DE10315317B4 - Method for operating a Phasenverstellvorrichtung and Phasenverstellvorrichtung for performing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for adjusting the phase between a camshaft (9) and a crankshaft (12) by means of a phasing device (1), wherein the phasing device (1) comprises a drive (2) with a drive shaft (4), a transmission (5) and a sensor device (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) for detecting the rotational speed or the position of a component (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of the phase adjustment device (1), characterized in that the sensor device (14, 15 , 16, 17, 18, 19) measures the speed or position of a component (3, 4, 6), the speed of which during adjustment by the ratio of the transmission (5) is many times higher than that of the camshaft (9).

Description

The invention relates to a Phasenverstellvorrichtung for adjusting the rotational angle of a camshaft relative to the rotational angle of a crankshaft.

In internal combustion engines, the crankshaft drives one or more camshafts via a primary drive, which is designed, for example, as a toothed belt. For this purpose, a camshaft wheel is attached to each camshaft, via which the primary drive drives the camshaft. In this case, at any time a translation of the rotational angle of the crankshaft, wherein 720 ° crankshaft rotation angle φ _K in 360 ° camshaft rotation angle φ _{N are} implemented. The ratio of the two angles of rotation is constant due to this coupling. In most applications, this fixed coupling between the camshaft and the crankshaft results in a ratio of:

However, the operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine can be optimized, in particular with regard to fuel consumption, exhaust emission and running culture, when the system coupled via the primary drive can be changed between the camshaft and crankshaft and thereby the phase between the two shafts is adjusted.

State of the art

In the DE 100 38 354 A1 For detecting the phasing on the camshaft and the crankshaft or on the camshaft gear, sensor devices are mounted which sense the actual position of the camshaft relative to the actual position of the crankshaft or the camshaft wheel, whereby the positions or the rotational speeds of the shafts can be determined. Such a sensor device can be z. B. be realized by non-contact Hall sensors.

A disadvantage of such a structure is that discrete angle marks must be attached to the camshaft and crankshaft, which can then be scanned by the sensors. The number of these angle marks on the camshaft is dependent on the number of cylinders or the periodic camshaft alternating torque. Because it is not possible to attach any number of angle marks to the camshaft, the measuring accuracy of the position detection depends on the distance between two adjacent angle marks. The longer the period required for the sensing of two adjacent angle marks, the less accurate is the measurement result, that is, the phase adjustment can not be determined exactly.

A similar measurement is made in US 5 715 780 A made using the agreement of tooth flanks with tooth gaps of a trigger wheel for position determination. In US 3,978,829 A1 a plurality of sensor elements are provided between two discs which are fixedly connected to the sprocket or to the camshaft. At low relative speed of the waves, the resolution is also insufficient.

task

The object of the invention is to show a Phasenverstellvorrichtung that determines even at low speeds or even at standstill of the crankshaft an accurate reading for the phase adjustment and thus can regulate the phase adjustment to the desired value even in the lower speed range.

This object is achieved by the features in claim 1, this additional sensors are mounted directly on or in the Phasenverstellvorrichtung, wherein the Phasenverstellvorrichtung includes a drive and a transmission having a high gear ratio with respect to the camshaft, wherein a high gear ratio means that the speed of the sensed part of the phase adjuster at least during the adjustment depending on the adjustment direction by a multiple greater or smaller than the speed of the camshaft.

The advantages of the invention are that a higher resolution with respect to the position of the camshaft can be achieved because individual mechanical components of the phaser, at least during the adjustment depending on the adjustment direction higher or lower adjustment speed than the speed of the camshaft. The sensors for such Phasenverstellvorrichtungen are easy and inexpensive to integrate. Such a construction has a higher quality in the measurement of the phase adjustment. With such Phasenverstellvorrichtungen also internal combustion engines at low speed or from the state can be controlled exactly.

Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims. In this case, the sensor on the phaser either the position of the electric motor rotor or the position of a transmission part, the adjustment in comparison with the camshaft due to the translation different speed, capture. In determining the position of the electric motor rotor, incremental sensors prove to be particularly advantageous, which can both be mounted externally on the motor or are already integrated in some electric motors, for example, as a Hall sensor. Alternatively, that is to say without discrete sensors, it is also possible to draw conclusions about the position of the rotor by measuring electrical variables of the current electric motor, in particular the mutual induction voltage.

embodiment

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and figures. Show it:

1 : Camshaft with phasing device;

2 : Phase adjusting device with incremental sensor on the rotor of an electric motor;

3 : Phase adjustment device with incremental sensor on the drive axle of an electric motor;

4 : Phase adjusting device with incremental sensor on a transmission part;

5 : Phase adjuster with voltmeter on the electric motor.

1 shows a camshaft 9 with a phase adjuster 1 , This drives the crankshaft 12 via a prime mover 7 the camshaft wheel 8th at. Here, the respective position or speed of the crankshaft 12 with a sensor 13 detected. This position information is forwarded to a non-illustrated control unit and provided for further processing.

The crankshaft 12 drives over the prime mover 7 and the camshaft gear coupled thereto 8th the camshaft 9 at. Also the position or speed of the camshaft 9 is done with the help of a sensor 11 detected. For this purpose, four camshaft marks are on the camshaft in the application example 10 attached, so that at a known speed of the crankshaft z. For example, it is possible to measure the time that has elapsed between the sensing of a crankshaft mark and a cam cue mark. This period can be offset in a signal processing, not shown, to a Phasenverstellwinkel, the phase adjustment between the camshaft 9 and the crankshaft 12 represents that of the phaser 1 is caused.

At low speeds or standstill of the crankshaft 12 is the period between the detection of a crankshaft mark and a camshaft mark 10 too large. Alone with the camshaft sensor 11 and the crankshaft sensor 13 At low speeds, the phase adjustment can not be determined or only very inaccurate. For this reason, is located on the phaser 1 at least one further sensor device 14 , the various positions or speeds of moving, in particular rotating or tumbling, components 3 . 4 . 6 in the phase adjuster. This phaser 1 can in this case on the camshaft 8th or directly on the camshaft 9 act so that they are opposite the prime mover 7 and thus also the crankshaft 12 accelerated or delayed. Should the phase adjuster 1 no influence on the camshaft 9 so it fits the movement of the camshaft sprocket 8th at.

The phase adjuster shown here 1 includes a drive 2 . 4 and a gearbox 5 , where the gearbox by the electric motor 2 via a drive shaft 4 is moved. This gear 5 acts on the camshaft sprocket 8th or the camshaft 9 one. The speed of the components 3 . 4 . 6 on the electric motor 2 and in gear 5 of the phase adjuster 1 are proportional to the camshaft speed. That is, a component of the phase adjuster changes 1 its position, so does the position of the camshaft 9 changed in a predefined way. However, on the side of the phase adjuster 1 the speeds at least during the adjustment depending on the adjustment significantly higher or lower than the speed of the camshaft 9 ,

With a phaser 1 with swash plate gears is the relative speed of the electric motor 2 during the adjustment about 60 times higher than the adjustment speed of the camshaft 9 , If you record the number of rotations in the phase adjuster 1 , so you can even at low speeds of the crankshaft 12 the position of the camshaft 9 determine, because then the high ratio (in application example 60: 1) allows a fine measurement of the relative adjustment of the camshaft.

• – Aus den Kurbelwellensignalen, die entstehen, wenn die nicht dargestellten Kurbelwellenmarkierungen vom Sensor erfasst werden, wird die aktuelle Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle 12 errechnet.
• – Aus der Kurbelwellendrehzahl wird die Drehzahl des Nockenwellenrades 8 berechnet.
• – Mittels des Phasenverstellvorrichtungssensors 14 wird die Drehzahl einer Komponente 3, 4, 6 der Phasenverstellung 1 ermittelt, mit der auch der Verdrehwinkel dieser Komponente als Absolut- oder Relativwert berechnet wird.
• – Aus den Drehzahlen bzw. den Verdrehwinkeln einer Komponente 3, 4, 6 der Phasenverstellvorrichtung 1 und dem Primärantrieb 7 wird die relative Verdrehung zwischen dieser Komponente 3, 4, 6 und dem Primärantrieb 7 berechnet.
• – Mittels der Übersetzung der Phasenverstellvorrichtung ist der Zusammenhang zwischen: der relativen Verdrehung zwischen einer Komponente 3, 4, 6 der Phasenverstellvorrichtung 1 und dem Primärantrieb 7 und damit auch der Kurbelwelle 12 bekannt, damit ist auch die relative Verdrehung der Nockenwelle 9 gegenüber dem Primärantrieb 7 und damit auch gegenüber der Kurbelwelle 12 bekannt, wobei sich ein erster Istwinkel aus der aktuellen Phasenlage der Nockenwelle 9 gegenüber der Kurbelwelle 12 ergibt.
• – Dieser erste Istwinkel wird nun mit dem Istwinkel des Sensorsystems aus Nocken- und Kurbelwellen-Sensor 11, 13, die einen zweiten Istwinkel bilden, abgeglichen; dies erfolgt vorzugsweise dann, wenn der zweite Istwinkel aufgrund einer entsprechend hohen Kurbelwellen-Drehzahl eine ausreichende Güte besitzt.

A determination of the phasing between the camshaft 9 and the crankshaft 12 For example, you can do the following:

• - From the crankshaft signals that occur when the crankshaft markers, not shown, are detected by the sensor, the current speed of the crankshaft 12 calculated.
• - From the crankshaft speed is the speed of the camshaft sprocket 8th calculated.
• - By means of the phase adjuster sensor 14 becomes the speed of a component 3 . 4 . 6 the phase adjustment 1 determined with that too the angle of rotation of this component is calculated as absolute or relative value.
• - From the speeds or the angles of rotation of a component 3 . 4 . 6 the phase adjuster 1 and the prime mover 7 is the relative rotation between this component 3 . 4 . 6 and the prime mover 7 calculated.
• By means of the translation of the phase adjuster is the relationship between: the relative rotation between a component 3 . 4 . 6 the phase adjuster 1 and the prime mover 7 and thus also the crankshaft 12 known, so that is the relative rotation of the camshaft 9 opposite the prime mover 7 and thus also with respect to the crankshaft 12 known, wherein a first actual angle of the current phase angle of the camshaft 9 opposite the crankshaft 12 results.
• - This first actual angle is now with the actual angle of the sensor system of cam and crankshaft sensor 11 . 13 , which form a second actual angle, adjusted; This is preferably done when the second actual angle has a sufficient quality due to a correspondingly high crankshaft speed.

• – der Phasenversteller 1 in eine Position gebracht wird, die als Referenzmarke dient (hierfür eignen sich besonders die Endanschläge des Phasenverstellers 1)
• – dann erfolgen die Istwinkelbestimmung und die Regelung der Phasenlage allein auf Basis des ersten Istwinkels.
• – Steigen die Kurbewellendrehzahlen wieder an, erfolgt wieder der Abgleich mit dem zweiten Istwinkel.

In the range of very small crankshaft speeds and at a standstill, the phase adjustment can be measured by:

• - the phaser 1 is brought into a position which serves as a reference mark (this is particularly suitable for the end stops of the phaser 1 )
• - Then the actual angle determination and the control of the phase position carried out solely on the basis of the first actual angle.
• - If the crankshaft speeds rise again, the adjustment is made again with the second actual angle.

Such a sensor device 14 to capture the position of a component 3 . 4 . 6 the phase adjuster can, as in 2 shown an incremental sensor 19 have, the z. B. over markings 15 on the rotor 3 of the electric motor 2 the movement of the phase adjuster 1 detected. In this case, at least the number of rotations of the rotor 3 detected. Likewise, in case of several markings 15 on the rotor 3 also the position of the rotor 3 be specified more precisely during one revolution. Is the translation between the rotor 3 and the camshaft 9 known and is this z. B. 60: 1, the position of the camshaft, even at low speeds or at a standstill to about 1/60 within a revolution of the camshaft 9 be determined.

As an example of an incremental sensor 19 is to call a Hall sensor, for example, already in the electric motor 2 can be integrated. Also external sensors z. B. in the form of light barriers can be used for the measurements. These too can easily markings 15 Sensing a turn or a specific position.

Such an incremental sensor 19 can also be alternative, as in 3 shown on the drive shaft 4 between the electric motor 2 and the transmission 5 or directly on a transmission part 6 as in 4 shown attached. For this purpose, then the corresponding parts also markings 16 . 17 on which the corresponding sensor 19 can measure.

Important for such Phasenverstellvorrichtungen 1 is only that due to the gear ratio, a part 3 . 4 . 6 the phase adjuster 1 , whose speed or position is measured, at least during the adjustment depending on the adjustment direction, a higher or lower speed than the speed of the camshaft 9 having.

In 5 it is shown that even without discrete sensors the position of a rotating part 3 the phase adjuster 1 can be determined. This is done, for example, by the counter-induction voltage of the non-current-carrying coil is measured at electronically commutated DC motors. With this value, then the speed or the position of the rotor 3 in the electric motor 2 censored. This is a sensor 18 for measuring an electrical variable, in particular the mutual induction voltage in the Phasenverstellvorrichtung 1 appropriate.

Also suitable for such a phase adjustment device are all other sensor types and measuring methods with which the rotational speed or position of a component of the phase adjuster can be determined.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Phasenverstellvorrichtung

2

drive

3

Electric motor rotor

4

drive shaft

5

transmission

6

Component of the phase adjuster

7

primary drive

8th

camshaft

9

camshaft

10

camshafts mark

11

camshaft position sensor

12

crankshaft

13

crankshaft sensor

14

Phasenverstellvorrichtungssensor

15

Mark on the rotor

16

Marking on the drive shaft

17

Marking on the gearbox

18

sensor device

19

incremental sensor

Claims (10)

Method for adjusting the phase between a camshaft ( 9 ) and a crankshaft ( 12 ) by means of a phase adjustment device ( 1 ), wherein the phase adjustment device ( 1 ) a drive ( 2 ) with a drive shaft ( 4 ), a transmission ( 5 ) and a sensor device ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) for detecting the rotational speed or the position of a component ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ) the phase adjuster ( 1 ), characterized in that the sensor device ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) the speed or position of a component ( 3 . 4 . 6 ), the speed of which during adjustment is determined by the ratio of the gearbox ( 5 ) is many times higher than that of the camshaft ( 9 ). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that from relative rotational speeds or relative rotational angles between the crankshaft ( 12 ) and the phase adjustment device ( 1 ) taking into account the translation of torsions of the camshaft ( 9 ) in relation to the crankshaft ( 12 ) be calculated. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that an angle adjustment between the sensors on the Phasenverstellvorrichtung ( 1 ) and the camshaft ( 9 ) takes place. Method according to claim 1, wherein the drive ( 2 ) is an electric motor, characterized in that the sensor device comprises an incremental sensor ( 19 ), which detects the movement of the electric motor rotor ( 3 ) detected. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor device comprises an incremental sensor ( 19 ), which controls the movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) or a transmission part ( 6 ) in the transmission ( 5 ) detected. Method according to claim 1, wherein the drive ( 2 ) is an electric motor, characterized in that the sensor device comprises a sensor ( 18 ) for measuring an electrical quantity with which the speed of the electric motor ( 2 ) is determined. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that that of the sensor device ( 18 ) measured electrical quantity is the mutual induction voltage of the currentless coil of the electric motor. Phase adjustment device ( 1 ) for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims. Phase adjustment device ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the incremental sensor ( 19 ) is a Hall sensor. Phase adjustment device ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the Hall sensor in the form of an electric motor drive ( 2 ) is integrated.

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