CN1629508A

CN1629508A - Stepless tooth engagement control type high efficiency and high power clutch

Info

Publication number: CN1629508A
Application number: CN 03156755
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王国斌
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-09-09
Filing date: 2003-09-09
Publication date: 2005-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2023-09-09
Also published as: CN100540935C

Abstract

This invention relates to a stepless meshing control clutch with large power. The clutch, super clutch, control derailleur, line clutch, control strains drive device, which are designed by the principles of meshing stepless displacement and the continuous meshing stepless locking and control, which are suitable to automobile, derailleur, impulse derailleur, automatic derailleur, machine bed and other locations needing large power.

Description

Stepless tooth engagement control type high-efficiency high-power clutch

Technical field

The invention belongs to mechanical clutch, controlling type speed changer, especially free wheel device design and manufacturing technology field.

Background technique

At present, the mechanical stepless clutch is generally taked the friction mode transmitted power, needs very big impacting force during work between principal and subordinate's Moving plate, and wearing and tearing heating phenomenon is serious, and volume is big, and transmitted power is limited.Free wheel device is a kind of special mechanical clutch, change by moving element speed of related movement variation of principal and subordinate or sense of rotation in mechanical transmission realizes engaging automatically or separating, reciprocal torque is exported with unidirectional torque, so be called overrunning clutch or unilateral bearing again; Because its clutch state is relevant with the inside and outside ring relative velocity, so be called differential clutch again.Existing free wheel device type roughly is divided into: tooth-like (generally comprising ratchet-type, castellated), friction type two big classes, tooth-like free wheel device is simple in structure, reliable operation, require low to material, accuracy of manufacturing, but boundary dimension is big, belonging to has level to engage, and impact when engaging big, so be not suitable for high speed, high frequency operating mode.The tradition friction overdrive clutch roughly is divided into: roller type, wedge block type, its work cycle comprise " surmount---wedging---wedging---remove wedge---surmounting---" several big processes, in over-travel, there are the slide relative wearing and tearing between wedging element and the outer shroud, produce a large amount of heats, wedging and going also can consume many energy in the wedge process, this will cause clutch power consumption, wearing and tearing to increase, and transmission efficiency reduces.In addition, such clutch sliding corner is bigger, and is relatively poor in the occasion effect that back and forth the corner amplitude is little; The height of its machining accuracy directly influences drive characteristic, so machining accuracy, wear resistance, hardness to element propose requirements at the higher level, and high precision components quantity is many, and as clutch voussoir, roller, interior ring (ring is star-wheel in general), the material hardness of outer shroud, machining accuracy are all very high.Main person, the bearing capacity of its friction driving is low to be the critical defect (for example: the principal element of the existing impulse stepless gear box application area of restriction is exactly that the bearing capacity of its critical component friction overdrive clutch is low) of present friction overdrive clutch.Above-mentioned composite factor is limit, and has restricted present free wheel device and has strided forward to high speed, high frequency, efficient, high-power field

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to existing clutch shortcoming and reform improvement, novel controlling type clutch of one class and free wheel device are provided on this basis, to satisfy, to adapt to modernized industrial demand, be particularly useful for existing impulse stepless gear box and patent: 03140569.X 03263450.1---" isogonism speed is with morpheme lower pair transmission ratio mechanical stepless transmission " disclosed stepless speed variator occasion, because this critical component---the introducing of free wheel device has realized that the conception in stepless change field is changed.Reached and be close to perfectly " the high-efficiency high-power non-friction type is the super wide interval of pulsating movement free zero passage at the uniform velocity " stepless change, present all free wheel device advantages have almost been contained in this invention, reached exclusive " non-friction, no wedging, stepless tooth engagement, zero be idle stroke oppositely " splendid boundary, belong to a kind of stepless tooth engagement of high-power non-friction type solenoidoperated cluthes of novel concept, this clutch theory is changed transmission theory in the past---have the magic effects of " the motion attitude is transmitted power, resting state transmitted power not "! The conception that belongs to a transmission idea of mechanical transmission fields is taken on a new look! And having factors such as machining accuracy, wear condition does not influence characteristics such as transmission accuracy, performance, is the breakthrough of clutch field revolution!

This patent has proposed a kind of new " engagement type stepless clutch " design direction, guiding theory, has opened up the exploratory development frontier, not only has practice and is worth, and also has theory directive significance

Technological scheme of the present invention is as follows:

Basic theories:

(with worm and worm gear is the example analysis; Other self-locking mechanism working principle is equal to)---relevant explanation is referring to 20 pages on civilian tail: " explanation of nouns "

The clutch designing condition---have the normal engagement transmission mechanism of unidirectional self-lock characteristic, that is: " stepless normal engagement " and " unidirectional self-lock " two big technical characteristicss; Take the worm and worm gear as example analysis explanation: worm and worm gear are in normal engagement attitude, have just possessed this condition when the worm screw angle of lead has the unidirectional self-lock characteristic less than equivalent friction angle." unidirectional self-lock " designs with the applied in any combination of " stepless normal engagement " two big technical characteristicss, is applicable to straight line, curve (rotation) occasion.

Another typical mechanism---have 2K-H type positive sign planetary wheel mechanism, 3K type planetary gear train of self-locking performance etc., have one-way self-locking and normal meshing characteristic equally.

All can unidirectional control the mechanism of another driven member operation step, as: but the mechanism of all unidirectional self-locks such as worm and worm gear, self-locking performance planetary wheel mechanism, spiroid, crossed helical gears mechanism all can be used for this design.

Design fundamentals

The stepless shifting principle of worm screw profile of tooth(the stepless normal theory of engagement):, can make the worm screw profile of tooth in axial stepless translation by rotary worm self rotating shaft angular travel.As: (comprise roll type) in worm and worm gear, for any rotation angle position of worm gear, worm screw all can be realized the stepless translation engagement of profile of tooth by stepless angle of rotation displacement.In like manner, in straight line worm screw snail bar mechanism, for the arbitrary line position of snail bar, worm gear can reach the stepless displacement engagement of profile of tooth by the rotation transformation angular displacement equally.

This kind could be used stepless transmission occasion by the know-why of self rotating realization " stepless change engaging tooth position " of worm screw, solves " all stepless traction transmissions all need by friction driving " restriction present situation in the past, is the mileage progress! Also can pass through sensor monitors, COMPUTER CALCULATION goes out the corner by controllable driver (as: controlling type motor) traction worm screw of waiting to mesh behind the azimythal angle in good time of worm screw and realizes synchronous stepless engagement with the desire meshing-body---have another name called: the stepless theory of engagement of tooth bit synchronization.It is a big key core breach of realizing the stepless transmission of gear.

The stepless locking control principle of normal continuously engagement(is the example explanation with the worm and worm gear)---the normal engagement of the total maintenance of worm and worm gear, for any angular displacement place of worm gear, worm screw all can carry out " clutch " control (that is: self-locking joint, release surmount the control of two states) to it at any time.

The one-way self-locking of worm and worm gear also claims unidirectional controlled, that is: worm screw can be controlled the motion of worm gear, by main latch fitting to realized " clutch " function by the control of latch fitting running state; In other words, that is: utilize the stepless locking control principle of normal continuously engagement of worm and worm gear to realize " clutch " function; Also promptly: realize the clutch conversion by the running state of worm screw is controlled---when worm screw was rotated synchronously with worm gear, entire mechanism was in running state, that is: free branch amorph (surmounting attitude), this moment, the torque of input shaft can not be delivered to output shaft; In case worm screw stall, self-locking just takes place in entire mechanism, see that from the worm gear direction entire mechanism becomes one, that is: engage lock-in state (being equivalent to the wedging attitude of common free wheel device), input shaft and output shaft fuse, to output shaft transmission output, this is that the tooth of worm and worm gear meshes stepless clutch principle (simplified schematic diagram is seen Fig. 1) to power circuit by input shaft.Utilize this principle, can design controlling type clutch, stepless tooth engagement free wheel device, controlling type stepless speed variator.When worm screw was in asynchronous rotation attitude, mechanism presented half and engages slipping state, at this moment, has speed discrepancy between input shaft, the output shaft, and this function is mainly the operating mode occasion of skidding that adapts to clutch.

Press the power controlling stream classification: open loop power current control, closed power current control; Its workflow diagram---referring to accompanying drawing 27

Concrete analysis:

1, The controlling type clutch:

(1) exterior power source control type (open loop power current control): unidirectional self-lock mechanism with continuously normal meshing characteristic, by a controller in good time (any time, any direction, speed according to demand) drive main latch fitting realize with by the control change of lockout feature between the latch fitting, and then finish the conversion of clutch state (branchs amorph, the attitude of skidding, joint attitude): (explanation is referring to Fig. 1 relevant portion);

Its workflow diagram---referring to accompanying drawing 28

This quasi-mode also can be used for speed changer, carries out as long as the control command of controlled driving source is pressed speed change request! Can be with reference to contrast accompanying drawing 31.

(2) internally-powered current control type (closed power current control): unidirectional self-lock mechanism with continuously normal meshing characteristic, tell power controlling stream by main power circuit and introduce a control Transmitted chains (string has the Transmitted chains of solenoidoperated cluthes, control speed changer), by to the control of control Transmitted chains (solenoidoperated cluthes, control speed changer) in good time (any time, any direction, speed according to demand) drive main latch fitting realize with by the control change of lockout feature between the latch fitting, and then finish the conversion of clutch on-off state (branch amorph, the attitude of skidding, joint attitude); (see for details hereinafter, key diagram is referring to Fig. 2---replace getting final product as 8 usefulness of the controller among Fig. 2, one controlling type clutch, controlling type speed changer).

Its workflow diagram---referring to accompanying drawing 29, accompanying drawing 30

This scheme belongs to the outer control type of instruction, can realize two-way clutch control, and function is similar to existing ordinary clutch.

Compare with existing ordinary clutch:

A---string has the type of solenoidoperated cluthes can not realize the transmission of skidding in the controllable clutch Transmitted chains, can only realize " from " and " closing " two operating modes---as Figure 29; This type can replace existing magnetic clutch, has that volume is little, power is big, operating conditions characteristics such as do not consume energy.Embodiment: 8 usefulness of the controller among Fig. 2, one controlling type magnetic clutch is replaced, promptly become a controlling type clutch that does not have a function of skidding, by can realize the clutch state conversion of main clutch to the break-make control of magnetic clutch.

B---string has the type of control stepless speed variator can realize the function of skidding in the controllable clutch Transmitted chains, as Figure 30.

2, Controlling type speed changer, controlling type stepless speed variator

(1) worm screw revolution type (clutch differentiation type)

By the power controlling stream classification, be divided into: open loop power current control, closed power current control;

The workflow diagram of open loop power current control class can be with reference to Figure 28;

Closed power current control class workflow diagram---referring to accompanying drawing 31

In order to realize reliable operation, above-mentioned controlling type clutch, controlling type speed changer need " startup square " or " startup crack " (for example: when the tight engagement control of the conducting suddenly constantly Transmitted chains in transmission power when surmounting the attitude conversion in the self-locking attitude, can not enter idle running at once this moment and surmount attitude, can not change the flow direction because of the empty conducting of Quality Initiative because the power circuit of this moment flows to.The way of head it off---1: directly use driving source to produce by force and start the frictional force that square overcomes the worm and worm gear flank of tooth, enter again after the worm and worm gear flank of tooth is separated and surmount attitude synchronously, as shown in Figure 1, can lean on motor to drive by force and produce the startup square, destroy self-locking state; 2: deceleration makes the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face produce microgap (startup crack) and obtains release by driving shaft); At half jointing state that skids, need overcome mesh tooth face friction resistance square between worm and worm gear, so should be as far as possible keeping reducing the worm screw angle of lead under the self-locking prerequisite, so that under the constant prerequisite of lockout feature, reduce worm and worm gear mesh tooth face friction factor, thereby reduce friction resistance square, the concrete measure bag

Draw together: adopt the low coefficient of friction material, adopt modes such as low-friction lubrication mode and rolling transmission to reduce friction factor.

Annotate: worm screw revolution type is meant that worm screw and clutch housing fuse and makes whole rotation type that worm screw is not only cooked revolution but also do rotation.

(2) worm screw from the transition (differential motion synthesis type):

Utilize the unidirectional controlled composition unidirectional control device of unidirectional self-lock mechanism,, can design worm screw from making the transition the controlling type speed changer by relevant motion combination mechanism.For using type of drivers such as oil hydraulic motor, pneumatic motor, manual stepless speed variator, should not take worm screw revolution type, should take worm screw from transition (referring to Figure 23), at this moment, the worm screw position is constant, only makes spinning motion, do not make revolution motion, be convenient to worm screw is realized control.Annotate: " worm screw is from transition " only is a definition title herein, representative organization's meaning not, that is: and control mechanism can be other self-locking mechanisms (as adopting the self locking type planetary gear train among Figure 23 .5)

As shown in figure 23: by the motion of a control stepless speed variator control worm screw, through worm gear differential gear train is introduced in this motion, move by differential gear train and main power circuit input end and to become the rotating speed output of output shaft after synthetic, regulate the worm screw rotating speed by stepless change control transmission ratio, can on output shaft, obtain big power variable speed output.That is: become the rotating speed output of output shaft after the input end motion is synthesized through differential gear train with the control end motion.Source according to power controlling stream is divided into---(1) " open loop power current control ": and the power circuit of the controller controlled driving source (as: control motor, control with stepless speed variator equipment etc.) that comes from the outside, its control system path is: controller---unidirectional control device---motion combination mechanism; (2) " closed power current control ": carry out the circulating power current control at main power circuit input end introducing distributary mechanism and synthesize; Its control system path is: main power line shaft, and---diverter branch---is controlled stepless speed variator---unidirectional control device---motion combination mechanism;

The present technique key is: unilateral control system does not reflux power circuit, has unidirectional control characteristic.Mechanism with one-way self-locking all can be used for designing unidirectional control device, considers that the asynchronous operating time section of speed changer is far longer than clutch, and the probability that skids heightens, and for reducing wearing and tearing, uses the rolling self-locking mechanism as far as possible.As: the driving type irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of taking to roll (can be with reference to as Figure 15 mechanism, but condition is: the worm screw angle of lead be less than rolling worm and worm gear equivalent friction angle)

3, The control type free wheel device(closed power current control): unidirectional self-lock mechanism with continuously normal meshing characteristic, under the control of a unidirectional control Transmitted chains in good time (according to sense of rotation, the relative velocity of principal and subordinate's moving part) drive main latch fitting realize with by latch fitting between the control change of lockout feature, and then finish the conversion of clutch overdrive clutch state (self-locking attitude and surmount attitude); (explanation sees for details hereinafter).With worm and worm gear is the example analysis: when the control Transmitted chains was in disconnection state, main latch fitting worm screw was static, and this moment, the worm and worm gear system was in the self-locking attitude, and clutch is in the transmitted power state; When the control Transmitted chains was in jointing state, worm screw drove rotation synchronously under the traction at Quality Initiative, and this moment, the worm and worm gear system was in synchronous no load running state, that is: clutch is in and surmounts state; In other words: control Transmitted chains partition, Quality Initiative are in disconnection state during the operating conditions operation, and the worm and worm gear self-locking state can't be removed, and clutch is in self-locking and engages the transmitted power attitude; Quality Initiative is in the joint attitude when surmounting the attitude operation, and the controlled chain haulage synchronous operation releasing of worm screw self-locking is in and surmounts the idle running attitude.

Design phiolosophy: the lockout feature difference of two sense of rotation of structure can realize overdrive clutch.This is consistent with hereinafter " self-adaptive type free wheel device " guiding theory.

Workflow diagram---referring to accompanying drawing 32.

For this type free wheel device, worm and worm gear engage working flank can adopt the big material of friction factor, increase the worm screw angle of lead under the self-locking prerequisite as far as possible satisfying, to obtain less velocity ratio, thereby the Quality Initiative velocity ratio is reduced, be reduced in the spin velocity of worm screw when surmounting attitude, improve transmission efficiency!

This worm and worm gear overrunning clutch mechanism does not have the wedging phenomenon, contact stress is only arranged when locking, sliding relatively transmission between no worm and worm gear, belong to quiet Contact Transmission, though the relative movement of worm and worm gear is arranged surmounting attitude, but the inactivity drive connection is for " servo-actuated echos " formula non-contact campaign, so almost there is not the sliding friction power consumption!

Two-way adjustable control type free wheel device---the free wheel device that clutch surmounts, the self-locking direction can be regulated change; Characteristics: the tooth Shape Design of worm and worm gear is taked the bi-directional symmetrical design, that is: working flank is identical with non-working flank (because two flank of tooth all may serve as working flank, as: clockwise for surmount to the time non-working flank, when be transformed to counterclockwise for surmount to the time then become working flank), the work facing of unidirectional coupling, inoperative facing structure is equal to, and has Transmitted chains transmission corner adjustability, with Fig. 5 is the example analysis: do not changing under the running position prerequisite of other all elements, change worm and worm gear and the protruding tooth 17 of unidirectional coupling, groove 18 relative rotations, make non-working flank, the inoperative facing is close, working flank, work facing away from after insert in the Transmitted chains again, the surmounting direction and will change of clutch this moment, become: unidirectional coupling engages when being rotated counterclockwise, the conducting of control Transmitted chains drives worm screw and rotates synchronously, clutch enters and surmounts attitude, is the self-locking attitude clockwise.That is: both can change clutch by the intrinsic relative rotation of adjusting coupling and surmount direction.

4, The self-adaptive type free wheel device(having another name called: one-sided self locking type, two lateral tooth flank lockout feature inequality type free wheel devicees)

Design condition: " one-sided self-locking performance ", " stepless normal engagement ".Design total purport: the lockout feature difference of two sense of rotation.

Design principle: the both sides friction factor difference of worm and worm gear mesh tooth face, cause forward and reverse lockout feature difference, as: during the forward operation, not self-locking (worm and worm gear mesh tooth face friction factor is little, for rolling transmission or low friction slip transmission---promptly: equivalent friction angle is greater than the worm screw angle of lead); Then self-locking during counter-rotating (makes the dynamic and static friction card contact of worm shaft by axial thrust load; Or take high friction driving between the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face, and realize that self-locking---promptly: equivalent friction angle is less than the worm screw angle of lead), utilize this principle can carry out the overdrive clutch design.(seeing for details hereinafter)

Owing between mesh tooth face self-locking does not take place when surmounting attitude, the inactivity transmission is so contact stress is very little, so can adopt the method for reduction friction factor (as: to adhere to or inlay low coefficient of friction nonmetallic material or metallic material, self lubricating material at this surface of contact; Or the lubricating system that changes both sides obtains different coefficients of friction, as: can take the oil lubrication mode to obtain low coefficient of friction under the working flank prerequisite guaranteeing that glossy lubricating oil does not diffuse into) reach the lockout feature difference of two lateral tooth flanks.This mode cost is low, simple in structure, needn't add tourelle, only depends on the difference of both sides gear tooth friction coefficient can achieve the goal (as Figure 14).

The embodiment of self-adaptive type has: friction factor, the lockout feature difference of (1) structure two lateral tooth flanks; (2) worm shaft end of both direction resistance square (as: adding the sound friction disk) difference, this two measure can be used or independent respectively the use simultaneously, and aim reaches: the lockout feature of two sense of rotation is different to get final product!

Shown in Figure 14,15,16: touching to close and also can realize one-sided self-locking purpose by the sound friction plate.Advantage: surmounting when work is the contact of rolling, and self-locking engages the friction resistance rectangle that leans on dynamic and static friction disk when work and becomes self-locking.Surmount not self-locking of mechanism when rotation, worm and worm gear rotate synchronously, are underloading rolling Contact Transmission to each other; During opposite spin, worm gear with the worm screw axial push, causes dynamic and static friction disk to touch and closes under opposing torque, plays reverse self-locking action.

In like manner: the distributed Roller Cam of parallel to an axis (disc type rolling worm and worm gear) also can be used for this design, according to the present principles design condition, this mechanism need have one-sided self-locking performance, can be provided with surmounting the combination of roller and self-locking working flank, the worm gear disk body is made driving link structure on opportunity and is had one-sided self-locking, also can set up dynamic and static friction disk auxiliary device simultaneously and realize one-sided self-locking (as Figure 16).

In addition, for axial, radial roller cam mechanism (that is: rolling worm and worm gear, disc type rolling worm and worm gear), also can remove and surmount rotary roller, the self-locking working flank only is set, by the one-sided self-locking of the different realizations of the lubricating system of flank of tooth both sides, as: a side is a lubricant film, and a side is dry friction or traction oil film; Or mesh tooth face material difference, the friction factor difference of both sides.

For control type, worm and worm gear always contact with pilled-in selvedge, away from the slack list; Then all very near apart from two lateral tooth flanks for self-adaptive type, cause two the lockout feature differences that turn to by both sides friction factor difference this moment, and a side surmounts, the opposite side self-locking.So self-adaptive type has certain sliding corner.

The self-adaptive type free wheel device also can be designed to two-way adjustable type, can change one-sided self-locking performance direction by regulating the work at present position that changes self-reacting device, as: all there is not a self-locking performance for the worm and worm gear flank of tooth is two-way, the self-adaptive type clutch that self-locking realizes by dynamic and static friction disk damping fully can be realized clutch reversing by conversion different operating position friction disk.As be provided with the adjustable dynamic and static friction disk device of dynamic and static friction disk gap value in the worm screw both sides, with the sound friction disk gap in left side turn down, the sound friction disk gap on right side transfers big, mechanism's self-locking when then worm screw is subjected to worm gear moment direction left, on the contrary, if turn down in the sound friction disk gap on right side, mechanism's self-locking when then worm screw is subjected to worm gear moment direction is to the right transferred greatly in the sound friction disk gap in left side.

Annotate: all kinds of unconventional worm mechanism that this patent provides can be considered " anomaly worm mechanism ", for the rolling type, can be divided into according to structure: and roller radial radiation distributed mechanisms (claim again: worm-cam formula mechanism---as shown in figure 15); The distributed Roller Cam of parallel to an axis (claim again: cylindrical cam formula mechanism---as shown in figure 16).For consistent with this paper notion, unified called after: rolling worm and worm gear (as shown in figure 15), disc type rolling worm and worm gear (as shown in figure 16)

Annotate: the common worm and worm gear of this paper middle finger refers generally to the self-locking performance worm and worm gear except that specializing.

5, Non-self locking type clutch, speed changer: as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 23, not self-locking of worm and worm gear utilizes the big speed ratio of worm and worm gear to slow down to increase and turns round effect, makes the motion that can control worm gear by worm screw with less power, genus power amplification formula clutch, speed changer.Concrete measure is: the controller among Fig. 18 is replaced by break (as: magnetic clutch, break, or brake motor etc.).When break was braked, mechanism's self-locking was in the joint attitude, and mechanism is in and separates the idle running attitude during break brake off, also can realize the transmission of skidding by the control to brake braking force and period of braking section.The occasion that can be used for various demand clutches, as: automobile main clutch, all controllable clutchs.

6, Extend design--- The straight line type solenoidoperated cluthes: be divided into: (1) control type; (2) self-adaptive type.

All mechanisms with unidirectional self-lock characteristic all can be used for this stepless clutch design, comprise: rotary-type, straight line type, because there is a special performance characteristic in this type of mechanism, that is: the transmitted power process occurs in the self-locking attitude, and surmount attitude is unloaded attitude, transmitted power not, so needn't consider the self-locking mechanism efficiency, and wearing and tearing are very little.So all mechanisms with unidirectional self-lock function all can be used for this design (comprising that all have the Gear Planet Transmission series of latching characteristics, worm mechanism, spiroid, crossed helical gears mechanism, leading screw and nut mechanism, worm screw snail bar mechanism, the stepless locking device in inclined-plane etc.).Because operating conditions is static self-locking attitude, profile accuracy only influences counter-rotating idle stroke (sliding corner) size and bearing strength, stress distribution, so it is lower to the cog machining required precision, as: the reverse idle stroke size of clutch is not had the too big occasion that requires then can reduce the machining accuracy grade greatly, only influence the sliding corner size after the wearing and tearing, and (as: the worm and worm gear wearing and tearing make the gap increase can to regulate compensation, and after causing sliding corner to increase, as long as adjust the active of unidirectional coupling, driven shaft angle corner can reach compensation effect, the working flank gap of worm and worm gear is reduced or eliminates; A simpler mode: between the protruding tooth of unidirectional coupling, groove, increase cushion block and get final product or increase the bullet pad and reduce machining accuracy, eliminate reverse idle stroke, reach the sliding corner boundary that equals zero! ), so the life-span is very long.And the machining accuracy class requirement of existing free wheel device is high, and machining accuracy, wear phenomenon directly influence performance characteristic.

Characteristics of the present invention, advantage:

The present invention adopts controlled self-locking performance principle (" controlled self-locking " and " stepless normal engagement ") design, realized that unique tooth meshes stepless clutch process, this type of clutch belongs to automatic clutch, more than hydraulic couplers and present all clutch efficiency height, the full attitude genus that engages connects firmly transmission, transmission efficiency is near 100%, and has parts wear and do not influence transmission accuracy and driving torque characteristics.Especially by the mono-directional overrun clutch of this principle design, have splendid, existing free wheel device incomparable superior effect.System's self-locking state in the transmitted power process occurs in, at this moment, interior system element is the relative static conditions that is fixed with one, so system needn't consider the transmission efficiency problem in this type of mechanism, that is: the poor efficiency that has the worm and worm gear of latching characteristics can not have influence on the free wheel device transmission efficiency.

This type of controlling type clutch only is used on the automobile and is being produced slide relative in conjunction with the time of releasing, and general time service state be thoroughly to separate or in conjunction with attitude, so wearing and tearing are also not serious! Especially with patent: 03140569.X 03263450.1---and " isogonism speed is with morpheme lower pair transmission ratio mechanical stepless transmission " disclosed stepless speed variator one equipment back effect is splendid, almost there is not slide relative, engage or separation, operating mode is oversimplified, clutch is not worked during speed change, only just needs clutch work in proper functioning when quick trip stop speed governing.This will make the performance characteristic of clutch perform to best boundary! Thoroughly separating or bonding state, this clutch does not have any slide relative, and the branch amorph does not contact, and does not have friction in conjunction with attitude, by tooth engagement transmitted power, so the transmitted power scope heightens under same volume prerequisite.This controlling type clutch can be used for all demand clutch operating mode occasions (as: automobile clutch), and power amplification is controlled high-power clutch occasion etc. with micropower.

Compared with prior art, have several big characteristics: (1) folding characteristic is good, no wedging phenomenon, do not have relative sliding friction, heating hardly (bullet pad contact is compensation the trace wearing and tearing---refer to: in order to reach that sliding corner equals zero and the elastic pressuring clamping device set up makes and produces the contact of minute-pressure power between worm and worm gear, the trace wearing and tearing are arranged this moment, but because dynamics is very little, so it is little to wear and tear, generate heat); (2) stepless joint surmounts transmission, sliding corner is little; (3) amount of parts is few,, operating conditions low, surmount attitude and all do not have slide relative precision, requirement of strength, wear and tear low and the wear automatic-compensation function arranged---can pass through the automatic compensate for wear of bullet pad, also can compensate when wear extent is big by regulating unidirectional coupling pad thickness and Quality Initiative connection corner, and only influence the sliding corner size after the wearing and tearing, do not influence transmission accuracy and transmission efficiency, power, long service life, maintainability are good, machining accuracy, material requirements low, cheap for manufacturing cost (especially single worm screw work type requirement condition is lower); (4) belong to during transmitted power and connect firmly static non-friction engagement transmission, bearing capacity is big, power-weight ratio, power to volume ratio height; (5) transmission efficiency height, 98～99%; (6) little, the smooth engagement of volume, noise are low, adapt at a high speed, the high frequency occasion.

Above-mentioned just comprehensive advantage, this clutch can design more lightweight is small and exquisite than existing clutch! The additional power consumption of this type of clutch is very low, and inner rotation inertia is little, though the relative movement of worm and worm gear is arranged surmounting attitude, the inactivity drive connection is for " servo-actuated echos " formula non-contact campaign, so almost there is not the sliding friction power consumption! This clutch cost is more than existing low, the Quality Initiative element does not require transmission accuracy, efficient, do not carry main power circuit, carry out no load movement as long as can draw worm screw, so the Quality Initiative element can be by the underloading design, with low-cost element manufacturings such as stamping part, mouldings, help reducing system's rotary inertia, noise, manufacture cost, volume, quality simultaneously, reduce power consumption, improve overall transmission efficiency! And main load-carrying unit (worm and worm gear) is in the relative resting state of one with body when work, so all available sliding pair of all kinematic pair, reduce cost and reduced volume, increase bearing capacity, the feasible requirement to worm and worm gear engaging tooth shape, material of state type work characteristics reduces greatly, technology manufacturings such as available common material and powder metallurgy, forging, casting just can directly be used, cost falls greatly that (and requirement on machining accuracy such as the outer shroud of existing free wheel device, star-wheel, roller, voussoir are high, and the wearing and tearing back obviously influences transmission performance.)! Working procedure does not have slide relative, no wedging phenomenon, belongs to non-friction driving, transmission efficiency, bearing capacity high (greater than the gear transmission with volume, working gear is in the rotation attitude, and worm and worm gear are resting state work).Do not have relative fretting wear, do not generate heat, and wearing and tearing do not influence transmission accuracy, cause the life-span to prolong greatly! Volume, quality, rotary inertia are little, can adapt to high speed, high frequency operating mode, oppositely idle stroke (sliding corner) is minimum even be zero (sliding corner size and worm and worm gear engaging tooth play, worm bearing play are relevant,), can adapt to existing clutch demand and developing new application fully, for example: can thoroughly break through the power obstacle of existing impulse stepless gear box, make its application limitation obtain substantive the change! Particularly using patent: 03140569.X 03263450.1---in the re alphapro type of " isogonism speed is with morpheme lower pair transmission ratio mechanical stepless transmission " disclosed stepless speed variator patent, will reach excellent effect, realize the engagement type at the uniform velocity stepless change of full-depth tooth!

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is specifically described:

Fig. 1: open loop power Flow Control standard clutch, speed changer simplified schematic diagram Figure 15: sound friction dish-type free wheel device

Fig. 2: closed power Flow Control standard clutch, speed changer simplified schematic diagram Figure 16: self-adaptive type disc type rolling worm and gear free wheel device

Fig. 3: free wheel device schematic representation Figure 17: self-adaptive type phase-splitting design and control type analogy analysis figure

Fig. 4: clutches engaged profile of tooth situation analysis chart 18: rolling self-adaptive type phase-splitting project organization figure

Fig. 5: Figure 19 is analyzed in toroid helicoids worm engaging tooth shape and unidirectional coupling work signal: teeth worm free wheel device in the self-adaptive type

Fig. 6: worm screw one control type scheme Figure 20: crossed helical gears mechanism

Fig. 7: free wheel device erection drawing () Figure 21: constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism

Fig. 8: free wheel device erection drawing (two) Figure 22: planetary gear train type free wheel device

Fig. 9: unidirectional coupling series Figure 23: controlling type speed changer series schematic diagram of mechanism

Figure 10: free wheel device control Transmitted chains series Figure 24: control type straight line clutch

Figure 11: interior teeth worm free wheel device schematic representation Figure 25: self-adaptive type straight line clutch

Figure 12: rolling self-adaptive type free wheel device () Figure 26: short stroke straight line clutch

Figure 13: rolling self-adaptive type free wheel device (two) Figure 27,28,29,30,31,32: workflow skeleton diagram

Figure 14: slip self-adaptive type free wheel device

Wherein:

1, worm screw 30, central gear wheel hub (containing keyway) 61, self-locking performance worm gear teeth

2, worm gear 31, worm wheel shaft 62, non-self-locking performance worm gear teeth

3, output shaft (containing the unidirectional draft arm key slot of clearance type) 63, non-self-locking performance worm screw teeth

4, input shaft 32, bullet pad 64, non-self-locking performance drum surface-worm

5, body (housing) 33, left half-coupling 65, by the latch fitting gear

6, worm screw support 34, right half-coupling 66, main latch fitting gear

7, bearing (revolute pair) 35, fan-shaped half-coupling 67, constant velocity spiral fluted disc

8, controller (or controlling type clutch, 36, unidirectional fast coupling 68, the cambered surface gear of joining

Speed changer) 37, driving snake 69, constant velocity spiral teeth

9, unidirectional coupling 38, bevel gear wheel 70, cambered surface teeth

10, central gear 39, bevel pinion 71, master axis

11, be connected assembly 72, controlled shaft of gear 40, bevel gear, synchronous pulley

12, bevel gear m 41, be with 73 synchronously, the bevel gear drive group

13, bevel gear n 42, small synchronous pulley 74, gear transmission group

14, the radial thrust combination bearing (comprising: 43, non-self-locking performance worm gear 75, control stepless speed variator

Slide, rolling type) 44, non-self-locking performance worm screw 76, nut

15, radial bearing 45, internal tooth worm gear 77, screw mandrel

16, toroid helicoids worm 46, drum surface-worm 78, tooth bar

17, the protruding tooth 47 of unidirectional coupling, worm screw assembly matrix dish 79, positioning platform

18, unidirectional coupling groove 48, worm gear self-locking working flank 80, reset spring

19, space gear transmission group 49, omnidirectional's bearing 81, non-self-locking performance screw mandrel

20, worm screw rotating shaft 50, worm gear matrix 82, non-self-locking performance nut

21, wire soft shaft 51, surmount roller 83, snail bar

22, clutch bonnet 52, angular contact bearing 84, anchor ring snail bar

23, driving pin 53, circulation alley formula rolling contact (or 85, one-sided type ball nut

24, support unidirectional draw pin openings roller) 86,

25, reinforced worm screw support 54, common ball bearing 87, quiet chuck

(including radial thrust combination bearing 14) 55, kinetic friction dish 88, moving chuck

26, unidirectional traction grooved 56, static friction dish 89, quilt are locked displaced block

27, worm wheel shaft (containing keyway) 57, rolling type worm gear roller 90, main lock displaced block

28, driving key 58, disc type worm gear self-locking working flank 91, sliding pair

29, central gear wheel hub 59, worm gear disk body 92, compensation pressing spring

(containing the unidirectional draft arm key slot of clearance type) 60, self-locking performance worm screw teeth

Embodiment

Fig. 1: open loop power Flow Control standard clutch, speed changer simplified schematic diagram

As shown in the figure: input shaft with linked to each other by the latch fitting worm gear, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, and worm screw is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7, and controller 8 is contained in the housing and moves with housing, its control power transmission is in the worm screw rotating shaft, in order to the angle of rotation displacement of control worm screw.This controller can be: control motor (generally selecting stepper motor, actuating motor etc.), oil hydraulic motor, pneumatic motor, and machine control unit etc.(this figure is a simplified schematic diagram, is clear statement, and the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face is taked not overlapping drafting, is in normal engagement in the reality)

For controlling the solenoidoperated cluthes (as: magnetic clutch) mentioned among motor type controller and Fig. 2, controlling type speed changer (as electronic controlled transmission) etc. herein, its extraneous control signal can be introduced clutch rotor inside by sound connecting devices such as brush, slip rings; And, then should not take worm screw revolution type for drivers such as oil hydraulic motor, pneumatic motor, manual stepless speed variators, should take worm screw from transition (referring to Figure 23), at this moment, the worm screw position is constant, only makes spinning motion, do not make revolution motion, be convenient to worm screw is realized control.Annotate: Figure 23 device also can be used for clutch designs, but worm screw is limited from the clutch use that makes the transition.

This structure can be used for automobile main clutch, realizes efficient non-friction type clutch transmission, has engagement type joint, a characteristic of separating, skid! Because the self-locking structure is not fed back active force, (but main power circuit carrying capacity is when too big so the size of main power circuit influences the variation of control force hardly, flank of tooth contact pressure between worm and worm gear is very big, to cause the resistance square of worm screw to increase, required control force increases), so have full Steady-State Control performance characteristic; By control worm screw amounts of rotation can realize separating, skid, engaging process, be particularly useful for having only " joint ", " separation " operating mode occasion, as: all available this type of clutch of a large amount of clutches that use in the existing automatic clutch and magnetic clutch replaces, and has advantages such as economical and efficient, volume be small and exquisite!

Characteristics: the power circuit control worm movement type that outer boundary driving source provides easily realizes skidding function, as shown in the figure: can the time, parameter such as velocity magnitude is that control command is controlled to satisfy the various working demand main latch fitting worm screw 1, for example: as main clutch in the motor vehicle, realize diversification control by computer aided system, by controller main latch fitting is carried out polynary control after the revolutional slip/rate of the skidding data of monitoring and calculating vehicle current working, simulation realizes existing clutch all functions.

In the more frequent occasion of the operating mode of skidding, the self-locking mechanism (referring to Figure 15) of can taking to roll, or worm and worm gear taked the good lubrication transmission, can reduce the wearing and tearing of skidding of self-locking attitude so greatly, the realization slipping state is easily controlled, and makes it better be adapted to the automobile main clutch operating mode.

According to operating mode occasion demand decision worm screw assembling quantity, but for realize dynamic balancing and improve stressed, general two worm screws of symmetrical mounting (also can install in the low speed occasion, carry out transient equiliblium) at least but preferably add counterweight, do not participate in the occasion that revolves round the sun worm screw, can install a worm screw.

In the controlling type clutch, need that worm screw is had radial-axial constraint location simultaneously, can take omnidirectional's bearing to realize, also can take radial bearing and thrust-bearing combination mode to design, but volume is big, structure is complicated; Also can take sliding bearing, rolling bearing (as: deep groove ball bearing can bear certain thrust load) in the small-power occasion.

But for (as shown in Figure 5) in the free wheel device, transmit main power and occur in the self-locking attitude, whole clutch self-locking this moment fuses, surmounting then transmitted power not of attitude, belong to no load movement,, take sliding bearing to get final product so needn't install high-efficiency bearing, self-locking work is subjected to force direction one end owing to be operated in the self-locking attitude, be further increased reliability, can take thrust friction dish (as Figure 14) to replace thrust-bearing, simplified design, reduced volume reduces cost.

Dynamic analysis: the synchronous rotation of worm and worm gear then is equivalent to and is in the idle running separated state, reduce the worm screw rotating speed and then begin progressively transmitted power (be equivalent to half hitch and close state), when equalling zero, the worm screw spin velocity then reaches maximum delivered power attitude, that is: fully in conjunction with attitude.Annotate: slide relative is arranged between worm and worm gear when half hitch closes state, there is friction phenomenon,, can takes antifriction material, lubricating system or roll to replace the slide type optimal design for reducing wearing and tearing, but note the change problem of worm and worm gear lockout feature, can remedy this point by changing the worm screw angle of lead.

Fig. 2: closed power Flow Control standard clutch, speed changer simplified schematic diagram

Input shaft 4 links to each other with worm gear 2, and by the control Transmitted chains formation closed power current control pattern that links to each other with worm screw 1.The Design Mechanism of this mechanism is---main power circuit shunting is introduced in the control transmission chain, and by being connected in the middle of the controller 8, the control worm movement is finished the control output to input torque.The control Transmitted chains is made up of central gear 10, gear 11,

bevel gear

12,13, controller 8 among this figure, and controller can be: controlling type clutch, controlling type speed changer.Its controller 8 can be installed in the arbitrary position in the Transmitted chains, as: before can being contained in central gear 10, and between bevel gear 12 and the worm screw 1, also can be contained between bevel gear 13 and the gear 11.

By the power controlling flow point be: open loop power current control, closed power current control; Can be referring to preamble---workflow diagram.

Fig. 3: free wheel device schematic representation

Fig. 4: clutches engaged profile of tooth status analysis

Fig. 5: high-power toroid helicoids worm engaging tooth shape and unidirectional coupling work signal are analyzed

The free wheel device structure is formed similar to Fig. 2, difference is controller 8 usefulness unidirectional couplings 9 are replaced (in like manner: unidirectional coupling can be added in any place of control Transmitted chains), for free wheel device, only need filter opposite direction and relative low speed torque, its control kinetic current need not control source introducing specially, belong to closed power current control type, the Design Mechanism of this mechanism is---main power circuit shunting introduced in the control transmission chain, (strictness is said by unidirectional coupling 9, should cry: the short distance unidirectional coupling, or the clearance type coupling, only in certain angle range, have unidirectional transmission; Can be referring to as shown in Figure 9) in the middle of be connected, filter the unidirectional rotation of unidirectional power current control worm screw, construct surmount, the unidirectional closed power transmission chain of self-locking, finish " surmount, clutch " transmission to input torque.

The transmission process of entire mechanism chain is: when surmounting state, and worm and worm gear synchronous operation, the transmission of inactivity stream between the flank of tooth; When engaging the self-locking attitude, the element of entire mechanism all is in a static relatively figure, and input shaft, output shaft engage transmitted power together.

Engaging attitude by self-locking when surmounting the attitude conversion, the control Transmitted chains affects worm screw to begin synchronous rotation, make that surmounting rotation status worm and worm gear non-working flank (the b position flank of tooth in as Fig. 4, Fig. 5) at this can not contact all the time, thereby reach and surmount attitude and rotate freely, and control Transmitted chains cutout when the operating conditions transition, the static mechanism of worm screw enters self-locking attitude transmitted power.The unidirectional traction purpose of Quality Initiative is that worm screw is carried out unidirectional drive, worm screw is with the synchronous rotation of worm gear rotation step direction when surmounting state, cause the worm gear flank of tooth not chase after worm tooth-surface all the time, i.e. the worm and worm gear transmission power that can not be meshing with each other, the two is in the synchronous idle state.

Annotate: the clutch condition of decision free wheel device is: sense of rotation between driving shaft and the driven shaft or relative rotation speed.

Unidirectional coupling is located at worm gear with regard to near-end, the rotary inertia of Quality Initiative is big, help reducing the worm and worm gear sliding corner at inertia when surmounting attitude by Quality Initiative to the operating conditions run transition, then helping making the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face to separate, eliminate the slide relative friction by operating conditions inertia by Quality Initiative when surmounting the attitude transition; Hold responsiveness strong but be contained near worm screw, control accuracy is higher.

Input shaft, output shaft can be used mutually, generally select the little end of rotary inertia as the to-and-fro motion joining end.

As shown in Figure 5: the protruding tooth transmission shaft of unidirectional coupling drive end (core) is connected with worm-wheel shaft (input shaft 4), and groove driven end (section part) is connected mutually with central gear 10 (double dot dash line position).As shown in the figure:, be the self-locking operating conditions counterclockwise clockwise for surmounting attitude.

The mutual transmission direction of worm and worm gear profile of tooth rotation direction decision worm and worm gear, the final transmission sense of rotation of its control Transmitted chains is mutually harmonious with it, that is: the starting point of control Transmitted chains, eventually terminal moving direction is mutually harmonious with it, makes the worm and worm gear engaging tooth can realize that " servo-actuated echos, drifts with the tide " formula virtual connection touches motion; So when because the space is provided with factor when causing the control final transmission rotation direction of Transmitted chains and Worm and Worm Gear Driving direction inharmonious as long as change worm and worm gear tooth Shape Design rotation direction can be dealt with problems, as Fig. 2,3,4, be depicted as the dextrorotation mode, Fig. 5,5.1,5.2 is left-handed (Fig. 5 .2 is the right view principle figure of Fig. 5---dwindle figure).Unidirectional coupling determines the break-make direction of Quality Initiative transmitting movement, is determining the clutch direction of clutch.When input shaft during towards the rotation of the transmission direction of unidirectional coupling, Quality Initiative conducting, clutch is in and surmounts state; When input shaft rotated towards the partition direction of unidirectional coupling, Quality Initiative disconnected, and clutch is in the self-locking jointing state.Can be in the design according to the required definite clutch direction of actual conditions, can be flexible and changeable as for the specific design of control Transmitted chains, relevant portion (Figure 10) can vide infra.

The matching relationship of unidirectional coupling engagement facing and worm and worm gear mesh tooth face is determining the flow direction of power circuit, the working flank of worm and worm gear (as a position flank of tooth among Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is in normal near state, and non-working flank (as the b position flank of tooth among Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is in often away from state; Equally, the work facing of unidirectional coupling (as c position facing among Fig. 5) is in normal near state, and inoperative facing (as d position facing among Fig. 5) is in often away from state (referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5).Its runnability is: surmount to when rotation worm gear with before the worm meshing just do not affect unidirectional coupling work earlier, the rotation of variety of priority driven worm tooth-surface, so, do not chase after the worm screw non-working flank all the time surmounting attitude worm gear non-working flank, be in " drifting with the tide " formula idling conditions.These characteristics are determinant factors that structure free wheel device power circuit flows to! Can design more overrunning clutch and other power circuits guiding guiding device according to this guide of theory.That is: contact stress decision power circuit flows to.During the work of clutch self-locking attitude, power circuit is along flowing between the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face, and power circuit then is just to be cut off when the control Transmitted chains is transferred to worm screw when surmounting attitude, because the synchronous rotation of worm screw, worm gear can not carry out the power transmission with worm meshing always, surmounts the idle running attitude so be in.

When being in operating conditions, all parts of this clutch inside all are in relative static conditions, there is not any slip to each other, this moment can be considered input shaft and clutch integral body is the state of connecting firmly, so each kinematic pair of clutch can use sliding bearing (to comprise: the also available sliding bearing of control Transmitted chains bearing) to improve bearing capacity, simplified structure, reduced volume, to reduce cost; And surmounting attitude, and each parts is a unloaded state, does not carry main power, its idle running resistance square (surmounting attitude resistance square) is very little, and does not have slide relative.Obvious: main power circuit load bearing element has only worm and worm gear, and remaining parts is control piece, is only surmounting attitude work, as the transmission part of controlled motion chain, only transmit idle running resistance square, belong to no load movement, and it is very little to wear and tear, thus stamping part manufacturings such as available frivolous material, also available non-metal part manufacturing.

For free wheel device, for improving ride quality, should reduce the velocity ratio between worm and worm gear as far as possible, to reduce the speed discrepancy between worm and worm gear, scheme has: (1) increases the friction factor between the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face as far as possible, with not changing increase worm screw angle of lead on the latching characteristics basis, reduce the velocity ratio of worm and worm gear, and then reduce the velocity ratio of Quality Initiative; (2) increase the worm screw diameter, reduce the worm gear diameter, reduce Worm and Worm Gear Driving on the worm screw angle of lead basis than (as Fig. 5 .1) not changing, but need suitably when the worm screw diameter is too big, will increase the carrying capacity of Quality Initiative the reduction responsiveness.

For existence skid controlling type clutch, the speed changer of half clutching operation, in order to reduce the friction of the worm and worm gear flank of tooth, should reduce the friction factor (comprising that modes such as adopting low coefficient of friction material, employing low-friction lubrication mode and rolling friction reduce friction factor) of the worm and worm gear flank of tooth as far as possible, but do not change in order to ensure latching characteristics, then need reduce the worm screw angle of lead.In the rolling worm and worm gear structure as shown in figure 15, can be used for this design when having one-way self-locking when the worm screw angle of lead is little.

After carrying out the Mechanism Optimization design, its compact overall structure, barycenter is even, without acceptance of persons inertia, for the small-power occasion, for reducing cost, can be only worm screw be set monolateral, but participate in the type that rotatablely moves for the worm screw parts,, can add counterweight and carry out the dynamic balancing processing in order to operate steadily.Be to increase bearing capacity, worm screw quantity can reach four or more (as shown in Figure 5), and one increases bearing capacity; Two increase surface of contact, reduce wear extent; Moreover improve mass distribution, and make the quality of whole clutch evenly distribute, have better stationarity, not only have fabulous dynamic balance, also have fabulous static balancing characteristic!

Adopt the toroid helicoids worm structure can improve bearing capacity greatly.

Annotate: the unidirectional coupling among Fig. 5, central gear are only drawn for expressive space position and partial structurtes; The mutual joining relation of its mechanism can be referring to the right elevation 5.2 that dwindles.

Annotate: Quality Initiative structural type can be restricted to one pattern, and takes multiple mode (referring to Figure 10 relevant portion), as long as reach controlling torque is delivered to worm screw synchronously, makes worm screw realize that rotation gets final product synchronously.

Drive bevel gear 12 can be arranged on the either side of worm screw, be illustrated in figure 5 as: bevel gear is located at the heteropleural situation of self-locking attitude worm shaft to bearing end (that is: installed thrust radial combination bearing 14 1 ends), like this when the self-locking attitude is transmitted main power, worm screw makes Quality Initiative bevel gear 12,13 produce away from trend under worm-gear driven, avoided the possible factor of loading transfer to the bevel gear, thus protection control Transmitted chains; Because the load of this control transmission system is very little, only worm screw itself can be driven to get up to get final product, so available micro-dimension micromation design, and available sliding bearing (even material such as nonmetal, can reduce quality, rotary inertia), dwindle spatial volume, simplified design reduces cost.Worm shaft is very big to the bearing load of bearing end one side during the self-locking attitude, so must consider Intensity Design herein, takes radial thrust combination bearing 14 to increase bearing strength (also available omnidirectional's bearing hereinafter) as figure.Bevel gear 12 also could be located at self-locking attitude worm shaft to the bearing end, helps producing micro-axial motion at the driving force that is utilized 12,13 of bevel gears by the self-locking attitude when surmounting the attitude transition like this and eliminates worm screw (that is: the micro-axial thrust load of generation is just in time removed the axial damping of worm screw in the axial compression phenomenon of self-locking carrying attitude! ), make the startup load of Quality Initiative driving worm screw littler, folding characteristic, responsiveness are strengthened! Above-mentioned factor is little factor, does not influence overall situation, and in the actual conditions, concrete structures such as visible space condition are determined the orientation that is provided with of drive bevel gear 12, make space layout more reasonable, compact!

Worm and worm gear working flank gap, unidirectional coupling work facing gap are more little, and sliding corner is more little, and responsiveness is strong more; In addition: the worm gear diameter is big more, and sliding corner is more little under the prerequisite of same machining accuracy.

Because worm and worm gear are under static state to transmit main power, do not transmit main power and motion state is next, be in " surmounting state ", so the profile of tooth of worm and worm gear engaging tooth need not to design like that to worm gear reducer, can take to simplify the variation mode designs, in order to increase bearing capacity, also can take the toroid helicoids worm mode to design, or increase worm screw quantity.For mono-directional overrun clutch, the profile of tooth of worm and worm gear has only one side to be working flank, another side is normal separated state, that is: non-working flank, so, the flank of tooth of this side could design not according to standard tooth form the machining accuracy no requirement (NR), increases profile of tooth intensity under the movement interference prerequisite as far as possible as long as reach not producing! As shown in Figure 5, and working flank also is quiet Contact Transmission, does not have slide relative in the work, thus can be designed to the face Contact Transmission as far as possible,, to increase bearing capacity! A life-saving!

The unidirectional coupling working mechanism: work facing one side is tightly fitted, opposing opposite side inoperative facing is gap big (analysis diagram is seen Fig. 5) then, this gap amount design principle is: when the self-locking attitude, the unidirectional coupling counterrotating, work facing gap increases, inoperative facing gap reduces, this inoperative facing gap value worm and worm gear working flank before being reduced to contact preferentially meshes, cause the inoperative facing not mesh and make Quality Initiative cutout, worm screw the rotation synchronously but worm and worm gear system enters self-locking state.On the contrary: when surmounting the attitude running, before the worm and worm gear non-working flank does not mesh then unidirectional coupling work facing preferentially mesh and drive worm screw and rotate synchronously, cause worm and worm gear can not enter engagement, in other words: the non-working flank of worm gear does not chase after worm tooth-surface all the time, surmounts the idle running attitude so worm gear is in.

This unidirectional coupling can be reequiped with existing multiple coupling, clutch, (typical case can referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 9), design principle: when a direction is rotated, drive driven shaft as long as reach, big gap is arranged during the other direction rotation, and this gap amount is according to " unidirectional coupling facing gap value design principle " design of the preceding paragraph.

For reducing the synchronous angular velocity of rotation of worm screw, also promptly: for reducing the Worm and Worm Gear Driving ratio, reduce the Quality Initiative velocity ratio, reduce the worm over run rotating speed, raise the efficiency, can under the prerequisite that does not change the worm screw angle of lead, increase the worm screw diameter, reduce the worm gear diameter, this will help increasing the surface of contact of worm and worm gear simultaneously, improve bearing capacity! Annotate: as long as the angle of lead of worm and worm gear is constant, even the worm screw diameter is greater than worm gear, its self-locking direction still can not change, to reduce the speed discrepancy of worm and worm gear this moment greatly, but: the worm screw rotary inertia of this moment is very big, will increase load, the power consumption of Quality Initiative, and increase surmounts idle stroke resistance square, reduce responsiveness, so should reduce quality, the rotary inertia of worm screw as far as possible.For increasing bearing capacity, also can strengthen the worm screw diameter, thickening worm gear axial dimension obtains big face contact.(seeing Fig. 5 .1)

General occasion cylindrical worm gearing transmission; The heavy duty occasion is with toroid helicoids worm transmission (because during work slide relative not, so no heat dissipation problem); Extraordinary occasion can be with Procedure for Spiroid Gearing and extraordinary self-locking mechanism (vide infra).

In some high-accuracy occasion, in order further to reduce reverse idle stroke (sliding corner), can take input torque is imported this free wheel device again after speeder amplifies the angle of rotation displacement, be equivalent to employing " precision amplification " principle, can reach high overdrive clutch effect! In addition: take between unidirectional coupling work facing pad add elastic compression compensation device mode also can reach eliminate reverse idle stroke effect (vide infra---Fig. 9).

Fig. 6: worm screw one control type scheme

For simplified design, reduce amount of parts, for many worm screws design proposal, also can take worm screw one control type scheme, all worm screw rotating shafts are coupled together by modes such as space gear transmission group 19 or wire soft shafts 21, make all worm screws have synchronous revolving property, like this, only need the control Transmitted chains is connected with one of them worm shaft and get final product! To note the dynamic balancing design of housing in addition.

The design guidance criterion of mono-directional overrun clutch:

Generally speaking, as long as reach, the work facing of the working flank of worm and worm gear and unidirectional coupling synchronously " being critical " get final product, that is: the work facing Contact Transmission attitude of unidirectional coupling just in time is the void engagement attitude (empty engagement attitude---contact condition or the virtual connection of minute-pressure power soon touched state, microgap mated condition, critical virtual connection and touched state) of the working flank of worm and worm gear.This microgap use level is by processing, assembly precision decision, and precision is high more, and gap value is more little, that is: sliding corner is more little.

General design principles is: under the normal state, the work facing of worm and worm gear working flank, unidirectional coupling all should be in contact soon or state is touched in the zero pressure virtual connection,

In high-accuracy occasion, for reaching the strict reverse idle stroke of clutch (in other words: sliding corner is equalled zero) of eliminating, can between unidirectional coupling active tooth and driven tooth, install loaded spring (or bullet pad) additional, the existence of spring precompressed amount makes the worm and worm gear working flank often contact, also promptly: spring makes the worm and worm gear working flank always be in the engagement impaction state, eliminates counter-rotating idle stroke purpose to reach.But pre-pressure of the spring needn't be very big, makes the worm and worm gear working flank often be in the contact engagement as long as play! To cause the working flank impacting force of worm and worm gear bigger when pre-pressure of the spring is too big, particularly when surmounting state, the worm and worm gear flank of tooth has slide relative, too big precompression will cause worm screw tightly to follow the worm gear operation, and tightly break-in, have than galling, this surface friction drag also can cause when big and surmount the increase of idle running resistance square, that is: surmount idle running and must overcome this friction, so: for reducing these wearing and tearing and idle running resistance square, Ying Zaineng makes worm and worm gear keep reducing pre-pressure of the spring as far as possible under the normal contact impaction state prerequisite.In general occasion, increase pre-stage clip the machining accuracy of worm and worm gear is reduced, that is: adapt to the processing undulate quantity of each flank of tooth by the automatic compensating effect of elastic floating, reduce precision conditions.In addition, the automatic compensating effect of this elastic floating also can be eliminated the wear extent of the flank of tooth automatically, increases the service life.In addition, increase the transmission facing contact stress that the bullet pad also can reduce coupling, reduce impact noise! The elasticity coefficient of spring, natural frequency should be selected suitably, to increase responsiveness!

Attention: the free travel amount at unidirectional coupling place (play amount---the free travel amount that the work facing is changed to the engagement attitude by relaxation state) is less than the worm and worm gear working flank to adjacent non-working flank gap value, with prevent to produce surmount the attitude locking phenomenon (surmount the attitude locking phenomenon---when surmounting the direction rotation, the worm and worm gear non-working flank meshes, but the work facing of unidirectional coupling does not also mesh and enters transmission, this moment, worm screw can not be driven synchronous rotation, so generation self-locking, this will cause failure mechanisms, will definitely avoid this phenomenon to take place in the design.

Fig. 7: free wheel device erection drawing () Fig. 8: free wheel device erection drawing (two)

Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are two kinds of structure erection drawings of free wheel device, its basic structure and preamble (can referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 5) be roughly the same, difference is to control the design of Transmitted chains unidirectional coupling, this is simple in structure light and handy, relies on unidirectional driving pin device to realize unidirectional transmission between worm gear and central gear.

Among Fig. 7: driving pin 23 is connected with worm gear, corresponding position opening one-way draw pin openings 24 on central gear 10, as shown in the figure, when input shaft when the direction of arrow is rotated, driving pin can not rotate by the centre of pull gear, and the control Transmitted chains is in the partition state, clutch self-locking transmitted power; When input shaft during along the arrow counter-rotation, the rotation of driving pin centre of pull gear, the control Transmitted chains is on state, and clutch enters and surmounts state.

Annotate: A-A is to analysing and observe only at casing, clearly to represent each part installation situation.

Shown in the figure be: the toroid helicoids worm type, also available straight-tooth worm screw type replaces.The stamping part that the Quality Initiative element can be made with stamping process.

The radial position size of this driving pin 23 is big more, technology, cooperation, installation precision is required low more, and transmission accuracy is high more.

This structure type cost is low, transmit main power circuit parts worm gear, housing can take monolateral bearing matching relationship assembling (as shown in the figure: take at the one-sided input shaft that is provided with of worm gear, and with housing by monolateral bearing assembling), reduce cost; And the Quality Initiative element can be taked frivolous material impact briquetting especially; Main power circuit driving component, control Transmitted chains element all can monolaterally be provided with the bearing matching relationship, and assembling and setting is convenient and simple; Certainly, between worm gear and the housing, control Transmitted chains element also can be taked bilateral bearing assembling (is bilateral axle as worm gear among Fig. 8 .2); Input shaft also can be taked hole assembling Placement, and as opening pilot hole in the worm gear center, the input shaft 4 of this moment is-be with the center pilot hole of keyway; In like manner, also can take on housing, to be provided with output shaft 3 (as Fig. 7 .1).

As the driving pin on the worm gear 23 surface being coated elastic materials (as: overlap a rubber pipe or simply replace) with rubber rod, then can reach elastic compensating and compress effect, reverse idle stroke (sliding corner) is equalled zero.

Fig. 8 only is that with Fig. 7 difference the design of unidirectional transmission between worm gear 2 and the central gear 10 is different, and among Fig. 8 .1: driving pin 23 is connected with central gear, and at worm gear 2 corresponding position opening one-way traction grooveds 26, performance characteristic is identical with Fig. 7.Among Fig. 8 .2, unidirectional driving key mode realizes unidirectional transmission between worm gear and the central gear, Fig. 8 .2.1 is the partial sectional view of central gear wheel hub, worm wheel shaft and driving key, A, B, C figure represent three kinds of unidirectional kinds of drive respectively: driving key 28 is connected with central gear wheel hub (containing keyway) 30 among the A figure, have on the worm wheel shaft 31 and contain the unidirectional draft arm key slot of clearance type, to realize unidirectional transmission; Driving key 28 is connected with worm wheel shaft (containing keyway) 27 among the B figure, has on the central gear wheel hub 29 to contain the unidirectional draft arm key slot of clearance type, to realize unidirectional transmission; C figure is similar with the B graph structure, and difference is that C figure takes two key symmetric mode designs, and the transmission stressed effect is good.Annotate: driving key, driving pin quantity are at least one, also can be a plurality of.

Fig. 9: unidirectional coupling series

---gap spline type unidirectional coupling, key transmission unidirectional coupling, castellated unidirectional coupling, chuck unidirectional coupling

Fig. 9 .1 is several structures of unidirectional coupling (can referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 8 .2.1)

Gap spline type unidirectional coupling: combined by protruding tooth driving end, groove driving end, the big Spielpassung type of similar spline structure is as A, B figure among Fig. 9 .1; Key transmission unidirectional coupling: as C, D figure among Fig. 9 .1, Fig. 8 .2.1;

Fig. 9 .2 is for increasing the unidirectional coupling schematic representation of bullet pad.

Fig. 9 .3 is depicted as castellated unidirectional coupling: all be made up of the half-coupling of protruding tooth and groove two end faces, and one of them half-coupling work facing is with bullet pad (the bullet pad being arranged as right half-coupling 34 facings among the figure), A figure is this castellated unidirectional coupling plan view among Fig. 9 .3.1, B figure is that two half-coupling facings are inlayed the joint phase diagram mutually, as shown in the figure, the protruding tooth both sides of two half-couplings are drive fit not, but big gap is arranged in inoperative facing one side, work facing (C place) contact (or close), inoperative facing (d place) away from, to realize the unidirectional transmission of short distance.Fig. 9 .3.2 is left and right two half-coupling component diagram.

Fig. 9 .4: the chuck unidirectional coupling, be with Fig. 9 .3 difference: right half-coupling is a sector structure, cooperates the back more compact structure with left half-coupling, axial dimension reduces.

Annotate: the bullet pad can be elastic floating devices such as nonrigid material cushions such as rubber pad, or spring.Spring (or bullet pad) is added between the active work facing and follower lever work facing of unidirectional coupling.Unidirectional coupling can be arranged on worm screw to the arbitrary place between the input shaft.

Because unidirectional coupling only transmits idling torque, power is very little, so can be the skilful structure of very light weight, to reduce rotary inertia, tooth quantity also can be 1 ~ 2, in addition, as C, D figure among Fig. 9 .1, can reduce cost for key is connected with the keyway mode shown in Fig. 8 .2.1.Can make unidirectional coupling and control Transmitted chains related elements with stamping part or moulding in light-duty occasion.

The effect that adds cushion in unidirectional coupling is the deficiency that remedies accuracy of manufacturing, reduce or eliminate reverse idle stroke, but its negative effect is to make the worm and worm gear flank of tooth produce certain friction, make the worm and worm gear working flank often contact (comprise and surmount attitude), make reverse idle stroke minimum under the prerequisite so desire to make when surmounting attitude the flank of tooth not contact, then should take positive drive, because positive drive precision height, responsiveness is strong, taking to play dig pass, moving then response type is poor slightly, lag behind owing to the inertial force pressure spring makes transmission (so need use big rigid spring or positive drive in high speed situation) can appear when reciprocating frequence is higher, certainly, reach null pair of boundary of idle stroke by force if on the contact gap basis of positive drive, add spring again then can reach responsiveness.So, when the manufacturing machining accuracy is very high, should take the rigidity unidirectional coupling; Worm and worm gear do not contact when idle running like this, and resistance is little, and it is little to wear and tear! But in order to reduce to make machining accuracy, to reduce assembly precision requirement and effect of attrition, and idle stroke is equalled zero, can take to add the cushion structure, worm and worm gear have contact friction force when surmounting the idle running attitude like this, have trace wearing and tearing and idle running resistance square.

Figure 10: free wheel device control Transmitted chains series

The control Transmitted chains of free wheel device can arbitrarily design, the purport purpose reaches and power controlling stream is incorporated into worm screw rotating shaft traction worm screw synchronously realizes that rotation gets final product synchronously, unidirectional coupling wherein can be arranged on worm screw to the arbitrary place between the input shaft, make the control Transmitted chains have unidirectional drive characteristic and get final product (, also can directly introduce---genus open loop power current control type) from the external world as any place behind the input shaft, before the worm screw in the scope.This figure is depicted as free wheel device control Transmitted chains series for example.

Because the power of Quality Initiative is very little, only is used for transmitting movement, and is unimportant to transmission efficiency, thus available flexible axle transmission, rigidity, flexible drive (as having taked flexible synchronous band drive mechanism among Figure 10 .3) such as band transmission.

Figure 10 .1,10.2 has adopted flexible axle (as: wire soft shaft) and the unidirectional fast coupling 36 (being exactly that a compactness unidirectional joined fast Transmitted chains in fact) of joining to form unidirectional control Transmitted chains, structure is greatly simplified, increase the bevel gear drive group among Figure 10 .2, shorten the transmission distance of flexible axle, improved transmission efficiency.

Annotate: the self-locking mode mechanism of all the other types also all can take this flexible axle to come the closed power chain, can simplify the internal structure of an organization greatly.

The motion of adopting basic mechanical drive mode to carry out the controlled motion chain among Figure 10 .3, Figure 10 .4,10.5 is connected, realize space conversion, the velocity ratio conversion of motion, and realize unidirectional transmission agency, the unidirectional just equivalent comprehensive function of finishing of joining fast coupling and driving snake by unidirectional coupling.

Adopted non-self locking type worm and worm gear as the control Transmitted chains among Figure 10 .6, this moment, worm and worm gear belonged to the transmitting movement type, can not consider the transmission efficiency problem, this designs simplification the control Transmitted chains, cancelled bevel gear drive, reduced number of elements,, also can take the rolling way of contact of Figure 15 in order to improve transmission efficiency.

Figure 11: internal tooth worm and worm gear free wheel device schematic representation

This figure discloses a kind of internal gear type worm and worm gear, not only can be used for this free wheel device (this moment internal gear type worm and worm gear have self-locking performance) design, also can be used for the retarder design, and it is big to have a velocity ratio, characteristics such as compact structure.

The working principle of this clutch is similar to preamble external tooth type worm and worm gear free wheel device type, and difference is worm and worm gear, by: internal tooth worm gear 45, drum surface-worm 46, worm screw assembly matrix dish 47 etc. are formed.

Figure 11 .1 is: internal tooth worm and worm gear free wheel device schematic diagram of mechanism; Figure 11 .2 is an internal tooth worm and worm gear engaging tooth shape schematic representation

Annotate: input shaft, output shaft can be used mutually, and for the input occasion that is input as non-uniform movement (as reciprocal rotation), generally getting the little end of rotary inertia is input shaft.The performance characteristic of free wheel device makes it to the almost no requirement (NR) of cog machining precision, and is especially lower to the cog machining required precision in the small-power occasion.

Figure 12: rolling self-adaptive type free wheel device () Figure 13: rolling self-adaptive type free wheel device (two)

Figure 14: slip self-adaptive type free wheel device Figure 15: sound friction dish-type free wheel device

Figure 16: self-adaptive type disc type rolling worm and worm gear free wheel device Figure 17: self-adaptive type phase-splitting design and control type analogy analysis figure

Figure 18: rolling self-adaptive type phase-splitting project organization figure Figure 19: self-adaptive type internal tooth worm and worm gear free wheel device

Self-adaptive type free wheel device (having another name called: one-sided self locking type, two lateral tooth flank lockout feature inequality type free wheel devicees), its working principle is referring to the preamble theory part.

Realize the different technical measures of both sides drive characteristic: (1) is by the friction factor difference of two lateral tooth flanks---can realize by material difference or processing roughness difference; (2) the one-sided rolling kind of drive (as: add and surmount roller 51) is set; (3) different lubrication effects processing and the design of different lead angle are carried out in phase-splitting: (4) set up auxiliary device technology such as (as: dynamic and static friction disks 55,56) to non-self locking type worm and worm gear between worm shaft, above-mentioned measure can take simultaneously wherein one or more all can, as long as reach the different mono-directional overrun clutch functions of realizing of positive and reverse return veer lockout feature.

Figure 12 shows that the typical one-sided rolling transmission scheme that is provided with, in order to have extremely easily from the release effect surmounting attitude, the most handy rolling bearing of constraint bearing of worm screw rotating shaft place, and need satisfy reliable self-locking when the self-locking attitude, and carry big axial load, so the most handy omnidirectional bearing (as Figure 12 .1) is perhaps used radial thrust combination bearing 14 (the most handy rolling type).Also available angle contact bearing (as Figure 12 .2).

Because transmitted power occurs in the self-locking attitude, surmount not transmitted power of attitude, so only need worm gear self-locking working flank 48 is strengthened design, surmounting roller 51 design strengths on the worm gear then needn't be very big, surmounts the roller and the roller diameter of axle and can compactly design (as Figure 12 .1).This surmounts the also available sliding bearing of roller bearing.

In like manner: self-adaptive type also can be taked at worm screw one lateral tooth flank tourelle to be set, as: add circulation alley formula tourelle, contact realization rolling Contact Transmission with the one flank of tooth of worm gear by circulation alley formula rolling contact or fixed idler whell, reach two lateral tooth flank lockout feature inequality characteristics, realize overdrive clutch (as Figure 13).

Figure 14 is common worm and worm gear self-adaptive type, hour can take common slide teeth surface-worm worm gear arrangement type at power, and realize one-sided self-locking by both sides gear tooth friction coefficient difference this moment, and a side self-locking transmitted power, opposite side skid and surmount idle running.

Concrete measure is: the flank of tooth two layers of material or the material adhesive layer difference of (1) worm and worm gear both or the two one, bring up both sides mesh tooth face coefficient of sliding friction difference, and realize one-sided self-locking; (2) by two lateral tooth flanks processing roughness difference is realized coefficient of sliding friction difference; (3) difference by lubrication effect realizes one-sided self-locking (a side lubricating oil filling system a, side adds the traction system or do not deal with, and is the dry friction transmission).

This mode reliability is relatively poor, can increase dynamic and

static friction disk

55,56 auxiliary devices and improve reliability.

This type of device also can be taked angle of lead to be strengthened or reduce the friction factor mode, makes worm and worm gear two lateral tooth flanks all enter non-self-locking state, adds dynamic and static friction disk device at the corresponding worm screw end that requires the self-locking rotation direction then and realizes one-sided self-locking.

Figure 15: sound friction dish-type free wheel device

In this scheme: the two-way all not self-lockings of rolling type worm and worm gear itself, one-sided self-locking effect is realized by the dynamic and static friction disk that is contained in the worm shaft position.

The working method that realizes one-sided self-locking by dynamic and static friction disk needs certain axial internal clearance, so should not use omnidirectional's bearing, because the thrust load of self-locking operating conditions is born by the sound friction disk, do not transmit main power and surmount attitude, so the axial carrying capacity of bearing is not had big requirement, takes common rolling bearing as shown in the figure.This dynamic and static friction disk gap free movement/play should be less than the ball axial internal clearance, preferentially compresses to touch and closes to reach when the self-locking attitude friction disk contact earlier, and fully locking all affacts whole impacting forces on the friction disk.Dynamic and static friction disk place frictional force is big (frictional force increases with pressure, and proportional) enough, determines transmitted power size (or determining to skid limit value) herein

Moving about in the both sides of self-adaptive type, more little (comprising: the clutch gap stroke of worm and worm gear engaging tooth play and each pair clearance surplus, sound friction disk), oppositely idle stroke (sliding corner) is more little, and the clutch precision is high more in the space!

Figure 16: self-adaptive type disc type rolling worm and worm gear free wheel device,

This mechanism is identical with working principle among Figure 12, when surmounting the attitude operation by surmounting roller 51 and worm screw Contact Transmission; During inverted running, self-locking working flank 58 and worm meshing, mechanism's self-locking transmitted power.Then belonging to additional device as for dynamic and static friction disk device, only is further to promote reliability.

Figure 17: self-adaptive type phase-splitting design and control type analogy analysis figure

Figure 18: phase-splitting design of rolling self-adaptive type and control type analogy analysis figure

Figure 17 .1: schematic diagram of mechanism; Figure 17 .2: profile of tooth mesh analysis figure (section partly is worm gear profile of tooth position)

By Figure 14 type analysis, in order to realize the lockout feature difference of two lateral tooth flanks, can take different technologies to handle to two lateral tooth flanks, to realize one-sided self-locking, when the one-sided flank of tooth being taked lubrication technology handle, for fear of extending influence mutually of lubricant oil, can be with two lateral tooth flank separate design, that is: a worm and worm gear is divided into two-phase, and in every phase worm mechanism only with a lateral tooth flank job, can well carry out different lubricated to each worm and worm gear like this, this scheme also helps and makes different worm mechanisms be designed to the different lead angle, is more convenient for changing the lockout feature relation on the both direction.

As shown in figure 17: adopted self-locking performance worm and worm gear and non-self-locking performance worm and worm gear Combination Design, self-locking performance worm screw teeth 60 are near state with the working flank of self-locking performance worm gear teeth 61, and corresponding non-working flank is in away from state; Non-self-locking performance worm gear teeth 62 are near state with the working flank of non-self-locking performance worm screw teeth 63, and non-working flank is in away from state; When input shaft when the direction of arrow is rotated, self-locking performance worm screw teeth 60 enter engagement with the working flank of self-locking performance worm gear teeth 61, so mechanism's self-locking; When input shaft during along the arrow counter-rotation, self-locking performance worm screw teeth 60 produce separation trend with the working flank of self-locking performance worm gear teeth 61, at this moment, non-self-locking performance worm gear teeth 62 enter engagement with the working flank of non-self-locking performance worm screw teeth 63, because this phase worm and worm gear is not had a self-locking performance, rotate output control kinetic currents so drive worm screw 44, and finish release through 74 traction worm screws 1 rotations synchronously of gear transmission group, mechanism is in and surmounts run mode.

Figure 18 and Figure 17 difference is: replaced the non-irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of sliding type with the non-irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of rolling type, its be functionally equivalent to in the rolling worm gear among Figure 12 surmount roller 51, worm gear self-locking working surface 48 separates settings.Its working flank arrangement relation and Figure 17 .2 equivalence, that is: rolling type worm gear roller 57 contacts with non-self-locking performance worm screw working flank, away from non-working flank, to construct unidirectional transmission effect of unidirectional coupling and one-sided self-locking effect.

Obvious: after this self-adaptive type mechanism phase-splitting processing, this device just develops and is control type, the non-self-locking performance worm and worm gear of this moment has served as grain system chain function, gear transmission group 74 among the figure is formed the control Transmitted chains with non-self locking type worm mechanism, separately two-phase to each other working flank and the engaging tooth shape layout feature of non-working flank constructed unidirectional Transmitted chains function, having had the unidirectional coupling function concurrently (is exactly the function of having served as unidirectional coupling as the engaging tooth shape layout design among Figure 17 .2 in fact, in fact.), compare with Figure 10 .6, cancelled unidirectional coupling, simplified design.

Relatively get by similarity analysis self-adaptive type and control type:---self-adaptive type then develops through the phase-splitting design and is control type, so the two is unified, self-adaptive type can be considered special control type, in other words: ultrashort anomaly Quality Initiative control type.

Figure 19: self-adaptive type internal tooth worm and worm gear free wheel device

This figure discloses an inner tooth type rolling worm and worm gear (can contrast with preamble Figure 11 sliding-type internal tooth worm and worm gear): by forming inner tooth type rolling worm gear to radial distribution in the rolling type worm gear roller 57, with non-self-locking performance drum surface-worm 64 engagement driving, form non-self locking type driving mechanism.Surmount not self-locking of mechanism when rotation, worm and worm gear rotate synchronously, are underloading rolling Contact Transmission to each other; During counter-rotating, worm gear pushes worm screw left under opposing torque, causes dynamic and static friction plate to touch and closes, and plays reverse self-locking action.This inner tooth type rolling worm and worm gear also can be realized single roll type auto-lock function by reducing angle of lead.

This figure is the applicating example of internal tooth engagement type worm and worm gear in the self-adaptive type free wheel device, and all the self-adaptive type free wheel device types among Figure 12-18 all can be converted into the internal tooth driving type by this inner tooth type rolling Worm gear mechanism.Can be referring to the preamble related content.

Annotate: worm tooth-surface is not represented concrete true form for the signal legend.

Other self locking type mechanism application in the controlling type clutch:

All have all available all worm and worm gear design principle design correlation type clutches according to preamble of mechanism of latching characteristics.As: the mechanism that (1) has one-way self-locking can design the controlling type clutch by " control mode " guideline; (2) also can design the self-adaptive type clutch according to " adaptivity " principles of construction " one-sided self-locking "; (3) mechanism with non-self-locking performance then can realize that one-sided self-locking designs by increasing dynamic and static friction disk.

Provide the mechanism that several classes have latching characteristics as Figure 20,21,22, all can be with reference to preamble worm and worm gear design principle design all kinds clutch.Replace worm screw with main latch fitting corresponding among the following figure, replaced worm gear can design corresponding various clutches by latch fitting.

Figure 20: the Figure 21 of crossed helical gears mechanism: constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism

Be as shown in figure 20: crossed helical gears mechanism, use: criss-crossing helical gear type generally speaking

Be respectively as Figure 20 .1,20.2 that the helical gear master of two criss-crossings looks, left view, as seen from the figure: main latch fitting gear 66 helix angles are big, little by the helix angle of latch fitting gear 65, and the angle of lead of main latch fitting gear 66 is less than equivalent friction angle between two flank of tooth, so: when main latch fitting gear 66 during as driving link, not self-locking of mechanism; By latch fitting gear 65 during as driving link, mechanism's self-locking.

This mechanism is the same with the worm and worm gear principle, only be equivalent to and strengthened the worm screw diameter, velocity ratio is reduced, this will help reducing to control the Transmitted chains velocity ratio when design controlling type clutch, improve transmission efficiency, but this will make volume increase, and structural compactness reduces, because the power of Quality Initiative is very little, only affect worm screw rotation get final product, so it doesn't matter efficient just, so can take Figure 20 .2 type; In fact: when main latch fitting gear 66 radiuses reduced, this mechanism just developed and is typical worm and worm gear, so this type of clutch mechanism design is very similar with worm and worm gear.Can directly indiscriminately imitate design.

Figure 21: constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism Figure 21 .1: unidirectional self-lock type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism

Figure 21 .2: one-sided self locking type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism Figure 21 .3: rolling type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism

Disclose a kind of novel " constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism " among Figure 21, form by " constant velocity spiral fluted disc 67 " and " cambered surface gear 68 "; Constant velocity spiral fluted disc 67 panel surface are provided with " constant velocity spiral teeth 69 ", as its name suggests, the teeth tooth curve is for being the constant velocity spiral at center with the disk axis, and be the cambered surface teeth 70 of corresponding curvature on the circumference cylinder of cambered surface gear 68, its profile of tooth engagement situation (double dot dash line partly is constant velocity spiral fluted disc, constant velocity spiral teeth position) shown in plan view, when constant velocity spiral fluted disc 67 when axis at the uniform velocity rotates, cambered surface gear 68 will be exported uniform motion.Design the constant velocity spiral curvature distribution as required, can obtain the structure type of different drive ratios and variable locking characteristic.

Obvious, for the structure type with self-locking performance, the main latch fitting cambered surface gear 68 replacement worm screws with correspondence are replaced worm gears can design various clutches by latch fitting constant velocity spiral fluted disc 67.

Figure 21 .2 is one-sided self locking type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism, is provided with on the lateral tooth flank of cambered surface teeth 70 to surmount roller 51, to reach one-sided rolling transmission effect, realizes one-sided auto-lock function.The type clutch can be answered from living with reference to the design of correlograms such as preamble Figure 12 by this type of mechanism.

Replaced with the rolling worm gear among Figure 15 by latch fitting cambered surface gear among Figure 21 .3, constitute rolling type constant velocity spiral fluted disc mechanism, lean against on the circumference on the radially-arranged worm gear roller 57 and main latch fitting constant velocity spiral teeth 70 and carry out engagement driving, have the non-latching characteristics of flank of tooth bilateral.Can realize one-sided self-locking (referring to the preamble related content) by increasing dynamic and static friction disk

Annotate: constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism belongs to a novel transmission mechanism, can be used for other transmission design and applications.

In addition: " spiroid " driving mechanism with latching characteristics is equally applicable to design all kinds of clutches in this patent, as: replace common worm screw can design corresponding various clutches with spiroid, be used for special occasions.

Annotate: " anomaly worm and worm gear " with " common worm and worm gear " as long as interchangeable use when possessing identical characteristics (refering in particular to: latching characteristics, non-latching characteristics).

The anomaly worm mechanism---refer generally to the rolling type worm and worm gear, as: the roller radial radiation is distributed---rolling worm and worm gear (shown in Figure 15), roller parallel to an axis distributed---disc type rolling worm and worm gear (shown in Figure 16)

Figure 22: planetary gear train type free wheel device

This figure discloses the normal engaging mechanism of another kind of typical unidirectional self-lock---have 2K-H type positive sign planetary wheel mechanism, 3K type planetary gear train of self-locking performance etc.

Equally, this type of planetary gear train transmission efficiency with self-locking performance is very low, but surmounts state owing to it is operated in, be not used in transmitted power, the in-house self-locking attitude that is in is static relatively during transmitted power, be equivalent to the state of being connected, so can not influence system's foreign work efficient.

Figure 22 is a planetary gear train type free wheel device schematic diagram of mechanism, in order to operate steadily, takes two groups of planet wheel m2, m3, m2 ', m3 ' to be symmetrical arranged (Figure 22 .1 is seen in the latching characteristics analysis of 2K-H type positive sign planetary gear train).Join fast coupling 36 planet carrier H, gear m1 are coupled together by unidirectional, the teeth engagement characteristics of gear m1, m2 are referring to Figure 22 .2, and always working flank (as a position flank of tooth among Figure 22 .2) is approaching, non-working flank (as the b position flank of tooth among Figure 22 .2) away from; Equally, unidirectional unidirectional coupling work facing (as c position facing among Fig. 5) of joining in the fast coupling 36 is in normal near state, and inoperative facing (as d position facing among Fig. 5) is in often away from state.

Its runnability is: input shaft 4 along self-locking to when rotation, the working flank of gear m1, m2 preferentially meshes, and unidirectional unidirectional coupling inoperative facing of joining in the fast coupling 36 can not be meshed, join fast coupling and be in the partition state, mechanism's self-locking, input shaft, output shaft fuse and are in the transmitted power state; Input shaft 4 is along surmounting when rotating, unidirectionally before non-working flank does not mesh join fast coupling 36 and drive planet carrier H with regard to priority task and rotated, not self-locking of mechanism this moment, enter and surmount attitude, also promptly: the non-working flank of gear m1 chases after the non-working flank of the m2 that do not cog all the time when surmounting attitude, can't enter engagement, be in idling conditions.

Figure 22 .1 is the 2K-H type positive sign planetary wheel mechanism with latching characteristics, when planet carrier H not self-locking of mechanism during as driving link, gear m1 during as driving link mechanism self-locking takes place.

Obvious: the non-working flank that has gear in this mechanism does not equally contact, and the characteristics of working flank Static Contact transmitted power are so its tooth-formation of gear can be by nonstandard tooth Shape Design.But, attention: though contact points is quiet contact when work, but this contact points position is indefinite at random in different oscillation cycles, that is: the contact points of working flank may be the arbitrary place of flank profil of effectively working during static transmission, so, in order to guarantee minimum sliding corner and transmission accuracy, the profile of tooth of working flank is preferably pressed the standard tooth form design, certainly: material, precision, process treating require and could reduce, needn't be in strict accordance with the master gear process treating, to reduce cost as far as possible! As shown in Figure 22 .3, the working flank of gear (a position flank of tooth) different with the non-working flank profile of tooth (the b position flank of tooth).

In like manner: this mechanism also can be used for design: (1) controlling type speed changer (as Figure 23); (2) closed power Flow Control standard clutch, speed changer are as long as replace the unidirectional fast coupling 36 (referring to the preamble related content) of joining with controlling type clutch, speed changer; (3) open loop power Flow Control standard clutch, speed changer disconnect the connection of planet carrier H, gear m1, join fast coupling 36 and get final product (referring to the preamble related content) with a controller 8 replacements are unidirectional;

Figure 23: controlling type speed changer series schematic diagram of mechanism

As shown in figure 23: by the motion of a control stepless speed variator control worm screw, through worm gear differential gear train is introduced in this motion, move by differential gear train and main power circuit input end and to become the rotating speed output of output shaft after synthetic, regulate the worm screw rotating speed by stepless change control transmission ratio, can on output shaft, obtain big power variable speed output.That is: become the rotating speed output of output shaft after the input shaft motion is synthesized through differential gear train with the control end motion.Source according to power controlling stream is divided into: open loop power current control (as Figure 23 .1,23.2,23.4), closed power current control (as Figure 23 .5).

The motion combination mechanism of Figure 23 .1, Figure 23 .2 adopts differential gear train mechanism, and Figure 23 .2 and Figure 23 .1 difference are: Figure 23 .2 takes bevel gear drive group output power, has changed the transmission direction of input and output shaft.

Motion synthesizer among Figure 23 .4 adopts another topology layout type of planetary gear train, in order to move steadily, adopts among the figure to be symmetrical arranged two planetary gear set and two worm screws.

Figure 23 .5 is the closed power flow control type, carries out the circulating power current control at main power circuit input end introducing distributary mechanism and synthesizes.The unidirectional self-lock mechanism of this moment is the 2K-H type positive sign planetary wheel mechanism with self-locking performance.

The present technique key is: unilateral control system does not reflux power circuit, has unidirectional control characteristic.Mechanism with one-way self-locking all can be used for designing unidirectional control device, considers that the asynchronous operating time section of speed changer is far longer than clutch, and the probability that skids heightens, and for reducing wearing and tearing, uses the rolling self-locking mechanism as far as possible.As: the driving type irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of taking to roll (can be with reference to as Figure 15 mechanism, but condition is: the worm screw angle of lead be less than rolling worm and worm gear equivalent friction angle).

For slip self-locking type, when transmitted power is very big, the control force at worm screw place needs more high-power, and there is bigger slide relative wearing and tearing power consumption, because this moment, there was bigger engaging force at the worm and worm gear place, so certain power loss is arranged, but this loss and worm gear reducer equivalence, so can accept!

Annotate: input and output shaft can be changed use mutually, that is: input shaft also can be made output shaft, and output shaft also can be made input shaft.

Annotate: this mechanism freedom is 2, has three motion connecting ports, and is corresponding respectively; Power input end (input shaft), power circuit output terminal (output shaft), control gear connecting port (control gear motion output shaft), different efficacies is obtained in all interchangeable setting of this three's link position.All any mechanism with two degrees of freedom all can be used for the synthetic design of this motion, as: planet wheel series such as differential gear train.

Annotate: except that specifying, general planet wheel means non-self locking type.

Figure 23 .3 is control constraint formula transmission device

As shown in the figure: master axis 71 and unidirectional self-lock mechanism (among the figure being: worm and worm gear, also other self-locking mechanism) main latch fitting (worm screw) links to each other, and controlled shaft 72 is linked to each other by latch fitting (worm gear) with unidirectional self-lock mechanism.Be characterized in: master axis 71 clockwise or when rotating counterclockwise, controlled shaft 72 rotates with master axis, and the controlled shaft bidirectional locking can not freely rotate when the master axis stall.That is: moment of torsion can only be exported to controlled shaft by master axis, and can not be exported to master axis by controlled shaft.Left side figure is input, output shaft rotating speed phase homotype among this figure, and master axis, controlled shaft angular velocity of rotation equate that velocity ratio equals 1; Right figure is common worm and worm gear type; Be preferably: the single roll self-locking mechanism, to reduce friction.

Summary: worm mechanism, spiroid mechanism, anomaly worm mechanism, crossed helical gears mechanism, constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism, planetary wheel mechanism etc. all can be used for designing speed changer, clutch, free wheel device.

For free wheel device, when being in operating conditions, all parts of clutch inside all are in relative static conditions, do not have any slip to each other, and this moment can be considered input shaft and clutch integral body is the state of connecting firmly; And surmounting attitude, and each parts is a unloaded state, does not carry main power, its idle running resistance square (surmounting attitude resistance square) is very little, and does not have slide relative.So each kinematic pair of clutch can use sliding bearing.Comprise among Fig. 5: radial thrust combination bearing 14 adopts sliding type to get final product.And for existence skid controlling type clutch, the speed changer of half clutching operation, worm bearing can adopt omnidirectional's bearing, also available angle contact bearing (as Figure 12 .2).

(about omnidirectional's bearing technology, referring to relevant patent! )

The straight line type solenoidoperated cluthes: be divided into: (1) control type; (2) self-adaptive type: can realize the adaptivity clutch by constructing one-sided self-locking performance, principle with close in full rotary-type similar.

Mechanism with one-way self-locking all can be used for this design, as: leading screw and nut mechanism, worm screw snail bar mechanism, the stepless locking device in inclined-plane etc.

Leading screw and nut mechanism: feed screw nut's device with self-locking performance, different with worm and worm gear, the main each other latch fitting of screw mandrel, nut in this mechanism, by latch fitting, that is: screw mandrel, nut the two who rotate, who is exactly main latch fitting, and corresponding moving linearly spare then is by latch fitting.

Worm screw snail bar mechanism:, can design the straight line stepless engaging and disengaging gear according to " the stepless shifting principle of worm screw profile of tooth ".The snail bar: the straight line type element of profile of tooth and worm meshing, can be considered is the deployed configuration of worm gear, the similar gear rack device of mentality of designing, but characteristics are: have one-way self-locking, worm screw is main latch fitting, and the snail bar is by latch fitting.Shown in Figure 24 .4.

The stepless locking device in inclined-plane: see Figure 26 for details, be generally the work of short stroke operating mode.

Figure 24: control type straight line clutch

Figure 24 .1: as shown in the figure: leading screw and nut mechanism is straight line master power circuit path, nut 76 links to each other with tooth bar 78, tooth bar 78 links to each other with screw mandrel 77 by gear 11, bevel gear drive group 73, controlling type clutch 8, gear transmission group 74, constitutes control Transmitted chains (gear 11 is connected with bevel gear a is coaxial).Its working principle and preamble are rotary-type similar, when controlling type clutch 8 engages, and the Quality Initiative conducting, leading screw and nut mechanism enters non-self-locking state, and at this moment, the straight-line displacement amount of screw mandrel is by the rotation of control Transmitted chains sync pulling nut, not self-locking of mechanism; When clutch 8 separated, Quality Initiative cut off, and leading screw and nut mechanism enters self-locking attitude (about the design problem that starts the crack referring to preamble).

This technology can be used in the man-operated mechanisms such as quick clamping, location, arrangements for speed regulation/anchor clamps, bench vice, so that realize quick adjustment, promotes efficient.Also can be used for the quick arrangements for speed regulation of speed changer.Available control motor direct-drive screw mandrel rotation gets final product in motor-driven, automatic adjusting, and the bidirectional self-locking of this moment exists constantly, and is more reliable and secure! This structure belongs to open loop control, that is: nut is directly driven according to demand by an external power source in good time, satisfies the straight line motion of screw mandrel.

Different with Figure 24 .1, the main latch fitting of rotation among Figure 24 .2 is nut (nut 76 outer surfaces be connected gear c), screw mandrel is straight moving by latch fitting, link to each other with tooth bar, (characteristics: the interchangeable position of feed screw nut), when clutch 8 was in conducting state, positioning platform 79 can freely move up and down the position, when clutch 8 was in the partition attitude, positioning platform 79 positions were locked.

Application examples: be used for the bicycle positioning, positioning attitude 79 among Figure 24 .2 is linked to each other by the vehicle seat replacement and with screw mandrel 77, by a steerable controller solenoidoperated cluthes 8 are carried out the clutch regulation and control, make clutch 8 engage conducting during positioning, but vehicle seat up-down adjustment, clutch 8 cuts off at ordinary times, mechanism's self-locking, and vehicle seat is in stationary state.(annotate: carry out release in order to produce adjusting startup crack, realize reliable adjustment, under reset spring 80 effects, upwards reset before downward modulation seat, offering one's seat earlier, handle then and just can transpose downwards after control knob engages solenoidoperated cluthes, when upwards transposing, then be to pressing down screw thread to be compressed at the seat earlier, handle then and just can upwards transpose after control knob engages solenoidoperated cluthes that the purpose of doing like this is exactly in order to construct the two-way startup crack of screw thread).

Figure 24 .3: compare with preceding scheme, the control Transmitted chains in this scheme connects by non-self-locking performance leading screw and nut mechanism, reduces amount of parts.Annotate: the non-self-locking performance leading screw and nut mechanism of this moment refers to: with the different mechanism of feed screw nut's self-locking direction with self-locking performance, equally, the main each other latch fitting of screw mandrel, nut in this mechanism, by latch fitting, who but be: screw mandrel, the two moving linearly of nut with the self-locking performance difference, who is exactly main latch fitting, and the corresponding rotation movement parts then is by latch fitting.This characteristic just, just make this non-self-locking performance leading screw and nut mechanism can make the Quality Initiative parts, it can be converted into nut 76 straight line motions in the straight line master power circuit path and rotatablely move, and through solenoidoperated cluthes 8, gear transmission group 74 forms closed control Transmitted chains.

In above-mentioned several scheme:, then become the straight line free wheel device if controlling type clutch 8 usefulness unidirectional couplings replace.Its screw thread working surface, non-working surface, similar to preamble to work facing, the inoperative facing fiting property of unidirectional coupling, that is: the work facing of unidirectional coupling is close mutually, the inoperative facing away from, the screw thread working surface is close, the screw thread non-working surface away from.

Figure 24 .4: worm screw snail bar straight line self-locking mechanism

Worm screw snail bar straight line self-locking mechanism belongs to the straight line type element of snail bar and worm meshing, can be considered the differentiation structure after to be worm and worm gear with worm gear launch, its characteristics are: when worm screw is the driving link rotation, and snail bar linear movement output, mechanism's self-locking when the snail bar is driving link.That is: this mechanism has one-way self-locking, and worm screw is main latch fitting, and the snail bar is by latch fitting.Utilize this characteristic can design the straight line clutch.

Performance analysis: when worm screw was rotated synchronously, worm screw snail bar was in the branch amorph; During the asynchronous rotation of worm screw, worm screw snail bar is in half and engages the attitude of skidding; Worm screw stops time rotational, and worm screw snail bar is in the joint lock-in state.

Compare with leading screw and nut mechanism, this mechanism has more design flexible characteristics.Can realize that the synchronous guiding of worm screw snail bar separates and engages.Example: in continuous rotary-type stepless speed variator, if: worm screw is the motion input component, the snail bar is the motion output member, when the current translation amount of worm screw need be exported, then stop rotation, with the be connected self-locking engagement of snail bar, transmitting movement: when the current translation amount of worm screw need not exported, then rotation synchronously under control is in equivalence branch amorph, not output movement with the snail bar.

For increasing surface of contact, improve bearing capacity, can be designed to anchor ring snail bar worm mechanism, referring to Figure 24 .5.

Figure 25: self-adaptive type straight line clutch

According to one-sided self-locking performance principle, the straight line type clutch also can design the self adaption type, and this mode is than controlling more simple economy of driving type, and exploitativeness is strong.

Figure 25 .1: unidirectional self-adaptive type feed screw nut device, promptly be equivalent to " one-sided ball screw " device, on the one-sided flank of thread of nut, design tourelle (as: circulation alley formula ball), as one-sided type ball nut 85 among Figure 25 .1, make mechanism have one-sided self-locking performance, that is: the lockout feature difference of both sides.As shown in the figure, be in when nut moves right and surmount attitude, mechanism's self-locking when moving left.

Figure 25 .2: unidirectional self-adaptive type worm screw snail strip device () Figure 25 .3: unidirectional self-adaptive type worm screw snail strip device (two)

Figure 25 .2,25.3 is unidirectional self-adaptive type worm screw snail strip device, takes the flank of tooth one side device at the snail bar to surmount roller 51 methods among Figure 25 .2 and realizes one-sided self-locking.For the longer line-type of snail bar, tourelle generally is set on worm screw, as Figure 25 worm screw that .3 is shown in one lateral tooth flank tourelle is set, as: add circulation alley formula tourelle, contact realization rolling Contact Transmission with the one flank of tooth of snail bar by circulation alley formula rolling contact or fixed idler whell, reach two lateral tooth flank lockout feature inequality characteristics, realize overdrive clutch.Also can realize one-sided self-locking by changing both sides gear tooth friction coefficient.

The stepless overdrive clutch function of adaptivity of straight line worm screw snail bar mechanism adapts to some occasion demand very much, realizes realizing in good time clutch automatically by the two relative velocity variation.

In the specific occasion, need for guaranteeing stressed symmetry and space requirement, can take twin worm compound mode design (referring to Figure 25 .4) at the side mounting mechanism of worm screw.

Figure 26: short stroke straight line clutch (the stepless locking device in inclined-plane)

The characteristic of self-locking takes place during less than equivalent friction angle according to the inclined-plane lift angle, can design unidirectional self-lock mechanism---short stroke straight line clutch (the stepless locking device in inclined-plane),

Be depicted as Figure 26 .1: self-adaptive type one-way clutch (unidirectional stepless locking device), settled on one side of lock displaced block 89 and surmounted roller 89, the another side then is the sliding friction contact, has one-sided self-locking performance, not self-locking of mechanism when being moved to the left by lock displaced block 89, this moment, main lock displaced block 90 can be with being moved by lock displaced block 89.Mechanism's self-locking when being moved right by lock displaced block 89, displaced block is static.Utilize this characteristic, can design stepless locking device, as shown in the figure: quilt is locked displaced block 89 and a moving chuck 88 is connected, and with quiet chuck 87 relative arrangements, at this moment, just have the one-way locking function between the sound chuck, that is: two chucks can only move to clamping direction, and can not move to detaching direction.Become automatic compensation locking apparatus as adding in moving chuck 88 outsides once 92 these mechanisms of compensation pressing spring.

Be depicted as control type short distance engaging and disengaging gear as Figure 26 .1, all be converted into and rotatablely move by lock displaced block 89, main straight line motion amount of locking displaced block 90, and be connected to form the control Transmitted chains of sealing by relevant driving component and controlling type clutch 8 by the gear rack device.The same with the preamble device, this device has two-way stepless clutch function.Break-make by solenoidoperated cluthes 8 realizes two-way stepless clutch locking.That is: when clutch 8 engaged, sound chuck distance can random variation, and when clutch disconnected, the sound chuck was apart from locking.

In addition: if these solenoidoperated cluthes 8 replace in order to unidirectional coupling, then become unidirectional straight line free wheel device, its function is similar to self-adaptive type, has unidirectional stepless lock function.

In fact: when the stepless locking of carrying out the sound chuck, as long as the main latch fitting master of stepless passing locks displaced block 90 and can realize bi-directional shift and stepless locking.This is an inclined-plane voussoir wedging principle.Has automatic compensation locking function as adding once 92 these mechanisms of compensation pressing spring in main lock displaced block 90 outsides.(as Figure 26 .3)

This mechanism can be used for designing the short stroke positioning fixture, as: machine tool fixture, bench vice anchor clamps, short distance quick lock in device, automatic compensation locking apparatus etc.

Guiding theory:

(1) should reduce Transmitted chains length as far as possible, reduce to participate in the back and forth number of components of operation; And should reduce the repeat system rotary inertia as far as possible.

(2) amplify the input end angular displacement, increase precision, sensitivity, reduce reverse idle stroke (angle of slide).

(3) reduce the velocity ratio of one-way self-locking mechanism such as worm and worm gear, that is: increase the worm screw angle of lead,, reduce worm screw synchronous operation angular velocity to reduce the Quality Initiative velocity ratio.

(4), all can be used as with external power stream and be connected port as long as at any place of unidirectional coupling outside the worm screw place control Transmitted chains interval.

(5) for allowing to bear the overload load, clutch serial connection friction driving is connected the district therewith, plays the friction driving overload protection function.

(6) for reducing friction, all available rolling pair of all sliding pairs replaces; Be simplified structure, all rolling pairs can replace that (sliding pair comprises: slip sliding pair, slip revolute pair with sliding pair; Rolling pair comprises: rolling sliding pair, roll rotational pair).

(7) for clutch and non-closed loop speed changer, input shaft, output shaft can exchange use, as: output shaft can be used as input shaft and is connected with external power; Input shaft can be used as output shaft and is connected with external power.

(for ease of understanding directly perceived, unified with the prior art notion, according to the related notion state name of existing free wheel device, all explanations of nouns are introduced in the lump at this, hereinafter no longer explain, ask mutually with reference to contrast)

Controller(controlled driving source): the equipment that is used for controlling main latch fitting motion state, be generally: control motor, oil hydraulic cylinder, cylinder, electromagnetic traction, mechanical traction equipment etc. are generally for the closed power flow control type: controlling type clutch, controlling type speed changer, unidirectional coupling.

The control Transmitted chains: the Transmitted chains of controller is housed, forms by controller+Transmitted chains, generally by in Transmitted chains, install controlled driving source or controlling type clutch, speed changer additional, coupling is realized.

Unidirectional control Transmitted chains: have the Transmitted chains of folk prescription, generally realize by installing unidirectional coupling (controller) therein additional to the driving torque characteristic.

Unidirectional coupling: the coupling that can only transmit the single direction moment of torsion.

Synchronously: main latch fitting, the motion state that is cooperated by the latch fitting motor coordination, with worm and worm gear is the example explanation, refer to: the worm screw angular velocity of rotation is corresponding synchronously with the worm gear angular velocity of rotation, do not produce interference, be equivalent to engagement between worm and worm gear and be synchronized with the movement that (synchronization parameter comprises: moving direction, movement velocity), for closed-loop type, the measure that reaches this effect is: Quality Initiative velocity ratio (with legend 2 explanation: the Quality Initiative velocity ratio on from the worm screw connecting end to worm gear connecting end direction---also promptly: bevel gear 12 is to the velocity ratio central gear 10 Transmitted chainss) and Worm and Worm Gear Driving are than (defining the same with worm reducer, refer to: worm screw is to the velocity ratio between worm gear, that is: the ratio of the worm gear number of teeth and number of threads) identical;

Join fast Transmitted chains---make main latch fitting, realized the Transmitted chains be synchronized with the movement by latch fitting:

Unidirectionally join fast Transmitted chains: have fast Transmitted chains of joining of unidirectional drive characteristic.

Unidirectionally join fast coupling: having the unidirectional coupling of joining fast transmission agency, is exactly that compactness unidirectional joined fast Transmitted chains in fact.

^*The Transmitted chains that belongs to the non-transmission type of skidding in the moving rate current control type of closed loop all has joins fast transport characteristics, generally is used for the control type free wheel device.

The open loop power current control: the power circuit that drives the motion of the main latch fitting control mode of power source that comes from the outside.Corresponding Quality Initiative is: the open loop Quality Initiative.

The closed power current control: the control mode that drives the next autonomous power circuit diverter branch of power circuit of main latch fitting motion.Corresponding Quality Initiative is: the closed loop control chain.

Annotate: say by cybernetics, have only the control type free wheel device to belong to closed loop control in this patent, all the other all belong to open loop control, for example: after the controller among Fig. 2 replaces with solenoidoperated cluthes or control speed changer, only be that control belongs to the closed loop class with power circuit, but control command comes from the outside, and still belongs to open loop control! But, even the open loop control types of this patent, if its control signal is collected in the sensor at clutch place then becomes closed loop control again, so this paper wouldn't discuss control theory, this paper focuses on mechanism design, the open loop closed loop of this paper is for distinguishing the special-purpose notion that this patent class of establishment is established only at power controlling stream.

Surmount attitude(idle running attitude, branch amorph)---clutch is the transmitting torque state not, and Quality Initiative is on state, affects worm screw to rotate the releasing self-locking effect synchronously by Quality Initiative;

The self-locking attitude(joint attitude)---clutch transmits torque conditions, Quality Initiative is in off state, the worm screw stall, worm and worm gear is in self-locking state, relies on the propagation of pressure torque between the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face, is equivalent to the wedging attitude of common free wheel device.Surmount attitude, the self-locking attitude is referred to as: clutch state, clutch process.

Lockout feature---comprise herein: self-locking performance, non-self-locking performance, for example hereinafter the flank of tooth of the same teeth of self-adaptive type clutch both sides has different lockout features, promptly refers to: a lateral tooth flank has self-locking performance, the opposite side flank of tooth then has non-self-locking performance (or not having self-locking performance).

Unidirectional self-lock---with the worm and worm gear is the example explanation, refers to: self-locking when worm gear is driving link, not self-locking when worm screw is driving link.

One-sided self-locking---is the example explanation with the worm and worm gear, refer to: worm gear is a driving link, self-locking when to a sideway swivel, not self-locking during a sideway swivel round about.That is: both sides friction factor difference, the lockout feature difference of worm and worm gear mesh tooth face.This function generally is used for the self-adaptive type free wheel device.

Just change, reverse---promptly: be rotated in the forward, counterrotating, at unidirectional coupling, just change: the state of coupling transmitting movement, counter-rotating: coupling cuts off the state of motion, is just changeing transmission, counter-rotating cuts off that is:.

Real engagement: be used for the engagement of transmitted power;

Empty engagement, name engagement: the not engagement of transmitted power, cry empty engagement again, under the general state, pressure is very little or do not have pressure and even do not contact between the mesh tooth face, even certain pressure arranged but be not used in transmitted power (as: though the relative movement of worm and worm gear is arranged surmounting attitude, but the inactivity drive connection, the mesh tooth face of worm and worm gear touches motion for " servo-actuated echos, drifts with the tide " formula virtual connection; The worm and worm gear that add behind the bullet pad are being in when surmounting attitude that two contact Tooth have certain pressure but be not to be used for transmitted power, only for eliminating reverse idle stroke).Working flank also can be described as when being in void engagement attitude: " nominal mesh tooth face, empty mesh tooth face, empty mesh tooth face ".

Working flank---the engaging stress flank of tooth during transmitted power (or transmitting movement) is (as a position flank of tooth among Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Figure 17; For " self-adaptive type ", ordinary circumstance teeth two lateral tooth flanks are working flank, and a side is used for self-locking attitude transmitted power, as Figure 12 a1 flank of tooth, a side be used for surmounting attitude transmit lost motion, as Figure 12 a2 flank of tooth).

Non-working flank---the back side flank of tooth of working flank in the same profile of tooth teeth (as the b position flank of tooth among Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Figure 17).

Work facing, inoperative facing---for ease of difference, this patent regulation: for unidirectional coupling, its working surface that is used for transmission power is called: work facing (as Fig. 5 c position facing), and non-working surface is called: inoperative facing (as d position facing among Fig. 5);

Normal engagement: (comprising: real engagement, empty engagement), exemplify: no matter clutch is in separation, joint, slipping state, worm and worm gear all keep meshing attitude, and wherein: combination, the true engagement of the attitude of skidding, branch amorph belong to empty engagement.

Main latch fitting(dominant control): whether determination means the element of self-locking, that is: when this element is as driving link, and not self-locking of mechanism, as: H spare among worm screw, Figure 22; The moving situation of main latch fitting comprises: zero---asynchronous---synchronously, corresponding clutch on-off characteristic shows as: the combination separation of---skidding---.

By latch fitting(being subjected to control): mechanism take place self-locking by lock element, that is: when this element was as driving link, mechanism's self-locking was as m1 gear among worm gear, Figure 22

Release: remove self-locking state

Reverse idle stroke(sliding corner)---with the worm and worm gear is the example explanation, and clutch is by the idle running angle that surmounts attitude relative housing of worm gear when engaging the attitude transition.

Start the crack---take Fig. 5 as example analysis explanation: clutch by the self-locking attitude when surmounting the attitude transition, the working flank of worm and worm gear meshes transition by real engagement to void, there is the certain clearance surplus between the adjacent non-working flank of worm and worm gear at this moment, this gap amount makes worm and worm gear can have the rotation of several angle freely to measure, that is: allow worm gear to rotate freely to surmounting direction, unidirectional coupling work facing enters real engagement by the void engagement in the just feasible control Transmitted chains of this micro-amounts of rotation, so the control Transmitted chains enters on state, drawing main latch fitting worm screw rotates synchronously, cause worm and worm gear non-working flank gap value to be maintained, in other words, make the non-working flank of worm gear not chase after the worm screw non-working flank all the time.This gap amount is just named: start the crack.

Start square: controlling type clutch, speed changer are not changing under moving direction (or direction of relative movement) prerequisite, overcome frictional force between the worm and worm gear flank of tooth by self-locking attitude (that is: do not change under the sense of rotation prerequisite engage the attitude conversion of skidding to a minute amorph, half) needs one bigger driving force when surmounting attitude (or half engage skid attitude) conversion by engaging attitude, drive worm screw and make of short duration asynchronous fast rotational, enter synchronous idle branch amorph again after the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face being separated produce a gap value (startup crack).Overcome the moment that rubs between the worm and worm gear flank of tooth and just cry this moment: start square; Obvious: the purpose that starts square is exactly to start the crack for producing.

For mono-directional overrun clutch, this start crack can solve by structural design (as: the worm and worm gear working flank is close, unidirectional coupling work facing is close, non-working flank, facing away from design start crack and design for constructing this just); But for the two-way working type, this startup crack need be solved by the motion working procedure and (as: be overcome to rub between the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face by worm screw by big startup square and be rotated, after making mesh tooth face separate formation startup crack, the clutch conducting Quality Initiative of rejoining can enter be synchronized with the movement (method that the open loop control type is often taked) smoothly; Or produce by short distance counter-rotating and to start the clutch of rejoining behind the crack and just enter and change (method that the closed loop control type is often taked); And for example the operating procedure of bicycle positioning process is exactly to start the crack for structure among Figure 24 .2.1).

The one-sided self-lock mechanism of sound friction disk---promote worm screw by the worm gear self-locking to the circumference tangential thrust of torque and cause the sound friction disk to touch to close and realize one-sided self-locking.That is: surmount to when rotation worm screw under the promotion of the worm gear flank of tooth, make the sound friction disk away from, not self-locking of mechanism, self-locking is when rotation, worm screw makes the pressing of sound friction disk under the promotion of the worm gear flank of tooth, play brake drag effect.This mode does not rely on the unidirectional transmission self-locking effect between the worm and worm gear mesh tooth face, belongs to the measure of braking damping lock-in techniques.

The snail bar: the straight line type element of profile of tooth and worm meshing, can be considered is the deployed configuration of worm gear.

Annotate 1: the engagement type clutch of stepless tooth that this paper provides; the speed change theory can be used for instructing design; its design theory; implementation model; structure; simplified schematic diagram; schematic diagram of mechanism; the disclosed technology contents of expression-forms such as specific embodiment all can be used for specific design and makes the different clutch of all kinds; speed change gear; the enforcement body that this patent is enumerated all belongs to the demoncal ration example; concrete facility class of establishment is not all enumerated at this, allly takes arbitrary model disclosed herein; mechanism; the technology category of parts intersects recombinates; use for reference design mutually; the various different application field example of matched combined mechanism scheme and this technology category all belongs to this property right protection scope.All all behaviors of taking this principle to be used to design, use without authorization all belong to abuse.For example: all rotary-type design theories, method all are applicable to the straight line type design.

Annotate 2: the patent figures purpose only is facility design, the theory structure of brief and concise explanation this patent, be intended to minimum drawings clear performance patent disclosure, clearly express the emphasis structure, taked " detailed degeneracy is luxuriant " form of presentation, that is: sketch detail drawing compound mode is drawn; Simultaneously, for reducing the map sheet amount, the diagram of analog structure no longer draw other direction view and analyse and observe, detail drawing such as amplification; And the standard piece in the literary composition, general part, the component of no certain sense, no dedicated function have all been taked unified title and piece number in different figure, so as more short and sweet, as: input shaft, output shaft etc., front and back reference contrast mutually when with the aid of pictures.

Annotate 3: flank of tooth profile of tooth is the signal legend in the patent figures, only for explanation transmission assembling work situation, does not represent concrete actual cog machining shape.

Claims

1. stepless tooth engagement control type high-efficiency high-power clutch is made up of input shaft, output shaft, engaging and disengaging gear etc., it is characterized in that:

＜A〉engaging and disengaging gear forms by having the mechanism that " one-way self-locking " reach " stepless normal engagement " characteristic, this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, controller, main latch fitting forms the open loop power current control by controller drives, control main latch fitting with by the clutch state of latch fitting;

＜B〉engaging and disengaging gear forms by having the mechanism that " one-way self-locking " reach " stepless normal engagement " characteristic, this mechanism by main latch fitting, by latch fitting, control Transmitted chains form, main latch fitting forms the closed power current control with being connected by the control Transmitted chains between the latch fitting, controls main latch fitting and by the clutch state of latch fitting;

＜C〉the control type overrunning clutch forms by having the mechanism that " one-way self-locking " reach " stepless normal engagement " characteristic, this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, unidirectional control Transmitted chains, main latch fitting forms the closed power current control with being connected by unidirectional control Transmitted chains between the latch fitting, control main latch fitting with by the clutch state of latch fitting;

＜D〉the self-adaptive type overrunning clutch forms by having the mechanism that " one-way self-locking " reach " stepless normal engagement " characteristic, this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, main latch fitting and had one-sided self-locking performance between the latch fitting, main latch fitting and do not had the variable locking characteristic simultaneously by moving direction between the latch fitting, a direction self-locking, another direction surmounts.

2. one-way self-locking controlling type speed changer: form by input shaft, output shaft, gear change control device etc., it is characterized in that:

＜A〉gear change control device forms by having the mechanism that " one-way self-locking (unidirectional controlled) " reach " stepless normal engagement " characteristic, this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, controller, main latch fitting forms the open loop power current control by controller drives, realizes main latch fitting and by the speed discrepancy relation transformation between the latch fitting;

＜B〉gear change control device forms by having the self-locking mechanism that " one-way self-locking " reach " stepless normal engagement " characteristic, this mechanism by main latch fitting, by latch fitting, control Transmitted chains form, main latch fitting with is connected formation closed power current control by the control Transmitted chains between the latch fitting, realize main latch fitting and by the speed discrepancy relation transformation between the latch fitting;

＜C〉worm screw from transition (differential motion synthesis type) gear change control device form by: unidirectional self-lock mechanism and relevant motion combination mechanism.

3. the straight line type clutch is characterized in that: be made up of the self-locking performance clutch mechanism with " one-way self-locking ";

(1) this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, controller, and main latch fitting forms the open loop power current control by controller drives, control main latch fitting with by the clutch state of latch fitting;

(2) this mechanism is by main latch fitting, is formed by latch fitting, control Transmitted chains, main latch fitting be connected formation closed power current control by controlling Transmitted chains between the latch fitting, control main latch fitting and by the clutch state of latch fitting;

(3) this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, unidirectional control Transmitted chains, and main latch fitting forms the closed power current control with being connected by unidirectional control Transmitted chains between the latch fitting, control main latch fitting with by the clutch state of latch fitting;

(4) this mechanism is by main latch fitting, formed by latch fitting, main latch fitting and had one-sided self-locking performance between the latch fitting, main latch fitting and do not had the variable locking characteristic simultaneously by direction of relative movement between the latch fitting.

4. control constraint formula transmission device: it is characterized in that: master axis 71 links to each other with the main latch fitting of unidirectional self-lock mechanism, and controlled shaft 72 is linked to each other by latch fitting with unidirectional self-lock mechanism; Its master axis, controlled shaft angular velocity of rotation can equate, also can not wait; Unidirectional self-lock mechanism can be the single roll self-locking mechanism, also other self-locking mechanism.

5. speed change gear according to claim 2 is characterized in that: input shaft with linked to each other by latch fitting, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, main latch fitting is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7;

For gear change control device＜A 〉, controller is contained in the housing, its control power transmission is in main latch fitting rotating shaft, in order to the angle of rotation displacement of controlling main latch fitting carry out driving shaft, from rotation speed change between the axle, realize speed change output;

For gear change control device＜B 〉, it is characterized in that: input shaft with linked to each other by latch fitting, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, main latch fitting is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7, and by one control Transmitted chains will be linked to each other with main latch fitting by latch fitting;

For gear change control device＜C 〉, it is characterized in that: control main latch fitting motion by the control stepless speed variator, through the motion combination mechanism being introduced in this motion, export by motion combination mechanism and the main power circuit input end rotating speed that becomes output shaft after synthetic that moves by latch fitting; Source according to power controlling stream is divided into---and (1) " open loop power current control ": control is with the power circuit of the speed changer power source (as: control motor etc.) that comes from the outside, and its control system path is: external power source---controls stepless speed variator---unidirectional control device---motion combination mechanism; (2) " closed power current control ": carry out the circulating power current control at main power circuit input end introducing distributary mechanism and synthesize; Its control system path is: main power line shaft, and---diverter branch---is controlled stepless speed variator---unidirectional control device---motion combination mechanism; Its unidirectional self-lock control mechanism can be the rolling self-locking mechanism; As: the driving type irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of taking to roll; The motion combination mechanism can be 2DOF mechanisms such as differential gear train, planetary gear train.

6. according to claim 1,3 described engaging and disengaging gear, it is characterized in that:

For engaging and disengaging gear＜A 〉, it is characterized in that: input shaft with linked to each other by latch fitting, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, main latch fitting is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7; Controller is contained in the housing, and its control power transmission realizes clutch state conversion between driving shaft, the driven shaft in main latch fitting rotating shaft in order to the angle of rotation displacement of controlling main latch fitting;

For engaging and disengaging gear＜B 〉, it is characterized in that: input shaft with linked to each other by latch fitting, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, main latch fitting is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7, and will be linked to each other with main latch fitting by latch fitting by a control Transmitted chains, it is controlled Transmitted chains and is made up of the Transmitted chains that serially adds controlling type clutch or controlling type speed changer therein;

For control type overrunning clutch＜C 〉, it is characterized in that: input shaft with linked to each other by latch fitting, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, main latch fitting is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7, and will be linked to each other with main latch fitting by latch fitting by a unidirectional control Transmitted chains;

For self-adaptive type overrunning clutch＜D 〉, it is characterized in that: input shaft with linked to each other by latch fitting, output shaft links to each other with clutch housing, main latch fitting is installed on the clutch housing 5 by bearing 7, and realize in the one-sided self-locking performance self-locking mechanism of its overrunning clutch that lockout feature different technical measures in both sides are: (1) is by the friction factor difference of two lateral tooth flanks---can be by material different or processing roughness difference, lubricating system difference realize; (2) the one-sided rolling kind of drive (as: add and surmount roller, circulation alley formula tourelle) is set; (3) different lubrication effects processing and the design of different lead angle are carried out in phase-splitting; As: adopt self-locking performance worm and worm gear and non-self-locking performance worm and worm gear Combination Design, self-locking performance worm screw teeth 60 are near state with the working flank of self-locking performance worm gear teeth 61, and corresponding non-working flank is in away from state; Non-self-locking performance worm gear teeth 62 are near state with the working flank of non-self-locking performance worm screw teeth 63, and non-working flank is in away from state; The non-irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of its sliding type can replace with the non-irreversible worm Worm gear mechanism of rolling type; (4) self-locking performance, non-self-locking performance worm-and-wheel gear are set up auxiliary device technology such as (as: dynamic and static friction disks 55,56) between worm shaft, above-mentioned measure can be taked wherein one or more simultaneously;

For self-adaptive type straight line type clutch, it is characterized in that: unidirectional self-adaptive type feed screw nut device, promptly be equivalent to " one-sided ball screw " device, on the one-sided flank of thread of nut, design tourelle (as: circulation alley formula ball); Unidirectional self-adaptive type worm screw snail strip device can surmount roller 51 methods at the flank of tooth one side device of snail bar and realize one-sided self-locking; Also can tourelle be set at worm screw one lateral tooth flank, as: add circulation alley formula tourelle; Also can realize one-sided self-locking by changing both sides gear tooth friction coefficient; In the specific occasion, can take the design of twin worm compound mode;

For short stroke straight line clutch, it is characterized in that, self-adaptive type: quilt is locked displaced block 89 or led to settle on the side of locking displaced block 90 surmounts roller 89, the another side then is the sliding friction contact, has one-sided self-locking performance, can be connected with a moving chuck 88 by lock displaced block 89, and with quiet chuck 87 relative arrangement, can add one in moving chuck 88 outsides and compensate pressing spring 92; Control type: the straight line motion amount of being locked displaced block 89, main lock displaced block 90 all is converted into by the gear rack device and rotatablely moves, and is connected to form the control Transmitted chains of sealing by relevant driving component and controlling type clutch 8; If these solenoidoperated cluthes 8 replace in order to unidirectional coupling, then become unidirectional straight line free wheel device; Main lock displaced block 90 outsides can add a compensation pressing spring 92.

7. according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 described self-locking mechanisms and control Transmitted chains, it is characterized in that:

Self-locking mechanism is by the worm and worm gear with latching characteristics, the toroid helicoids worm Worm gear mechanism (includes the rolling worm and worm gear, disc type rolling worm-and-wheel gear), differential gear train, 2K-H type positive sign planetary wheel mechanism, 3K type planetary gear train, planetary gear train, spiroid, crossed helical gears mechanism, the criss-crossing oblique gear mechanism, constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism, leading screw and nut mechanism, worm screw snail bar mechanism, at least a mechanism in the mechanisms such as the stepless locking device in inclined-plane forms; Its one-sided property self-locking mechanism by: at least a mechanism in the mechanisms such as one-sided self locking type leading screw and nut mechanism, worm screw snail bar mechanism, anchor ring snail bar worm mechanism, the stepless locking device in inclined-plane forms; Its self-locking mechanism can adopt the low coefficient of friction material, adopt modes such as low-friction lubrication mode and rolling transmission to reduce friction factor; Its constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism can be unidirectional self-lock type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism, one-sided self locking type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism, rolling type constant velocity spiral fluted disc gear mechanism; Joined fast coupling 36 planet carrier H, gear m1 are connected by unidirectional, the teeth engagement characteristics of gear m1, m2 are: working flank is approaching, non-working flank away from; Unidirectional unidirectional coupling work facing of joining in the fast coupling 36 is in normal near state, and the inoperative facing is in often away from state;

Transmitted chains can be: be made up of central gear 10, gear 11, bevel gear 12,13 etc., also by gear, bevel gear, flexible axle (as: wire soft shaft) transmission, rigidity, flexible drive such as band transmission, join composition such as fast coupling; Also can adopt non-self locking type worm and worm gear as the control Transmitted chains; Also can be: nut 76 links to each other with tooth bar 78, tooth bar 78 links to each other with screw mandrel 77 by gear 11, bevel gear drive group 73, controlling type clutch 8, gear transmission group 74, (gear 11 is connected with bevel gear a is coaxial to constitute the control Transmitted chains, and the interchangeable position of feed screw nut, positioning platform 79 or vehicle seat are linked to each other by latch fitting with the straight line motion of leading screw and nut mechanism); Also can be: connect by non-self-locking performance leading screw and nut mechanism, nut 76 straight line motions in the straight line master power circuit path are converted into rotatablely move, and through solenoidoperated cluthes 8, gear transmission group 74 forms closed control Transmitted chainss;---its controller can be: control motor (as: stepper motor, actuating motor etc.), oil hydraulic motor, pneumatic motor, electromagnetic traction, mechanical traction equipment etc.; Controlled driving source, controlling type clutch, speed changer, unidirectional coupling etc.; Can fill up between unidirectional coupling work facing and add the elastic compression compensation device;

Unidirectional coupling in the control Transmitted chains can be: gap spline type unidirectional coupling, key transmission unidirectional coupling, castellated unidirectional coupling, chuck unidirectional coupling; Also: between worm gear and central gear, rely on unidirectional driving pin device to realize unidirectional transmission; Driving pin 23 surfaces coat elastic material, or use the rubber rod driving pin;

The unidirectional coupling design principle is: as long as transmitting torque when reaching from the rotation of direction, idle running during the other direction rotation, be generally big Spielpassung formula coupling, this gap amount is according to unidirectional coupling working mechanism, unidirectional coupling facing gap value design principle " design; Design principle is: work facing one side is tightly fitted, then the gap is bigger for opposing opposite side inoperative facing, this gap amount design principle is: by surmounting attitude when the self-locking attitude changes, the unidirectional coupling counterrotating, work facing gap increases, inoperative facing gap reduces, this inoperative facing gap value worm and worm gear working flank before being reduced to contact preferentially meshes, cause the inoperative facing not mesh and make Quality Initiative cutout, worm screw can not be synchronously from then make the worm and worm gear system enter self-locking state; On the contrary: surmount attitude when running, before the worm and worm gear non-working flank does not mesh then unidirectional coupling work facing preferentially mesh and drive worm screw and rotate synchronously; Also promptly: the work facing Contact Transmission attitude of unidirectional coupling just in time is the void engagement attitude of the working flank of worm and worm gear; The free travel amount at unidirectional coupling place (play amount---the free travel amount that the work facing is changed to the engagement attitude by relaxation state) is less than the worm and worm gear working flank to adjacent non-working flank gap value;

Mesh tooth, groove, driving key, driving pin quantity in the unidirectional coupling and be at least one, also can be a plurality of;

Drive bevel gear 12 can be arranged on the either side of worm screw;

Transmit main power circuit parts worm gear, housing and can take monolateral, bilateral bearing matching relationship assembling; Main power circuit driving component, control Transmitted chains element all can monolaterally, bilateral be provided with the bearing matching relationship;

Input shaft also can be taked hole assembling Placement, as opening pilot hole in the worm gear center; Also output shaft can be set on housing;

In the self-locking mechanism worm screw quantity at least one, for many worm screws design proposal, also can take worm screw one control type scheme, all worm screw rotating shafts can be coupled together by modes such as space gear transmission group 19 or wire soft shafts 21, and will control Transmitted chains and be connected with one of them worm shaft;

For mono-directional overrun clutch, the working flank of worm and gear can be designed to the face Contact Transmission to increase bearing capacity; Non-working flank can design not according to standard tooth form the machining accuracy no requirement (NR), can increase profile of tooth intensity under the movement interference prerequisite as far as possible not producing.

8. overrunning clutch according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

(1) the control type overrunning clutch be surmount, two-way adjustable control type free wheel device that the self-locking direction can be regulated change; The work facing of unidirectional coupling, inoperative facing structure are equal to, connect intrinsic transmission corner between unidirectional coupling and the Transmitted chains and have adjustability, as: the protruding tooth 17 of worm and worm gear mesh tooth face gap value and unidirectional coupling, groove 18 gap value relative mistakes can be changed;

(2) the yet two-way adjustable type of self-adaptive type overrunning clutch, the worm and worm gear flank of tooth is two-way all not to have self-locking performance, is provided with the adjustable dynamic and static friction disk device of dynamic and static friction disk static clearance amount in the worm screw both sides.

9. according to claim 1,2 described engaging and disengaging gear and gear change control devices, it is characterized in that: not self-locking of irreversible control wherein, utilize main latch fitting, slowed down to increase by the big speed ratio between the latch fitting and turn round effect, making can be with less power control by the motion of latch fitting by main latch fitting, controller wherein can be adjustable break (as: magnetic clutch, a break, or brake motor etc.); Mechanism with this non-self-locking performance also can realize one-sided self-locking by increasing dynamic and static friction disk.

10. according to claim 1,2,4,9 described self-lockings, non-self-locking mechanism, it is characterized in that: the internal gear type worm and worm gear that self-locking mechanism can be made up of internal tooth worm gear 45, drum surface-worm 46, worm screw assembly matrix dish 47 etc.; Also can be by forming inner tooth type rolling worm gear to radial distribution in the rolling type worm gear roller 57, with non-self-locking performance drum surface-worm 64 engagement driving; The two all can be self locking type or non-self locking type driving mechanism.