CN116284478A - 一种番石榴寡糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种番石榴寡糖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116284478A CN116284478A CN202310212135.3A CN202310212135A CN116284478A CN 116284478 A CN116284478 A CN 116284478A CN 202310212135 A CN202310212135 A CN 202310212135A CN 116284478 A CN116284478 A CN 116284478A
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- guava
- oligosaccharide
- gps4
- extract
- polysaccharide
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种番石榴寡糖及其制备方法和应用,通过采用超滤法结合DEAE‑52柱层析纯化得到番石榴寡糖GPs4,同时采用元素分析法、离子色谱法和高效凝胶渗透色谱法对GPs4的物理化学性质进行鉴定,并结合红外光谱、气相质谱、核磁NMR和高分辨质谱确定了GPs4的结构,番石榴寡糖GPs4为一种全新的寡糖结构,同时还研究了GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节活性,实验表明GPs4在极低的药物浓度下,能够发挥较好的免疫调节活性。这一发明为番石榴寡糖的制备、结构解析及其应用提供了新的方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及寡糖或多糖技术领域,具体涉及一种番石榴寡糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
番石榴(Psidium guajavaLinn.)属桃金娘科,又名芭乐,是我国南方农业经济的重要水果之一。寡糖作为面向21世纪“未来型”新一代功能活性成分,其具有广泛适用范围及应用前景,是近年来重点的研究对象。它具有分子量低、粘度小、溶解性强、易吸收等特点,甚至表现出比多糖更显著的生物活性。到目前为止,寡糖的制备方法多为酶解法,但酶解法存在产率低、专一性强、组分杂等缺点,还没见到采用超滤法结合DEAE-52柱层析纯化制备寡糖的报道。
超滤膜分离技术是利用外界能力或化学位差为推动力,利用膜的孔径不同对成分进行分离、提纯和富集的技术。通过选择超滤膜的孔径大小,可实现去除小分子有机溶剂、盐类等杂质。此外,超滤膜分离技术还可根据压力的调节改变多糖的分子构象,使其变成刚性结构,并得到分子量接近、单一的组分多糖。
DEAE-52是一种阴离子交换剂,是在纤维素中引进二乙基氨基乙基这种交换基团而形成的高分子聚合物。高分子聚合物和电荷集团通过共价结合,形成一个带电的可进行离子交换的基团。反离子是结合于电荷基团上的平衡离子,它能与溶液中其它的离子基团发生可逆的交换反应,分离的过程将溶液中的待分离成分,依靠库仑力和电荷差异吸附在离子交换剂上,选择适合的洗脱剂将吸附剂在离子交换剂上的成分洗脱下来,达到分离纯化的目的。
本发明的发明人收集的番石榴寡糖GPs4,其结构特征和潜在活性并未被研究。因此,本发明重点阐明番石榴寡糖GPs4的制备、分离纯化、结构鉴定以及明确其免疫调节活性,采用元素分析法、离子色谱法和高效凝胶渗透色谱法对GPs4的物理化学性质进行鉴定,并结合红外光谱、气相质谱、核磁NMR和高分辨质谱确定了GPs4的结构,还研究了GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节活性。这一发明为番石榴寡糖的制备、结构解析及其应用提供了新的方向。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明解决上述技术问题的方案如下:
本发明第一方面提供了一种番石榴寡糖GPs4。
一种番石榴寡糖GPs4,以摩尔百分比计,所述番石榴寡糖的单糖组成为葡萄糖70.4%和木糖29.6%,番石榴寡糖的结构式如下:其主链结构为:
所述番石榴寡糖的分子量为1054Da。
本发明第二方面提供了一种番石榴寡糖提取物,所述番石榴寡糖提取物包含上述的番石榴寡糖GPs4。可以理解的是,通过各种方法获得的多糖提取物含有许多其他杂质,如蛋白质、小分子物质、盐等,需要通过醇沉淀→除蛋白→脱色→脱盐→柱层析等流程逐步对多糖进行分离纯化,才能得到纯度相对较高的多糖。此外,如果要获得高纯度的均一多糖,还要利用不同的分离方法和技术相结合才能实现。因此,上述每一个步骤中含有番石榴寡糖GPs4的提取物都为番石榴寡糖提取物。以往的研究表明,番石榴提取物中包含有大量的三萜类成分、黄酮类成分和挥发油成分,因此,上述番石榴寡糖提取物中只要含有含有番石榴寡糖GPs4,还可能含有番石榴提取过程中的其他活性成分,均涵盖在番石榴提取物范围内。
本发明第三方面提供了一种番石榴寡糖的提取方法,包含以下操作步骤:
得到番石榴多糖粗提物,所述番石榴多糖粗提物为番石榴的水提得到;
纯化分离番石榴寡糖GPs4,将番石榴多糖粗提物经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,洗脱液依次为超纯水、0.1M NaCl溶液、0.3M NaCl、0.6MNaCl、0.9MNaCl和1.2M NaCl,流速为1ml/min,收集超纯水得到的洗脱组分,冻干,再经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,洗脱液为超纯水,得权利要求1所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4。
可以理解的是,本发明的番石榴寡糖提取物是指对番石榴进行提取所得到的物质,水提物是指用水进行提取所得到的组分,可以为固体也可以为液体,应理解为均在本发明的保护范围内。本发明的番石榴寡糖提取物可以采用现有方法进行制备,例如:采用煎煮法、低温高压提取技术、酶解、微波、超声波、膜处理和CO2超临界萃取等,不应理解为对本发明的限制。在本发明实施例中,采用加热煎煮法获取番石榴寡糖提取物。
进一步的,番石榴寡糖的提取方法:所述得到番石榴多糖粗提物步骤为:
S1、水提:将番石榴榨汁,热水提取,过滤,得提液;进一步的,S1水提步骤中,水与番石榴榨汁的体积比为49:1,热水温度为80℃,提取时间为2h;
S2、浓缩:将步骤S1的提液浓缩,浓缩后离心,并收集上清液;进一步的,S2浓缩步骤中,浓缩仪器为旋转蒸发仪,温度为65℃,30rpm,蒸发至原体积的1/6-1/4,离心条件为20℃,12000r/min,离心10min;
S3、除蛋白:向步骤S2的上清液中加入硫酸铵和叔丁醇除蛋白,离心,收集硫酸铵相;进一步的,步骤S3中的上清液加入硫酸铵和叔丁醇的体积比为(1.5-3):(0.3-1):(0.7-1.5),25℃,pH=7的条件下剧烈搅拌1h;S3除蛋白步骤中,离心条件为20℃,12000r/min,离心10min。
S4、超滤:将步骤S3的硫酸铵相通过不同截留分子量的超滤膜进行除杂及分离,收集上层浓缩液,冷冻干燥,得到番石榴多糖粗提物;进一步的,步骤S4中的超滤膜为10kDa、30kDa、50kDa、100kDa和150kDa的超滤膜,过膜温度为40℃,过膜压力为0.4MPa,5个组分分别是组分1:10-30kDa;组分2:30-50kDa;组分3:50-100kDa;组分4:100kDa-150kDa;组分5:>150kDa,经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析的番石榴多糖粗提物100kDa-150kDa;
S5、纯化:将步骤S4的番石榴多糖粗提物,经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,洗脱液依次为超纯水、0.1M NaCl溶液、0.3M NaCl、0.6MNaCl、0.9M NaCl和1.2MNaCl,流速为1ml/min,收集超纯水得到的洗脱组分,冷冻干燥,再经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,洗脱液为超纯水,得权利要求1所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4。步骤S5中的番石榴多糖粗提物浓度为50mg/mL,上样量为2mL,DEAE-52纤维素柱规格为2.6cm×50cm。
本发明第四方面提供了一种免疫调节药物,包括上述的番石榴寡糖GPs4或上述的番石榴寡糖提取物。
进一步的,所述免疫调节药物,还包括药学上可以接受的辅料。
进一步的,所述免疫调节药物配制用于口服施用。
进一步的,所述药物组合物为丸剂、粉剂、胶囊剂、片剂、盖膜剂、口溶性颗粒剂或液体剂的形式。
本发明的寡糖、组合物或药物的剂型和施用方式没有特别限制。代表性的施用方式包括但并不限于口服、静脉注射(静注)、肌内注射(肌注)、皮下注射、直肠灌注、口腔喷雾和局部给药。
用于口服固体制剂例如:丸剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、片剂和散剂等。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如润湿剂、渗透剂、助溶剂、助悬剂、填充剂、甜味剂、着色剂、发泡剂、芳香剂、防腐剂、稀释剂、增溶剂、增塑剂、增稠剂、吸附剂、基质、絮凝剂、缓冲剂、吸收剂、消泡剂抛光剂、抛射剂、冷凝剂、空气置换剂等。
本发明第五方面提供了所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4或所述的番石榴寡糖提取物或所述的免疫调节药物在制备调节免疫药物、食品、保健品和化妆品中的应用。
多糖发挥免疫调节作用途径多样,其作用与结构之间的关系已有深入研究。通过对国内外众多文献的系统分析,发现多糖的免疫活性主要与多糖的相对分子质量、单糖组成、糖苷键类型、化学修饰、高级构象等密切相关。研究表明,多糖相对分子质量较低则无法形成具有活性的聚合结构,但对分子质量太大则不利于多糖穿过细胞膜进入体内发挥其活性。基于大量多糖单糖组成与免疫调节作用关系研究,多糖中半乳糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和甘露糖等单糖的存在与否和含量多少会影响其免疫活性。多糖糖苷键类型对免疫活性产生重要影响。另外,大量的实验研究表明,经硫酸化修饰的多糖免疫调节活性得到了提高。陈诺等,多糖免疫调节作用与结构关系研究进展[J],China Journal of Chinese MateriaMedica,2022.发明人意外发现,本发明中的番石榴寡糖GPs4,其从分子量大小、单糖组成、糖苷键类型和硫酸化修饰等发面均体现该寡糖在免疫调节方面的优势。发明人采用CCK-8试剂盒来测定番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7增殖的影响,采用NO试剂盒检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO的影响,均表明该番石榴寡糖GPs4在25μg/ml-100μg/ml的浓度范围内,对免疫系统具有较好的调节作用,其中在浓度为25μg/ml时效果最好。
名词解释:
不同来源的番石榴果实是可接受的。虽然不被以下限制,但番石榴原料理论上可以从诸如Psidiumcattleianum,Psidium cattleianum ssp.Lucidum,Psidium guajava,Psidium guineense,Psidium littorale,Psidium molle orPsidium schiedeanum植物中得到。
所述的术语“提取物“意指为从植物来源获得的番石榴提取组合物,比如叶片、嫩枝、树皮、根、茎、种子、花、浆果、果实,比如,通过本文描述的分离方法。意外地发现,同番石榴原料本身或冷冻干燥产品相比,新鲜的番石榴果实的番石榴寡糖提取物含量明显高于其他部位提取物,因此,番石榴果实的果肉和果汁可以使用。当使用叶片时,在提取之前把叶片研磨成粉通常是最佳的。在研磨之前,可选择干燥叶片。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点:
(1)通过高效凝胶渗透色谱仪测定该番石榴寡糖GPs4的重均分子量为1446道尔顿。
(2)通过元素分析仪测定番石榴寡糖GPs4的元素组成,所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4中含有氮元素和硫元素;通过离子色谱仪测定番石榴寡糖GPs4的单糖组成,所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4的单糖组成为葡萄糖和木糖。
通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析番石榴寡糖GPs4的官能团,推测该番石榴寡糖GPs4的潜在结构。
甲基化处理,并通过GC-MS分析出番石榴寡糖GPs4中可能存在的糖残基,结果显示所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4可能存在9种单糖残基链接方式,分别为2,3,5-Me3-Xylp、2,3-Me2-Xylp、2,3,4,6-Me4-Glcp、2,4,6-Me3-Glcp、2,3,6-Me3-Glcp、2,3,4-Me3-Glcp、2,6-Me2-Glcp、2,3-Me2-Glcp、2,4-Me2-Glcp。
通过超导核磁共振波谱仪分析番石榴寡糖GPs4的结构,推测出所述番石榴寡糖GPs4共有6种单糖残基,其主链结构为:
α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,3)-β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,4)-β-D-Xylp,其支链结构为一个硫酸铵基团,且连接在1,3,6-β-D-Glcp的3号碳上。
通过高分辨质谱验证番石榴寡糖GPs4的结构,结果显示其一级质谱中分子量为1054道尔顿,其二级质谱的分子量与所述番石榴寡糖GPs4碎片化后的结构相一致。是一种全新的寡糖结构。
(3)本发明采用CCK-8法检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖的影响。结果显示,番石榴寡糖GPs4在使用的浓度范围内(25μg/ml-100μg/ml)内对细胞活力不会造成显著影响的同时,对脂多糖LPS还能起到一定的抑制作用,其中番石榴寡糖GPs4在使用浓度为25μg/ml效果最好,对细胞活力影响最小。
本发明采用NO试剂盒检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO的影响,进而判断番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的抑制作用。结果显示,添加1μg/ml LPS组的NO产量显著增加(p<0.0001),说明细胞炎症被成功诱导。与LPS组相比,添加GPs4后,NO的产量较显著下降(p<0.001)。同时,加入阿司匹林(80μM)后,NO的产量也有较显著下降(p<0.001)。因此,我们得出结论,在使用浓度范围内(25μg/ml-100μg/ml),GPs4对抑制巨噬细胞释放NO具有明显的剂量依赖性作用,并且在浓度为25μg/ml时效果最好。有望开发成为一种全新的调节免疫的药品、保健品或功能性食品。
附图说明
图1本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的DEAE-52纤维素洗脱曲线图,a为第一次洗脱曲线图,b为第二次洗脱曲线图;
图2本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的分子量凝胶色谱图;
图3本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的单糖组成离子色谱图,a为混标离子色谱图,b为样品多糖离子色谱图;
图4本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的傅里叶变换红外光谱图;
图5本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的甲基化单糖残基分析图;
图6本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的核磁共振波谱图,a为1H谱,b为13C谱,c为COSY谱,d为HSQC谱,e为HMBC谱;
图7本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的结构图;
图8本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4的高分辨质谱图;
图9本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7细胞增殖的影响图;
图10本发明中制得的番石榴寡糖GPs4对RAW 264.7细胞释放NO的影响图;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:番石榴寡糖的制备,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.首先将番石榴榨成汁,然后按照49:1的体积加入三级水后,在80℃水浴条件下浸提2h,每半小时搅拌一次,浸提完成后用纱布过滤,得浸提液;
S2.将步骤S1所述的浸提液利用旋转蒸发仪在65℃,30rpm的条件下蒸发至原体积的1/5。浓缩后的提取液以12000r/min,20℃的条件超高速离心10min,收集合并上清液;
S3.向步骤S2所述的上清液中加入硫酸铵和叔丁醇除蛋白,其中硫酸铵为上清液体积的30%,上清液:叔丁醇的体积比为2:1,然后在25℃,pH=7的条件下剧烈搅拌1h,充分搅拌后以12000r/min,20℃的条件超高速离心10min,收集硫酸铵相;
S4.将步骤S3所述的硫酸铵相分别通过10kDa、30kDa、50kDa、100kDa和150kDa的超滤膜进行除杂及分离,过膜温度为40℃,过膜压力为0.4MPa,通过收集上层浓缩液得到5个组分,分别是组分1:10-30kDa;组分2:30-50kDa;组分3:50-100kDa;组分4:100kDa-150kDa;组分5:>150kDa。然后将5个组分进行冷冻干燥,得到番石榴多糖粗提物组分1-5。
S5.将步骤S4中的番石榴多糖粗提物组分4用去离子水配置成溶液,经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,柱子规格为2.6cm×50cm,洗脱液依次为超纯水、0.1MNaCl溶液、0.3M NaCl、0.6M NaCl、0.9MNaCl和1.2MNaCl,流速为1ml/min,每种洗脱液收集30管(10ml/管),然后用苯酚硫酸法绘制洗脱曲线图,结果如图1所示。收集超纯水得到的洗脱液,冷冻干燥后,重复上述操作,洗脱液为超纯水,得番石榴寡糖GPs4。
实施例2:通过HPGPC测定实施例1中寡糖GPs4的分子量和纯度;
样品处理:精确配置0.05M NaCl溶液,过0.45μm滤膜,超声处理10min后室温保存备用。精密称取实施例1中番石榴寡糖GPs4和标准品,样品配制成5mg/ml溶液,12000rpm离心10min,上清液用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤,后将样品转置于1.8ml进样小瓶中;
色谱柱分析条件:色谱柱为BRT105-104-102串联凝胶柱(8×300mm);流动相为0.05MNaCl溶液,控制流速为0.6ml/min,柱温为40℃;进样量为20μl;检测器为示差检测器RI-10A。
峰位分子量Mp:最高峰的分子量,Mp也是分子量分布的一种表达方式,用于表征分子量分布极窄的聚合物,如校准聚合物标准品;
数均分子量Mn:数均分子量是样品中所有聚合链分子量的统计平均值,Mn可以通过聚合机制来进行预测,并通过测定给定质量样品中的分子数量来确定,例如端基分析等依数性方法。如果用Mn来表征分子量分布,则Mn两侧分布有同等数量的分子。
重均分子量Mw:重均分子量如下定义相对于Mn,Mw测定平均分子量时把单链分子量大小对Mw的贡献也考虑进去。链的质量越大,对Mw的贡献也越大。通过灵敏地测定分子大小,而不只是测定其数量的方法来确定Mw,如果用Mw表征分子量分布,则Mw两侧分布有同等重量的分子。
实验结果:得到lgMp-RT(峰位分子量),lgMw-RT(重均分子量),lgMn-RT(数均分子量)校正曲线:
lgMp-RT校正曲线方程为:y=-0.1785x+11.585,R2=0.9954;
lgMw-RT校正曲线方程为:y=-0.1902x+12.139,R2=0.9938;
lgMn-RT校正曲线方程为:y=-0.1763x+11.423,R2=0.9915;
根据标准品曲线,得出计算公式进而计算出每个样品的分子量大小,通过HPGPC测定番石榴寡糖GPs4的重均分子量(Mw)为1446Da,数据结果如图2和表1所示。
表1番石榴寡糖GPs4的分子量数据
实施例3:通过元素分析仪和离子色谱仪测定实施例1中番石榴寡糖GPs4的元素组成和单糖组成;
元素分析实验方法:按照规范完成元素分析仪的开机过程后,分别称取GPs4与标品约5mg,并将具体样品质量输入到样品表后,选择C/H/N/S模式开始检测,检测结束后记录分析结果,各元素占比如表2所示。番石榴寡糖GPs4中含有氮元素和硫元素,可能是除蛋白过程中硫酸铵与GPs4产生了结合。
表2番石榴寡糖GPs4的各元素占比
单糖分析实验方法:精确称取5mg±0.05mg的GPs4,加入2.5mol/L三氟乙酸(TFA)溶液,121℃下加热水解2h。浓缩蒸干后,加入甲醇,通氮气吹干,重复多次以除尽残留的TFA;吹干后的样品用无菌去离子水溶解后上机检测。将岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸标准品混合均配制成10mg/ml的标准液母液,稀释100倍,再稀释成1,5,10,20,30,40,50和60μg/ml标准溶液上机检测。根据单标法,测定不同单糖浓度,根据单糖摩尔质量计算出摩尔比;
上机条件:流动相A相:ddH2O,B相:200mM NaOH,C相:200mM NaOH和500mM NaAC;分离柱:DionexTMCarboPacTMPA20(150mm×3mm,6.5μm),流速为0.5ml/min。梯度洗脱程序:0-25min,97.5%A,2.5%B;25-25.1min,97.5%A线性变为77.5%,0%C线性变为20%;25.1-40min,77.5%A,2.5%B,20%C;40-40.1min,C线性变为100%;40.1-50min,100%C;50-50.1min,0%A线性变为97.5%,0%B线性变为2.5%,50.1-60min,97.5%A,2.5%B;
混标溶剂峰:20min为氢氧化钠的峰,40min为乙酸钠的峰;
实验结果:离子色谱分析结果如图3和表3所示,与单糖标样对比发现,本发明中的番石榴寡糖GPs4是由葡萄糖(70.4%)和木糖(29.6%)组成。
表3番石榴寡糖GPs4的单糖组成
实施例4:通过傅里叶变化红外光谱仪测定实施例1番石榴寡糖GPs4的官能团;
实验方法:称取1mg充分干燥的GPs4样品,在加热灯下与100mg干燥的溴化钾混合研磨均匀,置于压片机中压至透明片状,再将压片置于VERTEX 70红外光谱仪上,于4000-400cm-1区间内进行红外数据收集;
实验结果:番石榴寡糖GPs4的红外光谱结果如图4所示。红外光谱显示,在3432.81cm-1处有最强的信号,此信号与羟基(-OH)有关,是糖类的特征吸收峰。同时,还检测到与糖类相关的化学键C-H(2942.47cm-1)、C-O和C-OH(1059.06cm-1)。此外,在GPs4中还检测到硫酸盐(1413.93cm-1)、0=S=0(1258.74cm-1)、C-0-S(866.71cm-1)等与硫元素有关的官能团或化学键,证明了原料与硫酸铵的结合。除此之外,在921.14cm-1和866.71cm-1存在红外信号,证明GPs4中存在β构型及α构型。
实施例5:实施例1的番石榴寡糖GPs4经甲基化、水解、乙酰化后,经GC-MS测定并与标准质谱图库进行比对。
实验方法:称量实施例4的番石榴寡糖GPs4样品(2-3mg)置于玻璃反应瓶中,加入1ml无水DMSO,快速加入甲基化试剂A液,封闭,在超声作用下溶解,再加入甲基化试剂B液。在磁力搅拌水浴30℃反应60min反应。最后将2ml超纯水加入到上述混合物中终止甲基化反应。取甲基化后的多糖,加入1ml的2M三氟乙酸(TFA)水解90min,旋转蒸发仪蒸干。残基加入2ml双蒸水,60mg硼氢化钠还原8小时,加入冰醋酸中和,旋蒸,101度烘箱烘干,然后加入1ml乙酸酐乙酰化100℃反应1h,冷却。然后加入3ml甲苯,减压浓缩蒸干,重复4-5次,以除去多余的醋酐。将乙酰化后的产物用3ml CH2Cl2溶解后转移至分液漏斗,加入少量蒸馏水充分震荡后,除去上层水溶液,如此重复4次。CH2Cl2层以适量的无水硫酸钠干燥,定容10ml,放入液相小瓶;
分析仪器:采用Shimadzu GCMS-QP 2010气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定乙酰化产物样品;
GC-MS条件:RXI-5SIL MS色谱柱30m*0.25mm*0.25um,程序升温条件为起始温度120℃,以3℃/min升温至250℃/min,保持5min,进样口温度为250℃,检测器温度为250℃/min,载气为氦气,流速为1ml/min;
实验结果:番石榴寡糖GPs4的甲基化单糖形式结果如图5和表4所示,甲基化处理并通过GC-MS分析出糖残基及比例,结果显示番石榴寡糖GPs4可能有9种单糖残基链接方式,分别为2,3,5-Me3-Xylp、2,3-Me2-Xylp、2,3,4,6-Me4-Glcp、2,4,6-Me3-Glcp、2,3,6-Me3-Glcp、2,3,4-Me3-Glcp、2,6-Me2-Glcp、2,3-Me2-Glcp、2,4-Me2-Glcp。这9种单糖残基都与葡萄糖和木糖有关,再次证明GPs4是由葡萄糖和木糖构成。
表4番石榴寡糖GPs4甲基化糖醇乙酰酯(PMAA)结果分析
实施例6:通过超导核磁共振波谱仪推测实施例1番石榴寡糖GPs4的结构;
实验方法:称取约40mg的GPs4样品,溶于0.55ml的D2O中,置于水浴锅中使其充分溶解再离心取上清放入核磁管,在Bruker 600MHz核磁共振仪上进行一维(1H NMR和13CNMR)和二维(COSY,HSQC和HMBC)光谱的测定;
实验结果:番石榴寡糖GPs4的核磁结果如图6所示,结合甲基化的结果,从一维波谱(1H和13C)中能够找到属于6种单糖残基的端基氢和端基碳的化学迁移信号,分别是A1(H/C=4.27ppm/101.55ppm):→4)-D-Xylp-(1→,B1(H/C=5.48ppm/92.27ppm):D-Glcp-(1→,C1(H/C=4.72ppm/103.72ppm):→3)-D-Glcp-(1→,D1(H/C=5.30ppm/98.16ppm):→4)-D-Glcp-(1→,E1(H/C=4.70ppm/96.02ppm):→6)-D-Glcp-(1→,F1(H/C=4.85ppm/104.56ppm):→3,6)-D-Glcp-(1→,并根据它们所归属的化学迁移信号,确定了它们的构型,大于5ppm的为α构型,小于5ppm的为β构型。然后再根据二维波谱(COSY和HSQC)确定6种单糖残基中剩余的氢和碳所归属的化学迁移信号,结果如表5所示。最后,结合HMBC谱,确定6种单糖残基的连接方式,得到GPs4的结构,GPs4的结构如图7所示。
其主链结构为:
α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,3)-β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,4)-β-D-Xylp,其支链结构为一个硫酸铵基团,且链接在1,3,6-β-D-Glcp的3号碳上。
表5番石榴寡糖GPs4单糖残基的化学位移归属
实施例7:通过超高分辨飞行时间质谱仪对实施例1番石榴寡糖GPs4进行一级质谱及二级质谱测定,验证其结构;
实验方法:称取约5mg的GPs4用流动相进行溶解,然后进样,进样量为10μL,检测仪器为maXis impact高分辨液-质联用仪。
液相条件:高压二元梯度泵:0.01-1ml/min,操作压力:0-400bar,流速:1ml/min,流动相:乙腈,温度:5-65℃,波长范围:100-900nm。
质谱条件:离子源:ESI,正负模式,毛细管电压:3800V,端板偏移电压:500V,喷雾器:1bar,干燥气体流速:6L/min,干燥温度:180℃,扫描范围(m/z)100-2000;质谱柱型号为Luna 5u C18(2)100A 150*4.60mm 5micron。
实验结果:番石榴寡糖GPs4的高分辨质谱结果如图8所示。从一级质谱从可看出,GPs4的具体分子量为1054Da,与图7中的GPs4结构的分子量相一致。从二级质谱中可以看出,通过对GPs4的结构进一步裂解,其相应部分的分子量均能在二级质谱中找到,分别是①→4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→(147.0636);②α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→(503.1010);③→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→(564.0757,其中3号碳有存在一个硫酸铵基团);④α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,3)-β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→(664.5086);⑤→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1,4)-β-D-Xylp(712.6098,其中3号碳有存在一个硫酸铵基团)。高分辨质谱结果证明了图7中GPs4结构的准确性。
实施例8:实施例1番石榴寡糖GPs4的免疫调节活性测定。
S1.巨噬细胞RAW264.7的培养
实验内容:在DMEM培养基中加入10%(v/v)胎牛血清和1%(v/v)双抗,作为巨噬细胞RAW 264.7的完全培养液。将冻存的巨噬细胞RAW264.7复苏后,用完全培养液重悬混匀后置于无菌的培养瓶中,放在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养,待细胞贴壁几乎长满培养瓶底部时进行传代,或铺板进行进一步的实验。
实验操作:
①复苏:从液氮罐中取出装在冻存管中的巨噬细胞RAW 264.7,在37℃水浴锅中摇晃使其快速融化后转移至已装有5ml完全培养液的离心管中,吹打混匀后低速离心(1000r/min,3min),弃上清,加入5ml新鲜的完全培养液重悬细胞,将细胞悬液转移至细胞培养瓶中,放在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养过夜再更换新鲜完全细胞培养液继续培养。待贴壁细胞密度为80%左右时可进行传代培养。
②传代:将旧培养基吸弃,用PBS缓冲液清洗2次后,加入5ml新鲜的完全培养基,将细胞从瓶壁吹打下来,将细胞悬液按照一定比例传代至新细胞培养瓶中,放在细胞培养箱中继续培养。
③冻存:将吹打均匀的细胞悬液低速离心(1000r/min,3min),弃上清,加入细胞冻存液,吹打混匀,转移至无菌冻存管中,标记好细胞名称和冻存时间。-80℃过夜,最后保存至液氮罐中。
S2.番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞的影响
实验内容:采用CCK-8法检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖的影响、采用NO试剂盒检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO释放量的影响,初步判断其免疫调节活性。
实验操作:
①对巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖的影响:采用CCK-8试剂盒来测定番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7增殖的影响。将培养瓶中细胞用完全培养液DMEM吹打下来,再用DMEM将RAW 264.7细胞密度调整2.0×104个/mL,混匀后往96孔板中每孔加入100μL,放入培养箱中培养24h。24h后弃去上清培养液,加入不同浓度的GPs4样品,浓度为0、25、50和100μg/mL,同时设置空白对照组、LPS组和阳性对照组,空白对照组加入等体积的完全培养液,LPS组加入等体积的1μg/mL LPS溶液,阳性对照组加入等体积的1μg/mL LPS溶液和抗炎药阿司匹林,每组设置六个复孔。添加完毕后,再放置培养箱中培养24h。24h后,弃去上清培养液,每孔加入100μL的DMEM和10μL CCK-8试剂,避光孵育2h后,用酶标仪在450nm波长下记录吸光度。
②对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO的影响:采用NO试剂盒来测定番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO的影响。将培养瓶中细胞用完全培养液吹打下来,再用完全培养液将RAW 264.7细胞密度调整2.0×104个/mL,混匀后往96孔板中每孔加入100μL,放入培养箱中培养24h。24h后弃去上清培养液,加入不同浓度的GPs4样品,浓度为0、25、50和100μg/mL,同时设置空白对照组、LPS组和阳性对照组,空白对照组加入等体积的完全培养液,LPS组加入等体积的1μg/mL LPS溶液,阳性对照组加入等体积的1μg/mL LPS溶液和抗炎药阿司匹林,每组设置六个复孔。再放置培养箱中培养24h,收集上清,采用NO试剂盒按照其说明书检测NO释放情况。
实验结果:
①本发明采用CCK-8法检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞增殖的影响。结果如图9所示,番石榴寡糖GPs4在使用的浓度范围内(25μg/ml-100μg/ml)内对细胞活力不会造成显著影响的同时,对脂多糖LPS还能起到一定的抑制作用,其中番石榴寡糖GPs4在使用浓度为25μg/ml效果最好,对细胞活力影响最小。
②本发明采用NO试剂盒检测番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放NO的影响进而判断番石榴寡糖GPs4对巨噬细胞的刺激作用。结果如图10所示,添加1μg/ml LPS组的NO产量显著增加(p<0.0001),说明细胞炎症被成功诱导。与LPS组相比,添加GPs4后,NO的产量较显著下降(p<0.001)。同时,加入阿司匹林(80μM)后,NO的产量也有较显著下降(p<0.001)。因此,我们得出结论,在使用浓度范围内(25μg/ml-100μg/ml),GPs4对抑制巨噬细胞释放NO具有明显的剂量依赖性作用,并且在浓度为25μg/ml时效果最好。
上述为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述内容的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.一种番石榴寡糖提取物,其特征在于:所述番石榴寡糖提取物包含权利要求1所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4。
3.一种番石榴寡糖的提取方法,其特征在于:包含以下操作步骤:
得到番石榴多糖粗提物,所述番石榴多糖粗提物为番石榴的水提得到;
纯化分离番石榴寡糖GPs4,将番石榴多糖粗提物经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,洗脱液依次为超纯水、0.1M NaCl溶液、0.3M NaCl、0.6M NaCl、0.9M NaCl和1.2M NaCl,流速为1ml/min,收集超纯水得到的洗脱组分,冻干,再经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,洗脱液为超纯水,得权利要求1所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4。
4.根据权利要求3所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述得到番石榴多糖粗提物步骤为:
S1、水提:番石榴榨汁,水与番石榴汁混合;
S2、浓缩:将步骤S1的提液浓缩,离心,并收集上清液;
S3、除蛋白:向步骤S2的上清液中加入硫酸铵和叔丁醇除蛋白,离心,收集硫酸铵相;
S4、超滤:将步骤S3的硫酸铵相透析,收集上层浓缩液,冻干,得到番石榴多糖粗提物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提取方法,其特征在于:包含以下a)-d)中的一项或多项技术特征,
a)步骤S1中,水提温度为80℃,提取时间为2h;
b)步骤S2中,浓缩至原体积的1/6-1/4;
c)步骤S3中,上清液加入硫酸铵和叔丁醇的体积比为(1.5-3):(0.3-1):(0.7-1.5);
d)步骤S4中,超滤膜为10kDa、30kDa、50kDa、100kDa和150kDa,过膜温度为40℃,过膜压力为0.4MPa,100kDa-150kDa超滤膜透析物为番石榴多糖粗提物。
6.一种免疫调节药物,其特征在于:包括权利要求1所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4或权利要求2所述的番石榴寡糖提取物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的免疫调节药物,其特征在于:还包括药学上可以接受的辅料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的免疫调节药物,其特征在于:所述免疫调节药物配制用于口服施用。
9.根据权利要求6所述的免疫调节药物,其特征在于:所述药物组合物为丸剂、粉剂、胶囊剂、片剂、盖膜剂、口溶性颗粒剂或液体剂的形式。
10.权利要求1所述的番石榴寡糖GPs4或权利要求2所述的番石榴寡糖提取物或权利要求6所述的免疫调节药物在制备调节免疫药物、食品、保健品和化妆品中的应用。
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JP2002037739A (ja) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-06 | Mikimoto Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 免疫調整剤 |
CN104861080A (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-26 | 广东药学院 | 番石榴中的多糖及其制备方法和用途 |
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