generated. For example is an endosseous ceramic in U.S. Patent 4,259,072 implant described with which the above anchorage stop is achieved and a previous invention of the inventor of the endosseous implant of the present application, Dr.  

Haruyuki Kawahara, is. The implant according to this earlier one Invention as in the aforementioned US patent is written is a composite structure that in combination of an outer ceramic part and an inner ceramic core is formed part, the outer part made of porous Ke is made of ceramic and both on the top as well on the bottom with openings from 20 to 500 µm (for the dental use) is formed, as well as on the inner sense te of its thickness is provided with reticulated roots, which in Are connected to the openings. The bone tissue and that Connecting fabrics penetrate the openings and pass through the openings to or into the roots within the part, with the result that the outer part is kept stable and anchored in the bone by an anchoring effect becomes.

However, in a conventional manner made of metals, Le alloys or ceramics-trained implants play shovel opening type and core Opening type, a hole of 1 mm in diameter or more, and accordingly, the implant is only anchored by the anchor ingrown bone tissue. But when this bone tissue due to a pathological cause or a chew or a concentration of chewing stress If it breaks or becomes damaged, it comes in not a few cases of failure of the artificial tooth root.

In addition, because of conventional porous Im plantate fragile in terms of its mechanical strength and the embedding parts of the implants are all columnar are in the selection of cases for which the implants are effective, limited, and these implants are only in a small number of use cases of implants effectively usable compared to the number of cases of Diseases, ailments and other necessities in de implants would be required.  

Furthermore, it is because the outer part of the implant after the U.S. Patent 4,259,072, as mentioned above The was made of porous ceramic, so that the openings and the reticulated roots all from the porous Structure are formed, so that the form, Ab measurement and distribution of openings and network-like Roots on the type of ceramic, on the amount of foaming agent used in the formation of pores, and depend on the sintering conditions of the ceramic. Accordingly, be a major problem is that it is related to the design is difficult, artificially the desired shape, Ab measurement and distribution of tubular channels to control or control.

After intensive research has been done to address the problems of Stan to solve the art, the inventions specified below endosseous implant according to the invention found.

The present invention is briefly summarized first to say that an object of the invention is an implant which is able to provide one to cause polycapillary structure built into it or is built up by ingrowth and intrusion of at least two, preferably of at least more than allows two, types of tissue in the same, namely from the tissues: bone tissue, osteoid tissue and fibrous tissue be, so that consequently hard and soft anchoring effects gene inherent in the tissues can be freely preserved namely through artificial selection of the growing and penetrating tissue according to the different cases of sick ity, infirmity or other need for an implant.

The implant is made after the aforementioned tissues have been brought in to grow into it penetrate in the manner of bars firmly on both  Sides of its thickness are held up by the tissues on this Way ingrown and invaded, and it is with egg a bone architecture structure just like a natural one Bone tissue formed or penetrated.

The above goal is achieved by an endosseous implant achieved according to the invention, the at least one embedding has part, which to embed in a living tissue is, the embedding part any plate-like Body as such and a desired shape of the body that is obtained by working the plate-like body, comprises, the plate-like body regularly or un regularly a plurality of substantially straight tubes has shaped cylindrical channels through the thickness of the go through plate-like body, so that they the one grow and penetrate the neighboring bone tissue into enable the same, the channels at least two ar have three different pore diameters, namely from large, medium and small pore diameters each to the ingrowth and penetration of bone tissue, To enable osteoid tissue and fibrous tissue respectively creating a polycapillary structure through ingrowth and Penetration of at least two of the three tissue types, which after implantation by the thickness of the plate-like Body, is built up.

In preferred embodiments of the invention comprises or is the plate-like body that bil the embedding part det, not just a literally straight plate, but also a cylindrical body, especially a hollow cylinder body, in which the plate-like body becomes one Hollow body is rolled or shaped. However, it was on it noted that in the context of the present invention Embedding part also in various forms other than that of the plate-like body can be provided.  

The invention will now be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 of the drawing, which illustrate embodiments of endosseous implants according to the invention, using some particularly preferred exemplary embodiments of implants according to the invention; it shows in detail:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an endosteal implant according to the invention, which has an embedding part which is formed by a vertical plate.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing another distribution of cylindrical channels in an implant that is otherwise of the same type as the implant of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an implant according to another embodiment of the invention, which has an embedding part which is formed by a horizon tal plate;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an implant according to the invention, in which a plate-like body is used as a embedding part is rolled into a cylindrical body and formed;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the implant according to the embodiment from FIG. 4 in the state in which it is inserted into an alveolar bone; and

Fig. 6 is an exploded front view of an implant of the retractable type, which is a further embodiment of the invention, with a part broken out for Dar's sake or shown in section.

It is now a more detailed description given the invention based on embodiments.

It is desirable that the implant material contained in the frame men of the invention is used from a metal of a fold substance is produced, for example titanium, zir kon, tantalum, as a material used for a living tissue least disadvantageous or harmful; but it is possible Lich to make a suitable choice of metals, such as for example made of titanium alloys, zirconium alloys, egg sen-nickel-chromium alloys and cobalt-chromium alloys, or from ceramic materials, such as aluminum Umoxidceramiken, zirconium oxide ceramics, apatite crystallized Glass ceramics, hydroxyapatite or hydroxyapatite ceramics and other ceramics etc.

A description will now be given of details of endosseous implants having a polycapillary structure, with reference to a dental endosseous implant used as an artificial tooth root and exemplified. In Figs. 1 to 6 louder dental intra-osseous implants are shown, each of the ser implants having a embedding part 1 and a rod or pin 2, the latter being connected to the same in the middle with the part 1 approximately, and from the part 1 extends upwards so that it can receive an artificial tooth t on its upper side or at its upper end (see FIG. 5). Regarding the shape of the plate-like body which forms the embedding part 1 , it must be said that the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 are each made of vertical plates 10 , while the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is made of a horizontal plate 10 , whereas the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 has a hollow cylinder 11 which has been formed in that a porous plate-like body has been rolled to the cylinder shown or has been deformed in some other way, and the embedding part 11 in FIG. 6 formed from a vertical plate in such a way that the rod or pin 2 is releasably connected by a screw connection with the embedding part by being screwed into the embedding part. In the illustrated embodiments, the cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 formed through the embedding parts are divided into three types of different pore diameters, namely, these types of pore diameters are as follows: a large pore diameter of more than 100 µm for a bone tissue (ingrowth and penetration or penetration), an average pore diameter of 40 to 100 µm for an osteoid tissue which is to grow in and penetrate or penetrate into it, and a small pore diameter of less than 40 µm for a fibrous tissue, the wax in and penetrate or penetrate. The range in which these pore diameters overlap does not imply a limitation range of the numerical value for the ingrowth and penetration of any of the above tissues, rather, since the tissues are living tissues, a plurality of tissues mixed into the Wax into the plantate and penetrate or penetrate.

The formation of cylindrical channels according to the invention enables a suitable selection of a method for their Manufacture from the following processes: Electrical beam process, laser beam process, electro spark Charge or electric radio processing methods and mecha African drilling process.  

The implant of the polycapillary structure according to the invention differs in particular in the geographical or geometric distribution of the cylindrical channels from conventional porous implants and makes it possible to artificially set or adjust the area of the pore diameter and the distribution of the cylindrical channels, and by any of the following methods: electron beam method, laser beam method, electro-spark discharge or electro-spark machining method and mechanical drilling method. For example, the cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 in the illustrated embodiments each have a large pore diameter of 1000 μm (1 mm), an average pore diameter of 100 μm (0.1 mm) and a small pore diameter of 40 μm (0 , 04 mm), and these cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 are arranged close to each other and distributed irregularly, while in Fig. 2 the cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 are cross-sectionally distributed in respective groups and approximately regularly distributed in each group . The degree of opening or the opening rate of the cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 in FIG. 1 is approximately 30% of the surface area of the vertical plate. The degree of opening or the opening rate is generally in the range of 20 to 60%. Such a geographical or geometric distribution of the cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 is suitably determined according to the external force exerted on the implant. The ingrowth and penetration of the bone tissue into the channels 3 results in a rela tively rigid holding of the implant, while the fibrous tissue and the osteoid tissue, which have a low modulus of elasticity and high shock resistance, keep the implant soft and by any external impact in the essentials are not crushed, crushed or broken. Even in the event that the bone tissue that has grown into and penetrated the implant has been broken up by a heavy load, in particular a shock load, and has become unable to hold the implant, the implant is further held by the fibrous tissue and / or the osteoid tissue is effectively kept and thereby prevents the implant from falling or falling out, so that in the meantime it is possible for the bone tissue to heal or re-form, where by again holding the implant firmly in the alveola ren bone is ensured. Accordingly, the distribution of the tubular channels is taken into consideration in such a manner that a load exerted on the implant in the form of a strong shock is mainly absorbed softly by the fibrous tissue and that a load, which is exerted as a weak impact on the implant, is rigidly or relatively rigidly absorbed by the bone tissue and that, furthermore, a load which is of medium type is absorbed by the osteoid tissue in a harmoniously mixed state of rigidity and softness becomes. One of the characteristic features of the invention is that the establishment of a polycapillary structure between the implant and the living tissue is brought about by ingrowth and penetration of at least two of the three tissues into the tubular channels of the implant. Because the polycapillary structure passes through the thickness of the plate-like body of the bedding part and is formed relative to straight tubular cylindrical channels, it is in contrast to conventional porous implants in the implant according to the invention so that the plate-like body is not difficult in the living body is held substantially uniformly by the ingrowth and penetration of tissues into both sides of the plate-like body. In this way, the interface between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue forms a bio logical dynamic interface with which a holder is produced which is similar to the bone architecture structure which is realized in a natural bone tissue. In this regard, the invention can be applied to the case of diseases, ailments or the like. are applied, which cannot be treated by an implant of the opening type, which has such a simple interface which consists exclusively of pores of more than 1 mm in diameter, as is the case in the prior art, as set out above has been. In addition, it is compared to an implant whose openings in the outer part of the porous implant are not formed along the axis of channels but in a variety of complicated relationships, as is the case with a reticulated structure that is within the thickness of a porous Implant (outer part) is formed, which consists of porous ceramics corre sponding to the state of the art, so that the consideration with regard to the design given to the implant according to the invention with respect to its holder, not only by the manufacturing method according to the Invention is made easier, but also the length of each tubular channel is reduced within the thickness of the implant, so that the invention is superior to the prior art not only in the number of days during which the bone tissue, osteoid tissue and the like fibrous tissue ingrows into the implant and penetrates, but also in the safety of a beam-like n Support on both sides of the implant after penetration. The invention differs, inter alia, in this respect from the prior art.

A concrete description of the invention will now be given with reference to embodiments of dental endosseous implants according to the invention. The embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the case where the plate-like body is a vertical plate 10 and an elongated slot (not shown) is formed in the alveolar bone around the plate 10 in the slot to implant. The embodiment of FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the plate-like body is a horizontal plate 10 and a recess (not shown) is formed in the alveolar bone which is adapted to receive the plate 10 therein the plate 10 is implanted in the recess. When the plate-like body is rolled, rolled or otherwise formed into a cylindrical body 11 , as shown in Fig. 4, an annular hole 6 , which is a little larger than the wall thickness of the body 11 , becomes in an alveolar bone A. : configured so that the columnar natural bone 7 is used within the zylin-cylindrical body 11 as the core of the implant to it at least two tissues from the tissues as shown in Figure 5, and the body 11 is inserted into the hole 6. Bone tissue be, osteoid tissue and fibrous tissue, to allow to grow and penetrate from the inside and outside with respect to the body 11 in the tubular channels 3 , 4 and 5 . In this way, if it is judged that enough time has passed, that the at least two kinds of tissues mentioned are inserted into any of the two kinds of tubular passages from the three kinds of cylindrical passages 3 , 4 and 5 of the body 11 ingrown and penetrated, an artificial tooth t above or on the rod or pin 2 attached. In this structure, since the core 7 is positioned within the cylindrical body 11 , reinforcement is effected by the core 7 , so that the post-operative stability of the cylindrical body 11 at a relatively early stage of ingrowth and penetration of the aforementioned tissues into the Channels 3 , 4 and 5 can be reached. In contrast to this, in the case of the prior art, since the outer part implanted in the alveolar bones is hollow and there is no core inside, it is not only necessary to coat the hollow outer part with any suitable material or the like. fill, but it also requires a relatively long period of time, so that penetrated tissue develops sufficiently, as well as differentiated and bony. The retractable implant according to the embodiment of the invention, which is shown in Fig. 6 is such that the rod or pin 2 with the vertical plate 1 by means of a raised screw or an external thread 21 and a recessed screw or an internal thread 12th is connected in such a way that first the vertical plate 10 is implanted only in the alveolar bone and that the rod or pin 2 is only screwed to the vertical plate 10 after the implantation or the implant has stabilized is connected. In this case too, the stabilization of the implanted vertical plate 10 can be achieved in a relatively short period of time by the ingrowth and penetration of the tissue into the cylindrical channels 3 , 4 and 5 .

In the dental shown here and described above endosseous implants it is because the implant after the Er finding a dynamic connection through both hard and also enables soft bone tissue and fibrous tissue, after the implant is embedded in the alveolar bone has been such that the anchoring force of the implant in the bone is strong and that at the same time a bone tightness web architecture structure in the living bone is brought forward or made available. Accordingly resolves even then the implant does not separate from the alveolar bone, when the bone tissue is broken by an external impact that is exerted on the implant, namely especially by chewing during chewing and when in consequently the anchoring effect of the bone tissue is excluded or no longer anchoring effect practices. Because of the fibrous tissue and the anchoring of the  fibrous tissue and osteoid tissue that are in the tube channels have grown in, each of which is a small one a pore diameter of less than 40 µm and an average ren pore diameter of 40 to 100 microns by the Are not broken, it is the case that this the last mentioned tissue the implant in the alveola hold their bones, and also promote them the last mentioned tissues the healing of the fracture surfaces of the bony substance at the interface between Bone and implant. According to the invention, the artificial che control or control of the type and distribution of the Po diameter in terms of drilling technology is easy. The according to it is possible to have implants on a planned basis produce the different pore diameters accordingly the disease or frailty or other application have cases.

It is desirable to have simple substances necessary for a le tissue is least detrimental or harmful, as materials for use in the implant use (pure titanium was used in the embodiments det), but there is no objection to a Titanle alloy, a zirconium alloy, an iron-nickel-chrome-le alloy or ceramic materials such as aluminum minium oxide, zirconium dioxide, apatite crystallized glass ceramics ken, hydroxyapatite, silicon nitride ceramics etc. used will. It is a broad application of the invention to be expected, especially insofar as the invention Adequate implant not only as an implant in the dental treatment can be used, but also on everyone their areas of orthopedic surgery.

Of course, the invention is not described in the limited and / or illustrated embodiments, but it can be within the scope of the subject matter of the inven  tion, as specified in the claims, and in Framework of the general inventive concept, as he ge All documents can be found in a variety of ways execute, in particular modify or modify.

Claims (13)

1. Endosseous implant which has at least one embedding part to be embedded in a living tissue which comprises any plate-like body or is any plate-like body and has a desired body shape which has been obtained by working the plate-like body, characterized in that the plate-like body ( 10, 11 ) ordered or regular or unordered or irregular or jumbled a plurality of substantially straight tubular channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) which pass through the thickness of the plate-like body pers ( 10 , 11 ) , so that they allow the ingrowth and penetration or penetration of the adjacent bone tissue and / or thereby, the tubular channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) at least two types of three different pore diameters of large, medium and small buttocks rene diameters each comprise or have around the ingrowth and penetration or penetration of a bone tissue, To enable osteoid tissue and fibrous tissue, so that thereby a polycapillary structure is built up by the ingrowth and penetration or penetration of the at least two of the three types of tissue which pass through the thickness of the plate-like body ( 10 , 11 ) after the implantation becomes. 2. Endosseous implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate-like body is a straight vertical plate ( 10 ) or a horizontal plate ( 10 ). 3. Endosseous implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate-like body is rolled or shaped into a cylindrical body ( 11 ). 4. endosseous implant according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the pore diameter water of the cylindrical channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) are in the range of 10 to 3000 microns, these diameters less than 40 microns with a small diameter, 40th up to 100 µm for the medium diameter and greater than 100 µm for the large diameter. 5. Endosseous implant according to claim 4, characterized ge indicates that the large pore diameter 1000 µm, the average diameter 100 µm and the small one Diameter is more than 40 microns. 6. Endosseous implant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that all tubular channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) account for 20 to 60% of the surface area of the plate-like body ( 10 , 11 ) in the opening rate or degree of opening. 7. Endosseous implant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cylindri's channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) by an electric or electron beam process or an electron beam processing method, a laser beam process or a laser beam machining process, an electro-spark discharge - or Elektrofunkenbear beitungsverfahren and / or a mechanical drilling process are made. 8. Endosseous implant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cylindri's channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) geographically or geometrically depending on the stress or strain exerted on the embedding part ( 1 ) , are distributed, the se distribution is such that channels ( 4 , 5 ) of small or medium pore diameter correspond to high impact stress or stress, while channels ( 4 ) of medium pore diameter correspond to medium shock stress or stress and Channels ( 3 , 4 ) of large or medium pore diameter correspond to small shock loads or loads. 9. endosseous implant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that with the embedding part ( 1 ) a rod ( 2 ) or pin ( 2 ) for Daranbefesti gene a prosthetic part (t) is connected. 10. Endosseous implant according to claim 9, characterized in that the embedding part ( 1 ) is or is implanted in an alveolar bone and that an artificial tooth (t) over or on the top or the upper end of the rod or pin ( 2 ) which is implanted in the alveolar bone. 11. Endosseous implant according to claim 10, characterized in that in this implant designed as a dental enos sales implant, the cylindrical channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) have or include three types of large, medium and small diameter and that the embedding part ( 1 ) a vertical plate ( 10 ), a horizontal plate ( 10 ) or a cylindrical body ( 11 ) formed by rolling or deforming a plate-like body into a cylindrical shape. 12. Endosseous implant according to claim 11, characterized in that the vertical plate ( 10 ) of this, designed as a dental endosseous implant, is an implant of the retractable type, which is threaded ( 12 , 21 ) with the rod or pin ( 2nd ) connected is. 13. Endosseous implant according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that in this implant designed as a dental endosseous implant, the embedding part ( 1 ) and the rod or pin ( 2 ) consist of pure titanium or a titanium alloy, and the channel diameter is in the range of 10 to 3000 µm and the channels ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) in the embedding part ( 1 ) make up to 30% in the opening rate or degree of opening, in particular their degree of opening up to 30% of the area of the embedding part ( 1 ) is.