CN1365288A - 检测和杀伤上皮癌细胞的方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/006—Biological staining of tissues in vivo, e.g. methylene blue or toluidine blue O administered in the buccal area to detect epithelial cancer cells, dyes used for delineating tissues during surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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Abstract
一种通过选择性标记癌细胞线粒体,通过将阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂递送至上皮而检测癌性上皮细胞诊断方法。通过将阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂递送至上皮癌细胞,实现在正常细胞存在的情况下选择性杀伤癌性上皮细胞的目的。该杀伤剂还可以包含标记剂和癌化学治疗药物的反应产物或者与药物的混合物。
Description
相关申请
本申请是未决的国际申请PCT/US00/05387的部分继续,国际申请于2000年2月28日递交,名称为“检测和杀伤上皮癌细胞的方法”。
发明领域
本发明涉及检测上皮癌的方法。
本发明的另一方面是涉及选择性杀伤上皮癌细胞的方法。
在更进一步的方面,本发明涉及在正常细胞存在的情况下检测上皮癌细胞和/或选择性杀伤这种细胞的方法,其中癌细胞线粒体在足够长的时间内保留线粒体标记剂,以识别和/或杀伤这种细胞。定义
本文使用的下列术语具有所指出的含义:
“癌”或“癌性的”细胞在广义上使用,包括入侵的癌细胞,原位癌细胞和严重发育异常的细胞。
“线粒体标记剂”意指一种化合物,其被活的癌细胞的线粒体选择性地吸收,并选择性地在癌细胞中保留足够的时间,使得识别和/或杀伤癌细胞,或使癌细胞丧失能力。
“杀伤”细胞意指或者引起细胞死亡、凋亡,或者引起细胞不能繁殖和转移的改变。
“加合物”意指线粒体标记剂和癌症化学治疗剂的共价或非共价反应产物。
“佐剂”意指是线粒体标记剂,其与其它化学治疗剂结合,协同地或通过与其他试剂的加和作用,使杀伤癌细胞的能力提高。
发明背景
使用选择性“染色”因发育异常,过度增生,肿瘤发生和其它活性表面损伤引起的异常组织的染料组合物,检测恶性和癌变前上皮损伤或癌瘤的体内诊断方法是本领域已知的。这些诊断方法使用将癌性底物染色的染料,癌性底物在可见光下是可检测到的,或使用将底物染色的荧光染料,当用可见光谱以外波长的光照射时,底物是可检测到的。
例如,在Chenz,中国口腔病学杂志(27:44-47(1992))和Filurin(口腔病学(俄罗斯)72:44-47(1993))中公开了使用荧光素和荧光素衍生物的方法。这些方法包括使用染料,接着在紫外光下检查,以检测选择性发出荧光的癌/癌变前组织。另一种现有技术的方法包括用甲苯胺蓝漂洗上皮,接着通过普通的视觉检查检测任何选择性染色的组织。这种方法已被公开,例如在Burkett(美国6,086,852),Tucci(美国5,372,801)和Mashberg(美国4,321,251)的专利中公开。以类似的方式使用其它噻嗪染料和恶嗪染料在Pomerantz的美国专利5,882,627中公开。
迄今为止,已经建立理论,认为这种染料选择性“标记”癌性组织是因为染料保留在癌性组织细胞间相对较大的间隙空间中,而不能有效地透过正常组织较紧密的细胞内连接,或选择性地保留在这种相对较小的空间中。
与甲苯胺蓝因选择性保留在癌细胞间相对较大的间隙中,从而选择性标记癌上皮组织的看法相反,这种阳离子染料,例如若丹明、荧光素、恶嗪和噻嗪染料(包括甲苯胺蓝)和其它阳离子超活体标记剂选择性染色上皮组织的机制是,标记剂在癌细胞线粒体中被选择性吸收和选择性保留。这种选择性的线粒体吸收和保留明显是由于与正常细胞线粒体相比,癌细胞线粒体的较高电位(在膜内侧上的负电荷)。参见,例如Chen等,癌细胞1/改变的表型,75-85(冷泉港实验室,1984);Lampidis等,癌症研究43,716-720(1983)。事实上,超活体阳离子染料和其它超活体阳离子标记剂对癌细胞的选择性标记和在癌细胞线粒体中的保留与癌细胞的一种特性有关,该特性看来是造成癌细胞快速克隆生长和转移能力的原因,即,癌细胞线粒体的较高电位是细胞能量的来源,是细胞产生ATP(三磷酸腺苷)的驱动力。
发明概述
我们现已发现一种通过选择性标记癌上皮细胞线粒体而在体内检测癌上皮细胞的方法。
另一方面,我们发现一种在正常细胞存在的情况下选择性杀伤癌细胞的治疗方法。
我们的检测方法包含下列步骤,将阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂递送至上皮(其包含正常的和癌性的细胞)可疑癌性部位位点的组织,从而引起所述标记剂被吸收并选择性保留在癌细胞的线粒体中。然后通过任何适宜的方法检测癌细胞,例如,在可见光或所选择的不可见光下,进行仪器或视觉检查。
在又一实施方案中,标记剂被线粒体吸收后,在可疑癌性部位的位点使用漂洗试剂,从而提高标记剂自正常细胞线粒体释放的速度,进而增加诊断方法的选择性。
根据本发明的另一重要实施方案,我们提供一种选择性杀伤癌上皮细胞的方法,包括下列步骤:用阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂在可疑癌性部位的位点接触癌细胞,以引起细胞死亡或使癌细胞基本上不能增殖。可以单一的不连续剂量,或连续地,或重复的不连续剂量将标记剂递送至癌细胞,每次给药后使用或不使用漂洗试剂。
在本发明的又一实施方案中,我们提供了一种提高癌症化学治疗剂的选择性和杀伤癌细胞能力的方法,包括下列步骤:或者(1)形成阳离子超活体标记剂和化学治疗剂的反应产物,并将反应产物递送至癌性上皮细胞,或者(2)将阳离子超活体标记剂与癌化学治疗剂结合,通过加和或协同效果,或二者兼有,提高化学治疗剂的选择性和杀伤能力。
本发明的这些,其它和进一步的实施方案对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的,可以通过下列实施例更好地理解本发明。实施例用于说明本发明,而不是对其范围的限定,本发明的范围仅通过权利要求加以限定。
在本发明的实践和以下操作实施例中,阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂,包括
染料,包括甲苯胺蓝0,阿利辛蓝,孔雀绿,酚藏花红,吖啶黄素,焦宁Y,甲苯蓝和亮绿;和
“非-染料”化合物,包括甲基花青素,羟基硫胺素,替莫碘铵,依利醋铵和呋唑氯铵。
根据本发明目前的优选实施方案,优选的线粒体标记剂是恶嗪和噻嗪类染料。噻嗪类染料是特别优选的,尤其是甲苯胺蓝0,天青A,天青B及其环取代和N-取代类似物。
为了被选择性吸收并被保留在癌细胞线粒体中,标记剂或标记剂+化学治疗剂的反应产物必须具有低于大约5,000的分子量。此外,由于各种密切相关的类似物的选择标记和治疗活性的显著差异,标记剂的分子结构似乎显著影响其在正常活细胞存在的情况下,选择标记和/或杀伤活的癌细胞的能力。这些细胞标记和杀伤能力的差异与标记剂分子的结构特点有关,例如,标记剂分子的环-取代和N-取代的类型和位置,其涉及下列作用机理中的一种、多种或全部:
1.标记剂分子的结构,例如,阳离子分子上环和N-取代的位置和性质,影响正电荷的有效性并阻碍标记剂或其“堆积”基团被线粒体膜上或线粒体内部的负电荷吸引。
2.标记剂分子的结构使其插入癌细胞线粒体DNA或沿着癌细胞线粒体DNA的外部“堆积”。
3.标记剂分子的结构使其或其堆积基团与线粒体中特异性活性位点结合,例如与4种特异性蛋白结合,和/或与线粒体膜内表面的心肌磷脂沉淀。
4.标记剂的结构影响其还原电位及其变为不带电荷的“无色”形式的趋势。
5.标记剂的结构影响其酸度(pKa),而且,又影响阳离子标记剂在生理pH下脱质子的能力。这样,阳离子形式的染料可被吸引到线粒体膜的外表面,在线粒体膜上,染料阳离子可能丢失质子并伴随丢失其正电荷,由此释放中性形式的染料,其可以更容易地透过膜的非极性基质,并得以进入线粒体内部。
机制1染料-膜)、2(染料-碱基对或染料-染料)、和3(染料-蛋白质或染料-脂质)的分子间相互作用取决于染料的疏水性-亲脂性,该性质可以通过各种方法评估,其中的一种方法是评估水溶液和低极性有机溶剂,如1-辛醇之间的分配系数(即,log P值)。机制4和5取决于疏水性-亲脂性,这是由于反应物和产物在还原电位(氧化形式对还原形式)和pKa(中性形式对带电形式)的不同溶剂化作用。例如,相对于仲胺(R2NH2 +),疏水性阻碍质子化叔脂肪胺(R3NH+)的溶剂化作用,由此降低它们的酸度。
根据本发明目前的优选实施方案,使用log P值约从-1.0至5的阳离子超活体标记剂。
提供下列实施例以使本领域的技术人员理解并实现本发明,并确定目前的优选实施方案。这些实施例仅用于说明之目的,而不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围仅通过附加的权利要求来限定。
实施例1
活体癌细胞中线粒体标记剂的吸收和保留
在含有20%胎牛血清,1mM谷氨酰胺,氢化可的松,胰岛素,铁传递蛋白,雌二醇,硒和生长激素的RPMI培养基中,制备100,50,10和1μg/ml不同浓度的各种阳离子标记剂。
用每一种标记剂和浓度,在具有5%CO2和95%相对湿度的组织培养恒温箱中,37EC培养癌细胞5分钟,然后使用与1%醋酸孵育2分钟的方法漂洗两次。培养和漂洗之后,在第30分钟,1小时,2小时,4小时和8小时收集细胞。然后用2-丁醇提取细胞,用分光光度法对标记剂进行定量分析。
结果表明标记剂在癌细胞和正常细胞线粒体中的积聚速率和标记剂自癌细胞释放的选择性具有浓度依赖性,但是这种浓度依赖性开始不太明显。甲苯胺蓝0的饱和浓度出现在10μg/ml和以上的浓度。类似地可以确定其它标记剂的饱和浓度。除非另有说明,甲苯胺蓝0的保留实验在10μg/ml的浓度进行,其它标记剂的保留实验在用这种方法确定的饱和浓度进行。
实施例2
标记剂在活细胞中的线粒体定位
在培养和漂洗各种细胞系之后,使用不同的阳离子标记剂,通过使用共聚焦高分辨率显微镜和相差显微镜分析标记剂的线粒体定位。
在包括20%的胎牛血清和生长因子的完全生长培养基中培养活细胞,并在37EC保持。这些细胞在线粒体中积聚并保留标记剂。当这些细胞随后在不含标记剂的培养基中生长时,癌细胞保留标记剂超过大约1小时,但正常上皮细胞在约15分钟内释放标记剂。
与活细胞相比,死细胞和用逸散线粒体膜电位的标记剂处理过的细胞失去线粒体染色并在细胞核中积聚标记剂。
实施例3
标记剂自线粒体膜电位逸散的线粒体释放
用改变线粒体电位的已知试剂预处理上皮癌细胞,接着用阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂处理。这些预处理试剂包括叠氮化物和氰化物制剂和二硝基苯酚。
上皮癌细胞同样经各种染料预染色,然后用这些已知试剂进行后处理。分析染料自细胞的释放或染料向他亚细胞间隔,包括向细胞核的转移。
用这些试剂预处理的细胞不能在线粒体中积聚染料,用这些试剂进行后处理,预染色细胞的线粒体释放染料。
实施例4
鳞状癌的组织外植体
分析切除的上皮癌新鲜外植体的标记剂吸收和保留。切除后,从周围组织显微解剖癌瘤,切成3mm切片,并作为外植体组织培养物在37℃培养。然后这些外植体与各种标记剂孵育,然后提取以量化标记剂。
口腔癌(SqCHN)快速吸收标记剂并延长这些标记剂的保留。在没有标记剂的培养基中培养大约1小时之后,标记剂开始从细胞释放。然而,当细胞在不合生长因子,胎牛血清和其他培养基添加剂的培养基中培养时,标记剂释放得更快。当细胞在不利条件如低温下生长时,标记剂也较快地释放。
实施例5
正常上皮细胞的组织外植体
用外科手术方法从口腔上皮正常区域获得的细胞被作为正常上皮培养物培养。然后这些培养物与标记剂孵育,以分析标记剂的吸收和保留。
与癌细胞不同,正常上皮细胞从它们的线粒体快速释放标记剂,且自细胞释放得更快。至10-15分钟,大多数标记剂从线粒体释放。
实施例6
标记剂-化学治疗剂加合物
使用下列阳离子线粒体标记剂和各种已知化学治疗剂的加合物替换实施例1-5的标记剂,除了癌细胞杀伤率和化学治疗剂的选择性实质上提高之外,结果基本相似。
标记剂 化学治疗剂
甲苯胺蓝0 甲氨喋呤
若丹明123 氮芥
实施例7
佐剂组合物
已知癌化学治疗剂和线粒体标记剂的下列组合显示出协同或至少加和的癌细胞杀伤效果:
化学治疗剂 阳离子标记剂
紫杉醇 甲苯胺蓝
泰索帝 天青A
长春新碱 阿利辛蓝
选择性治疗的效果
在下列实施例中,根据2000年7月11日授权给Burkett的美国专利6,086,852,中公开的制造方法制备甲苯胺蓝药物。然后用半制备的HPLC分馏和分离药物组分,生产在‘852专利中鉴定的,由峰5、6、7和8代表的类似物。由峰7和8代表的化合物是甲苯胺蓝异构体区(regioisomers),在-2位(峰8)和-4位(峰7)具有环甲基。峰5代表的化合物是峰7的N-脱甲基衍生物,峰6代表的化合物是峰8的N-脱甲基衍生物。
实施例8
与活的正常口腔上皮细胞相比,分析甲苯胺蓝0分馏过程中获得的由峰5、6、7和8代表的化合物,对活的口腔癌细胞(SqCHN)的选择毒性。鳞状癌细胞和正常上皮细胞的分离培养物与不同的染料馏分孵育,然后用不含染料的培养基清洗。然后再在生长培养基中培养细胞,观察8天以确定细胞杀伤的程度。与仅仅大约20%正常细胞的杀伤相比,峰6化合物导致95%癌细胞的死亡。峰8化合物显示89%的癌细胞死亡,而它仅引起约20%正常细胞的杀伤。因而,峰6和8化合物的选择性保留对癌细胞是有选择毒性的。
阳离子染料选择性进入线粒体导致线粒体电位的中断,该电位是细胞能量的来源和细胞产生ATP(三磷酸腺苷)的驱动力。癌细胞快速分裂和转移的能力取决于这种高能量源泉的有效性。
然而,对电荷的作用似乎不是涉及的唯一机制,因为由峰5和峰7代表的化合物也是阳离子染料,它们却未表现出与峰6和8相同的对癌的选择毒性。因此,峰6和8的化合物看来具有其它的分子性能,导致它们对癌细胞的选择毒性。
实施例9
峰6和8化合物的治疗特性是通过进一步的体内试验确定的,体内试验使用其它癌细胞和正常上皮细胞的分离物,按照实施例8的方法进行。试验项目包括头和颈、食道、肺、子宫颈和皮肤的其他鳞状癌,以及其它类型的癌,包括腺癌,淋巴瘤和肉瘤。用携瘤动物进行“肿瘤生长阻滞”和“肿瘤消退测定”的体内试验,包括植入Balb-C小鼠头和颈和肺的癌瘤,以分析这些化合物的体内治疗效果。这些进一步的体外和体内试验证实了峰6和8化合物对较多种癌细胞的选择毒性。
已经以使本领域技术人员能够理解和实施的方式描述了本发明,而且已经确定了本发明目前的优选实施方案。
Claims (10)
1.一种通过选择性标记癌上皮细胞线粒体而在体内检测癌上皮细胞的诊断方法,包括将阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂递送至上皮的步骤。
2.一种选择性杀伤上皮癌细胞的方法,包括将阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂递送至上皮癌细胞的步骤。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中标记剂是阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂和癌化学治疗药物的反应产物。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中标记剂和其它的癌化学治疗药物共同递送至上皮癌细胞,该癌化学治疗药物通过与标记剂杀伤癌细胞不同的机制选择性杀伤癌细胞。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中对阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂进行选择以提供一种分子结构,该结构不会阻碍标记剂的正电荷被线粒体膜上的负电荷吸引。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中对阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂进行选择以提供一种分子结构,该结构允许标记剂与线粒体的特异性位点结合。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中对阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂进行选择以提供一种结构,该结构可以插入线粒体的DNA或者沿着线粒体DNA堆积。
8.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中对阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂进行选择以提供一种分子结构,该结构影响标记剂的还原电位以使其在进入线粒体之前、之中或之后,变为不带电荷的无色形式。
9.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中对阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂进行选择,以提供一种在生理pH下脱质子的分子结构。
10.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中阳离子超活体线粒体标记剂具有0-5的log P值。
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WOPCT/US00/05387 | 2000-02-28 | ||
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PCT/US2000/005387 WO2001064110A1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2000-02-28 | Method for detecting and killing epithelial cancer cells |
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JP (1) | JP2003525044A (zh) |
KR (2) | KR100907122B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100544770C (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2000237154A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0104747A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2370741A1 (zh) |
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IL (1) | IL146141A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01010886A (zh) |
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NZ (1) | NZ515202A (zh) |
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CN105510321A (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 闫文广 | 用于上皮组织肿瘤细胞的检测剂组合物及其制备方法 |
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WO2001064110A1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-09-07 | Zila, Inc. | Method for detecting and killing epithelial cancer cells |
EP1294408A4 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2005-01-05 | Zila Inc | DIAGNOSTIC AGENT BASED ON RHODAMINE AND METHODS FOR DETECTING EPITHELIAL CANCER |
BR0015706A (pt) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-07-16 | Zila Inc | Processo prognóstico para a previsão precoce do eventual desenvolvimento de cãncer invasivo |
JP2005514040A (ja) * | 2001-12-14 | 2005-05-19 | ズィラ、インコーポレイテッド | 癌の予後および診断のための光指向性分子分析 |
US6929817B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2005-08-16 | National Starch & Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Slowly digestible starch product |
US7081261B2 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2006-07-25 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Resistant starch prepared by isoamylase debranching of low amylose starch |
US6890571B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2005-05-10 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Slowly digestible starch product |
MXPA04012031A (es) * | 2002-06-04 | 2005-03-07 | Zila Biotechnology Inc | Sustancia farmacologica azul de toluidina o y su uso para tincion in vivo y quimioterapia de tejidos displasicos. |
MX2007003777A (es) * | 2004-09-30 | 2007-05-24 | Zila Biotechnology Inc | Metodo de luz dirigida para detectar y ayudar en la evaluacon adicional de tejido mucoso anormal. |
US20090196850A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 | 2009-08-06 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Anti-Kir Combination Treatments and Methods |
EP2662084A1 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2013-11-13 | N.V. Nutricia | Mixture of non-digestible oligosaccharides for stimulating the immune system |
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US4321251A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1982-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Detection of malignant lesions of the oral cavity utilizing toluidine blue rinse |
US5194373A (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1993-03-16 | Thomas Jefferson University | Method of determining endothelial cell coverage of a prosthetic surface |
US4816395A (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1989-03-28 | Peralta Cancer Research Institute | Method for predicting chemosensitivity of anti-cancer drugs |
JP3549880B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-31 | 2004-08-04 | ジラ・インコーポレーテッド | 生物学的染料組成物、調製方法および上皮癌描写への使用方法 |
JPH10511702A (ja) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-11-10 | ジラ・ファーマスーティカルス・インコーポレーテッド | 口部癌及び前癌症状のin vivoでの検出のための方法及び組成物 |
US6086852A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2000-07-11 | Zila, Inc. | In vivo stain composition, process of manufacture, and methods of use to identify dysplastic tissue |
WO2000038665A2 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-06 | G.D. Searle & Co. | Use of an integrin antagonist and one or more antineoplastic agents as a combination therapy in the treatment of neoplasia |
WO2001064110A1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-09-07 | Zila, Inc. | Method for detecting and killing epithelial cancer cells |
CN1374855A (zh) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-10-16 | 日拉公司 | 用于检测发育异常上皮组织的改进诊断方法 |
BR0015706A (pt) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-07-16 | Zila Inc | Processo prognóstico para a previsão precoce do eventual desenvolvimento de cãncer invasivo |
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CN105510321A (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 闫文广 | 用于上皮组织肿瘤细胞的检测剂组合物及其制备方法 |
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CN100544770C (zh) | 2009-09-30 |
WO2001064110A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 |
AU4331601A (en) | 2001-09-12 |
IL146141A0 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
AU2000237154A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
WO2001064255A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 |
EP1214101A4 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
EP1214101A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
CA2370741A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 |
KR100907122B1 (ko) | 2009-07-09 |
CZ20013861A3 (cs) | 2002-08-14 |
NZ515202A (en) | 2003-05-30 |
NO20015242D0 (no) | 2001-10-26 |
BR0104747A (pt) | 2002-09-17 |
KR20020000222A (ko) | 2002-01-05 |
AU785489B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
MXPA01010886A (es) | 2002-05-06 |
KR20080080681A (ko) | 2008-09-04 |
JP2003525044A (ja) | 2003-08-26 |
RU2226404C2 (ru) | 2004-04-10 |
NO20015242L (no) | 2001-11-29 |
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