CN118222969B - Solid-solid lubrication silver coating with low oxidation, high density structure and long lubrication life, preparation method thereof and coated workpiece - Google Patents
Solid-solid lubrication silver coating with low oxidation, high density structure and long lubrication life, preparation method thereof and coated workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 109
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010290 vacuum plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002294 plasma sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a solid-solid lubrication silver coating with a low oxidation and high compactness structure and long lubrication service life, a preparation method thereof and a coated workpiece, and relates to the field of coating materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out air current classification on silver powder in an inert atmosphere to obtain target silver powder; carrying out polarization pretreatment, polarization treatment and preheating on the substrate to obtain a substrate to be sprayed; and spraying the target silver powder on the surface of the substrate to be sprayed by adopting a plasma spraying method to form a coating. According to the method provided by the application, silver metal is used as a raw material, the oxide content of the coating is effectively reduced through unique polarization treatment, and the coating with extremely small oxide content, extremely low porosity and extremely high bonding strength can be efficiently and stably prepared through the polarization pretreatment, the polarization treatment and the plasma spraying process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of coating materials, in particular to a solid-solid lubrication silver coating with a low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication service life, a preparation method thereof and a coated workpiece.
Background
The silver coating can effectively improve the solid-solid contact production efficiency and the operation safety. The coating has the advantages of extrusion resistance, high ductility and high lubrication, is widely applied to the vane in the aviation field, the rudder in the navigation field and the grain extrusion part in the chemical industry, bears 3000-15000 kilonewtons of pressure and longitudinal shear stress in the application environment, and is a rare noble metal coating with the highest application environment at present. With the development of aviation industry, aircraft carrier fleets and chemical preparation industry, higher demands are put forward on the performance of the rare and noble lubrication metal coating, for example, the long-term service pressure resistance and shearing resistance of the rare and noble lubrication coating can bear 100-500 ℃ temperature difference frequency change and the like.
The existing silver coating generally adopts plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering and other methods, but the methods have the problems of small coating area, small thickness and inapplicability to the preparation of large pieces, so how to solve the problems is a direction to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a solid-solid lubrication silver coating with a low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication service life, a preparation method thereof and a coated workpiece, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life, comprising:
atomizing a silver raw material in an inert atmosphere to obtain silver powder, and carrying out air current classification on the silver powder to obtain target silver powder;
Carrying out polarization pretreatment, polarization treatment and preheating on the substrate to obtain a substrate to be sprayed;
And spraying the target silver powder on the surface of the substrate to be sprayed by adopting a plasma spraying method to form a coating.
Optionally, the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life meets at least one of the following conditions:
A. Before atomization, cleaning a container by adopting silver under vacuum or inert atmosphere, wherein the silver comprises one or more of silver raw materials, silver powder and target silver powder;
The cleaning times are 1 to 3 times;
B. the purity of the silver raw material is more than or equal to 99.999%;
C. the granularity range of the target silver powder is 5-38 mu m;
D. the oxygen content of the target silver powder is 100ppm-300ppm;
E. the final vacuum degree of the polarization pretreatment is 10mbar to 35mbar;
F. the vacuum oxygen content of the polarization pretreatment is less than 1000ppm.
Optionally, the polarization pretreatment process includes:
First cycle: placing the substrate in a vacuum cabin of plasma spraying equipment, and pumping the vacuum degree to 0.001mbar-0.05mbar;
Backfilling with said inert gas to 100mbar to 300mbar;
second cycle: vacuumizing again to 0.001-0.05 mbar;
backfilling with the inert gas to obtain the final vacuum degree.
Optionally, the number of first cycles is 3-5.
Optionally, the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life meets at least one of the following conditions:
A. The polarization treatment is carried out by using a gun body with a polarization function, wherein the matrix is used as an anode, and the gun body is used as a cathode;
B. the voltage of the polarization treatment is 60V-100V;
C. the current of the polarization treatment is 180A-220A;
D. The amplitude of the polarization treatment is 15A-20A;
E. the moving speed of the spray gun for polarization treatment is 1m/s-1.5m/s.
Optionally, the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life meets at least one of the following conditions:
A. The preheating temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-5 min;
B. the power of the preheated plasma spray gun is 35kw-70kw;
C. the preheating purging distance is 350mm-600mm;
D. The preheating speed is 500mm/s-1500mm/s.
Optionally, the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life meets at least one of the following conditions:
A. the spraying power is 40KW-60KW;
B. The spraying distance is 300mm-600mm;
C. at least two inert atmospheres are added in the spraying, and the inert gases in the spraying are 85L/min-120L/min;
D. the length of the plasma flame flow of the spraying is 350mm-1000mm;
E. the diameter of the plasma flame flow of the spraying is 150mm-350mm;
F. After the spraying is finished, backfilling inert gas, and cooling;
G. the vacuum degree of the spraying is 20mbar-25mbar.
Optionally, the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life meets at least one of the following conditions:
A. The inert atmosphere in the spraying comprises argon and helium, wherein the argon is 80L/min-110L/min, and the helium is 5L/min-10L/min;
B. the vacuum degree of the cooling is 450mbar to 600mbar;
C. The cooling speed is 1 ℃/min-10 ℃/min, and the cooling time is 10min-30min.
The second aspect of the application provides a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, and at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
A. The thickness of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation and high compactness structure and long lubrication life is 0.005mm-5mm;
B. The porosity of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is less than 0.5%;
C. the oxygen content of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is less than 0.05%;
D. The bonding strength of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is more than 70Mpa.
The third aspect of the application provides a coated workpiece comprising the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
According to the preparation method of the silver coating with the solid-solid lubrication, low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication service life, provided by the application, silver is adopted as a raw material, the vacuum degree is controlled through polarization pretreatment, so that the polarization treatment is performed in a vacuum environment, a part is used as an anode in the polarization process, a spray gun is used as a cathode, an electric arc can be formed between the anode and the cathode through voltage supply, the electric arc can burn off the oxide skin on the surface of the part, and the burned oxide skin can be pumped away in time due to continuous vacuum pumping, so that the oxide content of the coating is effectively reduced, and the coating with very few oxides, very low porosity and very high bonding strength can be efficiently and stably prepared through the polarization pretreatment, polarization treatment and plasma spraying process.
The thickness of the silver coating with the solid-solid lubrication, low oxidation, high compactness, long lubrication life provided by the application can be controlled within the range of 0.005 mm-5 mm, the thickness regulation from ultra-thin to ultra-thick can be realized, and the prepared coating has the advantages of extremely low oxide content, extremely low porosity and extremely high bonding strength.
The coated workpiece provided by the application works for a long time under a high pressure working condition, and has the advantages of specific wear resistance, cracking resistance, stripping resistance and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of Ag powder in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a high-lubrication Ag coating with a low oxygen content and a high dense structure prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a physical view of the coated workpiece in example 1.
Detailed Description
The term as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified element, step or component. If used in a claim, such phrase will cause the claim to be closed, such that it does not include materials other than those described, except for conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the claim body, rather than immediately following the subject, it is limited to only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the stated claims as a whole.
When an equivalent, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or a range bounded by a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when ranges of "1 to 5" are disclosed, the described ranges should be construed to include ranges of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a numerical range is described herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"Parts by mass" means a basic unit of measurement showing the mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may be any unit mass, for example, 1g, 2.689g, or the like. If we say that the mass part of the a component is a part and the mass part of the B component is B part, the ratio a of the mass of the a component to the mass of the B component is represented as: b. or the mass of the A component is aK, the mass of the B component is bK (K is any number and represents a multiple factor). It is not misunderstood that the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts, unlike the parts by mass.
"And/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated cases may occur, e.g., a and/or B include (a and B) and (a or B).
The conventional plasma spraying is used for preparing the metal coating, micron powder is usually adopted as a raw material, meanwhile, the content of oxide impurities in the material is more than or equal to 0.5%, and in the preparation process of the coating, due to the fact that the particle size of the powder is large and the distribution is uneven, a large number of communicated pore defects exist in the coating finally, oxide inclusions exist, and the bonding strength and service life of the coating are low. And the existence of oxide impurities in the coating causes the problems of adhesive wear and abrasive wear to easily occur when the coating works for a long time under a high pressure working condition, so that the coating is cracked and stripped to lose efficacy.
Based on the above problems, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life, comprising:
atomizing a silver raw material in an inert atmosphere to obtain silver powder, and carrying out air current classification on the silver powder to obtain target silver powder;
Carrying out polarization pretreatment, polarization treatment and preheating on the substrate to obtain a substrate to be sprayed;
And spraying the target silver powder on the surface of the substrate to be sprayed by adopting a plasma spraying method to form a coating.
In some embodiments, the method of preparing the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
A. before atomization, cleaning a container by adopting silver in vacuum or inert atmosphere, wherein the silver comprises one or more of silver raw materials, silver powder and target silver powder;
The cleaning times are 1 to 3 times;
In some examples, the number of washes may be 1, 2, or 3;
B. the purity of the silver raw material is more than or equal to 99.999%;
In some examples, the purity of the silver feedstock may be 99.999%, 99.9999%, 99.99999%, or any value greater than or equal to 99.999%;
C. the granularity range of the target silver powder is 5-38 mu m;
In some examples, the particle size range of the target silver powder may be 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 38 μm, or any value between 5 μm-38 μm;
D. the oxygen content of the target silver powder is 100ppm-300ppm;
in some examples, the oxygen content of the target silver powder may be 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm, 300ppm, or any value between 100ppm and 300 ppm;
E. the final vacuum degree of the polarization pretreatment is 10mbar to 35mbar;
In some examples, the terminal vacuum of the polarization pre-treatment may be 10mbar, 15mbar, 20mbar, 25mbar, 30mbar, 35mbar or any value between 10mbar and 35 mbar;
It should be noted that the terminal vacuum degree of the polarization pretreatment is set within the range of 10mbar-35mbar, the vacuum degree under the vacuum condition is high, the polarized impurities can be timely pumped away, the surface is clean and pollution-free, and the method can be effectively combined with the coating.
F. the vacuum oxygen content of the polarization pretreatment is less than 1000ppm.
In some examples, the vacuum oxygen content of the polarization pretreatment may be 0.0001ppm, 0.001ppm, 0.01ppm, 0.1ppm, 1ppm, 10ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, 500ppm, 999ppm, or any value less than 1000 ppm.
It should be noted that the vacuum oxygen content of the polarization pretreatment is less than 1000ppm, and the lower the oxygen content is, the less likely oxide is generated, and the oxide is hard particles and is unfavorable for the coating.
In some embodiments, the polarization pre-processing comprises:
First cycle: placing the substrate in a vacuum cabin of plasma spraying equipment, and pumping the vacuum degree to 0.001mbar-0.05mbar;
In some examples, the substrate is placed in a vacuum chamber of a plasma spray apparatus, and the vacuum may be pulled to any value between 0.001mbar, 0.005mbar, 0.01mbar, 0.02mbar, 0.03mbar, 0.04mbar, 0.05mbar, or between 0.001mbar and 0.05 mbar;
Backfilling with said inert gas to 100mbar to 300mbar;
In some examples, backfilling with inert gas may be up to any value between 100mbar, 150mbar, 200mbar, 250mbar, 300mbar, or 100mbar-300 mbar;
second cycle: vacuumizing again to 0.001-0.05 mbar;
In some examples, the re-evacuation may be to any value between 0.001mbar, 0.005mbar, 0.01mbar, 0.02mbar, 0.03mbar, 0.04mbar, 0.05mbar, or 0.001mbar-0.05 mbar;
backfilling with the inert gas to obtain the final vacuum degree.
In some embodiments, the first cycle is 3-5 times.
In some examples, the number of first cycles may be 3,4, or 5.
In some embodiments, the method of preparing the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
A. The polarization treatment is carried out by using a gun body with a polarization function, wherein the matrix is used as an anode, and the gun body is used as a cathode;
It should be noted that, the gun body with polarization function is used for polarization treatment, in which the substrate is used as anode, the gun body is used as cathode, the gun body with polarization function can collect voltage on the spray gun, and can discharge with anode, in the course of discharge, oxide skin of substrate material can be burnt out, and in the course of polarization, the anode and cathode are electrified, and there is voltage between them, discharge reaction and burn out oxide skin.
B. the voltage of the polarization treatment is 60V-100V;
in some examples, the voltage of the polarization process may be 60V, 65V, 70V, 75V, 80V, 85V, 90V, 95V, 100Vr, or any value between 60V-100V;
It should be noted that the voltage of the polarization treatment is in the range of 60V-100V, and the surface oxide content of the material after polarization is low.
C. the current of the polarization treatment is 180A-220A;
In some examples, the polarization-processed current may be 180A, 185A, 190A, 195A, 200A, 205A, 210A, 215A, 220A, or any value between 180A-220A;
it should be noted that the current of the polarization treatment is in the range of 180A-220A, and the ablation is sufficient under the current condition.
D. The amplitude of the polarization treatment is 15A-20A;
In some examples, the amplitude of the polarization process may be any value between 15A, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, 20A, or 15A-20A;
it should be noted that the amplitude of the polarization treatment is 15A-20A, and the surface roughness of the substrate is uniform;
E. the moving speed of the spray gun for polarization treatment is 1m/s-1.5m/s.
In some examples, the spray gun movement speed of the polarization process may be 1m/s, 1.1m/s, 1.2m/s, 1.3m/s, 1.4m/s, 1.5m/s, or any value between 1m/s and 1.5 m/s;
It should be noted that the moving speed of the spray gun for polarization treatment is in the range of 1m/s-1.5m/s, the moving speed can effectively and comprehensively remove surface oxides, and the formed surface roughness can improve the bonding strength;
in some embodiments, the method of preparing the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
A. The preheating temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-5 min;
in some examples, the temperature of the preheating may be any value between 300 ℃, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, or 300 ℃ -500 ℃, and the time of the preheating may be any value between 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, or 2min-5 min;
It should be noted that the preheating temperature and the preheating time can be such that the silver particles are sufficiently spread in the above-described range.
B. the power of the preheated plasma spray gun is 35kw-70kw;
In some examples, the power of the preheated plasma torch may be 35kw, 40kw, 45kw, 50kw, 55kw, 60kw, 65kw, 70kw, or any value between 35kw-70 kw;
it should be noted that the preheating plasma torch has a power in the range of 35kw-70kw, and can meet the preheating temperature.
C. the preheating purging distance is 350mm-600mm;
In some examples, the preheated purge distance may be 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, or any value between 350mm-600 mm;
It should be noted that the preheated purge distance is in the range of 350mm-600mm, and the plasma flame flow length can achieve the workpiece temperature;
D. The preheating speed is 500mm/s-1500mm/s.
In some examples, the speed of preheating may be 500mm/s, 600mm/s, 700mm/s, 800mm/s, 900mm/s, 1000mm/s, 1100mm/s, 1200mm/s, 1300mm/s, 1400mm/s, 1500mm/s, or any value between 500mm/s and 1500 mm/s.
It should be noted that the preheating speed is in the range of 500mm/s to 1500mm/s, and that it is possible to effectively preheat and not ablate the surface.
In some embodiments, the method of preparing the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
A. the spraying power is 40KW-60KW;
In some examples, the power of the spray may be 40KW, 45KW, 50KW, 55KW, 60KW, or any value between 40KW-60 KW;
it should be noted that the power of the spray coating is in the range of 40KW-60KW, and the melting characteristics of the target silver powder particles are optimal;
B. The spraying distance is 300mm-600mm;
in some examples, the sprayed distance may be 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, or any value between 300mm-600 mm;
it should be noted that the spraying distance is in the range of 300mm-600mm, the target silver powder particles are more fully spread, and the fewer pores are generated;
C. at least two inert atmospheres are added in the spraying, and the inert gases in the spraying are 85L/min-120L/min;
In some examples, the inert gas in the spray may be 85L/min, 90L/min, 95L/min, 100L/min, 105L/min, 110L/min, 115L/min, 120L/min, or any value between 85L/min-120L/min;
It should be noted that the addition of at least two of the inert atmospheres by spraying reduces oxidation and when there is only a single inert atmosphere, the atmosphere arc is unstable and the heat is insufficient.
D. the length of the plasma flame flow of the spraying is 350mm-1000mm;
In some examples, the plasma plume length of the spray coating may be 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, 650mm, 700mm, 750mm, 800mm, 850mm, 900mm, 950mm, 1000mm, or any value between 350mm-1000 mm;
It should be noted that the plasma flame flow length of the spray coating is in the range of 350mm to 1000mm, and the target silver powder particles can be sufficiently melted under the condition of this state.
E. the diameter of the plasma flame flow of the spraying is 150mm-350mm;
In some examples, the plasma flame flow diameter of the spray coating may be 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, or any value between 150mm-350 mm;
it should be noted that the diameter of the plasma flame flow of the spray coating is in the range of 150mm-350mm, and all particles in the powder can be fully melted;
F. After the spraying is finished, backfilling inert gas, and cooling;
G. the vacuum degree of the spraying is 20mbar-25mbar.
In some examples, the vacuum of the spray coating may be 20mbar, 21mbar, 22mbar, 23mbar, 24mbar, 25mbar or any value between 20mbar and 25 mbar.
In some embodiments, the method of preparing the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
A. The inert atmosphere in the spraying comprises argon and helium, wherein the argon is 80L/min-110L/min, and the helium is 5L/min-10L/min;
In some examples, argon in the spray may be 80L/min, 85L/min, 90L/min, 95L/min, 100L/min, 105L/min, 110L/min, or any value between 80L/min and 110L/min, and helium may be 5L/min, 6L/min, 7L/min, 8L/min, 9L/min, 10L/min, or any value between 5L/min and 10L/min;
It should be noted that when the argon is 80L/min-110L/min and the helium is 5L/min-10L/min, the flight speed of the melted particles is optimal, and the heat-sealing device provided by the helium under the condition of the state can effectively melt all the particles;
B. the vacuum degree of the cooling is 450mbar to 600mbar;
In some examples, the vacuum of cooling may be 450mbar, 500mbar, 550mbar, 600mbar, or any value between 450mbar and 600 mbar;
it should be noted that the coating does not oxidize when the vacuum is cooled in the range of 450mbar to 600 mbar;
C. The cooling speed is 1-10 ℃, and the cooling time is 10-30 min.
In some examples, the cooling rate may be 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 4 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 6 ℃/min, 7 ℃/min, 8 ℃/min, 9 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, or any value between 1 ℃/min and 10 ℃/min, and the cooling time may be 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, or any value between 10min and 30 min.
It should be noted that the cooling rate is in the range of 1 c/min to 10 c/min, which is effective to reduce the stresses in the coating.
The second aspect of the application provides a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, and at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
A. The thickness of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation and high compactness structure and long lubrication life is 0.005mm-5mm;
In some examples, the thickness of the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating may be 0.005mm, 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 5mm, or any value between 0.005mm-5 mm;
B. The porosity of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is less than 0.5%;
In some examples, the porosity of the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high densification structured long lubrication life silver coating may be any value of 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or < 0.5%;
C. the oxygen content of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is less than 0.05%;
In some examples, the oxygen content of the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high densification structured long lubrication life silver coating may be any value of 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, or < 0.05%;
D. The bonding strength of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is more than 70Mpa.
In some examples, the bond strength of the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high densification structural long lubrication life silver coating may be any value of 80Mpa, 90Mpa, 100Mpa, 500Mpa, 1000Mpa, 2000Mpa, or > 70 Mpa.
The third aspect of the application provides a coated workpiece comprising the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life.
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
The first aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing a silver coating with a solid-solid lubrication, low oxidation, high density, and long lubrication life, which includes:
Step 1: the tank is washed with silver in an inert atmosphere for 3 times;
Step 2: adopting silver raw material blocks, wherein the purity of Ag is more than or equal to 99.999 percent and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, adopting vacuum atomization equipment to prepare Ag powder under argon atmosphere, adopting an air classifier to carry out air classification on the powder by the Ag powder to obtain target silver powder, vacuum packaging the target silver powder, transferring the target silver powder to vacuum plasma spraying equipment for subsequent spraying, and adopting argon protective atmosphere for additional installation;
Step 3: placing the chemical extrusion granulating substrate in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, vacuumizing to 0.001mbar, backfilling argon to 300mbar, repeating the steps for 3 times, and controlling the vacuum degree at 25mbar for the last time and the vacuum oxygen content at 100ppm;
Step 4: the adopted vacuum plasma spraying equipment carries out polarization treatment on the chemical extrusion granulating base material, a plasma spray gun is replaced with a gun body with a polarization function, the chemical extrusion granulating base material is subjected to polarization treatment at the linear speed of 1.5m/s, the polarization voltage is 80V, the polarization current is 180A-220A, the polarization amplitude is 20A, and the polarized base material is free of oxides and impurities;
Step 5: the adopted vacuum plasma spraying equipment is used for preheating the chemical extrusion granulation base material, the treatment temperature is 400 ℃, the preheating time is 5min, the surface of the base material is quickly purged and preheated by using a plasma spray gun flame flow, wherein the power of the spray gun is controlled to be 55kw, the purging distance is 500mm, and the purging speed is 800mm/s;
Step 6: spraying the preheated chemical extrusion granulating substrate, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled at 20mbar, the spraying distance is controlled at 500mm, the spraying power is controlled at 50KW, the spraying plasma flame flow length is 800mm, the plasma flame flow diameter is 230mm, the argon gas is 90L/min, and the helium gas is 8L/min;
step 7: after the spraying is finished, closing the plasma spray gun, backfilling argon to the vacuum degree of 540mbar, controlling the cooling speed at 4 ℃/min and controlling the cooling time at 18min;
the second aspect provides a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, which is obtained by the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life;
A third aspect provides a coated workpiece comprising the above-mentioned coated solid-solid lubricated low-oxidation high-density structured long-lubrication life silver coated chemical extrusion granulation substrate;
The solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life obtained in the example is tested, and the results are shown in table 1;
an SEM image of the particle size of Ag powder in this example is shown in fig. 1;
the cross-sectional view of the Ag coating with low oxygen content, high compact structure and high lubrication obtained in the embodiment is shown in FIG. 2;
a physical diagram of the coated workpiece prepared in this example is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 2
The first aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing a silver coating with a solid-solid lubrication, low oxidation, high density, and long lubrication life, which includes:
Step 1: the tank is washed with silver in an inert atmosphere for 3 times;
Step 2: adopting silver raw material blocks, wherein the purity of Ag is more than or equal to 99.999 percent and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, adopting vacuum atomization equipment to prepare Ag powder under argon atmosphere, adopting an air classifier to carry out air classification on the powder by the Ag powder to obtain target silver powder, vacuum packaging the target silver powder, transferring the target silver powder to vacuum plasma spraying equipment for subsequent spraying, and adopting argon protective atmosphere for additional installation;
Step 3: placing the sprayed substrate material in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, vacuumizing to 0.001mbar, backfilling argon to 170mbar, repeating the steps for 5 times, and controlling the vacuum degree at 10mbar for the last time and the vacuum oxygen content at 50ppm;
Step 4: the method comprises the steps of carrying out polarization treatment on a base material by adopting vacuum plasma spraying equipment, replacing a plasma spray gun with a gun body with a polarization function, carrying out polarization treatment on the base material at a linear speed of 1.5m/s, wherein the polarization voltage is 100V, the polarization current is 180A-220A, the polarization amplitude is 20A, and the polarized base material is free of oxides and impurities;
step 5: the method comprises the steps of preheating a matrix material by adopting vacuum plasma spraying equipment, wherein the treatment temperature is 400 ℃, the preheating time is 5min, and the surface of a base material is quickly purged and preheated by using a plasma spray gun flame flow, wherein the spray gun power is controlled to be 45kw, the purging distance is 350mm, and the purging speed is 1500mm/s;
Step 6: spraying the preheated substrate material, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 25mbar, the spraying distance is controlled to be 300mm, the spraying power is controlled to be 54KW, the spraying plasma flame flow length is 400mm, the plasma flame flow diameter is 150mm, the argon is 85L/min, and the helium is 9L/min;
Step 7: after the spraying is finished, closing the plasma spray gun, backfilling argon to the vacuum degree of 580mbar, controlling the cooling speed at 6 ℃/min and the cooling time at 17min;
the second aspect provides a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, which is obtained by the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life;
A third aspect provides a coated workpiece comprising a substrate material of the above spray-coated solid-solid lubricated silver coating of low oxidation high densification structure with long lubrication life;
The coatings obtained in this example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
The first aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing a silver coating with a solid-solid lubrication, low oxidation, high density, and long lubrication life, which includes:
Step 1: the tank is washed with silver in an inert atmosphere for 3 times;
Step 2: adopting silver raw material blocks, wherein the purity of Ag is more than or equal to 99.999 percent and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, adopting vacuum atomization equipment to prepare Ag powder under argon atmosphere, adopting an air classifier to carry out air classification on the powder by the Ag powder to obtain target silver powder, vacuum packaging the target silver powder, transferring the target silver powder to vacuum plasma spraying equipment for subsequent spraying, and adopting argon protective atmosphere for additional installation;
step 3: placing the sprayed substrate material in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, vacuumizing to 0.001mbar, backfilling argon to 300mbar, repeating the steps for 3 times, and controlling the vacuum degree at 15mbar for the last time and the vacuum oxygen content at 10ppm;
Step 4: the method comprises the steps of carrying out polarization treatment on a base material by adopting vacuum plasma spraying equipment, replacing a plasma spray gun with a gun body with a polarization function, carrying out polarization treatment on the base material at a linear speed of 1.5m/s, wherein the polarization voltage is 90V, the polarization current is 180A-220A, the polarization amplitude is 20A, and the polarized base material is free of oxides and impurities;
Step 5: the method comprises the steps of preheating a matrix material by adopting vacuum plasma spraying equipment, wherein the treatment temperature is 480 ℃, the preheating time is 3min, and the surface of a base material is quickly purged and preheated by using a plasma spray gun flame flow, wherein the power of the spray gun is controlled to be 65kw, the purging distance is 400mm, and the purging speed is 800mm/s;
Step 6: spraying the preheated substrate, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled at 20mbar, the spraying distance is controlled at 500mm, the spraying power is controlled at 45KW, the spraying plasma flame flow length is 750mm, the plasma flame flow diameter is 230mm, the argon is 108L/min, and the helium is 6L/min;
Step 7: after the spraying is finished, closing the plasma spray gun, backfilling argon to a vacuum degree of 530mbar, controlling the cooling speed at 5 ℃/min, and controlling the cooling time at 15min;
the second aspect provides a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life, which is obtained by the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with low oxidation and high density structure and long lubrication life;
A third aspect provides a coated workpiece comprising a substrate material of the above spray-coated solid-solid lubricated silver coating of low oxidation high densification structure with long lubrication life;
The coatings obtained in this example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example does not carry out the step 3 polarization pretreatment step, and other conditions are consistent with the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the final control of the vacuum degree of 50mbar in the polarization pretreatment in the step 3 of the comparative example is the same as that of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the final control of the vacuum degree of 55mbar, the vacuum oxygen content of 5000ppm in the polarization pretreatment in the step 3 of the comparative example is the same as that in the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 4
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example was not subjected to the polarization treatment of step 4, and other conditions were identical to those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 5
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example replaces the polarization pretreatment and the polarization treatment of the step 3 and the step 4 with sand blasting treatment, and other conditions are identical with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 6
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example was carried out by setting the polarization voltage of the polarization treatment of step 4 to 120V, and the other conditions were the same as those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 7
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example was carried out by setting the polarization current of the polarization treatment of step 4 to 290A, and the other conditions were the same as those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 8
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: in this comparative example, the linear velocity of the base material subjected to the polarization treatment in the step 4 was set to 0.5m/s, and the other conditions were the same as those in the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 9
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the polarization amplitude of the step 4 is 40A in the comparative example, and other conditions are the same as those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 10
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the preheating treatment temperature in the step 5 is 600 ℃ in the comparative example, and other conditions are consistent with those in the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 11
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example was carried out with a preheated lance power of 28kw in step 5, the other conditions being identical to the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 12
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: in the comparative example, the spraying distance sprayed in the step 6 is 700mm, and other conditions are consistent with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 13
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example has the spraying power of 30KW sprayed in the step 6, and other conditions are consistent with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 14
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: in the comparative example, the length of the plasma flame flow sprayed in the step 6 is 300mm, and other conditions are consistent with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 15
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example shows that the diameter of the plasma flame flow sprayed in the step 6 is 100mm, and other conditions are consistent with the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 16
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: in the comparative example, the inert gas sprayed in the step 6 is argon only, and other conditions are consistent with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 17
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: the cooling speed of the step 7 is 20 ℃/min, and other conditions are consistent with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 18
The first aspect of this comparative example provides a method for preparing a silver coating, which differs from example 1 in that: in the comparative example, argon is backfilled in the cooling of the step 7 until the vacuum degree is 300mbar, and other conditions are consistent with those of the comparative example;
A second aspect provides a coating obtained by the method of preparing a silver coating as described above;
The coatings obtained in this comparative example were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
The thickness, porosity, oxygen content, bond strength and density of the coatings of the examples and comparative examples were tested as shown in table 1;
the porosity test method comprises the following steps: testing porosity by adopting a two-phase area method;
Oxygen content testing method: testing the oxygen content by adopting a pulse heating inert gas melting-infrared absorption method;
The bonding strength test method comprises the following steps: testing was performed according to the GBT8642-2002 thermal spray-tensile bond strength measurement standard;
The compactness testing method comprises the following steps: and (5) performing compactness test by adopting a mercury intrusion method.
TABLE 1 coating Performance test
As can be seen from the above test results, the test results of the comparative examples are all worse than those of the examples;
Wherein, comparative example 1 does not carry out a polarization pretreatment step, resulting in a decrease in bonding strength, poor interface bonding, and an increase in oxygen content;
the final control of the vacuum degree of 50mbar in the polarization pretreatment of comparative example 2, which is not in the range of 10-35mbar, results in increased porosity, increased oxygen content, decreased bonding strength and insufficient compactness;
Comparative example 3 the final control of the vacuum of 55mbar in the polarization pretreatment, when the vacuum oxygen content is 5000ppm, the oxygen content is increased, the porosity is increased, and the bonding strength is reduced;
Comparative example 4 did not undergo polarization treatment, resulting in a decrease in bonding strength;
comparative example 5 was replaced with grit blasting, which resulted in a decrease in bond strength;
comparative example 6 the polarization voltage of the polarization treatment was 120V, which resulted in a decrease in the matrix bonding strength;
Comparative example 7 the polarization current of 290A resulted in ablation of the substrate surface and a decrease in bonding strength;
Comparative example 8 the linear velocity of the polarization-treated matrix material was 0.5m/s, which resulted in a decrease in matrix bonding strength;
Comparative example 9, with a polarization amplitude of 40A, the ablation was severe and the bonding strength was decreased;
when the preheating treatment temperature of comparative example 10 was 600 ℃, the preheating temperature was increased, the stress was increased, and the bonding strength was decreased;
When the preheated spray gun power of comparative example 11 was 28kw, the power was low, the powder was insufficiently melted, and the bonding strength was lowered;
the spraying distance of the comparative example 12 was 700mm, the spraying distance was changed, and the bonding strength was lowered;
when the spraying power of the comparative example 13 was 30KW, the bonding strength was decreased;
The bonding strength was slightly decreased when the plasma flame flow length of the comparative example 14 spray coating was 300 mm;
When the diameter of the plasma flame flow sprayed in comparative example 15 is 100mm, the flame flow is small, the energy density is small, the porosity is increased, and the bonding strength is low;
When the inert gas sprayed in comparative example 16 is argon alone, the energy is insufficient, the powder is insufficiently melted, the porosity is increased, and the bonding strength is reduced;
When the cooling speed of comparative example 17 is 20 ℃/min, the cooling speed is increased, stress is not released, and the bonding strength is seriously reduced;
comparative example 18 step 7 cooling backfilled argon to a vacuum of 300mbar resulted in a decrease in bond strength.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the application and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims below, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is characterized by comprising the following steps:
atomizing a silver raw material in an inert atmosphere to obtain silver powder, and carrying out air current classification on the silver powder to obtain target silver powder;
Carrying out polarization pretreatment, polarization treatment and preheating on the substrate to obtain a substrate to be sprayed;
Spraying the target silver powder on the surface of the substrate to be sprayed by adopting a plasma spraying method to form a coating;
the polarization treatment is carried out by using a gun body with a polarization function, wherein the matrix is used as an anode, and the gun body is used as a cathode;
The voltage of the polarization treatment is 60V-100V;
The current of the polarization treatment is 180A-220A;
the amplitude of the polarization treatment is 15A-20A;
the moving speed of the spray gun for polarization treatment is 1m/s-1.5m/s.
2. The method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life according to claim 1, wherein before atomization, a container is cleaned with silver under vacuum or inert atmosphere, wherein the silver comprises one or more of the silver raw material, the silver powder and the target silver powder;
The cleaning times are 1 to 3 times;
the purity of the silver raw material is more than or equal to 99.999%;
the granularity range of the target silver powder is 5-38 mu m;
the oxygen content of the target silver powder is 100ppm-300ppm;
the final vacuum degree of the polarization pretreatment is 10mbar to 35mbar;
The vacuum oxygen content of the polarization pretreatment is less than 1000ppm.
3. The method for preparing the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with the low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life, according to claim 2, wherein the polarization pretreatment process comprises the following steps:
First cycle: placing the substrate in a vacuum cabin of plasma spraying equipment, and pumping the vacuum degree to 0.001mbar-0.05mbar;
backfilling with inert gas to 100-300 mbar;
second cycle: vacuumizing again to 0.001-0.05 mbar;
backfilling with the inert gas to obtain the final vacuum degree.
4. The method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation, high density and long lubrication life according to claim 3, wherein the number of the first cycles is 3 to 5.
5. The method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-5 min;
The power of the preheated plasma spray gun is 35kw-70kw;
the preheating purging distance is 350mm-600mm;
The preheating speed is 500mm/s-1500mm/s.
6. The method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the power of the spraying is 40KW to 60KW;
the spraying distance is 300mm-600mm;
At least two inert atmospheres are added in the spraying, and the inert gases in the spraying are 85L/min-120L/min;
the length of the plasma flame flow of the spraying is 350mm-1000mm;
The diameter of the plasma flame flow of the spraying is 150mm-350mm;
after the spraying is finished, backfilling inert gas, and cooling;
the vacuum degree of the spraying is 20 mbar-25 mbar.
7. The method for preparing a solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life according to claim 6, wherein the inert atmosphere in the spraying comprises argon and helium, the argon is 80L/min-110L/min, and the helium is 5L/min-10L/min;
the vacuum degree of the cooling is 450mbar to 600mbar;
The cooling speed is 1 ℃/min-10 ℃/min, and the cooling time is 10min-30min.
8. A solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life, characterized in that the silver coating is prepared by the preparation method of the solid-solid lubricated silver coating with a low oxidation and high densification structure and long lubrication life according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
A. The thickness of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation and high compactness structure and long lubrication life is 0.005mm-5mm;
B. The porosity of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is less than 0.5%;
C. the oxygen content of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is less than 0.05%;
D. The bonding strength of the solid-solid lubrication silver coating with the low oxidation, high compactness and long lubrication life is more than 70MPa.
9. A coated workpiece comprising the solid-solid lubricated low oxidation high density structured long lubrication life silver coating of claim 8.
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| CN202410658984.6A CN118222969B (en) | 2024-05-27 | 2024-05-27 | Solid-solid lubrication silver coating with low oxidation, high density structure and long lubrication life, preparation method thereof and coated workpiece |
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| CN102162078A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-24 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | AgZnCu alloy powder for thermal spraying and preparation method thereof |
| CN105397098A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 励福(江门)环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Ag powder for cold spraying |
| CN206047309U (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-03-29 | 王毅 | A kind of device for removing metal material surface oxide skin and impurity |
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| JP4604640B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2011-01-05 | 東ソー株式会社 | Vacuum device parts, manufacturing method thereof, and apparatus using the same |
| JP2009161846A (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-07-23 | Densho Engineering Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing inner member of plasma treatment vessel |
| EP2268327B1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2019-05-29 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Coating and coating method |
| CN112171383A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-05 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Surface pretreatment method for in-situ repair of on-board cold spraying |
| CN112281152B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-11-22 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司柳州局 | Wear-resistant silver electrical contact and preparation method thereof |
| CN113355627A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-07 | 北京理工大学 | Method for preparing conductive coating on surface of composite material by plasma spraying |
| CN115570141B (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-07 | 长春黄金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of superfine silver powder for conductive paste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102162078A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-24 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | AgZnCu alloy powder for thermal spraying and preparation method thereof |
| CN105397098A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 励福(江门)环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Ag powder for cold spraying |
| CN206047309U (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-03-29 | 王毅 | A kind of device for removing metal material surface oxide skin and impurity |
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