DE102015121418B3 - Method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers in a heating and / or cooling plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers (4) in a heating and / or cooling system (1) for the purpose of avoiding undersupply or oversupply of the consumers (4) with a hydraulic balancing superimposed room temperature control at the consumers (4) or for the consumers (4), wherein in the respective rooms room temperature readings are taken, wherein a computing unit (9) is provided and at least one circulation pump (5) is installed in the piping system (3) and a plurality of control valves (8) in the piping system (3) to regulate the liquid flow through each individual consumer (4) are installed, wherein the flow cross section is changed by means of an electrical or electronic transmitting and receiving unit (19), by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19) data on the current flow cross-section the arithmetic unit (9) sent, processed in this and Sol default values are sent, which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit (19), by means of which the flow cross-section is set, the setpoint values are such that all consumers (4) receive their demand-based volume flow and the heating or cooling system (1) is automatically hydraulically balanced.

Description

The invention relates to a method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers in a heating and / or cooling system for the purpose of avoiding under- or oversupply of the consumer with a hydraulic balancing superimposed room temperature control at the consumers or for the consumers, the heating and / Cooling system of a heat transfer medium, preferably water, is flowed through and is provided in the at least one heat and / or cold generator, wherein in the heating and / or cooling system via a piping system several consumers for heating and / or cooling of rooms, in where the consumers are arranged, are connected, wherein in the respective rooms room temperature readings are taken, further comprising at least one electrical or electronic processing unit is provided and at least one circulation pump is installed in the piping system and a plurality of control valves in the Rohrl be installed system for controlling the liquid flow through each individual consumer, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a method is from the DE 10 2012 002 941 A1 known. Also from the DE 10 2011 018 698 A1 essential features of the preamble of claim 1 are known.

Such a method may in heating and / or cooling systems with at least one heat and / or cold generator, multiple consumers, pipelines for connecting the heat and / or refrigeration with the consumers and at least one circulation pump as well as in the to be heated or cooled Rooms arranged room temperature sensors and be applied to the flow or return line to or from the consumer control valves.

To ensure a demand-based supply of all consumers in a heating or cooling system and to minimize energy consumption, hydraulic balancing is required. This can be done in different ways.

Static hydraulic balancing is known with the use of pre-settable valves, which allow flow limitation due to their adjustable Kv value. With such valves, the full load case, d. H. the case of the maximum simultaneous heating or cooling demand of all consumers regulated in order to avoid a shortage. In part-load cases, there is an oversupply of individual consumers. It is also known in larger buildings to use additional balancing valves in the supply lines in order to distribute the increased volume flows according to the size of the building as needed and to avoid too high differential pressures across the valves and thus flow noise.

With regard to the determination of the preset values of the valves for static hydraulic balancing, it is known to carry out a calculation of the heating load and of the pipe network in order to calculate the required volume flow at each consumer from the required heat quantity for a room and from the given temperature spread between supply and return to be able to. From the calculated volumetric flow, the summed flow resistances of further flow through system parts and the available differential pressure of the pump, the adjustment of the flow cross-section of the valves for the static hydraulic balancing can be determined.

It is also known in not exactly known pipe network to perform an adjustment by means of measuring devices to adjust the flow rates at the valves.

The disadvantage in both cases is the increased complexity of the calculations and the manual adjustment to be performed.

Furthermore, the dynamic hydraulic balancing is known, in which the fluid-carrying system is hydraulically balanced not only for the full load case but also for the partial load case. For this purpose, either differential pressure regulators in the supply or return lines of the heating and / or cooling system or flow regulators are used directly at the consumers. For hydraulic balancing with such valves as well as a Heizlast- and a simplified pipe network calculation is required to correctly adjust the flow rates at the consumers.

Going on is off EP 1 936 288 B1 known to detect an existing hydraulic balance on the basis of the heating or cooling behavior of the rooms. In addition, is out DE 10 2014 102 275 A1 Known setting values for control valves due to the heating or cooling behavior of the rooms to determine and thus perform a hydraulic balancing.

A disadvantage of the two latter solutions is the sluggish behavior compared to mechanical flow controllers that respond directly to changing pressure conditions and not only a change of secondary values such. B. have to wait for the change in room temperature. Another disadvantage of these solutions arises in the use of battery-powered actuators that perform re-actuations with each significant differential pressure change across the control valves, thereby reducing battery life.

Regardless of the known methods of hydraulic balancing the individual room temperature control is known, which controls the room temperature by means of a mechanical or electronic thermostat room temperature by means of acting on a control valve the room temperature to a predetermined setpoint. Individual room temperature controls are known in which time profiles can be stored in order to define time-dependent heating and lowering phases.

Based on the prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a method which allows an automatic hydraulic balancing a heating and / or cooling system, which also with changing heat or cooling demand and thus changing flow and differential pressure on the consumer and control valves in the usual occurring load cases independently, largely delay-free, independent of differential pressure and permanently adapts. In addition, a room temperature control to predetermined setpoints is to be made possible, wherein both the hydraulic balancing and the room temperature control can be done by changing the cross section of the flow regulation of the control valve in a simple manner. In addition, an adjustment of consumers should be predictable.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes, based on a flow and return temperature detection of the piping system leading to the respective consumers of the piping system by means of the arithmetic unit, which processes the recorded via the transmitting and receiving unit temperature data, a heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms predict and perform the automatic hydraulic balancing of each consumer based on this forecast.

By the method, an automatic hydraulic balancing is achieved, which can be performed without delay in all load cases, is integrated in a single room temperature control and reduces the control cycles of the actuators, as this only by changing the room temperatures, but not by changing pressure conditions in the heating and / or cooling system to be triggered. In addition, a reduction in energy consumption results from an independently determined, demand-based flow temperature and by optimizing the pump speed of the circulation pump. In addition, expensive piping calculations are unnecessary since the setting values of the flow regulators are automatically determined on the basis of the actually required volume flow requirement.

The transmitting and receiving units are usually components of the actuator, by means of which the flow cross section is changed. The transmitting unit sends wired or wireless continuously running the current position of the actuator to the computing unit, which in turn determines and transmits new setpoint specifications regarding the setting to the receiving unit of the actuator. The receiving unit forwards this data to the actuator without any further change.

In addition, the detection of the room temperature measured values can be carried out by room temperature sensors, which are arranged in the respective rooms and communicate with the processing elements, in particular the arithmetic unit or the transmitting and receiving unit.

The control valve preferably consists of a flow control valve with a housing, which has at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the heat transfer medium, and a connecting pipe arranged therebetween, into which a pressure regulating device is installed. is, which keeps the pressure difference between the pressure areas in front of and behind a arranged in the connecting piece flow regulating unit constant. Furthermore, a spindle acting on the flow regulating unit in a cross-sectionally variable manner is provided with an actuator, consisting of a lifting or rotating unit acting on the spindle and the transmitting and receiving unit. About the transmitting device information about the lifting or rotational position of the spindle can be sent to the arithmetic unit and received via the receiving unit setpoint specifications from the arithmetic unit to the lifting or rotational position of the spindle. The setpoint specifications of the individual control valves are made depending on the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms and / or other characteristics, in the way that all consumers receive their demand flow, the heating or cooling system is automatically adjusted hydraulically and the setpoint specifications superimposed room temperature control in Dependence of the temperature difference between the actual room temperature and the room temperature setpoint of the individual rooms by changing the cross section of the flow regulating unit of the control valves is made.

The data sent by all transmitter units of the control valves data are received and processed by the arithmetic unit. If there are differences in the comparison of the heating and cooling behavior of the individual rooms with each other, that is, for example, individual Rooms warm faster than others, new setpoint specifications can be generated from this. Valves in rooms with faster heating behavior thus receive a stronger limitation of the cross section than in rooms with slow heating behavior, the cross section is then less limited.

The maximum available cross-section of the flow regulating unit is initially limited by the hydraulic balancing. If necessary, the room temperature control reduces this cross-section to control the room temperature. If the setpoint of the room temperature is exceeded, the flow regulation unit is shut off. This shut-off or reduction of the cross-section for room temperature control has effects on the system hydraulics, so that in this case new maximum cross sections of the flow control units are specified by the arithmetic unit.

The transmitting unit transmits the corresponding data via a data cable or wirelessly, for example by radio in digital form to the arithmetic unit.

The associated time measurement takes place in the arithmetic unit. For example, the arithmetic unit is implemented as an embedded system with microprocessor and memory, wherein due to the frequency of a quartz oscillator time intervals can be measured and processed.

According to the invention, it is additionally provided that a heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms is predicted on the basis of a flow and return temperature detection at the pipelines of the pipeline system leading to the respective consumers by means of the arithmetic unit which processes the temperature data acquired via the transmitting and receiving unit the automatic hydraulic balancing of individual consumers is carried out on the basis of this forecast.

For this purpose, it is provided that a room temperature sensor is arranged in each flow and return of each consumer or a group of consumers, which detects the temperatures and transmitted to the arithmetic unit, in which these temperatures in turn with a stored in a memory of the arithmetic unit consumption pattern or data pattern are compared and then the control unit corresponding control commands to the actuators for spindle adjustment (flow control) transmitted.

A preferred method step is seen in the fact that the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms is detected by means of the room temperature measured values recorded in the rooms and simultaneously performed time measurement by the arithmetic unit and compared with a stored for each room temperature-time profile and that the liquid flow through the individual consumer is changed by cross-sectional changes of the flow control unit of the control valves until the detected actual room temperature of the individual rooms with the stored in the time profile room setpoint coincides and the fastest possible and simultaneous achievement of the predetermined room temperature setpoints of the individual rooms is achieved.

In addition, it is preferably provided that at least one control valve reaches the maximum cross-sectional opening of the flow regulating unit.

The flow temperature can be maximally lowered (during heating) or maximally increased (during cooling) as long as all rooms still reach their setpoint values of room temperatures and until the cross section of the flow control unit of the control valve reaches the maximum cross-sectional opening, so that the hydraulic resistance is minimal.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the maximum and / or minimum flow cross section is predetermined by the arithmetic unit for at least one control valve.

The described adjustment of the flow temperature brings energy savings, since at lower flow temperatures, the efficiencies of heat generators such as heat pumps are higher and because at lower flow temperatures, the heat losses in pipelines, storage and the like are lower. However, the flow temperature can not be adjusted to any degree. Rather, the flow temperature may only be adjusted as long as the time-dependent setpoint temperatures of the individual rooms are also achieved. The specification of the minimum lifting or rotational position and thus of the maximum or minimum flow cross-section may be advantageous, in particular for sluggish consumers, such as underfloor heating systems, in order to counteract excessive room temperature fluctuations.

Preferably, it is also provided that the arithmetic unit exchanges data with the heat and / or cold generator and that this increases or decreases the heat or cooling generation until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached.

In the simplest case, the heat or cold generator is given only a new flow temperature by the arithmetic unit. But it is also possible that the heat or cold generator additionally transmits its current flow temperature to the computing unit.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the arithmetic unit exchanges data with the circulation pump and that this increases or decreases its delivery rate until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached.

The circulation pump receives in the simplest case, a specification regarding the pump speed. But it is also conceivable that the circulation pump transmits its current speed to the arithmetic unit.

Furthermore, it can be provided that room temperature sensors are arranged in the individual rooms.

The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment even further.

It shows:

1 a heating or cooling system with its essential components in view in a schematic representation;

2 a control valve together with actuator in a schematic representation, partially seen in section;

3 an enlarged detail of the 3 also seen in section.

In 1 are the essential components of a heating and / or cooling system 1 shown, namely a heat and / or cold generator 2 , appropriate piping 3 as well as consumers integrated into the pipelines 4 that have pipelines 6 . 7 to the piping system 3 are connected. In the flow of the pipeline 3 is a circulation pump 5 intended. At the entrance or exit of each consumer 4 , which may be a radiator, for example, is a control valve 8th provided over which the volume flow through the pipeline 6 guided heat transfer medium, such as water, is regulated. at 9 schematically a computing unit is shown, the corresponding data preferably receives wireless, processes and forwards.

at 20 Room temperature sensors are installed, which are installed in the individual rooms of the model system and detect the room temperature.

In the 2 and 3 are details of the control valve 8th shown. The control valve 8th includes a flow control valve 10 with a housing 11 , an inlet 12 for the heat transfer medium and an outlet 13 for the heat transfer medium. Between inlet 12 and outlet 13 is a connecting piece 14 formed, in which a pressure control device 15 is installed, which the pressure difference between the pressure areas in front of the connecting piece 14 and behind one in the connecting piece 14 arranged flow regulating unit 21 keeps constant. Furthermore, the flow control valve 10 one on the flow regulating unit 21 cross-section variable acting spindle 16 and an actuator 17 for this, put one on the spindle 16 acting lifting or rotating unit 18 exists and with a transmitting and receiving unit 19 is coupled. About the transmitter device information about the actual lifting or rotational position of the spindle 16 to the arithmetic unit 9 transmitted and sent, while via the receiving unit setpoint specifications from the computing unit 9 to lifting or turning position of the spindle 16 be received and an adjustment of the flow cross-section by movement of the spindle 16 through the actuator 17 he follows.

A description will now be given of the complete operation of the method including signal transmission and detection.

Step 1: Signal acquisition

The room temperature sensors 20 measure the current room temperature in the respective rooms. The actuator 17 detects the current stroke or rotational position and thus the position of the spindle 16 ,

Step 2: Data transfer to the processing unit 9

The room temperature sensors 20 and the transmitting units of the transmitting and receiving units 19 the actuators 17 transmit the acquired values to the processor 9 either wired or wireless, with the room temperature sensors 20 wired or wireless also to the receiving unit of the transmitting and receiving unit 19 of the actuator 17 which in turn transmits the room temperature measured values to the arithmetic unit.

Step 3: Determination of the heating behavior

The arithmetic unit 9 determines characteristic characteristic values, for example the temperature increase per unit of time, for the heating or cooling behavior for all rooms and compares these with each other as well as the individual room temperature actual values with the associated room temperature setpoints. It can also be advantageous to take into account older, stored values with regard to the heating and cooling behavior of the rooms.

Step 4: Calculation of new setpoints for the lift / turn position of the actuator 17

The arithmetic unit 9 calculates the new setpoint values on the basis of the characteristic values (see step 3) and on the basis of the temperature difference between actual room temperature and room temperature setpoint, with the goal that the setpoint temperatures in all rooms are achieved at the same time or within a time profile and / or room priority.

The room temperature setpoint is either central in the arithmetic unit 9 stored for each individual room or is from external setpoint generators of the respective rooms to the arithmetic unit 9 where appropriate, the setpoint generator together with the corresponding room temperature sensors 20 can be installed in a mounting unit.

Step 5: Data transmission to the receiving unit of the transmitting and receiving unit 19

The arithmetic unit 9 transmits the new setpoints to the receiving units of the transmitting and receiving unit 19 the actuators 17 , These are actuated and adjusted accordingly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Heating and / or cooling system

2

Heat and / or cold generator

3

piping

4

consumer

5

circulating pump

6

pipeline

7

pipeline

8th

control valve

9

computer unit

10

Flow control valve [removed: ( 8th )]

11

casing

12

inlet

13

outlet

14

spigot

15

Pressure control device

16

spindle

17

actuator

18

Lifting or rotating unit

19

Transmitting and receiving unit

20

Room temperature sensors

21

Durchflussreguliereinheit

Claims (7)

Method for automatic hydraulic balancing of consumers ( 4 ) in a heating and / or cooling plant ( 1 ) for the purpose of avoiding under- or oversupply of consumers ( 4 ) with a room temperature control over the hydraulic balancing at the consumers ( 4 ) or for consumers ( 4 ), whereby the heating and / or cooling system ( 1 ) by a heat transfer medium, preferably water, is flowed through and in which at least one heat and / or cold generator is provided, wherein in the heating and / or cooling system via a piping system several consumers for heating and / or cooling of rooms in which Consumers are arranged are connected, wherein in the respective rooms measured room temperature values are recorded, further comprising at least one electrical or electronic processing unit ( 9 ) and at least one circulating pump ( 5 ) into the pipeline system ( 3 ) and several control valves ( 8th ) into the pipeline system ( 3 ) for controlling the liquid flow through each individual consumer ( 4 ), whereby the control valve ( 8th ) is flowed through by the heat transfer medium and the pressure difference between pressure areas in front of and behind a flow regulating unit ( 21 ) of the control valve ( 8th ) is kept constant, also the flow cross section by means of an electrical or electronic transmitting and receiving unit ( 19 ) and the associated actuator is changed, wherein by means of the transmitting device of the transmitting and receiving unit ( 19 ) Information or data about the current flow cross-section to the computing unit ( 9 ), in which they are processed and converted into nominal value values which are sent to the receiving device of the transmitting and receiving unit ( 19 ), by means of which the flow cross-section is set, wherein the setpoint specification values of the individual control valves ( 8th ) as a function of at least the heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms and / or further characteristic values in such a way that all consumers ( 4 ) receive their demand-based volume flow, the heating or cooling system ( 1 ) is automatically hydraulically balanced, in addition a the setpoint specifications superimposed room temperature control as a function of the temperature difference between the actual room temperature and the room temperature setpoint of the individual rooms by changing the flow cross-section of the flow regulating unit ( 21 ) of the control valves ( 8th ), characterized in that on the basis of a flow and return temperature detection to the respective consumers ( 4 ) leading pipelines ( 6 . 7 ) of the pipeline system ( 3 ) by means of the arithmetic unit ( 9 ), which are transmitted via the transmitting and receiving unit ( 19 processed temperature data, a heating or cooling behavior of the individual rooms predicted and the automatic hydraulic balancing of individual consumers ( 4 ) is performed on the basis of this prognosis. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating or Cooling behavior of the individual rooms by means of the room temperature measured values recorded in the rooms and a simultaneously carried out time measurement by the arithmetic unit ( 9 ) is compared and compared with a temperature-time profile stored for each room and that the liquid flow through the individual consumers ( 4 ) by changing the flow cross-section of the flow regulating unit ( 21 ) of the control valves ( 8th ) is changed until the detected actual room temperature of the individual rooms coincides with the room temperature setpoint stored in the time profile and the fastest possible simultaneous attainment of the predetermined room temperature setpoints of the individual rooms is achieved. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one control valve ( 8th ) the maximum opening of the flow cross section of the flow regulating unit ( 15 ) reached. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for at least one control valve ( 8th ) the maximum and / or minimum flow cross-section of the arithmetic unit ( 9 ) is given. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the arithmetic unit ( 9 ) Data with the heat and / or cold generator ( 2 ) and that this increases or decreases the heat or cold generation until the stored temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the arithmetic unit ( 9 ) Data with the circulating pump ( 5 ) and that this raises or lowers their output until the deposited temperature-time profiles of the rooms are reached. System according to claim 1, characterized in that in the individual rooms room temperature sensors ( 20 ) are arranged.

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