CN1183067C - 制备烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的改进方法和其产品 - Google Patents
制备烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的改进方法和其产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1183067C CN1183067C CNB988092581A CN98809258A CN1183067C CN 1183067 C CN1183067 C CN 1183067C CN B988092581 A CNB988092581 A CN B988092581A CN 98809258 A CN98809258 A CN 98809258A CN 1183067 C CN1183067 C CN 1183067C
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- Prior art keywords
- alkylation
- product
- zeolite
- catalyst
- catalyzer
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/04—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents by chemical means, e.g. by sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
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Abstract
本发明属于制备烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法的领域。本方法包括2个基本步骤去线性化和烷基化的组合。本文中选择的去线性化步骤将特定类型的有限的支链引入到具有10个或更多个但不多于约16个碳原子的脂族烃中。该烃包括具有适合于洗涤剂制备的烃链长度例如C10-C14的烯烃,或相应的烷烃。第2个基本步骤是烷基化步骤,其具有0到不大于约40的内异构体选择性,其中使用烃用烷基化催化剂将苯催化单烷基化。这样的烷基化催化剂优选包括含有至少部分结晶的多孔沸石的固体,该沸石具有适度的酸度和中等的孔径大小。优选的烷基化催化剂包括某些至少部分脱铝的酸性的非氟化丝光沸石。本方法还包括磺化,中和及将得到的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂加入到消费品中。本发明还涉及该方法制造的产品,包括改性的表面活性剂和含有它们的消费清洗产品。
Description
发明领域
本发明属于制备烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法的领域。本方法包括2个基本步骤去线性化和烷基化的组合。本文中选择的去线性化步骤将特定类型的有限的支链引入到具有10个或更多个但不多于约16个碳原子的脂族烃中。该烃包括具有适合于洗涤剂制备的烃链长度例如C10-C14的烯烃,或相应的链烷烃。第2个基本步骤是烷基化步骤,其具有0到不大于约40的内异构体选择性,其中使用烃用烷基化催化剂将苯催化单烷基化。这样的烷基化催化剂优选包括含有至少部分结晶的多孔沸石的固体,该沸石具有适度的酸度和中等的孔径大小。优选的烷基化催化剂包括某些至少部分脱铝的酸性的非氟化丝光沸石。本方法还包括磺化,中和及将得到的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂加入到消费品中。本发明还涉及该方法制造的产品,包括改性的表面活性剂和含有它们的消费清洗产品。
发明背景
历史上在洗涤剂中使用高度支链化的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂,例如基于四聚丙烯的那些(称之为“ABS”或“TPBS”)。可是,发现它们的生物降解性非常差。随之而来的是长时间的改进烷基苯磺酸盐的制备方法,使得它们尽可能是直链的(“LAS”)。绝大部分现有技术的直链烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的制造涉及这一目的。在当今美国使用中的大规模工业烷基苯磺酸盐方法涉及直链烷基苯磺酸盐。然而,直链烷基苯磺酸盐并不是没有限制的,例如如果改进硬水和/或冷水清洗性质的话,它们是更理想的。
在石油工业中,最近已经开发了各种方法,例如生产低粘度润滑油的方法,其发明人现在已经发现了如何将烃去线性到一有限和控制程度的新知识。可是,这样精密的去线性化不是在不同领域的用于消费品的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂制造方法中任何现行工业方法的特征。从绝大部分LAS表面活性剂现有技术教导直链化合物和避免去线性化的角度看这是不奇怪的。
大部分制备烷基苯的工业方法依靠苯的HF或氯化铝催化烷基化。最近,已经发现:对于苯与烯烃的烷基化可以使用某些沸石催化剂。这样的方法步骤已经描述于其它的常规制备直链烷基苯磺酸盐的方法中,例如,UOP的DETAL方法使用了沸石烷基化催化剂。据信DETAL方法和所有其它现行的制备烷基苯磺酸盐的工业方法都没有满足本发明方法和下文中定义的烷基化催化剂的内异构体选择性要求。此外,据信DETAL方法的催化剂没有在本发明方法中使用的烷基化催化剂的适度的酸性和中间孔径大小。其它最近的文献描述了使用丝光沸石作为烷基化催化剂,但没有公开使用本发明要求的特定方法步骤的组合。此外,从在烷基苯磺酸盐产品的常规已知方法中需要的线性来看,它们通常也包括在烷基化之前提供或制备基本上直链烃而不是去线性烃的步骤。一个可能的例外是US5026933,例如,它包括低级烯烃例如丙烯在很窄的限定条件下使用可力丁去活化的ZSM-23低聚,从而形成含有每个链具有1.3甲基支链的四聚物的组合物,接着分馏和用丝光沸石催化剂烷基化。见实施例XVII。也参见US4990718,其中烷基苯是通过这样的方法制备的,该方法通过在铬催化剂存在下二聚生产亚乙烯烯烃,但其中该亚乙烯基的收率受低聚的不利影响并且在该方法中在烷基化之前需要蒸馏。可是,从洗涤剂工业的观点看,US5026993和US4990718的方法在以下方面有很多缺点:成本,丙烯低聚或烯烃二聚阶段催化剂的限制,存在大量需要排放或找到非洗涤剂顾客的蒸馏馏份,和有限范围的产物组合物,包括可得到的链长度的混合物。简言之,石油工业的上述开发从洗涤剂产品的专门配方师的观点看不是最佳的。
背景技术
US5026933;US4990718;US4301316;US4301317;US4855527;US4870038;US2477382;EP466558,1/15/92;EP469940,2/5/92;FR2697246,4/29/94;SU793972,1/7/81;US2564072;US3196174;US3238249;US3355484;US3442964;US3492364;US4959491;WO88/07030,9/25/90;US4962256;US5196624;US5196625;EP364012B,2/15/90;US3312745;US3341614;US3442965;US3674885;US4447664;US4533651;US4587374;US4996386;US5210060;US5510306;WO 95/17961,7/6/95;WO 95/18084;US5510306;US5087788;US4301316;US4301317;US4855527;US4870038;US5026933;US5625105和US4973788当作本发明的背景技术是有用的。最近已经综述了烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的制造。见“表面活性剂科学”系列丛书(“Surfactant Science”series,Marcel Dekker,New York,1996年)第56卷,特别包括标题为“烷基芳基磺酸盐:历史,制造,分析和环境性质”的第2章,第39-108页,它包括297篇参考文献。本文中参考的文献其整体引作参考。
发明概述
本发明基于令人意想不到的发现:将非低级烯烃或烷烃(“非低级”是指具有10个或更多个碳原子)的特别定义的去线性步骤与特别定义的选择烷基化步骤相组合,结果得到令人意想不到优异的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂产物。
因此,在一个方面,本发明涉及一种制备适用于清洗产品例如洗衣洗涤剂、硬表面清洗剂、餐具洗涤剂等中的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法,所述的方法包括:(a)通过在受限的骨架异构化催化剂存在下将基本上直链的预制成至少具有所述分子量的烯烃骨架异构化步骤,降低烯烃优选分子量至少约126并且不大于约280,更优选不大于224的烯烃的线性;和(b)在特别定义的烷基化催化剂存在下,将步骤(a)的产物与选自苯,甲苯和其混合物的芳香烃反应,具有低内异构体选择性(0-不大于40,优选0-不大于20,更优选0-不大于10,其使用下文中进一步定义的方法测定)的单烷基化步骤。上述催化剂包括下文中详细定义的具有适度酸性的中等孔径大小的沸石。特别优选的烷基化催化剂包括至少部分脱铝的酸性非氟化丝光沸石。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种制备适用于清洗产品的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法,所述的方法包括:(a)得到(制备或提供)降低线性烷基化试剂的步骤,该烷基化试剂选自分子量n至少为约126并且不大于约280的,由包括以下步骤的顺序步骤制备的烯烃:(i)将分子量为n+2的直链烷烃骨架异构化,这里n是所述烯烃的所述分子量;和(ii)将该异构化的烷烃脱氢;和(b)在烷基化催化剂存在下,将步骤(a)的降低了线性的烷基化试剂(即在该步骤产生的烃)与选自苯,甲苯和其混合物的芳香烃反应的单烷基化步骤,该烷基化催化剂与上述段落中所述实施方案中使用的相同。
本发明还包括根据上述本发明方面或实施方案的方法,其还包括另外的步骤(c)将步骤(b)的产物磺化;和一个或多个选自(d)将步骤(c)的产物中和的步骤;和步骤(e)将步骤(c)或(d)的产物与一种或多种清洗产品添加剂材料混合从而形成清洗产品。
此外,本发明也包括清洗产品,其包括由所述方法的任一个形成的重垢和轻垢洗衣洗涤剂,硬表面清洗剂,餐具洗涤剂,洗衣皂条,洗涤剂片或洗涤剂凝胶,香波等。
除非另有说明,本文中的所有百分数,比率和比例均按重量计。除非另有说明,所有温度都使用摄氏度(℃)。所有引用文献的相关部分均在本文中引作参考。
附图的简要说明
图1是制备直链烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的常规工业方法的方框图。
图2-4是根据本发明方法的方框图。图5是文献方法的方框图。使用大写字母例如A,B,C表示在这些方法中的步骤。号码例如1,2,3是指方法步骤中组合物进料和/或出料。
发明详述
参照附图的方法
参考图1-5将会更好地理解本发明的方法。如所指出的,图1是制备直链烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的常规工业方法的方框图。图2-4是根据本发明的方法的方框图。图5是文献方法的方框图。
为了与本发明的方法比较,制备LAS的常规工业方法,例如从煤油或其它烷烃制备的方法包括图1中的步骤A-E。基于基本上线性(通常>90%,一般>95%)是主要的常规知识,通常进行的努力是提供线性原料或提高原料的线性,例如用UOP的MOLEX筛分方法以便除去支链烷烃。在图1中进料流1一般是煤油。步骤A的产物,即图1中的2是直链或基本上直链的烷烃,通常是C10-C14直链烷烃。步骤B,脱氢步骤,在工业实践中通常是UOP的PACOL方法任选地通过UOP的DEFINE方法(DEFINE方法将原料中的任何二烯转变成单烯烃)使之完善,并产生直链或基本上直链的单烯烃作为出料3。在步骤C中将该直链烯烃烷基化,一般使用HF或氯化铝,不过最近对HF方法的改进采取使用氟化的无定型二氧化硅/氧化铝催化剂的液相烷基化步骤的形式。这样的方法包括UOP的DETAL方法和CEPSA(Petresa)和在美国专利例如US5344997,US5196574和US5334793中所述的方法。也参见US5245094。步骤D将产物烷基苯4磺化,并且步骤E将生产出的烷基苯磺酸5中和。磺化和中和步骤可以在远离用于生产直链烷基苯(LAB)步骤A-C的设备中进行。
参考图2的方法,令人惊奇地,本发明的方法要求有降低线性或去线性化的步骤,其中该去线性化应用于非低级烯烃或非低级烷烃原料6。该步骤作为步骤F示于图2中,并且在图3-4中通过将有限的支链引入到该非低级原料烯烃或烷烃中的特定步骤H和J(在图3-4中标为9和15)说明。另外,本发明方法要求有在图2-4中作为步骤G表示的用下文中详细定义的烷基化催化剂将烃烷基化的步骤(在图2-4中标为7,11和16)。本文中的上述催化剂通常是至少部分结晶的(其不是无定型的)并且不依赖于HF或其衍生物(包括氟化二氧化硅/氧化铝)或氯化铝,它是强酸性的和/或否则得到组成上令人不可接受的产品。更特别地,本文中的催化烷基化步骤可以使用下文中进一步描述和说明的特殊选择的沸石。将图2-4中所示和作为8,12,13,17和18所示方法中制备的改性烷基苯(MAB)磺化并通过如D和E所示的各个已知步骤中和。在优选的方法中,使用另外的步骤(作为14和19示于图3-4中)将磺化的MAB与洗涤剂添加剂混合在一起从而生产在步骤I中所示的新的消费清洗产品。
步骤B,在图3方法中的脱氢步骤作为出料10生产出线性降低的或去线性化的单烯烃。
在附图中所示的方法,无论它们是常规和工业实践的例如图1,或者是从文献已知的例如图5,或者是新的例如图2-4,都可以包括没有示于图中但本领域已知的任何另外的步骤。这样的步骤可以插在图中所示的步骤之间。这些步骤包括,例如使用非酸性沸石,使中间体物流通过吸附分离区域,以限制在烷基化进料中的二烷基四氢化萘。见例如US 2276231。其它这样的步骤包括通常蒸馏烷基苯的步骤。
为了进行比较,如图5所示的方法,是重现US5026933的现有技术的公知的方法。US5026933的方法没有被工业应用。在它的假设缺乏成功的工业开发之外的该方法的明显缺点包括其被限制在低级烯烃原料,示为21,特别是丙烯和/或丁烯(图5的步骤K);需要分馏,示为22(图5的步骤L),并且有大比例的被弃物不能用来制备清洗表面活性剂,示为20。该注意的是,按本发明定义的丙烯和/或丁烯或其它“低级”烯烃的低聚在本发明方法的基本步骤中不能实施。然后,在受限的烷基化催化剂的存在下,非被弃物流23与芳烃反应,(图5中的步骤M),产生直链烷基芳烃24。
方法的详细介绍
如在概述中所指出的,本发明涉及制备适用于清洗产品例如洗衣洗涤剂、硬表面清洗剂、餐具洗涤剂等的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法。
术语“改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂”(MAS)指的是本发明方法的产品。用于新的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂或新的烷基苯(MAB)的术语“改性”用作表明本发明方法的产品在组成上不同于迄今商业上所用的所有烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合格品。最特别的是本发明的组合物组成上不同于所谓的“ABS”或生物降解性能差的烷基苯磺酸盐,并且不同于所谓的“LAS”或直链烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂。常规的LAS表面活性剂通常通过几种方法是可以工业上得到的,这些方法包括使用HF-催化的或氯化铝催化的苯的烷基化。其它工业LAS表面活性剂包括通过DETAL方法生产的LAS。本发明的该改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂组成上也不同于用氟化沸石催化剂体系,包括氟化丝光沸石烷基化直链烯烃生产的那些。不受理论的限制,相信,本发明的该改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂是独特的轻度支化的。它们一般含有许多异构体和/或同系物。通常,这许多物质(通常几十种或甚至几百种)伴随着比较高的总含量的2-苯基异构体,2-苯基异构体含量至少超过目前DETAL方法,通常达到50%或甚至70%或更高。另外,本发明的该改性烷基苯磺酸盐产品在物理性能方面不同于已知的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂,例如具有改进的洗衣/硬表面清洗性能和在硬水中有极好的质量效力。
本发明包括一种方法,该方法包括(a)降低烯烃,优选分子量至少约126并且不大于约280的烯烃的线性。在优选的方法中,烯烃原料的一般烯烃分子量可以限制在约140-196。降低线性或“去线性化”与最近在烷基苯磺酸盐洗涤剂制备方面的发展是相矛盾的,基于仅严格限制线性将保证与环境的相容性的观点(该发明人认为是不正确的),其涉及增加线性。本发明观点的实质是若与后面的过程中的特殊类型的烷基化作用相结合,线性降低加工不必与保持生物降解性不相容,并且同时可以在性能或最终结果方面,使得达到该改性烷基苯磺酸盐产品和含有它的消费品的重要组成方面的优点。
通过在烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂中去线性化或轻度支链化达到有意义的改进的机会在技术上似乎是很有限的。其至少部分是由于在该特殊类型的表面活性剂中好的表面活性和好的溶解性需要的相当限定的总碳含量的范围。有用的最通常的LAS是基于窄至烷基苯磺酸盐分子的烷基部分约C10-C14的范围。即使其改进了其它的物理性能,但是去线性化该表面活性剂同时总的碳含量保持在该窄的范围,可以预期的是其使表面活性性能变坏。
在一个重要的方式中,本发明中的线性降低一般是通过选自如下的步骤完成的:在受限的骨架异构化催化剂的存在下,骨架异构化基本上直链的预制成至少具有所说的分子量的烯烃。
通过烯烃的骨架异构化降低线性
通过本发明的骨架异构化进行烯烃的去线性化的优选的原料烯烃是具有所需要的分子量的α-烯烃。一般可以从任何来源得到合适的烯烃。这样的烯烃包括通过直链烷烃的脱氢制备的那些,特别是包括通过UOP的PACOLTM和OLEXTM方法或者较不优选通过旧的Shell(CDC)方法加工煤油得到的那些;通过例如Shell,Gulf/Chevron,或Amoco(以前的Ethyl Corp.)方法进行乙烯聚合产生的α-烯烃;由裂化蜡衍生的α-烯烃;由费托合成方法衍生的α-烯烃或由Shell的SHOPTM方法得到的内烯烃。如所使用的,该烯烃可以含有不同量的非单烯烃物质,例如烷烃,只要这些物质实质上不妨碍骨架异构化步骤。如果烯烃原料含有不可接受的杂质,例如使得该骨架异构化催化剂中毒或带来其它困难的物质,可以通过已知的方法例如蒸馏来提纯该烯烃。如果在该烯烃中存在二烯烃杂质,可以通过UOP的DEFINETM方法把它们除去。
本发明的烯烃的骨架异构化一般可以用本领域公知的任何方法来完成。对于不同的目的合适受限的骨架异构化催化剂是已知的,包括选自沸石和硅铝磷酸盐的那些(后者在本文的别处可以简单地称为“铝磷酸盐”),该硅铝磷酸盐有一维孔结构,孔径约4.2埃-7埃。这样的催化剂的优选例子包括:(i)具有镁碱沸石同型骨架结构的沸石(更优选H-镁碱沸石);和(ii)非沸石型例如硅铝磷酸盐,包括但是不限于ALPO-31,SAPO-11,SAPO-31和ASPO-41。镁碱沸石型和SAPO-11或任何合适的同型结构沸石是特别优选的。本文所用的术语“同型的”指的是具有基本上等同的骨架结构,特别是关于孔尺寸等同的催化剂。本发明人已经发现,在US 5510306中介绍的骨架异构化催化剂和方法条件特别适用于本发明。US 5510306中介绍一种用于异构化直链烯烃成为甲基支链的异烯烃的活性的、稳定的催化剂,该催化剂是通过如下的方法制备的:(a)混合(i)含有至少一种具有至少一种具有孔径小到足以阻碍副产物二聚和形成焦碳并且大到足以容许直链烯烃进入和容许形成甲基支链的异烯烃的一维孔结构的沸石的沸石粉末;(ii)含氧化铝的粘合剂;(iii)水;(iv)至少一种选自单羧酸和无机酸的酸和(v)和至少一种多羧酸;(b)形成该混合物的小球;和(c)焙烧该小球。
优选的催化剂主要仅包括在一维具有特定孔径的沸石。更具体地,可以用于本发明规定的烯烃的骨架异构化的沸石、铝磷酸盐等的例子是氢型的镁碱沸石、AIPO-3、SAPO-11、SAPO-31、SAPO-41、FU-9、NU-10、NU-23、ZSM-12、ZSM-22、ZSM-23、ZSM-35、ZSM-48、ZSM-50、ZSM-57、MeAPO-11、MeAPO-31、MeAPO-41、MeAPSO-11、MeAPSO-31、MeAPSO-41、MeAPSO-46、ELAPO-11、ELAPO-31、ELAPO-41、ELAPSO-11、ELAPSO-31、ELAPSO-41、浊沸石、钙霞石、钾沸石、氢型辉沸石、镁或钙型丝光沸石和帕水硅铝钙石。很多天然沸石例如具有初始降低的孔径的镁碱沸石可以被转化为适合于本发明中烯烃骨架异构化那些形式,例如通过铵离子交换和焙烧除去缔合的碱金属或碱土金属,主要产生氢型,如在US 4795623和US 4924027中所教导的那样。值得注意的是,H-型丝光沸石不适合于本发明方法步骤,但是如后面所指出的,可以用于后面的烷基化步骤。
对于本发明的烯烃骨架异构化特别有用的是按照US 5082956的实施例1的方法制备的催化剂。也见WO 95/21225,例如其实施例1和说明书。
烷基化
本发明还包括在去线性化之后的去线性化的烯烃与选自苯、甲苯和它们的混合物的芳烃反应的单烷基化步骤。
内异构体选择性和烷基化步骤的选择
本发明方法需要具有的内异构体选择性为0-40,优选0-20,更优选0-10的烷基化步骤。对于任何给定的烷基化工艺步骤,如本文所定义的该内异构体选择性或“IIS”是通过在苯与1-十二碳烯的摩尔比为10∶1下进行烷基化试验测定的。在烷基化催化剂的存在下进行该烷基化作用,至少转化90%的十二碳烯,形成至少60%的单苯基十二烷。然后按照如下计算内并构体选择性:
其中,所说的量是产物的重量;末端苯基十二烷的量是2-苯基十二烷和3-苯基十二烷的总量,该苯基十二烷的总量是2-苯基十二烷和3-苯基十二烷和4-苯基十二烷和5-苯基十二烷和6-苯基十二烷的总量,其中所说的量是通过任意的公知烷基苯磺酸盐分析方法例如气相色谱法测定的。见分析化学(Analytical Chemistry),Nov.1983,55(13),2120-2126,Eganhouse等人,“通过银化薄层色谱-高分辨气相色谱和气相色谱/质谱测定环境试样中的长链烷基苯(Determination of long-chain alkylbenzenes in environmentalsamples by argentation thin-layer chromatography-highresolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography/massspectrometry)”。在按照上述的公式计算IIS时,该量被100相除,然后1减去该结果并乘上100。当然应该知道,用来表征或试验任何给定的烷基化步骤的适应性的具体烯烃是允许本发明的烷基化步骤与已知的用于制备直链烷基苯的烷基化步骤进行比较和允许本发明的专业人员决定所给定的已知烷基化步骤是否适用于构成本发明的系列工艺步骤的参考物质。在实施本发明的方法中,当然实际用于烷基化的烃原料是在前面的工艺步骤的基础上规定的。也应该注意的是,完全在烷基化步骤的IIS的基础上,所有目前工业制备LAS的方法都不在本发明中。例如,基于氯化铝、HF等的LAS方法都有超出本发明方法所规定的范围的IIS。相反,在文献中介绍的而不是目前应用于工业烷基苯磺酸盐生产的几个烷基化步骤却的确具有合适的IIS并且适用于本发明。
为了更好地帮助专业人员确定IIS和决定是否给定的烷基化工艺步骤适合于本发明,下面是更具体的IIS确定的实施例。
如上所指出的,苯与1-十二碳烯的试验烷基化是在苯与1-十二碳烯的摩尔比是10∶1,并且是在烷基化催化剂的存在下进行烷基化,十二碳烯的转化率是至少90%,形成的单苯基十二烷是至少60%。一般地,该烷基化试验必须在下列条件下进行:反应时间少于200小时,反应温度约15℃-500℃,优选约20℃-500℃。压力和催化剂浓度相对于1-十二碳烯可以在很宽的范围变化。没有非苯溶剂用于该试验烷基化。用于测定上述的催化剂或烷基化步骤的IIS的工艺条件可以根据文献选定。专业人员一般将根据大体的公知的烷基化的文献资料使用合适的条件。例如,如果AlCl3烷基化可以用于本发明,所确定的合适的工艺条件由以下举例说明:相对于1-十二碳烯5摩尔%AlCl3,在间歇式反应器中,在20-40℃反应0.5-10小时。这样一个试验说明,AlCl3烷基化步骤是不适用于本发明的方法。应该得到约48的IIS。在另一个实施例中,使用HF作为催化剂的烷基化的合适的试验应该得到约60的IIS。因此,AlCl3烷基化或HF烷基化都不在本发明的范围内。对于中孔沸石,例如脱铝丝光沸石,适合于测定IIS的工艺条件由以下举例说明:1-十二碳烯与苯以10∶1的摩尔比通过丝光沸石催化剂,WHSV为30小时-1,反应温度约200℃,压力约200psig,对于丝光沸石催化剂,IIS应该是约0。预计进行丝光沸石烷基化试验的温度和压力(也见后面本发明方法的详述的实施例)一般更适用于试验沸石和其它择形烷基化催化剂。使用例如H-ZSM-4催化剂,应该得到约18的IIS。很明显,对于本发明,脱铝丝光沸石和H-ZSM-4催化的烷基化都得到可以接受的IIS,而用丝光沸石是优选的。
烷基化催化剂
在烷基化方法步骤中达到所要求的IIS通过紧密控制选择烷基化催化剂是可能的。容易确定许多烷基化催化剂是不合适的。不合适的烷基化催化剂包括DETAL工艺催化剂、氯化铝、HF、沸石载HF、氟化的沸石、非酸性钙丝光沸石和很多其它催化剂。实际上,在洗涤剂直链烷基苯磺酸盐的工业生产中目前用于烷基化的烷基化催化剂还没有找到合适的。
相反,本发明中合适的烷基化催化剂选自择形中等酸性烷基化催化剂,优选沸石。在这样的用于烷基化步骤(步骤(b))的催化剂中,该沸石优选选自
丝光沸石、ZSM-4、ZSM-12、ZSM-20、菱钾沸石、钠菱沸石和至少部分酸性形式的沸石β。更优选的是,在步骤(b)(烷基化步骤)中的沸石基本上是酸形式,并且含在含有常规粘合剂的催化剂颗粒中,另外,其中所说的催化剂颗粒含有至少约1%,优选至少5%,更优选50%-约90%所说的沸石。
更一般的是,合适的烷基化催化剂一般是至少部分结晶的,更优选基本上是不包括粘合剂或其它用于形成催化剂颗粒的物质、聚集体或复合物的晶体。另外,该催化剂一般至少是部分酸性的。例如,完全交换的Ca-型丝光沸石是不合适的,而H-型丝光沸石是合适的。该催化剂适用于后面的权利要求书中的步骤(b)所说明的烷基化步骤,它们相应于图2-4中的步骤G、H和J。
表征用于本发明烷基化方法的沸石的孔基本上可以是圆形的,例如在具有约6.2埃的均匀孔的钙霞石中,或优选可以是稍微椭圆形的,例如在丝光沸石中。应该了解,在任何情况下,用作本发明方法的烷基化步骤的催化剂的沸石具有大孔沸石例如X和Y沸石和比较小的小孔沸石ZSM-5和ZSM-11之间的主要孔径的中孔,优选约6A和7A之间。实际上,ZSM-5是已经试验过的,发现其在本发明中不适合。某些沸石的孔径尺寸和晶体结构在ATLAS OF ZEOLITE STRUCTURETYPES,W.M.Meier和D.H.Olson著,the Structure Commissionof the International Zeolite Association出版(1978和更近的版本)并由Polycrystal Book Service,Pittsburgh,Pa发行,中作了规定。
用于本发明方法的烷基化步骤的沸石一般至少有10%的其阳离子位置被非碱金属或碱土金属离子占据。一般的,但是非限定性的替换离子包括铵、氢、稀土、锌、铜和铝。在这当中,特别优选的是调和的铵、氢、稀土或它们的组合。在一个优选的实施方案中,该沸石被转化为主要的氢型,一般地是通过替换碱金属或其它起始与氢离子前体例如铵离子一起存在的离子转化的,其在焙烧时得到氢型。通常使用公知的离子交换方法,使沸石与铵盐溶液例如氯化铵接触进行该交换。在某些优选的实施方案中,置换的程度是这样的,即使得产生一种其中至少50%的阳离子位置被氢离子占据的沸石材料。
可以把该沸石进行各种化学处理,包括氧化铝萃取(脱铝)和与一种或多种金属组分结合,特别是IIB,III,IV,VI,VII和VIII族金属。还考虑的是,在某些情况下,合乎要求的是该沸石可以进行热处理,包括蒸汽处理或在空气、氢气或惰性气体例如氮气或氦气中焙烧处理。
合适的改性处理需要把沸石与含有约5-100%蒸汽的气体在约250-1000℃下接触而汽蒸沸石。蒸汽处理可以持续约0.25-100小时,并且可以在低于常压至几百个大气压下进行。
在实施本发明方法所需要的烷基化步骤中,可能有用的是把上述中等孔径的结晶沸石掺在另外的材料例如粘合剂或基质中,所述另外的材料能耐在该方法中所用的温度和其它条件。这样的基质材料包括合成或天然存在的物质以及无机材料例如粘土、二氧化硅和/或金属氧化物。基质材料可以是包括二氧化硅和金属氧化物的混合物的凝胶的形式。后者可以是天然存在的或以凝胶或凝胶的沉淀物的形式。可以与沸石复合的天然存在的粘土包括蒙脱土和高岭土家族的那些,这些家族包括次-膨润土和通常称做Dixie、McNamee-Georgia和Fiorida粘土的高岭土或其中主要无机成分是埃洛石、高岭土、地开石、珍珠陶土或蠕陶土的其它材料。这些粘土可以以原始采矿的粗料状态使用,或以初期进行焙烧处理、酸处理或化学改性处理后的状态使用。
除了上述的材料之外,本发明中所用的中孔沸石可以与多孔基质材料复合,这些多孔基质材料是例如氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化镁、二氧化硅-氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化钍、二氧化硅-氧化铍和氧化硅-氧化钛,以及三元混合物例如二氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化钍、二氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化镁和二氧化硅-氧化镁-氧化锆。该基质可以是共凝胶形式。细碎的沸石与无机氧化物凝胶基质的相对比例可以在很宽的范围内变化,沸石的含量范围约为复合物的1-99重量%,更通常约为5-80重量%。
包括某些可以用于本发明的烷基化步骤的一组沸石具有的二氧化硅∶氧化铝比为至少10∶1,优选至少20∶1。在该说明书中,二氧化硅∶氧化铝比指的是结构或骨架比,即SiO4与AlO4四面体之比。该比例可以随通过各种物理和化学方法测定的二氧化硅∶氧化铝比而变化。例如总的化学分析可以包括以与在沸石上的酸性位置缔合的阳离子的形式存在的铝,因此,得到一个低二氧化硅∶氧化铝比。类似地,如果用氨解吸的热重分析(TGA)测定该比例,如果阳离子铝防止铵离子在酸性位置上的交换,就可能得到低的氨滴定值。当某些处理例如使用下面所述的导致游离于沸石结构的离子铝的存在的脱铝方法时,这些不一致是特别麻烦的。因此,应该适当小心,以保证正确地测定骨架二氧化硅∶氧化铝比。
在US 3,308,069中公开了适用于本发明的沸石β(但没有H-丝光沸石那么优选),该文献对该沸石及其制备方法作了详细介绍。以酸形式的这样一种沸石也是市场上可以买到的,例如由Zeochem买到的Zeocat PB/H。
当在有机阳离子存在的情况下制备该沸石时,它们是催化失活的,可能因为晶体内自由空间被形成溶液的有机阳离子占据。通过在惰性气氛,在540℃加热1小时,例如接着用铵盐进行碱交换,然后在空气中在540℃焙烧可以把它们活化。对于该沸石的形成,在形成的溶液中存在有机阳离子可能不是绝对必要的,但是似乎其有利于形成该特定类型的沸石。通过各种活化方法和其它处理例如碱交换、蒸汽处理、氧化铝萃取和焙烧,某些天然沸石有时可以转化成为所需类型的沸石。该沸石优选具有以干氢形式的晶体骨架密度基本上不低于约1.6g.cm-3。对于已知结构的该干密度可以按例如下面的文献给出的每1000立方埃的硅加铝的原子数来计算,该文献为:W.M.Meier著的有关沸石结构的文章的第19页,该文章在“Proceedings of theConference on Molecular Sieves,London,April 1967”中,由theSociety of Chemical Industry,London,1968出版。关于结晶骨架密度讨论的该论文作为参考文献。在USP4,016,218中给出了某些典型沸石的结晶骨架密度的进一步讨论以及其密度值,该文献作为参考文献。当以碱金属形式合成时,该沸石就很方便地转化为氢型,一般是由于铵离子交换的结果中间形成铵形式,以及焙烧该铵形式,就得到氢形式。已经发现,虽然氢形式的沸石成功地催化该反应,但是该沸石也可以部分是碱金属形式。
EP 466,558介绍了一种也可以用于本发明的酸性丝光沸石型烷基化催化剂,该催化剂的总的Si/Al原子比为15-85(15-60),Na的重量含量小于1000ppm(优选小于250ppm),附加网络铝物质的含量很少或为0,基本筛目体积小于2760nm3。
US 5,057,472介绍了用于本发明的烷基化催化剂的制备方法,其涉及酸稳定的含钠离子沸石的同时脱铝和离子交换,优选通过与0.5-3(优选1-2.5)M HNO3溶液接触得到的丝光沸石,该HNO3溶液含有足够的NH4NO3以完全把钠离子交换成NH4和H离子。所得到的沸石可能具有的SiO2∶Al2O3比为15-26(优选17-23)∶1,并且优选被焙烧至使至少部分转化NH4/H型为H型。任选地,虽然本发明不是特别地需要,但是该催化剂可以含有VIII族金属(和任选地也含有无机氧化物)与US 5,057,472的焙烧的沸石。
US 4,861,935公开了用于本发明的烷基化步骤的另外的酸性丝光沸石催化剂,其涉及加入氧化铝的氢型丝光沸石,该组合物的表面积为至少580m2/g。其它用于本发明的烷基化步骤的酸性丝光沸石催化剂包括在US 5,243,116和US 5,198,595中介绍的那些。在US5,175,135中介绍了用于本发明的另外的烷基化催化剂,其是酸性丝光沸石,其具有的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比为至少50∶1,通过X射线衍射分析测定的对称指数为至少1.0,空隙度是这样的,即总孔体积是约0.18cc/g-0.45cc/g,混合的中孔和大孔体积与总的孔体积的比是约0.25-0.75。
特别优选的本发明的烷基化催化剂包括从Zeochem买到的酸性丝光沸石催化剂ZeocatTM FM-8/25H;从Zeolyst International买到的CBV 90A;和从UOP Chemical Catalysts买到的LZM-8。
最一般的是,任何的烷基化催化剂都可以用于本发明,条件是该烷基化步骤满足前面规定的内异构体选择性要求。
基于烷烃原料的方法
在另一方面,本发明涉及制备适用于清洗产品的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法,所说的方法包括:(a)得到(制备或提供)降低线性烷基化试剂的步骤,该烷基化试剂选自分子量至少为约126并且不大于约280的,由包括下面步骤的顺序步骤制备的烯烃:(i)将分子量为n+2的直链烷烃骨架异构化,其中n是所述烯烃的所述分子量;和(ii)将该异构化的烷烃脱氢;和(b)具有内异构体选择性为0-40的单烷基化步骤,该步骤包括,在烷基化催化剂的存在下,将步骤(a)的产物与选自苯,甲苯和其混合物的芳香烃反应。该烷基化催化剂与由烯烃原料开始的上面定义的方法中步骤(b)使用的烷基化催化剂相同。该方法的产物可以被磺化、中和和与在本文中所述的基于烯烃原料的本发明的方法所定义的清洗产品组分掺合或混合。
直链烷烃的骨架异构化
用于本发明的骨架异构化进行烷烃去线性化的优选的原料烷烃是具有所需要的分子量的直链烷烃。更一般的是,可以从任何来源得到合适的烷烃。正如所使用的,该烷烃除了含有直链烷烃之外,可以含有不同量的其它物质,例如异链烷烃或烯烃,只要这些物质实质上不干扰该骨架异构化步骤。如果烷烃原料含有不可接受的杂质例如使得该骨架异构化催化剂中毒或带来其它困难的物质,可以通过已知的方法例如蒸馏或催化加氢的方法除去含硫的杂质来提纯该直链烷烃。合适的烷烃原料必须含有直链烷烃,这些原料通常是基于通过UOP的MOLEXTM方法处理的煤油。
一般地,任何适用于直链烷烃的烷基支链化,优选甲基支链化的催化剂都可用于本发明的方法。用于该步骤的优选的骨架异构化催化剂包括(i)具有镁碱沸石同型骨架结构(优选H-镁碱沸石)的沸石,(见例如US 5,510,306);和(ii)ALPO-31、SAPO-11、SAPO-31和SAPO-41。
含有SAPO-11的催化剂体系是优选的,其可以包括Pt-SAPO-11和Pd-SAPO-11,虽然铂型是优选的。见US 5,246,566和S.J.Miller,Microporous Materials,Vol.2(1994)439-449;后面的参考文献也提供了一个与几种其它有用的直链烷烃异构化催化剂的详细比较,但是这几种催化剂均不如含有SAPO-11的催化剂体系有效。尽管该文章明显润滑油脱蜡无关,但是Miller富有洞察力地指出,发现其适用于制备烷基苯磺酸盐。例如,在上面引用的MicroporousMaterials文章的第440页,Miller指出,在由多于一个碳原子分开的甲基支链方面,SAPO-11对偕二甲基物质的选择性是很低的。在本发明方法的烷烃骨架异构化步骤中使用SAPO-11,预计会给用于制备本发明的改性烷基苯、烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂和消费清洗组合物的支链烃确切地赋予这种性质。
骨架异构化的烷烃的脱氢
一般地,在本发明的方法中骨架异构化的烷烃的脱氢可以使用任何已知的脱氢催化剂体系或“常规脱氢催化剂”来完成,这些催化剂包括在本文的背景技术部分引用的参考文献表面活性剂科学丛书(Surfactant Science Series)以及在“包括沸石助洗剂和其它新材料的洗涤剂的制造(Detergent Manufacture Including ZeoliteBuilders and Other New Materials”,Ed.Sittig,Noyes DataCorp.,New Jersey,1979中介绍的那些和其它脱氢催化剂体系,例如可以在市场上由UOP Corp.买到的那些。脱氢可以在氢气和通常的贵金属催化剂的存在下进行,虽然另外的非氢气、没有贵金属的脱氢催化剂体系例如沸石/空气体系可以在没有贵金属存在下使用。
正如众所周知的,脱氢可以是完全脱氢或部分脱氢,更一般的是部分脱氢。当部分脱氢时,该步骤形成一种烯烃和未反应的烷烃的混合物。这种混合物是本发明方法的烷基化步骤合适的原料。
基于烷烃的方法中的烷基化
在本发明的基于烷烃的方法中烷基化步骤和烷基化催化剂与上面详细介绍的关于烯烃基方法中公开的烷基化步骤和烷基化催化剂是同样的。
烷基化后的步骤
本发明也包括一种根据任一上述的方面或具有附加步骤的实施方案(无论烷烃基或烯烃基)的方法,该方法是(c)磺化步骤(b)的产物;和一种或多种选自(d)中和步骤(c)的产物的步骤;和(e)将步骤(c)或(d)的产物与一种或多种清洗产品添加剂物质混合;由此形成清洗产品。
改性烷基苯的蒸馏
任选地,根据原料和所用步骤的精确顺序,本发明方法可以包括改性烷基苯的蒸馏,例如,除去未反应的原料、烷烃、过量的苯等。可以使用任何常规的蒸馏装置。通常的实践类似于用于工业直链烷基苯(LAB)的蒸馏的那些。在上文引入参考的表面活性剂科学丛书:烷基苯磺酸盐制造综述(Surfactant Science Series review ofalkylbenzenesulfonate manufacture)中介绍了合适的蒸馏步骤。
磺化和完成步骤
一般地,本发明方法中的改性烷基苯的磺化可以用任何熟知的磺化体系完成,包括在上文引入参考的“包括沸石助洗剂和其它新材料的洗涤剂的制造(Detergent Manufacture Including ZeoliteBuilder and Other New Materials)”以及上文引文参考的表面活性剂科学丛书:烷基苯磺酸盐制造综述(Surfactant Science Seriesreview of alkylbenzenesulfonate manufacture) 中介绍的那些。通常的磺化体系包括硫酸、氯磺酸、发烟硫酸、三氧化硫等。三氧化硫/空气是特别优选的。在Chemithon的US3,427,342中提供了使用合适的空气/三氧化硫混合物磺化的详细情况。
在本发明的方法中,可以使用任何方便的完成步骤。通常的实践是磺化之后用合适的碱中和。于是,可以用选自钠、钾、铵、镁和取代的铵碱和它们的混合物的碱来进行该中和步骤。钾可以增加溶解度,镁可以提高软化水性能,取代的铵可以帮助配制特殊种类的本发明的表面活性剂。钠形式的碱例如氢氧化钠是最常用的。更一般的是,优选的碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、碳酸钠、碳酸钾和它们的混合物。本发明包括通过本发明的方法生产的该改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的任何衍生物形式和它们在消费用品组合物中的用途。
另外,本发明的酸形式的表面活性剂可以直接加到酸性清洗产品中,或者可以与清洗组分混合,然后中和。
掺合实施方案
在一个优选的实施方案中,在本发明方法的磺化步骤之前,所说的步骤(c)的产品改性烷基苯与通过常规方法生产的直链烷基苯例如直链C10-C14烷基苯掺合。在另一个这样的实施方案中,在所说的磺化步骤之后的任意步骤中,本发明方法生产的改性烷基苯磺酸盐(酸式或中和的形式)与直链烷基苯磺酸盐例如通过常规方法生产的直链C10-C14烷基苯磺酸盐(酸式或中和的形式)掺合。在这些掺合实施方案中,可以按直链和改性烷基苯或它们的衍生物以重量比为100∶1-1∶100掺合。优选方法的改性烷基苯与直链烷基苯化合物的比例约为10∶90-50∶50。另一个优选方法的改性烷基苯与直链烷基苯化合物的比例约为51∶49-92∶8。
配制成清洗产品
本发明也包括通过本发明的方法生产的清洗产品,该清洗产品包括:
(a)约0.1%-99.8%,更一般最多至约50%的本发明制备的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂;和
(b)约0.00001%,更一般至少约1%-99.9%的一种或多种所说的清洗产品添加剂物质。
添加剂材料可以在很宽的范围内变化,因此,可以在很宽范围的量内使用。例如,洗涤酶如蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶等以及包括具有所有用于洗衣和清洗产品的锰或类似的过渡金属的大环型物质的漂白催化剂都可以用于本发明,其用量很低,或通常很少较高的量。
其它适合于本发明的清洗产品添加剂材料包括漂白剂,特别是氧漂白剂型漂白剂,包括活化和催化的形式,其具有这样的漂白活化剂如壬酰氧基苯磺酸盐和/或四乙酰基乙二胺和/或其任何衍生物或邻苯二甲酰亚氨基过氧己酸的衍生物或其它包括内酰胺型的亚氨基-或酰氨基-取代的漂白活化剂,或者更一般的是亲水和/或疏水漂白活化剂的任何混合物(特别是包括C6-C16取代的羟苯苯磺酸盐的那些的酰基衍生物);涉及或基于任何上述的漂白活化剂的预先形成的过酸,助洗剂,包括不溶性型助洗剂如沸石,包括沸石A、P和所谓的最大铝P以及可溶性型沸石例如磷酸盐和聚磷酸盐,任何含水的、水溶的或水不溶的硅酸盐、2,2’-氧联二琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐琥珀酸盐、乙醇酸盐、NTA和很多其它醚羧酸盐或柠檬酸盐、包括EDTA、S,S’-EDDS、DTPA和膦酸盐的螯合剂、水溶性聚合物、共聚物和三元共聚物,污垢解脱聚合物,包括任何已知的阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性离子型表面活性剂的辅助表面活性剂,荧光增白剂,加工助剂例如松脆剂和/或填料,溶剂,抗再沉积剂,聚硅氧烷/二氧化硅和其它泡沫抑制剂,水溶助长剂,香料或香料前体,染料,光漂白剂,增稠剂,简单盐和碱例如基于钠或钾的那些,包括氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐和硫酸盐等。当与本发明方法的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂结合时,任何无水的、含水的、水基的或溶剂基的清洗产物可以很容易地作成颗粒、液体、片、粉末、薄片、凝胶、挤出条、袋装的或胶囊包封的形式等。因此,本发明也包括各种通过任何所介绍的方法制备或形成的清洗产品。它们可以以离散剂量的形式用手或用机器使用,或者可以连续剂量加到所有合适的清洗用具或输送装置。
清洗产品详述
把本文所引用的参考文献引入本文作为参考。通过本发明的方法制备的表面活性剂组合物可以以很宽范围的消费清洗产品组合物的形式使用,其形式包括粉末、颗粒、凝胶、糊剂、片、袋、条、用双室容器输送的类型、喷雾剂或泡沫洗涤剂和其它均相或多相消费清洗产品形式。它们可以用手使用,和/或可以以单一的或自由变化的剂量使用,或通过自动分配装置使用,或在用具例如洗涤机或餐具洗涤机中使用,或在公共清洗场所中使用,包括例如在公共设施中个人清洗、洗涤瓶子、手术设备清洗或清洗电子元件。它们可能有一个宽范围的pH,例如约2-12或更高,它们可能有一个宽范围的碱度储备,当在使用中例如排水管疏通时其可以包括非常高的碱度储备,其中每100克制剂可以存在数十克当量的NaOH,范围为1-10克当量,液体手洗清洗用温和或低碱度,低至酸侧例如在酸性硬表面清洗剂中。包括高泡和低泡洗涤剂类型。
在“表面活性剂科学丛书(Surfactant Science Series)”,Marcel Dekker,New York,1-67卷和更高卷中介绍了消费品清洗组合物。特别是在67卷,“液体洗涤剂(Liquid Detergents)”,Ed.Kuo-Yann Lai,1997,ISBN 0-8247-9391-9中详细介绍了液体组合物,该文献在此列为参考文献。在“包括沸石助洗剂和其它新材料的洗涤剂的制造(Detergent Manufacture including ZeoliteBuilders and Other New Materials)”,Ed.M.Sittig,Noyes DataCorporation,1979中介绍了更经典的制剂,特别是颗粒型,该文献在此列为参考文献。也见Kirk Othmer’s Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology。
本发明的消费品清洗组合物非限定性地包括:
轻垢液体洗涤剂(LDL):这些组合物包括具有改进表面活性的镁离子(见例如WO 97/00930 A;GB 2,292,562 A;US 5,376,310;US5,269,974;US 5,230,823;US 4,923,635;US 4,681,704;US4,316,824;US4,133,779)和/或有机二胺和/或各种泡末稳定剂和/或泡末增效剂例如氧化胺(见例如US 4,133,779)和/或表面活性剂的皮肤感觉改进剂、润肤剂和/或包括蛋白酶的酶型、和/或抗菌剂的LDL组合物,在表面活性剂科学丛书(Surfactant Science Series),Vol.67,240-248页中列出了更综合性的专利。
重垢液体洗涤剂(HDL):这些组合物包括所谓的“结构化的”或多相的(见例如US 4,452,717;US 4,526,709;US4,530,780;US4,618,446;US4,793,943;US 4,659,497;US4,871,467;US4,891,147;US 5,006,273;US 5,021,195;US 5,147,576;US5,160,655)和“非结构化的”或各向同性液体型和一般可以是含水的或非水的(见例如EP 738,778A;WO97/00937A;WO97/00936A;EP752,466A;DE 19623623A;WO96/10073A;WO96/10072A;US4,647,393;US 4,648,983;US4,655,954;US4,661,280;EP 225,654;US 4,690,771;US4,744,916;US4,753,750;US 4,950,424;US5,004,556;US 5,102,574;WO 94/23009);和可以含有漂白剂(见例如US 4,470,919;US5,250,212;EP 564,250;US 5,264,143;US5,275,753;US5,288,746;WO 94/11483;EP 598,170;EP 598,973;EP 619,368;US 5,431,848;US 5,445,756)和/或酶(见例如US3,944,470;US 4,111,855;US 4,261,868;US 4,287,082;US4,305,837;US 4,404,115;US 4,462,922;US 4,529,5225;US4,537,706;US 4,537,707;US 4,670,179;US 4,842,758;US4,900,475;US 4,908,150;US 5,082,585;US 5,156,773;WO92/19709;EP 583,534;EP 583,535;EP 583,536;WO94/04542;US5,269,960;EP 633,311;US 5,422,030;US 5,431,842;US 5,442,100)或没有漂白剂和/或酶。在表面活性剂科学丛书(Surfactant Science Series),Vol.67,309-324页中列出了关于重垢液体洗涤剂的其它专利。
重垢颗粒洗涤剂(HDG):这些组合物包括所谓的“密实的”或附聚的或其它非喷雾干燥的,以及所谓的“蓬松的”或喷雾干燥型。包括磷酸盐型和非磷酸盐型。这样的洗涤剂可以包括更普通的阴离子表面活性剂基型或可以是所谓的“高非离子表面活性剂”型,其中通常非离子表面活性剂保持在吸附剂上或吸附剂中,该吸附剂例如沸石或其它多孔无机盐。在例如下述的文献中公开了HDG的制备:EP753,571A;WO 96/38531A;US 5,576,285;US 5,573,697;WO96/34082A;US 5,569,645;EP 739,977A;US 5,565,422;EP737,739A;WO 96/27655A;US 5,554,587;WO 96/25482A;WO96/23048A;WO 96/22352A;EP 709,449A;WO 96/09370A;US 5,496,487;US 5,489,392和EP 694,608A。
“软性洗涤剂(Softergent)”(STW):这些组合物包括各种颗粒或液体(见例如EP 753,569A;US 4,140,641;US 4,639,321;US4,751,008;EP 315,126;US 4,844,821;US 4,844,824;US4,873,001;US 4,911,852;US 5,017,296;EP422,787)在洗涤过程中软化型产品和通常可以含有有机(例如季铵)或无机(例如粘土)柔软剂。
硬表面清洗剂(HSC):这些组合物包括通用的清洗剂例如乳油清洗剂和通用的液体清洗剂;通用的喷雾清洗剂,包括玻璃和瓷砖清洗剂和漂白喷雾清洗剂;和浴室清洗剂,包括除去霉菌的、含有漂白剂的、抗菌的、酸性的、中性的和碱性型的。见例如EP 743,280A;EP743,279A。酸性清洗剂包括WO 96/34938A中介绍的那些。
条皂和/或洗衣皂(BS&HW):这些组合物包括个人清洗皂以及所谓的洗衣皂(见例如WO 96/35772A);包括合成洗涤剂和皂基型和有柔软剂型(见US 5,500,137或WO 96/01889A);这样的组合物可以包括用通常的制皂方法例如压条和/或更非常规的方法例如浇铸、表面活性剂吸附在多孔载体上等制造的那些。也包括其它条皂(见例如BR 9502668;WO96/04361A;WO 96/04360A;US 5,540,852)。其它手洗洗涤剂包括例如在GB 2,292,155A和WO 96/01306A中介绍的那些。
香波和调理剂(S&C):(见例如WO 96/37594A;WO 96/17917A;WO96/17590A;WO 96/17591A)。这样的组合物一般包括简单的香波和所谓的“二合一”或“含调理剂”型。
液体皂(LS):这样的组合物包括所谓的“抗菌”和普通型,以及含有或不含有皮肤调理剂的那些,并且包括适合用于泵分配器中的型式,和通过其它设备例如公共设施用的壁持装置制备的那些。
特种清洗剂(SPC):包括家用干洗体系(见例如WO 96/30583A;WO96/30472A;WO 96/30471A;US 5,547,476;WO 96/37652A);洗衣用的漂白预处理产品(见EP 751,210A);织物扩理预处理产品(见例如EP752,469A);液体精细织物洗涤剂型,特别是高泡类型;餐具洗涤用漂清助剂;液体漂白剂,包括氯型和氧漂白剂型,和消毒剂,漱口剂,假牙清洗剂(见例如WO 96/19563A;WO96/19562A),汽车或地毯清洗剂或香波(见例如EP 751213A;WO 96/15308A),头发漂洗剂,淋浴凝胶,泡沫浴和个人护理清洗剂(见例如WO 96/37595A;WO 96/37592A;WO 96/37591A;WO 96/37589A;WO 96/37588A;GB2,297,975A;GB 2,297,762A;GB 2,297,761A;WO 96/17916A;WO96/12468A)和金属清洗剂;以及清洗辅助剂例如漂白添加剂和“色斑固着剂”或其它预处理型,包括特殊泡沫型清洗剂(见例如EP753,560A;EP 753,559A;EP753,558A;EP 753,557A;EP 753,556A)和防日晒褪色处理(见例如WO 96/03486A;WO96/03481A;WO96/03369A)也包括在内。加有耐久香料的洗涤剂(见例如US5,500,154;WO 96/02490)越来越流行。
联合方法
本发明方法可以与任何常规方法中的现行的LAB制备方法联合。例如常规建立的装置可以转向全部生产改性烷基苯。另外,根据所需要的体积或可以得到的原料,例如LAB工艺的流出物或基于接近石油化学工业的原料来源的情况,制备本发明的改性烷基苯的装置可以以填加或补充现有的LAB装置的形式而建立,或单独建立。本发明的方法可以间歇操作和连续操作。
本发明不应该受到包括在下面给出进行说明的实施例的说明书中具体说明的限制。最通常的是,本发明应该是包括含有任何类型的表面活性剂产品的任何消费品清洗组合物,其中通过使用本发明方法的主要指教的方法已经改进该表面活性剂的疏水性能。本发明的教导,特别是关于去线性化方法被认为是可以重复使用的,例如用来制备改性的烷基硫酸盐和其它表面活性剂。
其它实施方案
本发明不限制到迄今所述的具体的实施方案。因此,本发明包括改进含有烷基芳基磺酸盐表面活性剂的消费清洗产品的清洗性能的方法,所说的方法包括(a)至少一个(C10-C16烷基)芳烃(该芳烃是苯或较不优选甲苯、二甲苯、萘或它们的混合物)去线性的的阶段(该阶段是一个或多个步骤),去线性至至少最小程度上每分子所说的烷基芳烃约0.1甲基部分,和最大程度上每分子所说的烷基芳烃约1-2.5甲基部分,所说的阶段包括至少一个线性减小的步骤,该步骤是在所说的烷基芳烃的烷基前体和芳基前体结合的步骤之前、同时或其后进行;(这些前体由在上面所说的加工中作为原料所介绍的该烯烃和/或烷烃来说明);(b)至少一个磺化阶段(a)的轻度支链化的烷基芳烃产品的步骤;和(c)至少一个把步骤(b)的轻度支链化的烷基芳烃磺酸盐表面活性剂产品以酸形式或盐形式配制到清洗组合物中的步骤。
这样一个方法更具体地包括这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)形成所述烷基芳烃的1-苯基异构体;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)形成所述烷基芳烃的2-苯基异构体到一个很有利的程度,例如至少约60%;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)形成所述烷基芳烃的至少2种同系物,其中所说的烷基部分键合到所说的芳基部分,其总共含有10-16个碳原子,更优选11-14个碳原子,并且其中所说的同系物(任何2个不包括异构体的具有相同结构的“同系物”,但是不同的是在所述总的碳原子数范围内有不同的碳原子数)包括至少2种关于所说的甲基部分与所说的烷基烷基芳烃中烷基部分的平衡部分的连接的位置异构体。
还包括这样的方法,其中阶段(a)是在不依赖含有F的或氯化铝催化剂的情况下进行;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)是在不依赖常规强酸催化的丙烯聚合的情况下进行,例如HF-或氯化铝催化的聚合;这样一种方法,其中在阶段(a)中产生的大于20%的烷基芳烃分子具有一个甲基部分;这样一种方法,其中在阶段(a)中产生的不大于约20%的烷基芳烃产物具有2个或多个甲基部分;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)包括在形成所说的烷基芳烃之后进行骨架重排的步骤;这样一种方法,其中步骤(a)包括与形成所说的烷基芳烃同时进行的异构化步骤;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)包括费托化学和/或使用合成燃料烯烃;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)是独立于费托化学和/或不依赖合成燃料烯烃;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)包括使用无氟化物的脱铝丝光沸石催化剂;这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)包括使用镁碱沸石催化剂;和这样一种方法,其中阶段(a)产生与在具有总的碳原子,包括奇的和偶的碳总数的烷基芳烃分子在所说的烷基亚芳基中存在一致的分子量分布。非常优选的是,任何所说的方法都依赖于具有内异构体选择性为0-40,更优选1-20或更低的烷基化步骤。
另外,本发明包括含有通过任何所说的方法生产的改进的表面活性剂组合物的任何清洗组合物。
实施例1
通过骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂步骤(a):至少部分降低烯烃的线性(通过预制成适用于清洗产品洗涤 性的链长的烯烃的骨架异构化)
以重量比为1∶2∶2∶1的1-癸烯、1-十一碳烯、1-十二碳烯和1-十三碳烯的混合物(例如从Chevron买到的产品)在220℃和任何合适的LHSV,例如1.0下,通过Pt-SAPO催化剂。该催化剂是按US5082956的实施例1的方法制备的。见WO 95/21225,例如实施例1和其说明书。该产物是一种具有适合于制备用于掺入消费清洗组合物的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的链长范围的骨架异构化的轻度支化的烯烃。较一般的是,在该步骤中的温度可以是约200-400℃,优选约230℃-320℃。压力一般是约15-2000psig,优选约15-1000psig,更优选约15-600psig。氢气是一种有用的加压气体。空间速度(LHSV或WHSV)合适地是约0.05-20。低压和低时空间速度提供改善的选择性,更多的异构化和较少的裂化。蒸馏除去所有沸点最高到40℃/10mmHg的挥发物。
步骤(b):使用芳烃烷基化步骤(a)的产物
往一个玻璃高压釜衬里中加入1摩尔当量的在步骤(a)中生产的轻度支链化的烯烃混合物、20摩尔当量苯和基于烯烃混合物20重量%的择形沸石催化剂(酸性丝光沸石催化剂ZeocatTM FM-8/25H)。玻璃衬里密封在一个摇动的不锈钢高压釜内。用250psig N2吹扫该高压釜2次,然后充至1000psig N2。在混合下,把该混合物加热到170-190℃保持14-15小时,然后冷却,并从高压釜中取出。过滤该反应混合物除去催化剂,通过蒸馏出未反应的原料和/或杂质(例如苯、烯烃、烷烃、痕量物质,如果需要的话,有用的物质循环)进行浓缩,得到透明的接近无色液体产物。所形成的该产物是合乎要求的改性烷基苯混合物,作为一种选择,其可以运输到遥远的制造装置,在那里,可以完成另外的磺化步骤和把它们加入到消费清洗组合物中。
步骤(c):磺化步骤(b)的产物
使用二氯甲烷作溶剂,用一当量氯磺酸磺化步骤(b)的改性烷基苯混合物。蒸馏出二氯甲烷。
步骤(d):中和步骤(c)的产物
用甲醇中的甲醇钠中和步骤(c)的产物,蒸发甲醇,得到改性烷基苯磺酸盐,钠盐混合物。
实施例2
通过骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
重复实施例1的方法,只是磺化步骤(c)使用三氧化硫(没有二氯甲烷溶剂)作为磺化剂。在Chemithon的US 3427342中提供了使用合适的空气/三氧化硫混合物磺化的详细情况。此外,步骤(d)使用氢氧化钠代替甲醇钠进行中和。
实施例3
通过骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
步骤(a):至少部分降低烯烃的线性
通过在430℃,把以重量比为1∶3∶1的C11,C12和C13单烯烃的混合物通过H-镁碱沸石催化剂,来制备轻度支链化的烯烃混合物。US5510306的方法和催化剂可以用于该步骤。蒸馏除去所有沸点最高到40℃/10mmHg的挥发物。
步骤(b):使用芳烃烷基化步骤(a)的产物
往一个玻璃高压釜衬里中加入1摩尔当量的步骤(a)的轻度支链化的烯烃混合物、20摩尔当量苯和基于烯烃混合物20重量%的择形沸石催化剂(酸性丝光沸石催化剂ZeocatTM FM-8/25H)。玻璃衬里密封在一个摇动的不锈钢高压釜内。用250psig N2吹扫该高压釜2次,然后充至1000psig N2。在混合下,把该混合物加热到170-190℃保持14-15小时,然后冷却,并从高压釜中取出。过滤该反应混合物除去催化剂,蒸馏出苯并循环,也除去挥发性杂质。得到透明无色或接近无色的液体产物。
步骤(c):磺化步骤(b)的产物
使用二氯甲烷作溶剂,用一当量氯磺酸磺化步骤(b)的改性烷基苯混合物。蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。
步骤(d):中和步骤(c)的产物
用甲醇中的甲醇钠中和步骤(c)的产物,蒸发甲醇,得到改性烷基苯磺酸盐,钠盐混合物。
实施例4
用骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
重复实施例3的方法,只是磺化步骤(c)使用三氧化硫(没有二氯甲烷溶剂)作为磺化剂。在Chemithon的US 3427342中提供了使用合适的空气/三氧化硫混合物磺化的详细情况。
实施例5
清洗组合物
重复实施例1的方法,只是步骤(d)的产物进一步用下面的附加步骤(e)处理。
步骤(e):把步骤(d)的产物加入到清洗组合物中
把10重量%的步骤(d)的产物与90重量%的附聚的密实洗衣洗涤剂颗粒混合。
实施例6
用骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂在实施例1中,步骤(b)用下面的方法代替:
步骤(b):使用芳烃烷基化步骤(a)的产物
往一个玻璃高压釜衬里中加入1摩尔当量的步骤(a)的轻度支链化的烯烃混合物、20摩尔当量苯和基于烯烃混合物20重量%的择形沸石催化剂(酸性沸石βZeocatTM PB/H)。玻璃衬里密封在一个摇动的不锈钢高压釜内。用250psig N2吹扫该高压釜2次,然后充至1000psig N2。在混合下,把该混合物加热到145-150℃保持14-15小时,然后冷却,并从高压釜中取出。过滤该反应混合物除去催化剂。蒸馏出苯并进行循环,也除去挥发性杂质。得到透明无色或接近无色的液体产物。
实施例7
用骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
重复实施例6的方法,只是在步骤(b)中的择形沸石催化剂用HZSM-12代替,如在US 3832449中所述,步骤(b)的反应温度是约200-220℃。
实施例8
用骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
重复实施例1的方法,只是在步骤(b)中,苯与烯烃混合物的摩尔比是5∶1。
实施例9
用骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
重复实施例1的方法,只是在步骤(d)中的中和剂是氢氧化钠以代替甲醇钠。
实施例10
用骨架异构化的直链烯烃制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
重复实施例1的方法,只是在步骤(c)中的磺化剂是发烟硫酸,在步骤(d)中的中和剂是氢氧化钾以代替甲醇钠。
实施例11
用烷烃的骨架异构化制备改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂
步骤(ai)
以重量比为1∶3∶1的正十一碳烷、正十二碳烷和正十三碳烷的混合物,在约300-340℃的温度,在1000psig的氢气压力下,以重时空间速度为2-3和30摩尔H2/摩尔烃的条件下通过Pt-SAPO-11进行异构化,转化率大于90%。S.J.Miller在Microporous Materials,Vol.2.,(1994)439-449中给出了这样一种异构化的更详细的情况。在另外的实施例中,该直链原料烷烃混合物可以与在常规LAB制备中所用的相同。蒸馏除去所有沸点最高到40℃/10mmHg的挥发物。
步骤(aii)
使用常规的方法可以把步骤(ai)的烷烃脱氢。见例如US5012021,4/30/91或US 3562797,2/9/71。合适的脱氢催化剂是在US 3274287,3315007,3315008,3745112,4430517和3562797中公开的任何催化剂。对于本发明的实施例,按照US3562797进行脱氢。催化剂是沸石A。该脱氢是在氧的存在下在汽相中进行(烷烃∶分子氧为1∶1摩尔)。温度是450-550℃。催化剂的克数与每小时总进料摩尔数的比是3.9。
步骤(b):使用芳烃烷基化步骤(a)的产物
往一个玻璃高压釜衬里中加入1摩尔当量的步骤(a)的混合物、5摩尔当量苯和基于烯烃混合物20重量%的择形沸石催化剂(酸性丝光沸石催化剂ZeocatTM FM-8/25H)。玻璃衬里密封在一个摇动的不锈钢高压釜内。用250psig N2吹扫该高压釜2次,然后充至1000psig N2。在混合下,把该混合物加热到170-190℃过夜保持14-15小时,然后冷却,并从高压釜中取出。过滤该反应混合物除去催化剂,蒸馏出苯和未反应的烷烃并进行循环。得到透明无色或接近无色的液体产物。
步骤(c):磺化步骤(b)的产物
使用三氧化硫/空气,不用溶剂,磺化步骤(b)的改性烷基苯混合物。见US 3427342。三氧化硫与烷基苯的摩尔比是约1.05∶1-1.15∶1。冷却反应物流并从过量的三氧化硫中分离。
步骤(d):中和步骤(c)的产物
用稍微过量的氢氧化钠中和步骤(c)的产物,得到改性烷基苯磺酸盐,钠盐。
实施例12
使用不同的芳烃重复实施例1的方法。在一个试验中甲苯代替苯。在第二个试验中使用甲苯(2%)和苯(98%)的混合物。
实施例13
清洗产品组合物
在该实施例中,对于按照上述的任意方法实施例制备的改性烷基苯磺酸盐,钠盐形式或钾盐形式,使用下面的缩写:MAS
对于清洗产品添加剂材料使用下面的缩写:
淀粉酶 淀粉分解酶,60KNU/g,NOVO,Termamyl60T
APA C8-C10酰氨基丙基二甲基胺
碳酸氢盐 无水碳酸氢钠,400μm-1200μm
硼砂 四硼酸钠十水合物
增白剂1 4,4’-双(2-磺基苯乙烯基)联苯二钠
增白剂2 4,4’-双(4-苯氨基-6-吗啉代-1.3.5-三嗪-2-
基)氨基)芪-2:2’-二磺酸二钠
C45AS C14-C15直链烷基硫酸盐,钠盐
CaCl2 氯化钙
碳酸盐 无水碳酸钠,200μm-900μm
纤维素酶 纤维素酶,1000CEVU/g,NOVO,Carezyme
柠檬酸盐 二水合柠檬酸三钠,86.4%,425μm-850μm
柠檬酸 无水柠檬酸
CMC 羧甲基纤维素钠
CxyAS C1x-C1y烷基硫酸盐,钠盐,或如果有规定的话其它
的盐
CxyEz C1x-1y支链伯醇乙氧基化物(平均z摩尔环氧乙
烷)
CxyEzS C1x-C1y烷基乙氧基化物硫酸盐,钠盐(平均z摩尔
环氧乙烷,如果有规定的话其它盐)
CxyFA C1x-C1y脂肪酸
二胺 烷基二胺,例如1,3-丙烷二胺,Dytek EP,
DytekA,(Dupont)
聚二甲基硅氧烷 40(树胶)/60(流体)(重量)SE-76聚二甲基
硅氧烷树胶(G.E硅氧烷Div.)/粘度350cS的聚
二甲基硅氧烷流体
DTPA 二亚乙基三胺五乙酸
DTPMP 二亚乙基三胺五(亚甲基膦酸盐),
Monsanto(Dequest2060)
内切酶 葡聚糖内切酶,活性3000CEVU/g,NOVO
(Endolase)
EtOH 乙醇
脂肪酸 C12-C14脂肪酸
(C12/14)
脂肪酸(RPS) 菜籽脂肪酸
脂肪酸(TPK) 拔顶的棕榈仁脂肪酸
HEDP 1,1-羟基乙烷二膦酸
Isofol 16 C16(平均)Guerbet醇(Condea)
LAS 直链烷基苯磺酸盐(C11.8,Na或K盐)
脂肪酶 脂解酶,100kLU/g,NOVO,Lipolase
LMFAA C12-14烷基N-甲基葡糖酰胺
LMFAA C12-14烷基N-甲基葡糖酰胺
MA/AA 1∶4马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,Na盐,平均mw.70000
MBAEx 中链支化的伯烷基乙氧基化物(平均总碳=x;平
均EO=8)
MBAExSz 中链支化的伯烷基乙氧基化物硫酸盐,Na盐,(平
均总碳=z,平均EO=x)
MBASx 中链支化的伯烷基硫酸盐,Na盐,(平均总碳=x)
MEA 单乙醇胺
MES 烷基甲基酯磺酸盐,Na盐
MgCl2 氯化镁
MnCAT 大环锰漂白催化剂,如在EP544440中所述,或优
选使用[Mn(Bcyclam)Cl2],其中Bcyclam=5,12-二
甲基-1,5,8,12-四氮杂双环[6.6.2.]十六烷或
参照的桥接四氮杂大环
NaDCC 二氯异氰脲酸钠
NaOH 氢氧化钠
NaPS 烷烃磺酸钠盐
NaSKS-6 式δ-Na2Si2O5的结晶层状硅酸盐
NaTS 甲苯磺酸钠
NOBS 壬酰氧基苯磺酸钠盐
LOBS C12羟苯磺酸钠盐
PAA 聚丙烯酸(mw=4500)
PAE 乙氧基化的四亚乙基五胺
PAEC 甲基季铵化乙氧基化亚己二基三胺
PBI 标称式NaBO2.H2O2的无水过硼酸钠漂白剂
PEG 聚乙二醇(mw=4600)
过碳酸盐 标称式2Na2CO3.3H2O2的过碳酸钠
PG 丙二醇
光漂白剂 包封在糊精可溶的聚合物中的磺化锌酞菁
PIE 乙氧基化聚乙烯亚胺
蛋白酶 蛋白分解酶,4KNPU/g,NOVO,Savinase
QAS R2.N+(CH3)x((C2H4O)yH)z,其中R2=C8-C18,x+z=
3,x=0-3,z=0-3,y=1-15
SAS 仲烷基磺酸钠盐
硅酸盐 无定型硅酸钠,(SiO2∶Na2O比率=2.0)
聚硅氧烷消泡剂 聚二甲基硅氧烷泡沫控制剂+作为分散剂的聚硅
氧烷-氧化烯共聚物;泡沫控制剂∶分散剂
=10∶1-100∶1
SRP 1 具有氧化亚乙氧基和对苯二甲酰基骨架的磺基苯
甲酰基封端的酯
SRP 2 磺化乙氧基化的对苯二甲酸酯聚合物
SRP 3 甲基封端的乙氧基化的对苯二甲酸酯聚合物
STPP 无水三聚磷酸钠
硫酸盐 无水硫酸钠
TAED 四乙酰乙二胺
TFA C16-18烷基N-甲基葡糖酰胺
沸石A 水合硅铝酸钠,Na12(AlO2SiO2)12.27H2O;0.1-
10μm
沸石MAP 沸石(最大铝P)洗涤剂级(Crosfield)
该实施例说明本发明,但是并不是要限制或另外定义本发明的范围。除非另有说明,所用的所有的份数、百分数和比率都以重量百分比表示。按照本发明制备下面的洗衣洗涤剂组合物A-E:
A | B | C | D | E | |
MAS | 22 | 16.5 | 11 | 1-5.5 | 10-25 |
以下物质的任意组合:C45 ASC45E1SLASC16SASC14-17NaPSC14-18MESMBAS16.5MBAE2S15.5 | 0 | 1-5.5 | 11 | 16.5 | 0-5 |
QAS | 0-2 | 0-2 | 0-2 | 0-2 | 0-4 |
C23E6.5或C45E7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0-4 |
沸石A | 27.8 | 0 | 27.8 | 27.8 | 20-30 |
沸石MAP | 0 | 27.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PAA | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0-5 |
碳酸盐 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 20-30 |
硅酸盐 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0-2 |
PB1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0-10 | 0-10 | 0-10 |
NOBS | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0.1 | 0.5-3 |
LOBS | 0 | 0 | 0-3 | 0 | 0 |
TAED | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
MnCAT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2ppm |
蛋白酶 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 |
纤维素酶 | 0-0.3 | 0-0.3 | 0-0.3 | 0-0.3 | 0-0.5 |
淀粉酶 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-1 |
SRP1或SRP2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0-1 |
增白剂1或2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0-0.3 |
PEG | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0-2 |
聚硅氧烷消泡剂 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0-0.5 |
硫酸盐、水分和其他少量物质 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 |
密度(g/L) | 663 | 663 | 663 | 663 | 600-700 |
实施例14
清洗产品组合物
按照本发明制备下面的液体洗衣洗涤剂组合物F-J。按在前的实施例一样用缩写。
F | G | H | I | J | |
MAS | 1-7 | 7-12 | 12-17 | 17-22 | 1-35 |
以下物质的任意组合:C25 AExS*Na(x=1.8-2.5)MBAE1.8S15.5MBAS15.5C25 AS(直链-高级2-烷基)C14-17 NaPSC12-16 SASC18 1,4二硫酸盐LASC12-16 MES | 15-21 | 10-15 | 5-10 | 0-5 | 0-25 |
LMFAA | 0-3.5 | 0-3.5 | 0-3.5 | 0-3.5 | 0-8 |
C23E9或C23E6.5 | 0-2 | 0-2 | 0-2 | 0-2 | 0-8 |
APA | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-2 |
柠檬酸 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0-8 |
脂肪酸(TPK或C12/14) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0-14 |
EtOH | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0-8 |
PG | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0-10 |
MEA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0-3 |
NaOH | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0-7 |
Na TS | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0-4 |
甲酸钠 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0-1 |
硼砂 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0-5 |
蛋白酶 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0-1.3 |
脂肪酶 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0-0.3 |
淀粉酶 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0-0.4 |
纤维素酶 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0-0.2 |
PAE | 0-0.6 | 0-0.6 | 0-0.6 | 0-0.6 | 0-2.5 |
PIE | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0-2.5 |
PAEC | 0-0.4 | 0-0.4 | 0-0.4 | 0-0.4 | 0-2 |
SRP 2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0-0.5 |
增白剂1或2 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0-0.5 |
聚硅氧烷消泡剂 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0-0.3 |
煅制二氧化硅 | 0.0015 | 0.0015 | 0.0015 | 0.0015 | 0-0.003 |
香料 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0-0.6 |
染料 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0-0.003 |
水分/少量其他物质 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 | 平衡量 |
产品pH(10%,在去离子水中) | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 6-9.5 |
Claims (8)
1.一种制备适合用于清洗产品的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法,所说的方法包括:
(a)在受限的骨架异构化催化剂存在下,通过骨架异构化,降低具有分子量至少为126和不大于280的烯烃的线性,而预制成一种至少具有所说的分子量的基本上直链的烯烃;和
(b)具有内异构体选择性为0-40的单烷基化步骤,包括在烷基化催化剂的存在下,使步骤(a)的产物与选自苯、甲苯和其混合物的芳烃反应,
(c)磺化步骤(b)的产物;和一种或多种选自下面的步骤
(d)中和步骤(c)的产物;和
(e)把步骤(c)或(d)的产物与一种或多种清洗产品添加剂物质混合;由此形成清洗产品,
其中在步骤(b)中所说的烷基化催化剂选自含有择形酸性沸石的烷基化催化剂。
2.一种制备适合用于清洗产品的改性烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的方法,所说的方法包括:
(a)得到一种选自具有分子量n至少为126和不大于280的烯烃并且通过包括下面步骤的顺序步骤生产的降低了线性的烷基化剂的步骤:
(i)骨架异构化一种具有分子量n+2的直链烷烃,其中n是所说的烯烃的所说的分子量;和
(ii)脱氢该异构化的烷烃;和
(b)具有内异构体选择性为0-40的单烷基化步骤,包括在烷基化催化剂的存在下,使步骤(a)的产物与选自苯、甲苯和其混合物的芳烃反应,
(c)磺化步骤(b)的产物;和一种或多种选自下面的步骤
(d)中和步骤(c)的产物;和
(e)把步骤(c)或(d)的产物与一种或多种清洗产品添加剂物质混合;由此形成清洗产品,
其中在步骤(b)中所说的烷基化催化剂选自含有择形酸性沸石的烷基化催化剂。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所说的受限的骨架异构化催化剂选自具有一维孔结构并且孔径为4.2-7埃的沸石和铝磷酸盐。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中在步骤(a)(i)中的催化剂是从SAPO-11和其衍生物和同型体的用于烷烃的骨架异构化催化剂中选出。
5.根据权利要求2的方法,其中在步骤(b)中的催化剂基本上是由脱铝H-丝光沸石组成的。
6.一种改进含有烷基芳基磺酸盐表面活性剂的消费清洗产品的清洗性能的方法,所说的方法包括:
(a)至少一个去线性(C10-C16烷基)芳烃到至少最小程度上每分子所说的烷基芳烃0.1甲基部分和最大程度上每分子所说的烷基芳烃1-2.5甲基部分的阶段,所说的阶段包括至少一个线性减小的步骤,该步骤是在所说的烷基芳烃的烷基前体和芳基前体部分结合的步骤之前进行;
(b)至少一个磺化阶段(a)的轻度支链化的烷基芳烃产物的步骤;和
(c)至少一个把步骤(b)的轻度支链化的烷基芳基磺酸盐表面活性剂产物以酸形式或盐形式配制到清洗组合物中的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中阶段(a)形成所说的烷基芳烃的2-苯基异构体到至少60%的程度。
8.根据权利要求6的方法,其中阶段(a)包括使用无氟化物脱铝丝光沸石催化剂。
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-
1998
- 1998-07-20 TR TR2000/00882T patent/TR200000882T2/xx unknown
- 1998-07-20 BR BR9811519-7A patent/BR9811519A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-20 CA CA002297648A patent/CA2297648C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-20 JP JP2000504084A patent/JP2001510858A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-20 HU HU0002735A patent/HUP0002735A3/hu unknown
- 1998-07-20 ZA ZA986443A patent/ZA986443B/xx unknown
- 1998-07-20 ES ES98930971T patent/ES2193540T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-20 EP EP98930971A patent/EP1001921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-20 AT AT98930971T patent/ATE239681T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-20 ID IDW20000288D patent/ID26172A/id unknown
- 1998-07-20 KR KR1020007000685A patent/KR100358831B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-20 WO PCT/IB1998/001096 patent/WO1999005082A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-20 DE DE69814400T patent/DE69814400T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-20 CN CNB988092581A patent/CN1183067C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-20 AU AU81242/98A patent/AU728580B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-07-21 MA MA25184A patent/MA24734A1/fr unknown
- 1998-07-21 EG EG85798A patent/EG21244A/xx active
- 1998-07-21 AR ARP980103542A patent/AR016771A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
- 2000-01-07 US US09/478,909 patent/US6602840B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUP0002735A2 (hu) | 2000-12-28 |
ID26172A (id) | 2000-11-30 |
CA2297648C (en) | 2004-11-23 |
TR200000882T2 (tr) | 2000-09-21 |
CN1270574A (zh) | 2000-10-18 |
ZA986443B (en) | 1999-01-21 |
MA24734A1 (fr) | 1999-10-01 |
ES2193540T3 (es) | 2003-11-01 |
AU8124298A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
EP1001921A1 (en) | 2000-05-24 |
US6602840B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
KR20010022115A (ko) | 2001-03-15 |
JP2001510858A (ja) | 2001-08-07 |
BR9811519A (pt) | 2000-09-12 |
EP1001921B1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
CA2297648A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
ATE239681T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
HUP0002735A3 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
EG21244A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
AU728580B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
DE69814400D1 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
KR100358831B1 (ko) | 2002-10-31 |
DE69814400T2 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
WO1999005082A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
AR016771A1 (es) | 2001-08-01 |
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