CN118296922A - Method for optimizing ground heat Tian Jingwang layout based on flight time - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geothermal energy well pattern optimization, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on flight time. According to the method, a numerical simulation model under different injection and production pressure differences is constructed based on a permeability plane heterogeneous geological model containing stratum dip angles, the flight time is determined through interaction among the permeability heterogeneity, different injection and production pressure differences and the stratum dip angles, and well spacing adjustment is performed on the constructed numerical simulation model based on the flight time and by considering interaction among porous medium heat transfer, darcy's law and solid mechanics which occur in a dry hot rock reservoir. The invention provides the well pattern optimization method for the development of the deep dry hot rock reservoir heat energy under different injection and production pressure differences by taking the reservoir permeability heterogeneity dry hot rock reservoir geological model with the stratum dip angle into consideration for the first time, the simulation result is true and reliable, the effect of optimizing well pattern deployment and improving the heat recovery rate is achieved, and a new thought is provided for the layout of the dry hot rock type geothermal Tian Jingwang.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geothermal energy well pattern optimization, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on flight time.
Background
The geothermal resource is an important clean renewable energy source, the deep geothermal resource in China is rich, and the exploitation process of the deep geothermal resource is quickened, so that the significance of adjusting the energy structure, saving energy and reducing emission in China is great. Geothermal resources comprehensively consider the factors such as a thermal fluid transmission mode, a temperature range, a development and utilization mode and the like, and can be divided into three types of shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal energy and dry thermal rock geothermal energy. Among them, an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) aiming at exploiting and utilizing heat energy in 3-10 km low-permeability crystalline dry hot rock (HDR) underground is attracting attention widely around the world.
The enhanced geothermal system has higher power generation energy conversion rate and can be used as a basic load for continuous and stable operation for a long time. According to the related data, countries such as Europe and America begin to research the technology of utilizing the heat energy of the dry-heat rock from the last 70 th century, a plurality of field stations are built, and a great deal of theoretical and engineering experience is accumulated. Among them, EGS projects such as germany Landau and usa DESERT PEAK 2 are close to commercialization, and countries such as japan have even started to test using supercritical CO2 as a heating medium to obtain better comprehensive benefits. The geothermal resource reserves in China are very rich, but because of the importance of insufficient, the geothermal power generation has been slow to develop for a long time, and the total amount of geothermal power generation installation in China is even less than 1% of the United states in 2010. The heat energy storage capacity of 3-10 km of dry hot rock in China is more than that of U.S., but domestic enhanced geothermal systems are paid attention in recent years, and the technical and theoretical levels are far behind in western countries. Enhanced geothermal systems increase permeability by pumping high pressure cold water into the rock through "hydraulic stimulation" to enhance and create the geothermal heat available in hot dry rock. Literature studies indicate that in existing enhanced geothermal system exploitation well pattern deployment, when injected water is used for balanced displacement, well spacing only considers the relation among reservoir permeability, porosity and fluid parameters. Under actual reservoir conditions, not only is the permeability heterogeneous, but also the influences of different injection and production pressure differences and stratum dip angles exist. However, due to the difference of working systems and the complex condition of the stratum, the well pattern deployment cannot guarantee balanced displacement at the low-temperature front after the injection of the heat-carrying working medium under the consideration of permeability only, so that the heat recovery rate and the service life of the geothermal field are obviously influenced, and the well pattern deployment under the consideration of the permeability heterogeneity, different injection and production pressure differences and the stratum dip angle is lack of research. And the flight time characterizes the flow characteristics of the heat carrying working medium under the condition of simultaneously considering the heterogeneity of permeability, different injection and production pressure differences and the formation dip angle, acquires the geological static information and the fluid dynamic information, and obtains the numerical simulation model of the target geothermal Tian Liuxian field, thereby achieving the effects of optimizing well pattern deployment and improving the thermal recovery rate.
The well spacing relationship between the injection well and the production well in the dry hot rock reservoir can affect the heat extraction effect of the heat carrying medium in the dry hot rock. Due to the difference of stratum conditions, the sweep range of the heat carrying working medium in the dry hot rock reservoir is also different, and the heat extraction effect of the heat carrying working medium in the dry hot rock reservoir is also different. At present, the research on well pattern deployment is relatively extensive, but the related research on optimizing well pattern deployment and construction parameters based on flight time is still blank. Therefore, further research is still needed in the aspect of well pattern deployment of geothermal reservoirs under the condition that the permeability heterogeneity, different injection and production pressure differences and formation dip angles are simultaneously considered, so that rich geothermal resources in China can be more efficiently developed and utilized.
The Chinese patent No. CN113987935A discloses a heating well layout optimization method and a heating well layout optimization device based on a genetic algorithm, and the method optimizes the layout of the heating well in the heat strengthening SVE process, reduces the overlapping of the action ranges of the heating well and maximizes the covered effective area of the heating well, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing energy waste and controlling greenhouse gas emission.
The patent No. CN202010577696.X 'high water-cut oil reservoir balanced displacement differential well spacing optimization method' discloses a high water-cut oil reservoir balanced displacement differential well spacing optimization method. According to the oil-water two-phase flow seepage theory based on the established plane balanced displacement standard by the oil reservoir balanced displacement differential well spacing optimization method in the high water-cut period, the reservoir physical properties and the difference of the utilization degree are comprehensively considered. The well spacing is adjusted.
A Chinese patent with the patent number of CN202010577696.X is a well pattern layout rationality judging method and a well pattern layout optimizing method, and provides a well pattern layout rationality judging method and a well pattern layout optimizing method. The well pattern layout rationality judgment method provided by the invention is suitable for well pattern layout rationality judgment of the shale oil and gas reservoir horizontal well, can realize rationality judgment of the three-dimensional well pattern layout, and is convenient for adjusting the well pattern layout in real time.
The optimization methods of the above-mentioned patents are relatively complex, and the influence of the flight time of the heat-carrying working medium on the final optimization result is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining flight time through interaction among permeability heterogeneity, different injection and production pressure differences and stratum dip angles and optimizing geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on the flight time, and aims to solve the problem that the thermal recovery rate of a dry thermal rock reservoir with dip angles is low in current exploitation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method of optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on time of flight, comprising the steps of:
Step one: based on borehole core temperature monitoring, geological outcrop investigation and geophysical stratum prediction results, the shape and the size of a geothermal field work area where a target deep Wen Ganre rock reservoir is located and the initial temperature of a dry hot rock reservoir are determined, the position of an injection well and the initial injection and production well distance are determined based on geophysical prospecting data, and the type and the initial temperature of the injection heat carrying working medium are determined based on the current development situation of the target geothermal field.
Step two: and (3) according to the shape and the size of the geothermal Tian Gongou and the initial temperature of the dry hot rock reservoir, which are determined in the step one, taking the permeability plane heterogeneity of the dry hot rock reservoir and the stratum inclination angle thereof into consideration, establishing a permeability plane heterogeneous geological model containing the stratum inclination angle, wherein the time between flowing the fluid taking water as a heat carrying working medium from an injection well into a production well is the flight time.
Step three: based on the constructed various geological models, a numerical simulation model under the condition of considering different injection and production pressure differences is established, and a numerical simulation result of the target geothermal Tian Liuxian field is obtained by performing numerical simulation on the numerical simulation model under the condition of considering the permeability plane heterogeneity of the dry-hot rock reservoir, the stratum dip angle and the injection and production pressure differences.
Step four: based on the numerical simulation result of the target geothermal Tian Liuxian field and the porosity of the target reservoir, the flight time corresponding to each grid between the injection and production wells of the target geothermal field is obtained, and the formula is as follows:
；
；
Wherein:
Tof x is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the x-direction well distance r of the injection or production well, in h;
Tof y is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the y-direction of the injection or production well by a distance r, in h;
the porosity in the distance of the vector in the x direction is dimensionless;
the porosity in the y-direction vector distance is dimensionless;
the flow speed of the heat carrying working medium is expressed as m/h in the x-direction vector distance.
Step five: the well spacing adjustment is carried out on a built numerical simulation model which comprises the consideration of the non-uniformity of permeability planes of different dry-hot rock reservoirs, the formation dip angle and the injection and production pressure difference by considering the heat transfer of porous media, darcy's law and the interaction between solid mechanics which occur in the dry-hot rock reservoirs and the flight time.
In the prior art, a well spacing adjustment formula only considering permeability is as follows:
；
Wherein d x is the well spacing in the x direction, in m; d y is the well spacing in the y direction, in m; k x is the permeability in the x direction, unit md; k y is the permeability in the y direction, in md.
In the invention, a well distance adjusting formula considering the flight time is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix,For eigenvalues in the x-direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix,Is the eigenvalue in the y direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix.
In the invention, the form of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention,
；
；
；
；
Wherein, TOf x is the flight time of fluid particles of the x-direction well distance r of the injection well or the extraction well, and the unit is h; tof y is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the y-direction of the injection or production well by a distance r, in h; e x is the expected value of Tof x and E y is the expected value of Tof y.
According to the method, firstly, the Tof field is extracted, and a grid with the Tof larger than the threshold value near the extraction well is extracted by setting the threshold value, wherein the grid is used for describing the space distribution condition of the Tof field. For the extracted grids, covariance between x and y coordinates of the grids is calculated respectively, and a covariance matrix is constructedThe matrix describes the spatial distribution of the extracted Tof.
Eigenvalues for the x-direction in the Tof fieldCan pass through covariance matrixExpressed as the expected value E x in the x-direction Tof, the formula is:
；
For eigenvalues in the y-direction in the Tof field This can be expressed by the covariance matrix and the expected value E y in the y-direction Tof, which is expressed by the formula:
；
For the well spacing adjustment formula, respectively using the characteristic values of the covariance matrix of the Tof field distribution in the x direction and the y direction, wherein the characteristic values reflect the variation coefficients of the Tof field in the x direction and the y direction; the ratio of the two parameters can be used to reduce the distribution difference of the optimized well spacing Tof field in the x and y directions.
The well spacing adjustment formula comprehensively considering the permeability and the flight time is as follows:
；
Wherein d x is the well spacing in the x direction, in m; d y is the well spacing in the y direction, in m; k x is the permeability in the x direction, unit md; k y is the permeability in the y direction, in md; For eigenvalues in the x-direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix, Is the eigenvalue in the y direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix.
Based on the numerical simulation model after well spacing adjustment and the model under the initial well pattern layout, comparing results, and obtaining the improvement degree of the thermal recovery rate of the model after well spacing optimization adjustment by adopting the thermal recovery rate as a final objective function of the result comparison; wherein, the thermal recovery rate calculation formula is:
；
Wherein R is geothermal Tian Recai yield, and is dimensionless; v S is the excited thermal storage volume, unit m 3;Tin is the temperature of the injected heat carrying working medium, unit ℃; t i is the initial temperature of the reservoir in degrees Celsius; t (T) is the temperature of the reservoir after time T, in degrees Celsius, ρ s is the geothermal reservoir rock density, in kg/m 3;Cp,s is the geothermal reservoir rock specific heat capacity, in J/(K.kg).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the method, the well pattern optimization method for developing the heat energy of the deep dry hot rock reservoir under the different injection and production pressure difference conditions by taking the reservoir permeability heterogeneity into account of the dry hot rock reservoir geological model with the stratum dip angle is provided for the first time, so that the effects of optimizing well pattern deployment and improving the heat recovery rate are achieved.
2. According to the invention, three different physical fields of porous medium heat transfer, darcy's law and solid mechanics are considered to perform vivid and detailed description on the dry-hot rock reservoir number simulation model, so that the simulation result is more real and reliable, and is closer to the geological condition in a real scene.
3. The invention determines the flight time by considering the interactions among the permeability heterogeneity, different injection and production pressure differences and the stratum dip angle, optimizes the geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on the flight time, and provides a new thought for the dry thermal rock type geothermal Tian Jingwang layout.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of a numerical simulation model taking into account reservoir permeability plane heterogeneity, formation dip, and injection and production differential in an example.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of an initial pattern layout.
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram after well pattern optimization in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The FL geothermal field is taken as an object, and according to geological data and well logging analysis and research, the target area is a dry thermal rock geothermal field, the shape of the research area is square, the area range is 1500 multiplied by 1500m, and the burial depth of the target reservoir is 3000-3680 m; and determining the position of the injection well based on geophysical prospecting data, displaying the temperature of the dry hot rock reservoir at 180-220 ℃ through borehole core temperature monitoring, geological outcrop investigation and geophysical stratum prediction results, and extracting the heat energy of the dry hot rock reservoir by taking normal-temperature water at 25 ℃ as a heat carrying working medium.
And (3) performing well pattern layout optimization on the FL geothermal field according to the analysis result, wherein the specific optimization steps are as follows:
Step one: and obtaining a target geothermal field area range of 1500 multiplied by 1500m according to the related parameters, determining the average initial temperature of the dry thermal rock reservoir to be 200 ℃, taking water as a heat carrying working medium to be 20 ℃, taking an injection-four production as an example of an original well pattern layout, and taking the initial injection-production well distance to be 400m.
Step two: according to the determined shape and size of the geothermal Tian Gongou and the initial temperature of the dry hot rock reservoir, taking the plane heterogeneity of the permeability of the dry hot rock reservoir and the stratum inclination angle thereof into consideration, and establishing a permeability heterogeneous geological model with the stratum inclination angle of 20 degrees.
Step three: setting an initial injection well distance to be 400m and an injection well pressure difference to be 120kpa based on the constructed geological model, and constructing a numerical simulation model; numerical simulation is carried out on a numerical simulation model considering the permeability plane heterogeneity, the stratum inclination angle and the injection-production pressure difference of the dry-hot rock reservoir, the simulation prediction period is 30 years, and a numerical simulation result of the target geothermal Tian Liuxian field is obtained.
Step four: acquiring the flight time corresponding to each grid among the injection and production wells of the geothermal field of the target based on the numerical simulation result of the geothermal field Tian Liuxian and the porosity of the target reservoir; specific examples will be developed below with a geothermal field numerical simulation model:
according to the numerical simulation result, in the target reservoir, the flow speed of the heat carrying working medium on the vector distance in the x-axis direction is 1.7m/h, the flow speed of the heat carrying working medium on the vector distance in the y-axis direction is 1.5m/h, the average value of the porosities of the vectors in the x-axis direction is 0.23, and the average value of the porosities of the vectors in the y-axis direction is 0.18.
The flight time corresponding to each grid between the injection and production wells is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
Wherein:
Tof x is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the x-direction well distance r of the injection or production well, in h;
Tof y is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the y-direction of the injection or production well by a distance r, in h;
the porosity in the distance of the vector in the x direction is dimensionless;
the porosity in the y-direction vector distance is dimensionless;
the flow speed of the heat carrying working medium is expressed as m/h in the x-direction vector distance.
According to the formula, the flight time in the x direction is 54.13h, and the flight time in the y direction is 48h.
Step five: the well spacing adjustment is carried out on a built numerical simulation model which comprises the consideration of the non-uniformity of permeability planes of different dry-hot rock reservoirs, the formation dip angle and the injection and production pressure difference by considering the heat transfer of porous media, darcy's law and the interaction between solid mechanics which occur in the dry-hot rock reservoirs and the flight time.
More specifically, according to the fact that the flight time in the x direction is 54.13h and the flight time in the y direction is 48h, numerical simulation is performed, and the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix is obtained in the form of:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention,
；
；
；
；
Further obtain the characteristic value of the x direction in the Tof field：
；
Eigenvalues in the y-direction in the Tof field：
；
The simulation results were: The number of the steps is 1.394, 0.232.
Well spacing adjustment formula comprehensively considering permeability and flight time:
；
Wherein d x is the well spacing in the x direction, in m; d y is the well spacing in the y direction, in m; k x is the permeability in the x direction, unit md; k y is the permeability in the y direction, in md; For eigenvalues in the x-direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix, Characteristic values in the y direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix; wherein, the x-direction permeability K x is 132md and the y-direction permeability K y is 59md.
From the above formula, d x/dy =1.2, on the basis of the original well spacing 400m, the well spacing optimization is performed according to the time of flight Tof x in d x/dy and x direction and the time of flight Tof y in y direction. And obtaining the positions of the flow front edges of the streamline fields in the x positive direction, the x negative direction, the y positive direction and the y negative direction of the flow front edges of the heat carrying working medium injected from the injection well after a certain flight time Tof through a streamline field simulation result of numerical simulation, and adjusting the well distance through the positions of the flow front edges to ensure that the flow front edges of the heat carrying working medium can flow to four extraction wells after the flight time Tof.
The relationship between the distances of four production wells and the injection well is obtained by adjusting the well distance in the numerical simulation model through the operation, and the result is shown in table 1.
。
And comparing the result of the numerical simulation model after well spacing adjustment with the result of the model under the initial well pattern layout, and obtaining the thermal recovery rate improvement degree of the model after well spacing optimization adjustment by adopting the thermal recovery rate as a final objective function of the result comparison. Wherein, the thermal recovery rate calculation formula is:
；
Wherein R is geothermal Tian Recai yield, and is dimensionless; v S is the excited thermal storage volume, unit m 3;Tin is the temperature of the injected heat carrying working medium, unit ℃; t i is the initial temperature of the reservoir in degrees Celsius; t (T) is the temperature of the reservoir after time T, in degrees Celsius, ρ s is the geothermal reservoir rock density, in kg/m 3;Cp,s is the geothermal reservoir rock specific heat capacity, in J/(K.kg).
Obtaining that under the original well pattern deployment condition, T (30 y) is 127.73 ℃ after the simulation period is 30 years, and obtaining the recovery ratio of the original well pattern model to be 41.3% through a thermal recovery ratio calculation formula; under the condition of optimized and adjusted well spacing, the T (30 y) is 118.28 ℃ after the simulation period is 30 years, and the recovery ratio is 46.7%. And compared with the recovery ratio, the production well position coordinate obtained in the step five can carry out more reasonable and efficient heat energy exploitation on the dry hot rock reservoir in the target geothermal field.
Claims (5)
1. A method for optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on time of flight, comprising the steps of:
step one: based on borehole core temperature monitoring, geological outcrop investigation and geophysical stratum prediction results, determining the shape and the size of a geothermal field work area where a target deep Wen Ganre rock reservoir is located and the initial temperature of a dry hot rock reservoir, determining the position of an injection well and the initial injection and production well distance based on geophysical prospecting data, and determining the type and the initial temperature of the injection heat carrying working medium based on the current development situation of the target geothermal field;
step two: according to the shape and the size of the geothermal Tian Gongou and the initial temperature of the dry hot rock reservoir, which are determined in the first step, taking the permeability plane heterogeneity of the dry hot rock reservoir and the stratum inclination angle thereof into consideration, establishing a permeability plane heterogeneous geological model containing the stratum inclination angle, wherein the time between flowing the fluid taking water as a heat carrying working medium from an injection well into a production well is the flight time;
Step three: based on the constructed geological model, establishing a numerical simulation model under the condition of considering different injection and production pressure differences, and carrying out numerical simulation on the numerical simulation model considering the permeability plane heterogeneity of the dry-hot rock reservoir, the stratum inclination angle and the injection and production pressure differences to obtain a numerical simulation result of the target geothermal Tian Liuxian field;
Step four: acquiring the flight time corresponding to each grid among the injection and production wells of the geothermal field of the target based on the numerical simulation result of the geothermal field Tian Liuxian and the porosity of the target reservoir;
Step five: the well spacing adjustment is carried out on a constructed numerical simulation model which comprises the consideration of the permeability plane heterogeneity of the dry-hot rock reservoir, the formation dip angle and the injection and production pressure difference by considering the interaction among porous medium heat transfer, darcy's law and solid mechanics which occur in the dry-hot rock reservoir and the flight time.
2. The method for optimizing a layout of geothermal map Tian Jingwang based on time of flight of claim 1, wherein in step four, the time of flight corresponding to each grid between injection and production wells is:
；
；
Wherein:
Tof x is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the x-direction well distance r of the injection or production well, in h;
Tof y is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the y-direction of the injection or production well by a distance r, in h;
the porosity in the distance of the vector in the x direction is dimensionless;
the porosity in the y-direction vector distance is dimensionless;
The flow speed of the heat carrying working medium is in the unit of m/h in the x-direction vector distance;
the flow speed of the heat carrying working medium is expressed as m/h in the y-direction vector distance.
3. The method of optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on time of flight of claim 1, wherein in step five, the well spacing adjustment uses the formula:
；
Wherein: d x is the well spacing in the x direction, in m; d y is the well spacing in the y direction, in m; k x is the permeability in the x direction, unit md; k y is the permeability in the y direction, in md; For eigenvalues in the x-direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix, Is the eigenvalue in the y direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix.
4. A method of optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on time of flight according to claim 3 wherein the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix is in the form of:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention,
；
；
；
；
Wherein, TOf x is the flight time of fluid particles of the x-direction well distance r of the injection well or the extraction well, and the unit is h; tof y is the time of flight of the fluid particles in the y-direction of the injection or production well by a distance r, in h; e x is the expected value of Tof x and E y is the expected value of Tof y.
5. A method for optimizing a geothermal Tian Jingwang layout based on time of flight as defined in claim 3,
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
Where E x is the desired value for Tof x, E y is the desired value for Tof y, For eigenvalues in the x-direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix,For the eigenvalue in the y direction of the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix, cov Tof is the Tof field spatial distribution covariance matrix.
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