CN1791850A - Method and system for manipulating a digital representation of a three-dimensional object - Google Patents
Method and system for manipulating a digital representation of a three-dimensional object Download PDFInfo
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- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
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- G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
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Abstract
A method of manipulating a three-dimensional virtual building block model by means of two-dimensional cursor movements, the virtual building block model including a plurality of virtual building blocks each including a number of connection elements for connecting the virtual building block with another virtual building block according to a set of connection rules, the method comprising positioning by means of cursor movements in a computer display area representing a two-dimensional projection of said model, a two-dimensional projection of a first virtual building block to be connected to the structure, resulting in a two-dimensional position; determining, from the two-dimensional position, a number of three-dimensional candidate positions of the first virtual building block in the three-dimensional coordinate system; selecting one of said candidate positions based on the connection rules and a predetermined set of position rating rules; and connecting the first building block to said structure at the selected candidate position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to handle the numeral of three dimensional object.The invention particularly relates to by computer implemented, dependence two dimensional cursor and move the manipulation that three-dimensional building blocks model is carried out, virtual building blocks model comprises a plurality of virtual building blocks, the virtual building block of each piece comprises many Connection Elements, and these Connection Elements are used for according to one group of concatenate rule virtual toy building set and other virtual toy building set being coupled together.
Background technology
The task of the Computer Aided Modeling of virtual reality is to create physical object model, manipulation model, handles the model of physical object in this external computer system.
From first viewpoint, the modeling of virtual reality is interesting theme because it make may work as notion in real world before the real realization just with concept imageization.If virtual reality model is easy to revise, comparing with in real world, realizing same process, can be in exploitation and the process saving plenty of time of improving physical object.In real world, may just spend several hrs easily, and computing machine can just be coated new color to model in several milliseconds or several seconds to paint such simple task of object.
From second viewpoint, virtual reality modelling is interesting, may create the object model that exists in the real world because it makes, and comes imagery and handle model by computing machine.Therefore, can stored object models to be used for different purposes, for example be used for the purpose of senior documentation.
Although exist and be used for may using of area of computer aided virtual reality modelling in a large number, a special applications is that virtual reality modelling is used for amusement or education.
The dissimilar idea about modeling of physics construction playset is known equally.Particularly, it is popular using the thought of combined type or semi-built-up notion.Typically, these thoughts provide one group of prefabricated elements, and these elements can be interconnected each other with certain predetermined way according to the module of prefabricated elements.An example of this construction playset is the plastic toy construction element of LEGO by name.
When handling the expression of three-dimensional (3D) object or scene on computers, common problem is, the location of object in 3D, selection or to move be to carry out by means of the input equipment that is operated in the two dimension, for example the two dimension (2D) of computer mouse on mouse pad moves.In addition, the viewing area of computing machine also is two-dimentional.Especially, the position that each on the 2D viewing area of computer screen is selected is corresponding to a plurality of positions in the 3d space, and 3d space has the projection to the 2D viewing area corresponding to selected 2D position.Problem is to determine to meet one of them position of user view.
Although carried out considerably making great efforts to develop the computer interface equipment that is more suitable for handling the object in the 3D computer picture, this instrument is not widely used, and is particularly not relevant with the computer system that is used for home entertaining, education etc.
The construction of the known virtual building block in location recreation is moving and rotary freedom or be restricted aspect they and other object ways of connecting at object typically.
United States Patent (USP) 6,426,745 have described a kind of method of handling the 3D Drawing Object with mouse, mobile among the 3D wherein by realizing moving to be limited on a plane or a direction sometime, thereby 3D moved with a series of limited moving realizes, for example the directions X in the 3D coordinate system, subsequently y direction, last a series of moving on the Z direction.
The problem of above-mentioned prior art system is, comes building block is placed in the 3D scene and they are processes that bothers with being connected of 3D structure, high-caliber skill of this process need and training with traditional user interface.Especially in the environment of children and teenage teen-age amusement and education, this is a problem, because children also do not develop enough muscular movement skills or carry out the required patience of tediously long manipulation process usually.Therefore, they may lose the interest to the virtual construct recreation soon.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above and other problems will be by being solved by computer implemented method, this method relies on the cursor of two dimension to move and handles three-dimensional building blocks model, virtual building blocks model comprises a plurality of virtual building blocks, every virtual building block comprises many Connection Elements, Connection Element is used for according to one group of concatenate rule the virtual building block of virtual building block and other being connected, and this method comprises:
-provide many described virtual building block in the three-dimensional system of coordinate for the numeral of structure;
-locate the two-dimensional projection of the first virtual building block by means of the motion of cursor in the two-dimension computer viewing area of projection of the described structure of expression, so that it is connected on the structure, thereby produce the two-dimensional position coordinate;
-determine the many three-dimensional position candidate of the first virtual building block in three-dimensional system of coordinate according to the two-dimensional position coordinate; And
-select in the described position candidate one based on concatenate rule and one group of preposition classification (position rating) rule; And
-on selected position candidate, first building block is connected to described structure.
Therefore, provide the effective ways of the numeral that is used to handle three dimensional object, this method with for the user intuitively mode be corresponding 3D position with the position transition in the 2D viewing area (resolve), therefore make the user be easy to handle the 3D virtual architecture.The user is the new building block in location in the 2D screen area simply, thereby only fixes the coordinate of new building block on both direction.Subsequently according to many concatenate rules and one group of position classification rule, determine automatically a plurality ofly to meet one suitable in the possible 3D position that 2D places.
Especially, by select in many position candidate according to one group of preposition classification rule, handle the result who causes building block is positioned on the position that may meet user view in the 3D scene.
Further advantage is that the position that does not meet the concatenate rule that is used for Connection Element is rejected.For example, have various Connection Element in the construct system, for example the protrusion of difformity and/or size and dissimilar, be used for the hole that combines with corresponding a kind of protrusion.
Suppose that new building block is placed on the candidate 3D position that meets the 2D placement, by selecting candidate's Connection Element near Connection Element on the new building block, and by check whether be connected with candidate's Connection Element effective may, thereby correctly change the 2D placement of new building block on the computer screen in the 3D model 3D position.In addition, avoided the 2D that may cause invalid connection according to one group of concatenate rule to change to 3D, for example protrusion and dissimilar holes is connected.
Therefore, advantage is that virtual building block is consistent with the physical restriction of corresponding construction group in kind, thereby has improved the educational value of virtual construct recreation.Especially, virtual construct can be transformed into physical model by the building block construction physical model with same type subsequently.
Further advantage is, this method provides big and moved and be connected degree of freedom.For example, building block is positioned on can be in any direction and is connected.Especially, on level and vertical plane, all may be connected to other building blocks.In addition, even building block is rotated, for example, also can correctly locate them around Z-axis or horizontal rotational shaft.
Preferably, control figured location by the control command that receives from the user via the suitable input equipment such as pointing device.For example, the location can be used as standard cursor manipulation technology and is performed execution, such as " drag and drop " operation, and " clicking-drag-unclamp " operation and other similar operations.
In a preferred embodiment, the step of determining many three-dimensional position candidate further comprises and determines the many position candidate of the first virtual building block in three-dimensional system of coordinate.By rotating first building block to obtain the position candidate of postrotational building block, with the 2D position transition of user control be 3D place and three dimensions on orientation, thereby only just determine whole six-freedom degrees of placing in the 3D scene based on the single cursor control in the 2D screen area.When the rotation of first building block is limited in the selected predetermined space angle around directed of user, avoid the rotation of making us obscuring the upset fully (complete flipping around) such as building blocks, thereby avoided user's fascination (disorientation).In this embodiment, can select the orientation of virtual building block to obtain more orientation by allowing the user.
In a preferred embodiment, method further comprises:
-determine that many candidate's Connection Elements of described structure, each candidate's Connection Element have the projection in the two-dimentional viewing area in the predetermined neighborhood around the projection of Connection Element of the first virtual building block;
-based on concatenate rule and this group preposition classification rule, select in described candidate's Connection Element; And
-if according to this group concatenate rule, the connection between the first virtual building block and the described structure is effectively, then the first virtual building block is connected with structure by at least one selected candidate's Connection Element.
Therefore, the calculating effective ways that detect position candidate are provided, because detect position and the attribute that only depends on independent Connection Element.In addition, provide effective choice mechanism, be used to select most probable to meet the 3D position of user view.
When classification comprises one or more following classifications rule, provide particularly advantageous Connection Element classification:
-to the distance ground of Softcam position candidate's Connection Element is carried out classification about them;
-abandon candidate's Connection Element of can't see from current Softcam position; And
-about their the distance ground of two-dimensional projection of corresponding Connection Element of the virtual building block of two-dimensional projection to the first candidate's Connection Element being carried out classification.
Especially, be based on the distance combination of Softcam position and during based on their corresponding spacing of two-dimensional projection and the two-dimensional projection of the corresponding Connection Element of the first virtual building block, obtained reliable 3D and located when the classification rule.
In a preferred embodiment, for each virtual building block, the numeral of described structure comprises the grid corresponding to many rules at least one surface of virtual building block, and each regular grid comprises many grid points, and each grid point is represented a Connection Element.Therefore, provide systematized framework, it allows the correctly interconnected of the correct transformation of 3D position and a large amount of different building blocks, even building block has a large amount of Connection Elements, and Connection Element even not of the same type.
Preferably, the described predetermined neighborhood around the projection of the Connection Element of the described first virtual building block has the linear dimension (linear dimension) corresponding to distance between the adjacent gate lattice point of respective rule grid, such as diameter.Therefore, provide a kind of accurate careful placement by user's control, it produces 3D resolution and is connected for predictable, the transparent building block of user.
Further preferred embodiment is disclosed in the dependent claims.
The present invention can realize in a different manner, comprise method above-mentioned and hereinafter, data handling system and other product devices, wherein each mode all produces one or more benefit and advantages of describing in conjunction with the first referred method, and each approach all has one or more preferred corresponding to the preferred embodiment of describing in conjunction with the first referred method
Embodiment.
Notice that feature above-mentioned and method hereinafter can realize, and can realize by the object computer executable instruction in data handling system or other treating apparatus in software.Instruction can be to be loaded into program code unit the storer such as RAM from storage medium or by computer network from another computing machine.Alternatively, described feature can realize by hard-wired circuitry, rather than realize by software or in conjunction with software.
The invention still further relates to the computer program that comprises program code unit, when described program was moved in computing machine, the institute that program code unit is used to carry out above-mentioned and method hereinafter in steps.Computer program may be implemented as computer-readable recording medium, and data-signal is implemented as carrier wave, or the like.
The invention still further relates to and comprise the computer program that is stored in the program code unit on the computer-readable medium, when described computer program moved on computers, program code unit was used to carry out method above-mentioned and hereinafter.
Description of drawings
Below with reference to preferred embodiment, and come more intactly to illustrate the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Accompanying drawing 1a-b represents to be used to generate and handle the data handling system of the embodied on computer readable model of geometric object;
The graphic user interface of the virtual modular system of accompanying drawing 2 expressions;
Accompanying drawing 3a-d has illustrated the example of building block and Connection Element thereof;
Accompanying drawing 4a-b has illustrated the embodiment of the numeral of physics building block;
Accompanying drawing 4c has illustrated the example of the volume element (volume element) around the tie point;
Accompanying drawing 5 is illustrated in locatees building block and it is connected to the process flow diagram of the structural processing that is present in the building block in the scene in the 3D scene;
Accompanying drawing 6a-b has illustrated new building block has been positioned at example on the building block top of previous placement;
Accompanying drawing 7a-b has illustrated because two positions that figured different slightly 2D places the building block that is caused on the screen;
Accompanying drawing 8 is illustrated in the experimental 3D placement, the process flow diagram of the embodiment of the Connectivity Verification subroutine of new building block;
Accompanying drawing 9a-b has illustrated the connection of the building block that has comprised rotation.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing 1a-b represents to be used to generate and handle the data handling system of the embodied on computer readable model of geometric object;
Accompanying drawing 1a represents the synoptic diagram of computer system example.Computer system comprises properly programmed computing machine 101, personal computer for example, and computing machine 101 comprises display 120, keyboard 121 and computer mouse 122 and/or another pointing device, such as touch pad, trace ball, light pen, touch-screen etc.
Label is that 101 computer system is applicable to and promotes design, storage, handles and share virtual building block model.Computer system 101 can be as the client in one-of-a-kind system or the client/server system.
Accompanying drawing 1b represents to be used to generate the block scheme of the data handling system of the virtual building blocks model that can read with operating computer.Computing machine 101 comprises storer 102, and storer can partly be implemented as volatile storage, and part is implemented as Nonvolatile memory devices, for example random-access memory (ram) and hard disk.Storer has storage model code interpreter 107, model code generator 108, UI button.onrelease 109 and modeling thereon and uses 110, and wherein each all can be carried out by CPU (central processing unit) 103.And storer has the model data 111 that is stored in wherein, i.e. one of the numeral of represents physical object group of data structure, for example virtual building blocks model.An example of data layout that is used for storing virtual building blocks model is at United States Patent (USP) 6,389, has been disclosed in 375.
Code interpretative device 107 is applicable to the code that reads and explain the definition model, the i.e. code of the data structure of the building block of representative model.In a preferred embodiment, code interpretative device is applicable to and reads model and be known picture format with this model conversion, is used for showing on graphoscope.
UI button.onrelease 109 is applicable to user and user interface is converted to code generator 108 discernible appropriate users orders alternately.One group of possible and discernible order can comprise: obtain building block from component library, place building block to be connected to another building block, separate building block, abandon building block, for example by initiating to rotate to wait to handle building block or one group of building block or the like.Each order can be associated with one group of relevant parameters, for example with respect to the cursor coordinates of display coordinate, the type of building block etc.
Code interpretative device 108 is applicable to the data structure of revising model in response to user's order.As simultaneously or follow-up task, can the run time version interpreter, be used to represent the result of code generator.
Modeling is used 110 and is applicable to control store, file, user interface etc.
User 105 can carry out alternately by means of user interface 106 and computer system 101, and user interface 106 preferably includes the graphic user interface that is presented on the computer screen, and one or more input equipment such as keyboard and/or pointing device.
For load, storage or TRANSFER MODEL, geometric description or other data, computer system comprises I/O unit (I/O) 104.I/O unit can as and dissimilar storage mediums and dissimilar computer network, the Internet for example, interface.In addition, I/O unit (I/O) 104 for example can be used to alternatively and other user's exchange models.
By means of the exchanges data between data bus 112 realization storeies 102, CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) 103, user interface (UI) 106 and the I/O unit 104.
Accompanying drawing 2 has been represented the graphic user interface of virtual modular system.
User interface comprises viewing area 201, is used to show the 3D scene view that has chassis 202 and comprise the 3D structure 203 of many interconnected virtual building blocks 204.From predetermined observation point displayed scene.Below, this observation point is also referred to as (virtual) camera position, because it is corresponding to such position, the camera record is corresponding to the image of the practical structures of graph image shown in the viewing area from this position.
Each building block 204 is corresponding to the activeleg in the graphic user interface, for example by it can being activated with the computing machine click, thereby selects this building block.In one embodiment, selected virtual building block has changed outward appearance.For example, selected building block can change color, texture etc.; Can wait these building blocks of highlight by around selected building blocks, showing bounding box.The user can handle selected building block, for example changes its attribute, for example its color, with its deletion, carry out the copy and paste operation, it be dragged and dropped into diverse location etc.
User interface also comprises options panel (palette panel) 205, and options panel 205 comprises the many different building blocks 206 that can be selected by the user.For example, the user can click on a building block 206 therein with mouse, thereby selects building block, and selected building block is dragged into viewing area 201, it be connected to structure 203 or be connected to chassis 202.
User interface also comprises menu bar 207, and menu bar comprises many menu buttons 208 that are used to start various functions or instrument.For example, toolbar can comprise the throw that is used to change the Softcam position, thereby allows the user to observe structure realm from different directions.Menu bar may further include the zoom tool that is used to amplify and dwindle the 3D scene.Other examples of instrument comprise the options panel instrument that is used to select different options panel 205, wherein each options panel comprise the combination of different building block, be used to the part colouring of structure the colouring instrument, be used to wipe the Eraser Tool of building block etc.
Accompanying drawing 3a-d has illustrated the example of building block and Connection Element thereof.
Accompanying drawing 3a represents the skeleton view of building block 301.The upper surface 302 of building block 301 has 8 projection 303a-h, these projections can with the corresponding eyelet of another building block, the eyelet on another building block bottom surface for example, in conjunction with.Correspondingly, building block 301 comprises the bottom surface (not shown) that has corresponding eyelet.Building block 301 also comprises the side 304 that does not comprise any Connection Element.
Usually, Connection Element can be grouped into different types of Connection Element, for example web member, receiver member and hybrid element.Web member is to be admitted so that the Connection Element that connects between the building block to be provided by the receiver member of another building block.For example, web member can be contained between the part of another assembly, patchhole intraocular or the like.Receiver member is the Connection Element that can admit the web member of another building block.Hybrid element is to serve as the part that web member can serve as receiver member again, and this depends on the type of the cooperation Connection Element of another building blocks usually.
Accompanying drawing 3b represents to observe from the bottom skeleton view of building block 310.Building block 310 has the end face and the bottom surface of non-rectangle.The bottom surface comprises and is used to admit one or more other building blocks, the building block 301 among the accompanying drawing 3a for example, the eyelet 311,312 and 313 of complementary protuberance.Eyelet is by edge 314, limited by secondary pin (secondary pin) 315 and turning 316 and 317.Therefore, the attribute of all said elements has determined the connection attribute of building block 310 bottom surfaces.
Accompanying drawing 3c has illustrated building block 320 and has been connected with building block 321, thereby forms the building block of combination.Building block 320 comprises projection 322 on the surface thereon, and projection 322 is received in the corresponding eyelet of another building block.Yet,, also can realize the connection of other types as setting forth among the accompanying drawing 3c.Other web members are served as in gap 323 between the projection, such as the side 324 of building block 321, receiver member.For the physics building block, this attribute is by the size in gap and the size of building block 321, and promptly its lateral width 325 determines.Yet, in numeral, represent these attributes, as setting forth in more detail hereinafter by the respective attributes of the tie point on the grid of rule.
Accompanying drawing 3d represents two building blocks 331 and 332.Building block 331 is brick shapes, has 4 projections 333 on its upper surface, has 4 corresponding eyelets on the (not shown) of bottom surface.Brick 332 is the building block examples with the surface that comprises not mutually orthogonal plane.Especially, building block 332 has inclined-plane 334.As illustrated in the accompanying drawing 3d, in current location, building block 331 is not connected with 332 because shown in the position on without any the Connection Element that is bonded to each other.
Should be appreciated that above-mentioned building block only is used as the example of possible building block.
Accompanying drawing 4a-c has illustrated an embodiment of the numeral of physics building block.The numeral of physics building block comprises the data structure that is stored in the computer memory, and wherein numeral is represented the attribute of this building block.According to this embodiment, the Connection Element of building block can have nothing in common with each other at aspects such as kind (nature), profile, connection attributes.Yet one group of rule is followed in their position on building block.
Building block has many planes relevant with it, for example by the surperficial defined plane of the bounding box of building block.The Connection Element of building block is positioned at these planes, makes each Connection Element have relative axle.The axle of all Connection Elements is corresponding to the grid of rule in the same level, the grid of quadrature for example, corresponding grid point, so-called node, and the spacing between the adjacent grid points is fixed.Preferably, the plane related with building block is parallel to each other in couples, for example by one group of definition corresponding to the horizontal plane of the upper surface of building block and bottom surface and many corresponding to building block lateral vertical side plane.Preferably, on all horizontal planes, the spacing between the adjacent gate lattice point is identical.In one embodiment, in the vertical plane in spacing between the adjacent gate lattice point and the horizontal plane spacing between the adjacent gate lattice point unequal.
How the embodiment that accompanying drawing 4a-b has schematically illustrated data structure describes the attribute of the building block 301 of accompanying drawing 3a.In accompanying drawing 4a-b, shown building block 301 and upper surface thereof and bottom surface respective orthogonal grid 405 and 406 separately.Accompanying drawing 4a represents the skeleton view of building block, and accompanying drawing 4b represents the top view of building block.In accompanying drawing 4a-b, do not represent the grid on building block 301 sides.Some example of building block, for example building block 301, on some face, for example on the side, without any Connection Element.Other examples of building block may have Connection Element on all sides.
Orthogonal grid is also referred to as connective grid, and grid point is also referred to as tie point.With illustrating tie point as the circumference of circumference 407a-k institute example.Therefore, tie point 407a-h corresponds respectively to projection 303a-h.Because side 304 without any Connection Element, does not therefore need to define any connection grid for them.In optional embodiment, can only comprise the connection grid of empty receiver member for the side definition, promptly neither connect the receiver member that does not also resist other Connection Elements.
The numeral of building block is described with respect to inner right-handed coordinate system 408.Should be appreciated that the position of the selection of coordinate system, particularly its initial point and the direction of coordinate axis can be selected according to any suitable convention.Therefore, in related data structure, position and the orientation of building block in the 3D scene can be by coordinate system 408 with respect to exterior coordinate system, the coordinate system of another building block or the overall situation " world " coordinate system for example, origin and the direction of coordinate axis represent.
As from accompanying drawing 4a, seeing, represent that by the tie point that places regular grids the Connection Element of building block just forces some constraint on the physics of the Connection Element on the physics building block is placed.Grid 405 is positioned at the plane of projection 303 from the building block upper surface of its extension.
In the example of accompanying drawing 4a-b, grid point is placed in the square grid, wherein each foursquare random length unit (LU) that is of a size of 5*5.Therefore, in these how much, Connection Element also is placed on the corresponding square grid, and the spacing between the Connection Element is the multiple of 10LU in the plane of building block.In the example of accompanying drawing 4, the upper surface of building block and lower surface are rectangles, and it is of a size of 20LU*40LU, and the space length of adjacent Connection Element is 10LU.On the other hand, in vertical direction, the space length of Connection Element is 12LU.
With respect to the intrinsic coordinates of building block is 408 to define the position of tie point.Each grid point also has the direction that is associated with it, and the indication Connection Element can combine with corresponding Connection Element on which direction.The direction of grid point is perpendicular to the plane, and the outside of sensing bounding box, promptly points to the outside of figure midplane in accompanying drawing 4b.
In one embodiment, for each tie point, represent the data structure of the grid of tie point to comprise: tie point is with respect to the coordinate of coordinate system 408, the direction of Connection Element, and connection type.
In one embodiment, represent the data structure of building block to comprise building block ID (identifier), the data structure of position, orientation and the size of the bounding box of description building block, and many data structures of describing each grid and their corresponding tie point.Represent the data structure of the grid of tie point to comprise:
-as local grid coordinate be the coordinate of the grid point of initial point with respect to coordinate system 408.In the example of grid 405, grid point 307i is used as initial point, and coordinate is P
0=(5,12 ,-15), unit is LU.
The direction of-Connection Element.In the example of grid 405, this is (0,1,0), the i.e. Y direction of coordinate system 408.
The quantity of grid point on-X and the Z direction.In the example of grid 405, be respectively n
x=9 and n
z=5.
-n
x* n
zThe array of data structure, each comprises the connection attribute of corresponding tie point.The data structure of each grid point comprises the connection type of tie point, for example " eyelet ", " limit ", " projection " or the like.
In one embodiment, each tie point also has associated volume element, has defined this tie point neighborhood on every side.
Accompanying drawing 4c has illustrated the example of the volume element around the tie point.In one embodiment, each tie point has sphere associated therewith, and it is centered close on the tie point.In accompanying drawing 4c, this is that tie point 407g and 407j by the connection grid 405 of above-mentioned building block 301 comes example.For tie point 407g and 407j, show corresponding spherical 410g and 410j respectively.Spherical radius equals half of spacing between the adjacent tie point, for example is 2.5LU in the example of accompanying drawing 4a-b.Should understand, in optional embodiment, sphere can be littler or bigger, and promptly they can intersect or can be gapped between the sphere of adjacent sphere, thereby allow the sensitivity control with respect to the localization method that misplaces for a short time.
Be also to be understood that also and can use dissimilar volume elements.For example volume element can be the right cylinder that surrounds Connection Element, as surrounding the right cylinder 410c institute example of tie point 407c.In this example, cylindrical radius is 2.5LU and highly is 5LU.Other examples of volume element comprise square, ellipsoid etc.
Be also to be understood that dissimilar in certain embodiments Connection Elements can be associated with the different volumes element, different size for example, for example different radii and/or differing heights, volume element, perhaps even different geometries.In such an embodiment, represent the data structure of tie point can also comprise one or more be used to the discern type of the volume element that is associated and/or the parameters of size.
Should be appreciated that when at display, when computer screen for example, last diagrammatic representation building block, bounds (bounding volume), coordinate system, volume element and grid do not need to be shown.Preferably, diagrammatic representation includes only the pattern description of building block self.
The process of new building block being put into the scene that comprises the 3D structure below will be described in further detail.With reference to the accompanying drawings 5 and 6a-b.
Accompanying drawing 5 expressions are positioned at building block the 3D scene and it are connected to the process flow diagram of the structural process of building block that appears in the scene.
In step 501, new building block is placed in the scene, for example by selecting building block on the options panel and the diagrammatic representation of moving building block according to mouse to be dragged to user-selected fixed position in the 2D viewing area, wherein the 2D projection of 3D scene is represented in the 2D viewing area.In one embodiment, when mouse moving has stopped a schedule time at least, for example the GUI button.onrelease is detected, the time, program enters step 503.
Accompanying drawing 6a-b has illustrated the example at top that new building block is positioned at the building block of previous placement.New building block 601 is illustrated as bounding box 620, and bounding box 620 has upper surface 621 and bottom surface 622, and each face comprises the tie point of many aforesaid connection grids, and it usually indicates by 603.Similarly, the previous building block of placing 602 has many tie points, and it usually indicates with 604.That does not represent building block 601 and 602 side in accompanying drawing 6a is connected grid and tie point.In this example, the 3D scene includes only a previous building block 602 of placing.
Building block of seeing in the 2D viewing area 600 that accompanying drawing 6a has illustrated at computer screen 601 and 602 2D projection, it is 630 corresponding to the 2D displaing coordinate.
Accompanying drawing 6b has illustrated 2D projection in the viewing area 600 and the relation between the 3D position of building block 601 and 602 in 3D coordinate system 640.When new building block 601 is placed on the screen 600, only determined its coordinate in 2D coordinate system 630, and as described in dotted line projection line 631, any 3D position that produces projection 601a meets this projection.Therefore, do not provide on the screen about information by user control building block is positioned over perpendicular to the third dimension of viewing area.In accompanying drawing 6b, projection is a parallel projection, and promptly projection line 631 is parallel to each other, is equivalent to Softcam position 632 apart from projection plane 600 infinities.
Referring again to accompanying drawing 5, in step 503, handle and determined, each tie point for new building block, whether existence belong to any building block in the scene Already in (or, if exist, belong to the chassis) tie point, it has the 2D projection in the predetermined neighborhood of this tie point projection of new building block.In one embodiment, for each Connection Element of new building block, determine to surround in the viewing area circumference of Connection Element.Similarly, the corresponding circumference of the Connection Element in definite scene Already in.If any circumference in these circumference is overlapping with the circumference of the Connection Element of new building block, then select the Connection Element of corresponding Connection Element as the candidate.
In accompanying drawing 6a, illustrate this step with the tie point 605 of new building block 601.Label 606 has indicated the circumference that surrounds Connection Element 605.Similarly, label 608,610 and 612 has indicated the Connection Element 607,609 of building block 602 and 611 circumference respectively, and these circumference and circumference 605 overlap.Therefore, in this example, Connection Element 607,609 and 611 is confirmed as candidate's Connection Element.Should be appreciated that, in this example, can select further Connection Element.Yet their circumference is not expressed in accompanying drawing 6b.
Should be noted that circumference 606,608,610 and 612 corresponds respectively to the projection of the corresponding sphere of surrounding Connection Element 605,607,609 and 611.Should be appreciated that in optional embodiment, to have the projection within the neighborhood of the Connection Element of new building block, can use the projection of dissimilar volume elements in order to determine which Connection Element.More examples of volume element have been described in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing 4c.When using sphere, determining of homolographic projection is particularly effective, because spherical projection is round all the time, and irrelevant with viewpoint.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of circumference is corresponding to the spacing between the adjacent tie point in each grid.
Will be further understood that, in certain embodiments, the search of candidate's Connection Element can be limited in the subclass of Connection Element of the building block in the scene Already in, thereby reduces the size of the results list of finishing needed time of search and candidate's Connection Element.For example, search can be limited in also not being connected to the Connection Element of another Connection Element.In one embodiment, search is limited in having the Connection Element of suitable connection attribute, promptly can be operatively coupled to the Connection Element on the Connection Element of new building block, as hereinafter describing in more detail.
Step 530 produces the tabulation 520 of candidate's Connection Element of the building block in the scene Already in.Therefore, the 3D coordinate of candidate's Connection Element is known.In one embodiment, tabulation each clauses and subclauses in 520 comprise: the 3D coordinate of candidate's tie point of the building block in the scene Already in, discern the identifier of corresponding building block, and identifier and/or the coordinate of discerning the corresponding Connection Element of new building block.
In step 505, come the tabulation 520 of candidate's Connection Element is sorted by candidate's Connection Element being carried out classification according to a predetermined component level rule.
In one embodiment, candidate's Connection Element is the distance according to them and Softcam, be them and relative distance corresponding to the projection plane of viewing area 600, and according to the 2D distance between position candidate and the selected placement of user, be the projection of position candidate in the viewing area and the displacement of the position of the figure of building block newly, and by classification.For example, position candidate can promptly more may meet the position that the user wants by diversity for higher for the Connection Element of its more close camera position.Equally, in 3D, be that high candidate's tie point can be by diversity for lower for it with the displacement of user's select location.
In certain embodiments, as the additional of above-mentioned condition or substitute, carry out ordering according to other standards.The example of this position classification rule can comprise following one or more:
-with the relative distance of camera position;
The displacement of-2D the position selected with the user;
The angle of the required rotation of-building block is so that allow and being connected of candidate's Connection Element;
-observability detects, for example candidate's Connection Element from the current camera position whether as seen.In certain embodiments, from tabulation, abandon from the sightless candidate's Connection Element of current camera position.
In certain embodiments, the several or utilization that all can be combined in the above-mentioned standard for example by the cost function of the above-mentioned condition of definition, has corresponding weighting factor alternatively.In other embodiments, at first according to above-mentioned rule one of them, classification is carried out in for example required 2D displacement.If two or more candidate's Connection Elements have identical classification, can distinguish them with another rule, for example with the relative distance of camera, required rotation etc.
Therefore, finished classification to determined candidate's Connection Element, and ordered list 520 according to above-mentioned classification corresponding to ordered list.At this, ordered list 520 comprises all candidate's tie points that are not dropped based on above-mentioned position classification rule.
In step 508, define whether sequence table 520 is empty.If tabulation for empty, promptly has without any Connection Element and the enough little projector distance of the Connection Element of new building block, then 3D places and is rejected (step 509), promptly handles stopping; Otherwise, handle advancing to step 510.
Stop if handle, then preferably give the user, for example by visual indication is provided with its indication by refusal 3D placement (step 509).For example, can show the diagrammatic representation of the building block that is moved in response to mouse moves with the form that the indication building block also is not placed.Only when finding that 3D places, diagrammatic representation is switched, thereby indicates placement to finish to the user.For example, do not complete successfully as long as 3D places, building block can be shown as transparent and/or have the suitable form of visual bounding box and/or flicker and/or any other.
In step 510, candidate's Connection Element that selection has highest ranked, and newly building block is placed in the 3D coordinate system, and the coordinate of the corresponding tie point of the coordinate of feasible candidate's tie point of choosing and new building block is consistent.Therefore, selection is according to the position candidate of highest ranked.Should be appreciated that this placement is just experimental, promptly still is not displayed on the computer screen.
In step 511, handle checking and connect whether meet one group of predetermined concatenate rule, for example, whether the Connection Element on these and other tie points of new building block allows being connected of Connection Element of the building block that will be connected to new building block.The inspection that this embodiment will be described in more detail below also will be called as Connectivity Verification.In a preferred embodiment, handle further the new building block of checking when being connected to candidate's Connection Element from the camera position whether as seen, perhaps its structure that whether is existed is blocked (obstruct) fully.If connection is rejected or building block will be sightless, then experimental 3D places and is rejected, and processing advances to step 512; Otherwise, successfully verified connection if handle, then handle advancing to step 513.
In step 512, connection is removed from ordered list 520 for its unaccepted candidate's tie point, and handles and return step 508, if promptly exist, then selects next candidate's tie point.
In step 513, check it is successful if promptly connect, then 3D places and is accepted, promptly by " biting " new building block and come the more diagrammatic representation of new construction by the outward appearance that changes building block on received position.In one embodiment, the user can accept the position, for example by clicking on building block with mouse, handles thereby finish to place.If the user wishes building block is placed on the another location, user's rolling mouse simply so, and need on building block, not click, thereby the outward appearance of new building block is become again initial outward appearance, and building block is moved to the another location of 2D viewing area.
Handle to keep one group of data structure, each data structure represents to be placed on the building block in the 3D scene, and for example as in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 4a-b describes.When the 3D that accepts new building block placed, the new example of handling by increasing corresponding to the data structure of new building block upgraded this data structure group as the part of data structure group.
Accompanying drawing 7a-b has illustrated two positions of placing the new building block of the accompanying drawing 6a-b that is caused by figured different slightly 2D on the screen.In accompanying drawing 7a, building block 701 is placed on the top of structure 702.On the other hand, in accompanying drawing 7b, building block 701 is positioned in structure 702 back on chassis 703.Therefore, the whole two kinds of significantly different placements that allow in the distinguish 3D scene of the ditty of the 2D position of new building block.Accompanying drawing 7a-b has further illustrated the different outward appearances that new building block 701 is compared with the building block 704 of structure 702 when it is handled by the user.
Accompanying drawing 8 is illustrated in Connectivity Verification of new building block in the experimental 3D placement and handles 511 embodiment process flow diagram.Whether thus, handle the new building block of checking can be connected at least one other building block of existing structure.These other building blocks are called as second building block.
In initial step 801, processing execution collision detection and visual the inspection, promptly detect new building block whether with scene Already in any other building block intersect, and check whether new building block will be blocked fully by already present structure and be sightless therefore from current camera position.Collision detection can be carried out by any suitable collision detection method, is preferably the collision detection method based on the bounds of building block.The example of this algorithm is disclosed in for example " the 3D Game Engine Design " of David H.Eberly, and Morgan Kaufmann is in 2001.Equally, visual inspection can be carried out by any suitable method known in the art.If detect invalid intersection point,,, then refuse on this position and orientation, to place building block if perhaps building block will be sightless from current camera position if promptly the bounds of building block intersects; Otherwise,,, then handle entering step 802 if promptly intersect but their volume is non-intersect to small part bounding box surface if if building block will be visible and detect effective intersection point to small part.
In step 802, determine all tie points of belonging to of the new building block and second building block of detected bounding box surface intersection point.Have only those not have connected tie point to be considered; These tie points will be called as the associated contact.
In step 803, select the first associated contact of new building block, for example optional tie point.
In step 804,, handle and check the associated contact that whether has any coordinate second building block identical with the tie point of being chosen for the selected tie point of new building block.In one embodiment, wherein building block is placed on discrete volume with reference in the grid, and all coordinates all are the multiples of random length unit, may need the accurate coupling of coordinate.In continuous or quasi-continuous reference frame, may need grid point consistent in predetermined restriction.
If do not find this coupling tie point, handle so and enter step 814.
In step 814, detect in the predetermined neighborhood of selected tie point, whether there is any other associated contact.For example, the spacing between two adjacent therein Connection Elements is among the embodiment of 10LU, can select predetermined neighborhood be surround selected, be positioned at (x, y, the cube of tie point z) (x ± 5LU, y ± 5LU, z ± 5LU).If there is any other associated contact within the predetermined neighborhood of selected tie point, the connection of two building blocks is rejected (step 811) and algorithm termination so.Therefore, when the tie point among this embodiment is placed on the regular grid, the invalid placement of building block can be detected effectively: if for one in the associated contact of new building block, find not match with the associated contact of second building block, then do not need to detect the residue tie point of new building block, thereby improved the speed of handling that detects.
If in step 814, do not find the associated contact of any conflict, then handle and enter step 809.
If in step 804, find the tie point of coupling, handle so and enter step 805, wherein detect and in the predetermined neighborhood of selected tie point, whether have any other associated contact, for example as mentioned above, surround selected, be positioned at (x, y, the cube (x ± 5LU of tie point z), within the y ± 5LU, z ± 5LU).If in predetermined neighborhood, find another tie point, refuse position (step 811) so; Otherwise program enters step 806.
In optional embodiment, above-mentioned constraint may be undesirable.And in an embodiment again, above-mentioned constraint may be limited to some connection type.
In step 806, handle to detect selected tie point and whether the tie point of the coupling that is detected has opposite direction, promptly whether their associated shaft is along same straight line but on opposite orientation.Therefore, only accept to be positioned at Connection Element on the relevant orientation that is fit to their combination.
Should be noted that in optional embodiment, this restriction can be loosened, for example accept certain orientation range among the embodiment by an orientation range of Connection Element acceptance therein.
If the relative direction of tie point is accepted, handle so and enter step 807, otherwise this position is rejected (step 811).
In step 807, the connection type of more selected tie point and the coupling tie point that is detected accordingly.In one embodiment, each tie point all has the connection type that is associated, for example " projection ", " eyelet ", " limit ", " turning ", " hinge ", " pin ", " hair(-)pin " etc.The processing access is stored in the connection table 813 in the storer.The connection table comprises the type of connectivity that all connection types are right, indicates specific connection type to how influencing the connection of two building blocks.For example, every pair of connection type can be associated with type of connectivity " very ", " vacation " or " sky ".It is effectively that type of connectivity " very " indication connects, and corresponding Connection Element is in conjunction with to connect two building blocks, and for example projection combines with eyelet accordingly.Type of connectivity " vacation " indication connection is not allowed to.For example, being connected between projection and the projection is impossible: they are not only in conjunction with providing connection, and they even obstructions/conflicts, and feasible connection is impossible.At last, the thing that type of connectivity " sky " indication connects without any prevention, the also thing that connects without any reality.For example, the example that comes to this of eyelet and eyelet.Therefore, for given a pair of tie point, processing can be retrieved corresponding type of connectivity from the connection table of being stored 813.
In step 808 subsequently, check whether connective result is " vacation ", promptly between corresponding connection type, any effective connection can not be arranged.If connective result is " vacation ", the position of so new building block is rejected (step 811), otherwise stores connective result, and processing enters step 809.
In step 809, check whether all associated contacts of new building block are all processed.If no, then select still not have processed associated contact (step 812), and handle the current tie point of choosing by carrying out above-mentioned steps 804,805,806,807 and 808.
If all associated contacts of new building block are all processed, and the position is not rejected yet, and then accepts this position and processing and enters step 810.In step 810, determine based on the connective result who stores how building block connects, and correspondingly upgrade their data structures separately.
Originally, whether all connective results are " sky " in check.If, if promptly stop the position of building block without any thing, but also actual in to connect building block without any Connection Element, then allow new building block to be in its current location.In one embodiment, additional algorithm can determine, for example based on bounds, is placed on whether this locational physics building block can drop, inclination etc., and correspondingly allows or refuse this position.
Otherwise,, then handle and determine how building block is connected, and promptly whether they are rigidly connected or connect whether allow relative rotation, conversion and/or similar operations if promptly one or more connective result is true.
In case data structure is updated, then son is handled the total processing that stops and turn back to accompanying drawing 5.
Accompanying drawing 9a-b has illustrated the connection of the building block that comprises rotation.In certain embodiments, only to the orientation of visible new building block on the screen, promptly directed the or default orientation selected of user is checked tie point.When the user wishes to connect new building block after building block rotation, can control orientation by the appropriate users interface, for example by means of the throw that can in the menu of graphic user interface, select, by means of keyboard commands etc.For example, the user can control the orientation of new building block, makes the progressively discrete targeting sequence of traversal (step through), for example corresponding to 90 degree rotations around different axis.For example, in accompanying drawing 9a and 9b, building block 901 is connected in the structure 902 in a different manner according to the selected orientation of the user of building block 901.In accompanying drawing 9a, building block 901 is connected to the top of structure 902.In accompanying drawing 9b, building block 901 is connected on the projection 903 that is positioned in the structure 902 on the vertical plane.
In an optional embodiment, allow being redirected automatically of building block.For example, when analyzing position candidate in the step 510 and 511 at accompanying drawing 5, can consider the additional position candidate of different rotary conduct of new building block, and analyze it according to classification that is realized and Connectivity Verification subsequently.For example, when new building block will be connected on the hinge on certain is arbitrarily angled, the user needn't accurately be registered to new building block on the axle of hinge.Processing will be estimated postrotational position and connect new building block after rotation.In certain embodiments, automatically be redirected and be limited to predetermined space angle, for example 45 degree, 30 degree etc., thereby avoided big rotation, big rotation may make the user obscure and cause unexpected result.
Another advantage of above-mentioned processing is that the user receives about new building block will be placed and be connected to indication clearly where.And, considered by user control, the tiny correction of the 2D position of new building block on the screen, thereby smooth natural workflow impression is provided.
Should be appreciated that those skilled in the art can realize the modification of said method within the scope of the present invention.For example, the order of some above-mentioned steps can be changed, and the step possibility is combined etc.
For example, after new building block had been placed to the 3D scene, the user can start research tool with position like the search class.In one embodiment, research tool can allow the user progressively to travel through all positions of the ordered list 520 of accompanying drawing 5, thereby allows the user to select one of them possible position.
The numeral of term " manipulation " object is the operation that is used for representing any user of being subjected to for numeral to control, the for example connection of new building block, existing building block is moved to another position from a position, other operations of the position of perhaps any change building block in the 3D scene.
Claims (18)
- One kind by computer implemented, move the method for handling three-dimensional building blocks model by means of two dimensional cursor, described virtual building blocks model comprises a plurality of virtual building blocks, wherein each virtual building block comprises many Connection Elements that are used for connecting according to one group of concatenate rule described virtual building block and another virtual building block, and described method comprises:-provide the numeral of structure in three-dimensional system of coordinate, wherein said structure to comprise many described virtual building blocks;-in the two-dimension computer viewing area of projection of the described structure of representative, move the two-dimensional projection of locating the first virtual building block that will be connected to described structure by means of cursor, thus the two-dimensional position coordinate produced;-determine the many three-dimensional position candidate of the described first virtual building block in described three-dimensional system of coordinate according to described two-dimensional position coordinate;-select in the described position candidate one based on described concatenate rule and one group of preposition classification rule; And-on described selected position candidate, described first building block is connected to described structure.
- 2. method according to claim 1, the step of wherein said definite many three-dimensional position candidate further comprise determines the many candidate orientations of the described first virtual building block in described three-dimensional system of coordinate.
- 3. method according to claim 1 and 2 further comprises:-determine wherein have projection in the predetermined neighborhood around the projection of the Connection Element of the inherent described first virtual building block in the described two-dimentional viewing area of each described candidate's Connection Element by many candidate's Connection Elements of described structure;-select in described candidate's Connection Element one based on described concatenate rule and described one group of precalculated position classification rule; And-if according to described one group of concatenate rule, the connection between the described first virtual building block and the described structure is effectively, then connects the described first virtual building block and described structure by selected candidate's Connection Element at least.
- 4. method according to claim 3, one step further comprises described candidate's Connection Element is carried out classification in the wherein said selection candidate Connection Element, wherein said classification is carried out for the distance of they and Softcam position.
- 5. according to claim 3 or 4 described methods, one step further comprises and abandoning from the sightless candidate's Connection Element in current Softcam position in the wherein said selection candidate Connection Element.
- 6. according to each described method in the claim 3 to 5, one step further comprises described candidate's Connection Element is carried out classification in the wherein said selection candidate Connection Element, and wherein said classification is to carry out for the distance of the two-dimensional projection of the corresponding Connection Element of their two-dimensional projection and the described first virtual building block.
- 7. according to each described method in the claim 3 to 6, wherein for each virtual building block, the numeral of described structure comprises the grid of many rules corresponding at least one surface of described virtual building block, wherein each regular grid comprises many grid points, and each grid point is represented Connection Element.
- 8. the diameter of the predetermined neighborhood around the method according to claim 7, the projection of the Connection Element of the wherein said first virtual building block is corresponding to the spacing between the adjacent gate lattice point of described respective rule grid.
- 9. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 8, the step of wherein said definite many position candidate comprises that further described first building block of rotation is to obtain the position candidate of postrotational building block.
- 10. method according to claim 9, the rotation of wherein said first building block are limited to the orientation predetermined space angle on every side that the user selectes.
- 11., further comprise the selected directed user command of the user who receives the described first virtual building block of control according to each described method in the claim 1 to 10.
- 12. method according to claim 11, the selected orientation of wherein said user is limited in one group of discrete orientation.
- 13. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 12, wherein said two-dimensional projection is a parallel projection.
- 14. data handling system that comprises storage medium, wherein on described storage medium, store the computer program that comprises program code unit, when described program is moved on described data handling system, described program code unit be used for enforcement of rights require 1 to 13 each institute in steps.
- 15. a computer program that comprises program code unit, when described program is moved on computers, described program code unit be used for enforcement of rights require 1 to 13 each institute in steps.
- 16. computer program that comprises program code unit, described program code unit is stored on the computer-readable medium, when described computer program was running on the computing machine, described program code unit was used for enforcement of rights and requires 1 to 13 each method.
- 17. a computer read/write memory medium that stores the computer program that comprises computer program element thereon, when described program is running on the computing machine, described program code unit be used for enforcement of rights require 1 to 13 each institute in steps.
- 18. a data-signal that is implemented as carrier wave, described data-signal comprises program code unit, wherein when described program code unit is running on the computing machine, described program code unit be used for enforcement of rights require 1 to 13 each institute in steps.
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2005
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| WO2004104811A3 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| KR20060013407A (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| WO2004104811A2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
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| JP4418468B2 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
| CA2524031C (en) | 2015-07-07 |
| NO337287B1 (en) | 2016-02-29 |
| PL378138A1 (en) | 2006-03-06 |
| US20070063997A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
| KR101071011B1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
| US7755620B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
| EP1625488A2 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| CN100340960C (en) | 2007-10-03 |
| HK1090720A1 (en) | 2006-12-29 |
| CA2524031A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
| JP2007500906A (en) | 2007-01-18 |
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