DE10240886A1 - Large caliber gun has sleeve which fits over rear end of barrel and breech block mounting, barrel having gas inlet in section inside sleeve connecting it to gas cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The large caliber gun has a sleeve (104) which fits over the rear end of the barrel (101) and the mounting (105, 106) for the breech block (111, 113). The barrel has a gas inlet (173) in the section inside the sleeve which connects it to a gas cylinder (171).

Description

The invention relates to a large caliber Rifle with a central force introduction part, the rear End of the barrel and the locking abutments of the breech records (preamble of claim 1).

Under "large-caliber" is special here a rifle with a caliber or the largest cartridge diameter of the cartridge understood of more than 15 mm.

With large-caliber rifles is a heavy one Missiles like a floor, a sabot projectile, a shot, a gas body or the like, brought to a speed that is quite low is when you use other, small-caliber, high-performance rifles compares. That is why the gas pressure is comparatively low, especially in the front area of the barrel.

In this document all situation descriptions go from the shot direction pointing, held horizontally in the position of use, their direction of fire to the "front".

With a large caliber, gas pressure loading rifle, whose cartridge diameter is about 15 mm, the closure is large and long and therefore heavy, so that too the forces required for loading are large. On the other hand, since the Gas pressure, as already mentioned, is low, the effective area of the gas piston. Accordingly, the amount of gas that is withdrawn from the barrel when fired is also great.

For this reason, recoil loaders have mostly been preferred, which, however, have the disadvantage of differences in recoil in particular to be sensitive.

In addition, recently with a large-caliber rifle a central anchoring element is provided to save weight, to all forces that occur preferably should act. The housing can then be carried out largely in the lightest plastic construction, since at most it is not heavily loaded. A gas piston device but requires at the tapping point of the barrel, usually with the gas cylinder interacts, another point of force application and therefore builds quite difficult.

Raised on large-caliber rifles also the problem that the Rifle is quite long if it is only an enlarged, normal-caliber rifle.

The invention is therefore the object based on the above-mentioned, large-caliber rifle to train that at least one of the problems mentioned at the beginning is at least partially alleviated.

In particular, the invention lies based on the task of using a self-loading rifle for large-caliber grenade cartridges long cartridge length and short cartridge case to create that is light and loads reliably.

This object is achieved according to the invention solved, that at Rifle mentioned at the beginning of the barrel still in the force introduction part a gas outlet has, and that a Gas cylinder is firmly connected to the force introduction part with the gas outlet is connected (claim 1).

The gas extraction opening in the force introduction part Needless a separate, force-absorbing border of the gas extraction opening. At the same time this is brought far back where the gas pressure to the Unlock and press even a heavy closure with a long reloading path is sufficient.

The barrel of the weapon according to the invention is preferred, as is common practice, provided with a cartridge chamber, which is integrally formed with the barrel is. It is also conceivable that the cartridge chamber from the barrel is separated. In the context of this invention, the term "barrel" includes the cartridge chamber, whether it's one piece now is trained with the barrel or not. According to the invention the gas outlet lies at the front end of the cartridge chamber and opens into a hole in the force introduction part, which in turn opens into the front end of the gas cylinder (claim 2). The cartridge chamber is, compared to the caliber of the 'barrel, with extremely large calibres Guns often quite short; with grenade cartridges the one described above Art, the cartridge chamber is even extremely short. That's the slow way Sufficient acceleration of the closure due to the action of the launch gases, to before opening of the lock to ensure that the projectile is already there left the barrel. The pressure drop occurs with such large-caliber rifles usually so early that the overpressure is quite low in the barrel when the projectile leaves the barrel. At the same time on a pipe or something like that Component waived while the force introduction part for it ensures that too a high pressure in its bore is absorbed and applied to one Gas cylinder is forwarded.

This gas cylinder is preferred formed in the force introduction part (claim 3) and thus required no separate, force-absorbing component.

The hole can be in or against the shot direction aslant extend to utilize or inhibit the kinetic energy of the launch gases. Since this kinetic energy is only low at the end of the bearing, it is preferred that itself the bore transverse to the direction of the shot extends (claim 4). So the force introduction part can be so compact kept as possible become.

The gas cylinder that connects directly to the bore can be on the side or under the bearing sit. However, in order not to extend the width of the weapon excessively and to be able to attach a magazine under the breech, it is preferred that the gas cylinder sits above the cartridge chamber (claim 5). Since the gas cylinder is formed in the force introduction part, a very compact and, in particular, also in the longitudinal direction, short construction is ensured.

The closure is, as usual, from a locked one bolt head and a closure carrier. To a linkage towards the fastener carrier unnecessary and in spite of the gas cylinder lying far behind, the construction keeping the weapon short is, according to a further embodiment suggested that the Lock carrier the Gas piston forms (claim 6).

Similar a self-loading shotgun with a tube magazine, where the gas piston surrounds the magazine tube, it is preferred according to the invention the existence Tube with the closure carrier firmly is connected, passes through the gas cylinder and passes through as a receiving tube for a closing spring is (claim 7). The inner surface of the gas cylinder faces thus an annular one surface on, and besides the force is applied exactly centrally to the closure carrier. The Return spring for the closure, the so-called closing spring, also penetrates the tube, so that the one forming the gas piston Lock carrier too reset exactly centrically and therefore cannot tilt. The gas cylinder can Considered in terms of its diameter, it can also be built shorter than would otherwise be necessary.

According to a further embodiment, the tube has also the purpose of carrying a loading handle, either on the pipe is attached or can be attached or connected to it for loading (Claim 8).

There are various types of locking, for example side locking flaps or in a circle to the longitudinal center locking lugs attached to the barrel, but the flaps grip eccentrically on while Warts a backward movement of the bolt head imply and thus the overall length of the rifle, if only slightly. It is therefore proposed according to the invention. the existence Locking bolt penetrates the locking head across and from Lock carrier in its rest position pressed into a locking position in which he intervenes in the training of the force introduction part and thereby the closure head locked (claim 9). The training courses are advantageous approximately circularly symmetrical to the longitudinal axis attached to the barrel. The closure head therefore does not have to be an unlocking path return, if it is unlocked, it will only be the locking bolt transverse to the named longitudinal axis pulled out.

The device for this can be located above the closure head and does not take up any length.

As such a device is a rocker arm preferred, the one in the locking head is arranged, on the one hand in the path of movement of the closure carrier and on the other hand engages in the path of movement of the locking bolt and when the closure carrier moves out of its rest position Locking bolt from the training of the force introduction part moves out (claim 10). Such a rocker arm is e.g. at a Pivot axis mounted, which is arranged transversely in the breech head. Such However, the device can also be formed by a compression spring, which pushes the locking bolt out of its rest position when the fastener carrier space makes.

It is further preferred that the extended Locking bolt engages in the closure carrier, so that with it Movement of the locking bolt and thus the locking head taken away will (claim 11). This creates a positive connection between the bolt head and the closure carrier, indifferent, how fast the rewind of the closure carrier, So also when loading slowly.

The locking bolt preferably has an elongated hole, which is penetrated by the firing pin, the firing pin has a shoulder behind the locking bolt, and the elongated hole has a bevel to the rear that engages the heel of the firing pin and pushes it back when the locking bolt from engagement with the training of the Force introduction part is pulled (claim 12). So the firing pin after the shot violent pressed out of engagement with the cartridge and can be unlocked Lock the Do not reach the cartridge bottom. Thus, neither a tearing primer (so-called "capsule ripper") can Hold firing pin in front, premature ignition still occurs so when the breech head is not yet locked. This makes reliability even in the event of rare faults guaranteed.

Usually has a locking head just an extractor. However, it is also known to have two extractors provided. The invention deviates from both teachings in that that in bolt head two recesses are formed transversely to the locking bolt, into the back of each a hole for a pressure pin and this one pushing forward Are formed that in one of the recesses is pivotable against the force of the pressure pin Extractor is used, and that in the opposite If necessary, a support element is inserted immovably is that facing the extractor supports the bottom of a cartridge or cartridge case laterally (claim 13). Extractor and support element thus face each other.

The support element supports the cartridge case after being pulled out, so that the cartridge case does not slip off the opposite puller claw. The breech closes after the shot first an acceleration phase and then a deceleration phase. During the deceleration phase, the bottom of the accelerated cartridge case rests firmly on the impact floor. "Bump bottom" is the front face of the breech head.

Spring, pressure pin and extractor on one side and support element on the other hand can if necessary to change the ejection direction can be exchanged.

With the grenade cartridges mentioned at the beginning but is the cartridge case very short so they possibly already in the acceleration phase or shortly after this Cartridge leaves. Since that support element and the extractor sits in similar recesses, they can are exchanged for each other. So it is possible to change the direction of ejection of the rifle so that the Rifle on right or left-handed shooters simple adaptable is.

An embodiment of the invention is based on the attached Drawing closer explained. In This is:

1 a longitudinal section through a rear barrel end with force introduction part and closure,

2 a perspective view of the closure of the 1 .

3 a schematic cross section through the in 1 arrangement shown, and

4 a horizontal section through the breech head, with the rear part of a cartridge.

The parts shown belong to one Large-caliber self-loading rifle for grenade cartridges, their total length is about 90 mm, but the sleeve length less than 30 mm. The caliber is 20 mm. Show all figures same execution; the reference numbers apply to all figures.

The rifle has a barrel 101 on that in a force introduction part 104 is used. The rear end of the barrel 101 is as a cartridge chamber 103 educated. The cartridge case is in the cartridge chamber 165 a cartridge 163 added.

The force introduction part 104 forms a central anchoring element on which not only the barrel 101 , but also a housing, target electronics, a belt carrier and an attachment (grenade launcher, rapid-fire rifle, etc.) can be attached.

The force introduction part 104 is above the location hole for the barrel 101 and penetrated parallel to this by a bore, the front part of which has a smaller diameter than the bore 167 for the closing spring tube 169 is formed and opens into a larger hole that a gas cylinder 171 forms. The transition between the two holes 167 . 171 is beveled. This transition is with the run 101 through a gas extraction hole 173 connected, which extends transversely to this and in this at the end of the chamber 103 opens.

In the two holes mentioned above 167 . 171 sits a one-story tube, which is composed of two cylindrical tube sections with different diameters: a closing spring tube 169 and a gas piston 175 , The closing spring tube 169 sits slidably but essentially sealingly in the bore 167 , The gas piston 175 sits slidably, but essentially sealingly in the gas cylinder 171 , The paragraph between the two pipe sections 169 and 175 forms the active surface of the gas piston 175 , The gas piston 175 is one-story to the rear by a fastener carrier 113 extended.

The moving component from the pipe 169 , the gas piston 175 and the closure carrier 113 is penetrated by a hole that is open to the rear. The front of the hole is closed. In this bore, a closing spring receiving bore sits a closing spring, not shown here, which is supported behind the arrangement shown in the closure. At the front of the locking spring tube 169 (not shown here) attacks a loading lever, by means of which the entire component 169 . 175 . 113 can be pushed back against the force of the closing spring.

If the cartridge 179 in the chamber 103 is shot down, powder gases penetrate through the gas extraction hole 173 in the gas cylinder 171 and push over the gas piston 175 also this entire component 169 . 175 . 113 against the force of the closing spring to the rear.

The closure carrier is moved back either manually or automatically. He travels in a straight line of motion that runs parallel to the central axis of the barrel. Longitudinal grooves, not shown, in the housing guide the closure carrier, together with the guidance of the closing spring tube 169 in the hole 167 and the gas piston 175 in the gas cylinder 171 each in the force introduction part 104 ,

Behind the barrel 101 and thus under the closure carrier 113 there is a locking head 111 , This is together with the closure carrier 113 movable back and forth, but not alone. The movement distance is longer than the length of a cartridge 163 , Also the movement of the breech head 111 is guided through longitudinal grooves or webs, not shown, in the housing.

The locking head 111 is by a locking bolt 125 interspersed, which has the shape of a vertical letter "T", whose vertical bar has a vertical hole 121 in the breech head 111 interspersed. This vertical bar ends at the bottom in a locking extension 107 , A transverse, horizontal bar of the "T" ends on both sides in a locking finger 108 , In the middle, the horizontal bar has a coupling protrusion extending backwards 183 on.

How special 3 shows are in the force introduction part 104 three abutments for the locking bolt 125 formed, namely a lower locking recess forming a conical bore 105 , the center of which lies on a vertical which passes through the center axis of the barrel, and two locking notches symmetrical to this vertical 106 , The locking notches 106 sit in front of projections of the inner surface of the force introduction part 104 ,

If the locking bolt 125 is in the lower position shown, the locking position, then it engages with the locking extension 107 in the locking recess 105 one, and the locking fingers 108 reach into the locking notches 106 on. The locking head 111 is then firmly in the force introduction part 104 locked. This is the locking position of the locking bolt 125 When the locking bolt 125 is raised, the locking extension comes 107 free upward from the locking recess, and the locking fingers 108 come out of the locking notches 106 free upwards. Now the locking head is 111 unlocked and can move backwards. This is the unlocking position of the locking bolt 125 ,

A firing pin 119 interspersed horizontally and centrally on the barrel 101 related, the locking bolt 125 ,

For this, the firing pin penetrates 119 an elongated hole 131 in locking bolts 125 , so that it can move freely between the locking position and unlocking position.

The firing pin 119 points, as in 4 to see a paragraph or a thickening in the rear part 129 on. In the locking bolt 125 is the back of the slot 131 with a bevel that extends obliquely upwards and forwards from below and behind 133 Mistake. This bevel leaves the firing pin 119 in the locking bolt 125 Immerse from behind when they are in the locking position shown. If the locking bolt 125 moves up to its unlocked position, then the bevel pushes 133 the thickening 129 of the firing pin 119 and with that this backwards. The firing pin can therefore only reach its foremost position when the locking pin 125 is in its locked position, so that even in this position an ignition of a cartridge 163 can be done.

A spring used by other weapons to push the firing pin back 119 is required, is replaced here by the override, which is due to the bevel 133 is realized.

In the breech head 111 is also a cross shaft 189 behind the locking bolt 125 arranged on the rotatable a central rocker arm 187 sitting. One leg of this rocker arm 187 engages under the coupling projection 183 , the other leg is up to under the closure carrier 113 ,

In front of this upstanding leg of the rocker arm 187 is on the closure carrier 113 a locking protrusion protruding downwards 185 formed, the front of which is an upward and forward bevel 193 having.

This arrangement works as follows:
In the locked position of the locking bolt 125 (bottom layer) is the closure carrier 113 in the foremost position ( 2 ). The locking tab 185 sits over the locking bolt 125 and prevents it from moving out of its position. The position of the rocker arm 187 is like from 1 seen.

If now the closure carrier 113 is moved backwards by hand or by gas pressure, the locking projection also runs 185 backwards and releases the locking bolt 125 free. The locking projection runs at the same time 185 against the vertical leg of the rocker arm 187 and swings it in the sequence (clockwise in the drawing). The horizontal leg of the rocker arm lifts 187 the coupling lead 183 and thus also the locking bolt 125 on. Its upper part now falls into a coupling groove 191 one at the bottom of the fastener carrier 113 before the bevel 193 is trained. The locking projection runs at the same time 185 on the upper leg of the rocker arm 187 on and keeps it tilted so that the locking bolt 125 holds in the top position in which it is in the groove 191 intervenes. The locking bolt follows 125 and thus the closure head 111 forced movement of the fastener carrier 113 backwards. A housing design (not shown) engages under the locking bolt 125 from below and prevents it from falling down. The described connection between the parts is thus maintained.

If the fastener carrier 113 runs forward again, then the locking head strikes 111 first against the back of the barrel 101 on. At this point you will find them under the sections 108 . 107 of the locking bolt 125 the recesses 106 . 105 of the power line part 104 (please refer 3 ). The locking bolt can now fall down.

This downward movement is forced by the bevel 193 of the locking tab 185 , which when locking the locking bolt 125 presses down. At the same time there is the back of this locking projection 185 the rocker arm 187 free so that he can get back in 1 shown position can pivot. Now it runs with the fastener carrier 113 single-piston gas pistons 175 towards the front end of the gas cylinder 171 on. The locking head 111 is now locked. The locking bolt is located here 125 in its lower position where the bevel 133 the firing pin 119 releases.

The gun is now ready to fire when there is a cartridge 163 in the chamber 103 located.

As shown, the length of the cartridge case is 165 less than a third of the total return of the closure 111 . 113 , This means that the cartridge case 165 already fully out of the cartridge chamber 103 is pulled out before the closure 111 . 113 is braked noticeably by the closing spring. The acceleration phase of the closure 111 . 113 is already finished, however, since the run 101 must be practically depressurized when the cartridge case 165 is fully pulled out.

Around the cartridge case 165 to support is therefore the push floor 181 of the breech head 111 top and bottom with an edge web 195 Mistake. It is more difficult to hold the cartridge case from the side 165 to ensure.

Here is on 4 referenced a horizontal section through the center of the breech head 111 shows. The locking head 111 has two slit-shaped recesses on both sides and symmetrically to each other 110 on the back through a spring hole 197 expires.

In one of the recesses 110 (the lower one) is an extractor claw 161 used, on which a spring (not shown) in the associated spring bore 197 acts via a pestle. The extractor claw 161 can be swiveled around a vertical axis. In the other recess 110 a support body sits 199 , which is also held by a vertical axis. This support body 199 overall resembles the extractor claw 161 , but is a little larger, so that it is in the recess 110 can't move. In addition, the support body encompasses 199 , different from the extractor claw 161 , not the bottom of a cartridge in the chamber 104 located cartridge 163 , When changing the ejection direction, it is only necessary to pull out the extractor claw 161 with spring against the support body 199 replace and reposition the ejector (not shown).

Claims (13)

Large-caliber rifle with a central force introduction part ( 104 ) which is the rear end of a barrel ( 191 ) and the locking abutments ( 105 . 106 ) a closure ( 111 . 113 ), characterized in that the barrel ( 101 ) still in the force introduction part ( 104 ) a gas outlet ( 173 ) and that a gas cylinder ( 171 ) firmly with the force introduction part ( 104 ) which is connected to the gas extraction opening ( 173 ) connected is. The rifle of claim 1, wherein the barrel ( 101 ) with a cartridge chamber ( 103 ) is provided, characterized in that the gas removal opening ( 173 ) is near the top of the chamber and in a hole ( 173 ) in the force introduction part ( 104 ) that opens into the front end of the gas cylinder ( 171 ) flows into. Rifle according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas cylinder ( 171 ) in the force introduction part ( 104 ) is trained. Rifle according to claim 2, characterized in that the bore ( 173 ) extends transversely to the direction of the shot Rifle according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the gas cylinder ( 171 ) above the cartridge chamber ( 104 ) sits. Rifle according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a breech head ( 111 ) and a closure carrier ( 113 ), characterized in that the closure carrier ( 113 ) the gas piston ( 175 ) forms. Rifle according to claim 6, characterized in that a tube ( 169 ) with the closure carrier ( 113 ) is firmly or in one piece connected to the gas cylinder ( 171 ) partially interspersed and interspersed as a receiving tube for a closing spring. Rifle according to claim 7, characterized in that a loading handle with the tube ( 169 ) is connected or connectable, Rifle according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a locking bolt ( 125 ) the locking head ( 111 ) interspersed across and from the fastener carrier ( 113 ) in its rest position is pressed into a locking position in which it is in training ( 105 . 106 ) of the force introduction part ( 104 ) engages and thereby the closure head ( 111 ) locked. Rifle according to claim 9, characterized in that a rocker arm ( 187 ) in the locking head ( 111 ) is arranged, on the one hand, in the path of movement of the closure carrier ( 113 ) and on the other hand in the path of movement of the locking bolt ( 125 ) engages and when the closure carrier moves ( 113 ) the locking bolt from its rest position ( 125 ) from the training courses ( 105 . 106 ) of the force introduction part ( 104 ) takes off. Rifle according to claim 10, characterized in that the extended locking bolt ( 125 ) in the fastener carrier ( 113 ) engages so that the locking bolt ( 125 ) and thus the closure head ( 111 ) is taken away. Rifle according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the locking bolt ( 125 ) an elongated hole ( 131 ) from the firing pin ( 119 ) is penetrated, and that the firing pin ( 119 ) behind the locking bolt ( 125 ) a paragraph ( 129 ) and that the elongated hole ( 131 ) a bevel to the rear ( 133 ) has at the paragraph ( 129 ) of the firing pin ( 119 ) attacks and pushes it back when the locking bolt ( 125 ) from the engagement with the training ( 105 . 106 ) of the force introduction part ( 104 ) is pulled. Rifle according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that in the breech head ( 111 ) across the locking bolt ( 125 ) two cutouts ( 110 ) are formed, in each of which a hole (from behind) 197 ) are designed for a pressure pin and a spring pushing it forward that in one of the recesses ( 110 ) an extractor swiveling against the force of the pressure pin ( 161 ) is inserted, and that in the opposite recess ( 110 ) a support element ( 199 ) is used immovably, the extractor ( 161 ) opposite, the bottom of a cartridge ( 179 ) or cartridge case ( 165 ) supported laterally.