CN211182538U - Antenna unit, array antenna and radar system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an antenna element, array antenna and radar system. The antenna unit comprises a unit feeder and a plurality of radiating units which are positioned in the same layer; each radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, is in electromagnetic coupling connection with the unit feeder line, and is used for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals; the distance between each radiating element and the element feeder is larger than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna elements, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiating elements on the same side of the element feeder is a half wavelength which is an even multiple; the half wavelength is half wavelength of the radio frequency signal transmitted in the unit feeder line under the working frequency. The unit feeder line and the plurality of radiating elements are arranged in the same layer, the plurality of radiating elements are arranged on two sides of the unit feeder line, and feeding is carried out in a space electromagnetic coupling mode, so that large impedance bandwidth and large gain bandwidth can be achieved in a simple structure.

Description

Antenna unit, array antenna and radar system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an antenna technology field especially relates to an antenna unit, array antenna and radar system.

Background

In the fields of wireless communication, sensing and the like, the performance of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals by an antenna is more and more concerned in the industry, and especially, the bandwidth of the antenna is greatly limited by adopting a physically connected feeding mode, so that the traditional antenna structure cannot meet the requirements of the current fields for larger antenna bandwidth and high radiation efficiency.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an antenna unit, an array antenna and a radar system.

An antenna unit comprises a unit feeder and a plurality of radiating units which are positioned in the same layer; each radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, is in electromagnetic coupling connection with the unit feeder line, and is used for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency signals;

wherein a spacing between each of the radiating elements and the element feed line is greater than or equal to a critical dimension of a process for manufacturing the antenna elements, an

On the same side of the element feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiating elements is half wavelength of even multiple; the half wavelength is half wavelength of the radio frequency signal transmitted in the unit feeder line under the working frequency.

In the antenna unit, the plurality of radiation units are arranged on two sides of the unit feeder line positioned in the same layer, and the radiation units are connected with the unit feeder line in an electromagnetic coupling manner to transmit or receive radio frequency signals, namely, the unit feeder line is not connected with the radiation units in a metal manner, so that the radiation units are electromagnetically coupled with the unit feeder line in space; in addition, the distance between each radiation unit and the unit feeder is set to be larger than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna unit, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation units on the same side of the unit feeder is set to be an integral multiple of half wavelength; that is to say, this application sets up unit feeder and a plurality of radiating element in the same layer, and a plurality of radiating element set up the both sides at unit feeder to adopt the space electromagnetic coupling mode to carry out the feed, can realize great impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in simple structure, and can also ensure the radiation pattern of antenna when effectively expanding the impedance bandwidth and the gain bandwidth of antenna, make the biggest radiation direction in the frequency band of concern in the scope of setting for, thereby can effectively avoid it to take place serious distortion, promote antenna radiation efficiency.

For example, the plurality of radiating elements may be arranged on two sides of the element feeder in a staggered distribution or a symmetrical distribution, and each radiating element may include a coupling feeder line and a radiating sheet that are physically connected to each other, for example, the coupling feeder line and the element feeder line extend in parallel, and the radiating sheet may extend perpendicular to the extending direction of the coupling feeder line, so as to form a structure such as a "T" shape, a "L" shape, and the like;

wherein each of the coupling feed lines is parallel to the element feed line, and a distance between the coupling feed line and the element feed line is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, an

And on two sides of the unit feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation plates along the extension direction of the unit feeder line is odd times of the half wavelength.

In one embodiment, the length of the radiation plate is an integer multiple of the half wavelength in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the cell feed line.

In one embodiment, the polarization direction of the radiation patch is perpendicular to the extension direction of the element feed line.

In one embodiment, the plurality of radiating elements are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the element feeder line, and each radiating element is a radiating sheet, that is, each radiating sheet can be used as a radiating element;

wherein a distance between each of the radiating patches and the cell feed line is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, an

And on two sides of the unit feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiating plates along the extension direction of the unit feeder line is the half wavelength which is even times.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit further has at least two unit regions, and the unit regions are sequentially arranged in an extending direction of the unit feeder line;

in any one unit area, at least one radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, and the radiating units in the same unit area have the same size; and

the radiating elements located in different cell areas are different in size from one another, so that different cell areas transmit or receive radio frequency signals of different frequencies.

In one embodiment, the unit feeder line is a line segment or a curved segment, and when the unit feeder line is a curved segment, there is no intersection or overlapping area between two end points of the curved segment.

In one embodiment, the curve segment may include a "C" curve segment, an "S" curve segment, or other non-linear line segment.

In one embodiment, the radio frequency signal may be a centimeter wave signal, a millimeter wave signal, or other high frequency signal.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises a dielectric substrate and a reference ground layer covering one side surface of the dielectric substrate;

the element feed line and each radiating element are arranged on the surface of one side, away from the reference stratum, of the dielectric substrate.

In one embodiment, the unit feeder has a terminal end and a connection end connected with the radio frequency signal transceiver unit; the antenna unit further comprises a metal via hole;

wherein the end of the cell feed line is shorted to the reference ground layer by the metal via.

An array antenna comprising at least one antenna;

wherein each antenna comprises at least one antenna element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims; and

when any one of the antennas comprises at least two antenna elements as described in any one of the preceding claims, the antenna elements are connected in parallel.

In one embodiment, the array antenna further comprises an electromagnetic bandgap structure disposed between any two adjacent antennas; the electromagnetic band gap structure is a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure.

In one embodiment, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can have a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the bandgap isolation region, and comprises:

a peripheral metal sheet disposed in the peripheral metal region;

the interdigital structure comprises a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit; the first interdigital unit is nested in the second interdigital unit; the interdigital structure is connected with the peripheral metal sheet through the first interdigital unit; and

the inductance structure is connected with the second interdigital unit;

wherein the interdigital structure is used for providing a capacitor of the electromagnetic band gap structure, and the inductance structure is used for providing an inductance connected with the capacitor in series; and

the capacitance interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure can be used for isolating electromagnetic signals with preset frequency according to the capacitance and the inductance.

In one embodiment, the shape of the bandgap isolation region is square, circular or elliptical.

In one embodiment, the first inter-digital unit comprises a strip-shaped protrusion, and the second inter-digital unit comprises a U-shaped recess;

one end of the strip-shaped protrusion is connected with the peripheral metal sheet, and the other end of the strip-shaped protrusion is inserted into the U-shaped recess.

In one embodiment, the second interdigital unit further comprises two parallel strip-shaped structures;

one end of the strip-shaped bulge is connected with the peripheral metal sheet, and the other end of the strip-shaped bulge is inserted into an area between the two parallel strip-shaped structures;

wherein the second inter-finger unit structures between adjacent inter-finger structures are different.

In one embodiment, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can have an oval bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the oval bandgap isolation region, and can include:

a peripheral metal sheet disposed in the peripheral metal region;

the four interdigital structures comprise two first interdigital structures and two second interdigital structures; the two first interdigital structures are symmetrically distributed on the long axis of the oval band-gap isolation region, and the two second interdigital structures are symmetrically distributed on the short axis of the oval band-gap isolation region; and

the adjacent interdigital structures are electrically connected through the arc-shaped inductance units;

the interdigital structure and the arc-shaped inductance unit are alternately and electrically connected and are used for isolating radio frequency signals with preset frequency, which are emitted by at least two radio frequency components symmetrically distributed on two sides of the electromagnetic band gap structure; and the radio frequency signal with the preset frequency is a millimeter wave signal.

The array antenna is provided with at least one antenna, each antenna comprises at least one antenna unit as described above, and when any one antenna comprises at least two antenna units as described above, the antenna units are connected in parallel. The antenna unit is provided with the unit feeder line and the plurality of radiation units in the same layer, the plurality of radiation units are arranged on two sides of the unit feeder line, and the space electromagnetic coupling mode is adopted for feeding, so that larger impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth can be realized in a simple structure, compared with the impedance bandwidth which can be achieved by the traditional series feeding mode and is about 2GHz, the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna can be about 5.5GHz after the radiation units and the unit feeder line are electromagnetically coupled in the space.

An array antenna comprising at least two antennas; each antenna comprises at least one antenna unit; the antenna unit comprises a unit feeder and a plurality of radiating units which are positioned in the same layer; each radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, is in electromagnetic coupling connection with the unit feeder line, and is used for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals;

the plurality of radiating elements are distributed on two sides of the element feeder line in a staggered manner, and each radiating element comprises a coupling feeder line and a radiating sheet which are physically connected with each other;

each coupling feed line is parallel to the element feed line, and the distance between the coupling feed line and the element feed line is larger than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element;

on two sides of the unit feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation plates along the extension direction of the unit feeder line is an integral multiple of half wavelength; the half wavelength is a half wavelength of the radio frequency signal in the antenna unit at an operating frequency; and

an electromagnetic bandgap structure (e.g., a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure in the embodiment of the present application) is disposed between any two adjacent antennas.

In the array antenna, at least two antennas are arranged, each antenna comprises at least one antenna unit as described above, the antenna units place the unit feeder and the plurality of radiation units on the same layer, the plurality of radiation units are distributed on two sides of the unit feeder in a staggered manner, and the spatial electromagnetic coupling mode is adopted for feeding, so that a larger impedance bandwidth and a larger gain bandwidth can be realized in a simple structure; meanwhile, each radiating element comprises a coupling feeder line and a radiating sheet which are physically connected with each other; reasonably setting the distance between the coupling feeder line and the unit feeder line in the radiation unit and the distance between the adjacent radiation pieces based on the current process; and finally, an electromagnetic band gap structure is arranged between any two adjacent antennas, so that the two adjacent antennas can be isolated, and the electromagnetic interference between the two adjacent antennas is avoided.

In one embodiment, the electromagnetic bandgap structure comprises a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region arranged around the bandgap isolation region, and the electromagnetic bandgap structure comprises a grounding metal sheet, an interdigital structure and an inductance structure; the grounding metal sheet is arranged in the peripheral metal area, the interdigital structure comprises a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit, the interdigital structure is connected with the grounding metal sheet through the first interdigital unit, and the inductance structure is connected with the second interdigital unit;

wherein the interdigital structure is used for providing a capacitor of the electromagnetic band gap structure, and the inductance structure is used for providing an inductance connected with the capacitor in series; and

the electromagnetic band gap structure isolates an electromagnetic signal with preset frequency through the capacitor and the inductor.

In one embodiment, the shape of the bandgap isolation region comprises any one of a square, a circle or an ellipse.

A radar system, comprising:

a processor, and

an array antenna as claimed in any preceding claim;

the processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the array antenna so as to output communication data, driving assistance data, security check imaging data and/or human body vital sign parameter data.

According to the radar system, the array antenna is adopted, at least one antenna is arranged, each antenna comprises at least one antenna unit, the antenna units are formed by placing the unit feeder line and the plurality of radiation units on the same layer, the plurality of radiation units are arranged on two sides of the unit feeder line and feed in a space electromagnetic coupling mode, large impedance bandwidth and large gain bandwidth can be achieved in a simple structure, particularly when the radar system and the communication equipment are applied, the loss of transmitted and received radio frequency signals can be lower, and communication data, auxiliary driving data, security inspection imaging data and/or human body vital sign parameter data and the like which are output after being correspondingly transmitted to the processor for processing are more accurate.

In one embodiment, the processor and the array antenna are integrated in the same chip structure to form AiP radar chip, for example, the processor is integrated in a die of the radar chip, and the array antenna may be integrated in a package structure of the radar chip. In other alternative embodiments, the processor and the array antenna may be two separate components, for example, the processor is integrated in a radar chip, and the array antenna may be disposed on a carrier such as a PCB board, and the radar chip is connected to the array antenna to form a radar system.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna unit in another embodiment;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a second embodiment;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a third embodiment;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a fourth embodiment;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a fifth embodiment;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a sixth embodiment;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a seventh embodiment;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in the eighth embodiment;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to the ninth embodiment;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a tenth embodiment;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to an embodiment;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna in another embodiment;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna in a further embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an input reflection coefficient of an antenna element according to an embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the gain of an antenna element with frequency according to an embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating the radiation efficiency of an antenna element according to an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a capacitive electromagnetic isolation structure in an alternative embodiment.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below by taking an antenna in the radar field as an example, but it should be noted that the related technical content described in the embodiment can also be applied to fields such as wireless communication (e.g., 5G and 6G mobile communication), internet of things, human body security imaging, automobile auxiliary/automatic driving, anti-collision detection, and the like.

In radar systems, a transmitting and receiving array antenna, which is the most important part for detecting objects, is always the focus of research. The traditional transceiving array antenna realizes feeding in a serial feeding mode or a parallel feeding mode and the like, wherein the serial feeding mode refers to that antenna units are in a serial relation, and excitation phases realized by adjusting the distance between the antenna units (namely the length of a transmission line between the antenna units) are the same, so that once frequency offset occurs, the phase shift of each unit is different, the beam directions are different, and the bandwidth of the antenna is narrower; the parallel feeding can realize the same path from the feeding point to each antenna unit, the phase of each unit can be ensured not to change along with the frequency, and the beam direction is kept unchanged, so the bandwidth is wider.

However, when the frequency is increased to the millimeter wave stage, the wavelength of the corresponding electromagnetic wave reaches the millimeter level, which is limited by the antenna processing technology and materials, the insertion loss of the transmission line is not negligible, and the transceiver array antenna with parallel feed faces the problems of large transmission loss, low radiation efficiency, and the like.

At present, radar systems proposed by radar manufacturers and scientific research institutions at home and abroad mostly adopt a series-fed antenna form of a microstrip patch array, and the antenna type of the form realizes the same excitation phase by adjusting the distance between each antenna unit. However, with the change of frequency, the phase shift between each antenna unit is different, the beam direction is different, and the radiation pattern is distorted, so that the bandwidth of the antenna will be relatively narrow, but for a high-resolution radar system, the antenna is often required to have a relatively large bandwidth, so that designing an antenna capable of meeting the requirement of the high-resolution radar system for a large bandwidth is an urgent problem to be solved.

In view of the above problems, the inventor of the present application has developed a new antenna structure after analysis and research, please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a first embodiment of the present application. The antenna element comprises an element feed 310 and several radiating elements 320 located in the same layer (e.g. the same metal layer); as shown in fig. 1, each of the radiating elements 320 is distributed on two sides of the element feeder 310 and is connected to the element feeder 310 in an electromagnetic coupling manner, for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency signals; that is to say, the antenna unit of the present application may receive a radio frequency signal through the radiation unit 320, may also transmit a radio frequency signal through the radiation unit 320, and may also receive and transmit a radio frequency signal through the radiation unit 320; alternatively, the radio frequency signal of the present application may be a high frequency signal such as a millimeter wave signal or a centimeter wave signal, and for example, when the radio frequency signal of the present application is a millimeter wave signal, the millimeter wave signal may be a signal having a frequency between 30GHz and 300 GHz. The feeding between the element feeder 310 and the radiation element 320 of the present application is performed in a space electromagnetic coupling manner; as shown in fig. 16, which is a schematic diagram of an input reflection coefficient in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the present application realizes extension of an antenna impedance bandwidth by using a space electromagnetic coupling feeding manner between a unit feeder 310 and a radiation unit 320, and an impedance bandwidth that can be realized by the present application is about 5.5GHz (a corresponding impedance bandwidth covers 74GHz-80.5 GHz); the impedance bandwidth refers to a bandwidth of the antenna with the S11 curve meeting a certain condition along with the frequency change, and the condition of the bandwidth is usually defined as | S11| < -10. In addition, since there is no metal connection between the element feed line 310 and the radiating element 320 of the present application, it is not sensitive to the parameters of the size and position of the antenna, and accordingly may have a large tolerance to the precision of the processing.

The specific number of the radiating elements 320 of the present application can be adjusted according to the required gain or pattern, and the present application is not further limited herein.

With continuing reference to fig. 1, although the processing precision of the present application may allow greater tolerance by the aforementioned arrangement, in order to expand the impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth of the antenna, the distance between each of the radiating elements 320 and the element feed line 310 in the antenna element of the present application may be greater than or equal to the critical dimension (i.e., CD in fig. 1) of the process for manufacturing the antenna element, the coupling strength between the radiating elements 320 and the element feed line 310 may be controlled by controlling the distance between the radiating elements 320 and the element feed line 310, and at the same time, since the direction of the current on the element feed line 310 is turned every half wavelength (i.e., 180 ° phase difference is generated), in order to ensure the superposition of the radiation of each radiating element 320 in the space, the phase of each radiating element 320 is required to be the same, and therefore, in this embodiment, the distance S1 between the centers of adjacent radiating elements 320 is set to be an even half wavelength, for example, 2N × λ 2N × is set to be equal to a half wavelength in the same side of the element feed line 310 in this embodiment_g2; wherein N is a positive integer, λ_gA2 is a half wavelength, lambda_gMay be a wavelength at which a center frequency of the radio frequency signal is transmitted in the cell feed line; the phases of the radiation units 320 may be made the same, and the radiations in the space may be superimposed on each other. Since the current of the cell feeding line 310 in the embodiment is along the direction of the cell feeding line 310, and the current direction after the radiation element 320 is coupled with the cell feeding line 310 is also along the direction of the cell feeding line 310, the polarization direction of the antenna element of the present application is along the extending direction of the cell feeding line 310. Referring to fig. 17, 18 and 19, a schematic diagram of gain of the antenna unit with frequency and a schematic diagram of radiation efficiency of the antenna unit are shown, respectively. As can be seen in fig. 17, the gain bandwidth of the antenna unit of 3dB in this particular embodiment is 73GHz-82 GHz. As can be seen in fig. 18, a good radiation efficiency can still be ensured with the simple structure of the present application. As can be seen in fig. 19, the antenna element in this embodiment will be described byThe distance between the centers of the adjacent radiating elements on the same side of the element feed line is set to be an even number of half wavelengths, which ensures that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna element is perpendicular to the surface of the antenna board, and the shape of the beam in the main lobe direction is relatively flat and symmetrical, while the beam width of 3db is 60 ° in the horizontal direction (perpendicular to the 310 extending direction) and about 20 ° in the pitch direction (310 extending direction).

Optionally, with reference to fig. 1, it can be seen that, in this embodiment, a plurality of radiation units 320 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the unit feeder 310, and each radiation unit 320 is a square radiation sheet; wherein, the distance between each of the radiating patches 320 and the cell feed line 310 may be greater than or equal to the manufacturing critical dimension CD (which may be understood as the distance between the bottom edge of a square radiating patch and the cell feed line 310); the side length S2 of the square radiation plate 320 may be a half wavelength, and at the same time, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation plates 320 along the extension direction of the element feed line 310 is an even multiple of the half wavelength on the same side of the element feed line 310.

Optionally, in order to make the antenna unit of the present application more flexible in use, the unit feed line 310 in this embodiment may be a line segment or a curved segment, and when the unit feed line 310 is a curved segment, there is no crossing or overlapping area between two end points of the curved segment; more alternatively, referring to fig. 7, the curve segment may include non-linear segments such as a "C" curve segment and an "S" curve segment; similarly, a plurality of radiating elements 320 may be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the curved line segment, which may also expand the impedance bandwidth and the gain bandwidth of the antenna element.

In one embodiment, please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, the antenna unit of the present application may further include a dielectric substrate 10 and a reference ground layer 20 covering a surface of one side of the dielectric substrate 10, in addition to the aforementioned unit feed line 310 disposed in the same layer and a plurality of radiating elements 320 disposed on two sides of the unit feed line 310; wherein the element feed line 310 and each of the radiating elements 320 are disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate 10 on a side facing away from the reference ground layer 20. The back surface of the dielectric substrate 10 is provided with the reference ground layer 20 as a reflecting surface, so that the antenna can radiate towards the opposite direction of the reference ground layer, the antenna benefit can be increased, and meanwhile, the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10 is provided with the element feeder 310 and the plurality of radiating elements 320 positioned on the two sides of the element feeder 310, and the gain bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna element can be increased.

Optionally, please refer to fig. 3, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in another embodiment provided in the present application. The antenna unit in this embodiment is different from the foregoing antenna unit embodiments in that the antenna unit in this embodiment is further provided with a metal via hole H; specifically, for convenience of illustration and distinction, one end of the unit feeder 310 connected to the radio frequency signal transceiver unit (not shown) is denoted as a connection end (not shown), and the other end is denoted as a terminal end of the unit feeder 310; the metal via H in this embodiment is mainly used to short the end of the cell feed line 310 to the reference ground layer 20, so that the short circuit occurs at the end of the cell feed line 310, and the extending length of the cell feed line 310 can be reduced.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in a second embodiment provided in the present application. The antenna unit in this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the square radiation units 320 are distributed on two sides of the unit feeder 310 in a staggered manner, and the gain can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the square radiation units, generally speaking, the larger the number of the square radiation units 320 is, the larger the gain of the antenna unit is, the narrower the corresponding beam width is, and the better the directivity obtained by applying the antenna unit is. It is understood that the size of the square radiating element in this embodiment is the same as that of the square radiating element in the foregoing embodiment, and the distance between the radiating elements 320 on the same side of the element feed line 310 may be determined by referring to the foregoing embodiment, which is not further described herein.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in a third embodiment provided in the present application. In this embodiment, the antenna unit further includes at least two unit regions a1 and a2 …, and each of the unit regions further includes at least two unit regions a1 and a2 … sequentially arranged in an extending direction of the unit feeder 310; in any one of the cell areas (for example, the cell area a1), at least one of the radiation elements is distributed on both sides of the cell feed line 310, and the radiation elements 320 located in the same cell area may be distributed symmetrically (in this embodiment, the symmetric distribution is adopted), or may be distributed in a staggered manner (see fig. 6); meanwhile, the radiation elements located in the same cell region (e.g., cell region a1) have the same size, and the radiation elements located in different cell regions have different sizes, so that different cell regions transmit or receive radio frequency signals with different frequencies. Specifically, taking the cell area a1 and the cell area a2 as an example, a total of four radiation units 3202 with the same size and symmetrically distributed in the cell area a1 and a total of four radiation units 3204 with the same size and symmetrically distributed in the cell area a 2; wherein, the size of the radiation element 3202 located in the cell area a1 may be larger than the size of the radiation element 3204 located in the cell area a2, the radiation element 3202 located in the cell area a1 and the cell feed line 310 are spatially electromagnetically coupled to operate in the first frequency band, and the radiation element 3204 located in the cell area a2 and the cell feed line 310 are spatially electromagnetically coupled to operate in the second frequency band; wherein the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band. That is, with a similar idea, the present application can realize multiple bands by adjusting the size and position of the radiation element in a partial element region in the antenna element.

Based on the same concept, a plurality of similar cell areas may be further disposed with reference to the cell area a1 and the cell area a2, and parameters such as the number, the size, the distance between the radiation elements in each cell area, and the like may be selected and adjusted according to different frequency bands generated as required, which is not further described herein.

In one embodiment, the plurality of radiating elements 320 in the antenna unit of the present application may be arranged in a predetermined arrangementThe plurality of radiation elements 320 may be distributed on two sides of the cell feed line 310 in a staggered manner or symmetrically, each radiation element 320 includes a coupling feed line 322 and a radiation plate 324 physically connected with each other, the radiation plate 324 is different from the square radiation plate, the radiation plate 324 in the present embodiment may be a rectangular radiation plate, the coupling feed line 322 in the present embodiment extends parallel to the cell feed line 310, the radiation plate 324 may extend perpendicular to the extension direction of the coupling feed line 322 to form a structure such as a "T" shape, an "L" shape, the coupling feed line 322 in the present embodiment is parallel to the cell feed line 310 for coupling with the cell feed line 310, the distance between the coupling feed line 322 and the cell feed line 310 may be greater than or equal to the critical dimension CD of the antenna element, the distance between the coupling feed line 322 and the cell feed line 310 may be set to be equal to the critical dimension CD of the antenna element, and the distance between the adjacent radiation elements 3 may be set to be equal to the length S of the cell feed line 310, and the distance between the coupling feed line 322 in the odd number S310 may be set to be equal to the critical dimension CD of the cell feed line 310_g2, while the spacing between the radiating patches 324 on the same side may be an even multiple of half wavelength λ_g/2。

Alternatively, with continuing reference to fig. 8, the coupling feed line 322 and the radiation patch 324 in this embodiment may be disposed perpendicular to each other (i.e., the radiation patch 324 is disposed perpendicular to the extending direction of the coupling feed line 322); specifically, the radiation patch 324 may be disposed at any position in the extending direction of the coupling feed line 322, and optionally, the radiation patch 324 of the present application may be disposed adjacent to the position of both ends of the coupling feed line 322, or disposed directly at both ends of the coupling feed line 322. The radiation sheet 324 of the present embodiment is disposed at an end of the coupling feed line 322 (refer to fig. 8); and, the radiation sheet 324 is disposed at a side of the coupling feed line 322 far from the unit feed line 310; since the current of the element feeding line 310 is along the direction of the element feeding line 310, and the direction of the current after the coupling feeding line 322 in the radiation element 320 located at both sides of the element feeding line 310 is coupled with the element feeding line 310 is also parallel to the direction of the current in the element feeding line 310, the present application sets the radiation patch 324 to be the vertical coupling feeding line 322, so that the radio frequency signal coupled by the coupling feeding line 322 is radiated in the direction perpendicular to the element feeding line 310, and the polarization direction of the radiation patch 324 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the element feeding line 310.

Specifically, with continuing reference to fig. 8, S5 indicates the distance between the radiating patches 324 in the direction perpendicular to the coupling feed lines 322, and S5 may be set to an integral multiple of a half wavelength, where the definition of the half wavelength may refer to the foregoing description, and will not be described herein, S4 indicates the distance between one vertical edge of the radiating patches 324 and the vertical edge of the coupling feed lines 322 on the same side, S4 may be a half wavelength, and in addition, the length of the edge of the radiating patches 324 parallel to the coupling feed lines 322 may be adjusted according to specific product performance requirements, and is not further limited herein.

More alternatively, several radiating elements 320 having the above-mentioned coupling feed line 322 and radiating patch 324 may be arranged in an array on both sides of the element feed line 310, so that the beam of the antenna element is narrower and the gain is stronger than that of a single radiating element.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 9, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a seventh embodiment of the present application. In addition to the features of the sixth embodiment, such as structure, size, etc.; the plurality of radiation elements 320 in this embodiment are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the element feed line 310, and adjacent radiation elements 320 located on the same side of the element feed line 310 may be mirror-symmetric to each other, where the coupling feed line 322 and the radiation patch 324 between the radiation elements 320 located on the same side are adjacent to each other in a crossing manner; two radiation units 320 located on different sides of the unit feeder 310 are overlapped with each other by rotating 180 degrees; it is to be understood that the dimensions of the radiation plate 324 and the coupling feed line 322 in this embodiment can be set with reference to the sixth embodiment, and it should be noted that the length S6 of the radiation plate 324 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the cell feed line 310 in this embodiment is an odd number of half wavelengths; the spacing S7 between the radiating patches 324 on the same side (in the case where the coupling feed lines 322 are adjacent) is an even multiple of half a wavelength; in addition, for the coupling and radiation principle of the radiation unit 320, reference may also be made to the description of the sixth embodiment, which is not further described herein. By arranging the graphs on the same side of the unit feeder 310, the antenna unit of the present application can be more flexibly arranged and has wider applicability in practical application.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 10, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in an eighth embodiment provided in the present application. In the seventh embodiment, when the distance between the radiation elements 320 located on the same side of the element feed line 310 is zero, the structure of the present embodiment may be formed, and in practical use, the structure in the drawings of the present embodiment may be regarded as one unit and then arranged at equal intervals along the extending direction of the element feed line 310, and it can be understood that, in the present embodiment, a gap may be formed between adjacent coupling feed lines 322 or the adjacent coupling feed lines may be integrally formed; in addition, in the radiation element 320, the distance S8 between two adjacent radiation plates 324 may be an even number of half wavelengths, and the distance S9 between the radiation elements 320 located on different sides in the extending direction of the element feed line 310 may be an odd number of half wavelengths. The specific embodiment has the advantages of simple process, low cost, obvious gain improvement and the like.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 11, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to a ninth embodiment provided in the present application. The plurality of radiating elements 320 in this embodiment are staggered on both sides of the element feed line 310, moreover, the structure and the size of each radiation unit can be the same, taking one radiation unit as an example, the radiation unit 320 may include a rectangular frame and radiation fins 324 perpendicular to the rectangular frame, in the rectangular frame, the side parallel to the cell feed line 310 may be referred to as a long side, the side perpendicular to the cell feed line 310 may be referred to as a short side, the length S12 of the long side may be one wavelength, the length S10 of the short side may be a half wavelength, the distance S11 between the radiation plates 324 (centers) located at the same side of the cell feed line 310 may be an even number times the half wavelength, the distance S13 between the radiation plates 324 located at different sides may be an odd number times the half wavelength, meanwhile, for the same radiating element, the distance between adjacent short sides in the direction parallel to the extending direction of the element feed line 310 may be one wavelength; in the rectangular frame of the present embodiment, the side (long side) parallel to the cell feed line 310 plays a coupling role, and the side (short side) perpendicular to the cell feed line 310 plays a radiation role; the size of the radiating patch 324 in this embodiment may be the same as the size of the short side, and the radiating patch 324 may be disposed in the middle of the long side of the rectangular frame on the side away from the unit feeder 310; by providing a rectangular frame in the radiation unit 320, the number of radiation fins for radiation and the number of coupling feed lines for coupling can be increased; meanwhile, two sides of the rectangular frame parallel to the unit feeder 310 can be coupled with each other, so that the radiation performance of the antenna can be improved, the directional performance of the antenna is better, and the beam is better.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 12, which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in a tenth embodiment provided in the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the aforementioned embodiment nine, and similar to the aforementioned embodiment nine, the sides of the rectangular frame parallel to the element feed lines 310 perform a coupling function, and the sides perpendicular to the element feed lines 310 perform a radiation function, and the size of the rectangular frame is the same as that of the rectangular frame in the aforementioned embodiment, that is, the length S14 of the radiation patch 324 in the direction perpendicular to the element feed lines 310 may be half a wavelength, and the distance S15 between the radiation elements on different sides may be half a wavelength; the radiation portion of the present embodiment specifically includes a plurality of rectangular frames (not shown) and a radiation sheet 324, where the rectangular frames are regularly arranged along the extending direction of the unit feed line 310 and the direction departing from the unit feed line 310, and are mainly stacked in a staggered manner along the direction departing from the unit feed line 310 to form a shape similar to a pyramid; the number of the rectangular frames along the direction departing from the unit feeder 310 is sequentially reduced in a step-by-step manner; further, the distance S16 between the outermost side of each layer of radiation part and the outermost side of the radiation part of the previous layer in parallel to the element feed line 310 may be a half wavelength. In addition, in the present embodiment, there is a case where two adjacent or contacting rectangular frames share one side, for example, a side sharing radiation between adjacent rectangular frames arranged along the extending direction of the cell feed line 310, and a side sharing coupling between adjacent rectangular frames arranged along the extending direction perpendicular to the cell feed line 310. The number of radiation sheets playing a radiation role and the number of coupling feeders playing a coupling role can be increased by arranging a plurality of rectangular frames in the radiation unit; meanwhile, two sides of the rectangular frame parallel to the unit feeder 310 can be coupled with each other, so that the radiation performance of the antenna can be improved, and the directional performance of the antenna is better.

Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides an array antenna.

The array antenna may comprise at least one antenna (not shown), wherein each antenna comprises at least one antenna element as described in any of the previous embodiments; and when any one of the antennas comprises at least two antenna units as described in any one of the previous embodiments, the antenna units are connected in parallel; it should be understood that the parallel connection here means that the element feed lines of the antenna elements are connected in parallel through the power divider.

Specifically, with reference to fig. 13, the array antenna includes an antenna 30a, an antenna 30b, and an antenna 30 c; the antenna 30a includes four antenna units, and the four antenna units are connected in parallel; the antenna 30b includes two antenna units connected in parallel; the antenna 30c includes three antenna units connected in parallel; it is understood that the spacing between the antenna elements in the antenna 30a, the antenna 30b and the antenna 30c may be equal or unequal, and the spacing between the antenna 30a, the antenna 30b and the antenna 30c may be equal or unequal; the distances, sizes, etc. of the parameters of the element feeder, the radiating element, the radiating patch, the coupling feeder, etc. in each antenna element may refer to the description related to the foregoing antenna element embodiments, and are not described herein again.

In summary, in the array antenna of the present application, at least one antenna is provided, and each antenna includes at least one antenna unit as described above, and when any one antenna includes at least two antenna units as described above, each antenna unit is connected in parallel. The antenna unit can arrange the unit feeder line and the radiation units in the same layer, the radiation units are arranged on two sides of the unit feeder line, and the space electromagnetic coupling mode is adopted for feeding, so that larger impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth can be realized in a simple structure, compared with the impedance bandwidth which can be achieved by the traditional series feeding mode and is about 2GHz, the antenna unit and the unit feeder line can enable the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna to be about 5.5GHz after being electromagnetically coupled in space.

Because the distance between the antennas in the array antenna is close, the mutual electromagnetic interference between the adjacent antennas is avoided; fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to another embodiment of the present application. In addition to the structure of the array antenna embodiment, the array antenna in this embodiment further has an electromagnetic band gap structure between any two adjacent antennas, so that the isolation between the antennas in the array antenna can be realized, and the coupling effect between different single-row antennas can be reduced; alternatively, the electromagnetic bandgap structure in this embodiment may be a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure.

Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides an array antenna.

Referring additionally to fig. 15, the array antenna may include at least two antennas (32a, 32b, 32 c); each antenna comprises at least one antenna element (not shown); the antenna unit comprises a unit feeder (not shown) and a plurality of radiating units (not shown) which are positioned in the same layer; each radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, is in electromagnetic coupling connection with the unit feeder line, and is used for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals; the plurality of radiating elements are distributed on two sides of the element feeder line in a staggered manner, and each radiating element comprises a coupling feeder line (not shown) and a radiating sheet (not shown) which are physically connected with each other; each coupling feed line is parallel to the element feed line, and the distance between the coupling feed line and the element feed line is larger than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element; on two sides of the unit feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation plates along the extension direction of the unit feeder line is an integral multiple of half wavelength; the half wavelength is a half wavelength of the radio frequency signal in the antenna unit at an operating frequency; and an electromagnetic bandgap structure 42 disposed between any two adjacent antennas.

In summary, in the present application, at least two antennas are provided, each antenna includes at least one antenna element as described above, and the antenna elements place a unit feeder and a plurality of radiation elements on the same layer, and the plurality of radiation elements are distributed on two sides of the unit feeder and fed in a spatial electromagnetic coupling manner, so that a large impedance bandwidth and a large gain bandwidth can be realized in a simple structure; meanwhile, each radiating element comprises a coupling feeder line and a radiating sheet which are physically connected with each other; reasonably setting the distance between the coupling feeder line and the unit feeder line in the radiation unit and the distance between the adjacent radiation pieces based on the current process; and finally, an electromagnetic band gap structure is arranged between any two adjacent antennas, so that the two adjacent antennas can be isolated, and the electromagnetic interference between the two adjacent antennas is avoided.

Optionally, the electromagnetic bandgap structures mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be capacitive electromagnetic bandgap structures, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structures may have a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the bandgap isolation region, and the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structures may include a peripheral metal sheet, an interdigital structure, a capacitor structure, and the like, that is, the interdigital structure may be used to form a capacitor in the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure, so as to isolate an electromagnetic signal with a preset frequency.

For example, the peripheral metal sheet may be disposed in the peripheral metal region, the interdigital structure may include a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit, the first interdigital unit may be embedded in the second interdigital unit to form a capacitor structure, the interdigital structure may be connected to the peripheral metal sheet through the first interdigital unit, and an inductor structure (e.g., a non-linear line-shaped structure) may be connected to the second interdigital unit to form a series inductor-capacitor structure, where the interdigital structure may provide a capacitor of a capacitive electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the inductor structure may provide an inductor in series with the capacitor; and the capacitance interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure can isolate electromagnetic signals with preset frequency according to the capacitance and the inductance.

In an optional embodiment, in order to facilitate flexible arrangement of each device and increase the distribution density of the devices, the appearance of the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may be set to be square, circular, or elliptical or the like based on actual requirements, so that the overall layout of the antenna is more compact.

In another alternative embodiment, the first interdigital unit in the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can comprise a strip-shaped protrusion, the second interdigital unit can comprise a U-shaped recess, one end of the strip-shaped protrusion is connected with the peripheral metal sheet, and the other end of the strip-shaped protrusion serving as a free end can be inserted into the blank area of the U-shaped recess to form the capacitive structure. For example, the second inter-digital unit may be a U-shaped recess formed by two parallel bar structures, and the bar protrusion is located between the two parallel bar structures.

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a capacitive electromagnetic isolation structure in an alternative embodiment. In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 20, the capacitive interdigitated electromagnetic bandgap structure may have an oval bandgap isolation region (i.e., the oval region shown in the figure) and a peripheral metal region disposed around the oval bandgap isolation region, and the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may comprise a peripheral metal sheet 50 disposed in the peripheral metal region, four interdigital structures AA and four arc-shaped inductance units 53, the four interdigitated structures AA include two first interdigitated structures (i.e. the structures enclosed in the dashed box shown in the figure) and two second interdigitated structures (i.e. the structures formed by three straight line segments in the figure), the two first interdigital structures are symmetrically distributed on the long axis of the oval band-gap isolation region, the two second interdigital structures can be symmetrically distributed on the short axis of the oval band-gap isolation region, and adjacent interdigital structures AA can be electrically connected through an arc-shaped inductance unit 53. The interdigital structure AA is electrically connected to the arc-shaped inductance unit 53 in an alternating manner, and is configured to isolate radio frequency signals (for example, millimeter wave signals) with preset frequencies, which are transmitted by at least two radio frequency components symmetrically distributed on two sides of the electromagnetic bandgap structure.

Alternatively, the first interdigitated structure may include a first bar-shaped protrusion (i.e., a lateral direction as shown in the drawings) and a U-shaped recess 54, and one end of the first bar-shaped protrusion is connected to the peripheral metal sheet 50 and the other end is inserted into the U-shaped recess 54; the second interdigital structure comprises a second strip-shaped bulge 52 and two parallel strip-shaped structures 51; one end of the second strip-shaped protrusion is connected with the peripheral metal sheet 50, and the other end is inserted into the area between the two strip-shaped structures 51; two ends of the U-shaped recess 54 are connected to one bar-shaped structure 51 of the second interdigital structure through an arc-shaped inductance unit 53, respectively, so as to form a series inductance-capacitance structure.

Optionally, the length of the strip-shaped protrusion is increased or the distance between the interdigital structures AA is reduced, so that the capacitance of the electromagnetic band gap structure can be effectively increased; the inductance of the band gap structure can be effectively increased by increasing the length of the arc-shaped inductance unit 53; under the condition of certain capacitance and inductance, a filter circuit for specific frequency can be formed. On the other hand, the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic band gap structure can be reduced by increasing the size of the ellipse (namely, keeping the length of the strip-shaped bulge in the interdigital structure unchanged), so that a radio frequency coupling signal with lower frequency is filtered; conversely, reducing the size of the ellipse (i.e., keeping the length of the strip-shaped protrusion in the interdigital structure unchanged) can improve the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic band gap structure, thereby filtering out a higher-frequency radio frequency coupling signal.

It should be noted that the adjustment of the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic bandgap structure provided in the embodiment of the present application can be achieved by adjusting the lengths of the U-shaped recess and the first strip-shaped protrusion and the second strip-shaped protrusion, and further, the principle of achieving the effect of filtering out the electromagnetic wave with the specified frequency can be referred to the conventional related principle, and is not described in detail herein.

According to the technical schemes, on one hand, the lengths of the first interdigital unit and the second interdigital unit are controllable, so that the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic band gap structure can be flexibly adjusted, the effect of filtering radio frequency coupling signals with specified frequency is achieved, and the interference between channels is reduced; on the other hand, the interdigital structure provides a capacitor, so compared with the traditional electromagnetic bandgap structure, the interdigital structure of the embodiment does not need a floor on the back surface to provide the capacitor, does not need to periodically arrange a plurality of units to provide a coupling capacitor, has no special requirement on a metal reference plane below the interdigital structure, can realize the performance of single unit operation, and is suitable for a system with compact space.

Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a radar system, which may include a processor (not shown) and the array antenna according to any of the foregoing embodiments; the processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the array antenna so as to output communication data, driving assistance data, security check imaging data and/or human body vital sign parameter data. Since the radio frequency signals transmitted and received by the array antenna are millimeter wave signals, the radio frequency signals in this embodiment are millimeter wave signals correspondingly; accordingly, the processor in this particular embodiment may be selected to be a radar chip or a radar die; in particular, when the processor is the radar die, the array antenna may be integrated over the radar die, so that the overall size of the system may be reduced; alternatively, when the processor is the radar die, the array antenna may be integrated in or on the package structure of the radar chip, also reducing the overall size of the system.

In summary, by using the array antenna described above, at least one antenna is provided, and each antenna includes at least one antenna element, and the antenna element is configured by disposing the element feeder and the plurality of radiation elements in the same layer, and disposing the plurality of radiation elements on two sides of the element feeder, and employing a spatial electromagnetic coupling manner for feeding, so that a larger impedance bandwidth and a larger gain bandwidth can be realized in a simple structure, and especially when the antenna is applied to, for example, a radar system and a communication device, the communication data, the driving assistance data, the security imaging data and/or the human body vital sign parameter data, which are transmitted to the processor for processing and then output, can be more accurate.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1. An antenna unit is characterized in that the antenna unit comprises a unit feeder line and a plurality of radiating units which are positioned in the same layer; each radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, is in electromagnetic coupling connection with the unit feeder line, and is used for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency signals;

wherein a spacing between each of the radiating elements and the element feed line is greater than or equal to a critical dimension of a process for manufacturing the antenna elements, an

On the same side of the element feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiating elements is half wavelength of even multiple; the half wavelength is half wavelength of the radio frequency signal transmitted in the unit feeder line under the working frequency.

2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiating elements are distributed in a staggered manner or symmetrically on two sides of the element feed line, and each radiating element comprises a coupling feed line and a radiating patch which are physically connected with each other;

wherein each of the coupling feed lines is parallel to the element feed line, and a distance between the coupling feed line and the element feed line is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, an

And on two sides of the unit feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation plates along the extension direction of the unit feeder line is odd times of the half wavelength.

3. The antenna element of claim 2, wherein a length of said radiating patch in a direction perpendicular to an extension of said element feed is an integer multiple of said half wavelength.

4. An antenna element according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the polarization direction of the radiating patch is perpendicular to the direction of extension of the element feed line.

5. The antenna element of any one of claims 1-3, wherein said radio frequency signal is a millimeter wave signal.

6. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiating elements are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feed line, and each radiating element is a radiating patch;

wherein a distance between each of the radiating patches and the cell feed line is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, an

And on the same side of the element feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiating plates along the extension direction of the element feeder line is even times of the half wavelength.

7. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein said antenna element has at least two element regions, each of said element regions being arranged in sequence in a direction of extension of said element feed line;

in any one unit area, at least one radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, and the radiating units in the same unit area have the same size; and

the radiating elements located in different cell regions differ in size from one another.

8. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein said element feed is a line segment or a curved line segment.

9. The antenna element of claim 8, wherein said curved segments comprise C-shaped curved segments and S-shaped curved segments.

10. The antenna unit of any one of claims 1-3, 6-9, wherein the antenna unit further comprises a dielectric substrate and a reference ground layer covering a side surface of the dielectric substrate;

the element feed line and each radiating element are arranged on the surface of one side, away from the reference stratum, of the dielectric substrate.

11. The antenna element of claim 10, wherein said element feed has a terminal end and a connection end connected to a radio frequency signal transceiver element; the antenna unit further comprises a metal via hole;

wherein the end of the cell feed line is shorted to the reference ground layer by the metal via.

12. An array antenna, comprising at least one antenna;

wherein each antenna comprises at least one antenna element according to any of claims 1-11; and

when any of the antennas comprises at least two antenna elements according to any of claims 1-11, the antenna elements are connected in parallel.

13. The array antenna of claim 12, further comprising an electromagnetic bandgap structure disposed between any two adjacent antennas;

the electromagnetic band gap structure is a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure.

14. The array antenna of claim 13, wherein the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure has a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the bandgap isolation region, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure comprising:

a peripheral metal sheet disposed in the peripheral metal region;

the interdigital structure comprises a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit; the first interdigital unit is nested in the second interdigital unit; the interdigital structure is connected with the peripheral metal sheet through the first interdigital unit; and

the inductance structure is connected with the second interdigital unit;

the interdigital structure is used for providing a capacitor of the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure, and the inductance structure is used for providing an inductance connected with the capacitor in series; and

the capacitance interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure can be used for isolating electromagnetic signals with preset frequency according to the capacitance and the inductance.

15. An array antenna, comprising at least two antennas; each antenna comprises at least one antenna unit; the antenna unit comprises a unit feeder and a plurality of radiating units which are positioned in the same layer; each radiating unit is distributed on two sides of the unit feeder line, is in electromagnetic coupling connection with the unit feeder line, and is used for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency signals;

the plurality of radiating elements are distributed on two sides of the element feeder line in a staggered manner, and each radiating element comprises a coupling feeder line and a radiating sheet which are physically connected with each other;

each coupling feed line is parallel to the element feed line, and the distance between the coupling feed line and the element feed line is larger than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element;

on two sides of the unit feeder line, the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation plates along the extension direction of the unit feeder line is an integral multiple of half wavelength; the half wavelength is a half wavelength of the radio frequency signal in the antenna unit at an operating frequency.

16. A radar system, comprising:

a processor, and

an array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 15;

the processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the array antenna so as to output communication data, driving assistance data, security check imaging data and/or human body vital sign parameter data.

17. The radar system of claim 16,

the processor and the array antenna are integrated in the same chip structure to form AiP radar chips.

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