CN116271166A - 一种挥发油香薰抑菌片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种挥发油香薰抑菌片及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116271166A CN116271166A CN202310272559.9A CN202310272559A CN116271166A CN 116271166 A CN116271166 A CN 116271166A CN 202310272559 A CN202310272559 A CN 202310272559A CN 116271166 A CN116271166 A CN 116271166A
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- volatile oil
- antibacterial
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Abstract
本申请涉及植物提取物技术领域，具体公开了一种挥发油香薰抑菌片及其制备方法和应用。挥发油香薰抑菌片用于插入在装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板上，抑菌片受热后，里面的挥发油成分蒸发出来扩散到周边的空气中，达到抑制空气中各种病菌的活性。挥发油抑菌片由多个不同种类的芳香植物，按一定比例混合在一起，经过蒸馏后分离得到广谱性抑菌挥发油成分。用软木制成所需大小的薄片，浸透蒸馏所得挥发油，制成挥发油香薰抑菌片。本申请的挥发油香薰抑菌片通过加热产生的挥发性芳香成分能够减弱空气中有害病菌的活性，并且能够通过自身的香味对周边空气进行净化，改善周边环境的氛围。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及植物提取物技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种挥发油香薰抑菌片及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
人类居住场所的空气中存在诸多对人体有害的病毒和有害微生物，如流感病毒等。病原微生物将通过空气传播，并感染人群。这些病原性微生物常用化学杀菌剂，如酒精、次氯酸等灭杀，也可以通过紫外线照射等物理方法来杀灭或减少有害病菌。
现有的消毒剂、杀菌剂和空气清新剂等，基本上都是人工合成的化学制剂，在消毒、杀菌、空气清新的同时对人体和环境会造成一定的危害，并且气味刺鼻。
酒精对有害病菌消杀效果非常好，也是天然物发酵后提取的，但是，酒精是易燃物，某一些场合明文规定不允许用酒精做消杀。
本发明是利用芳香植物挥发油的抑杀菌性，制成的香薰抑菌片，具有清新空气和抑菌效果，且又不污染环境，对人体无伤害，气味芳香。
采用芳香植物提取的挥发油作为抑菌剂具有一定优势，气味芳香、安全低毒无残留，对生态平衡无影响，符合环保要求。
“芳香祛秽、闻香祛病”的疾病防治方法在我国也由来已久，中药学理论认为，芳香可以祛秽、开窍、醒脾等作用。
挥发油有多种生理活性，抑菌作用是其重要的生理活性之一。挥发油中的萜类、酚类、醇类赋予挥发油具有较强的抗菌性。挥发油常见的抗菌成分见表1。
表1芳香植物挥发油(精油)中常见抗菌成分
柑橘(Citrus)，属芸香科(Rutaceae)植物，是一种在全球温暖地带中广泛种植的水果。柑橘叶挥发油(精油)，内含石竹烯对呼吸系统的细菌有很强的抑制作用，同时也有止咳、平喘、抗真菌的作用，石竹烯的中国GB 2760-1996批准为允许使用的食品香料；
迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)，为唇形科(Labiatae)迷迭香属常绿小灌木。迷迭香挥发油，内含ot一蒎烯和l,8一桉叶油素，迷迭香挥发油对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有抗菌效果，对几种霉菌也表现出了较强的抗菌活性，说明其具有广谱的抗菌性；
艾叶(ArtemisiaargyiLev.letVant)为菊科多年生草本植物艾的干燥叶。艾叶挥发油对炭疽杆菌、金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有抑制作用；
茶树(Melaleuca leucadendra Linn)为桃金娘科白千层属(Melaleuca)常绿乔木。内含α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和柠檬烯等萜烯类化合物可增强空气的清新感，同时可以调节人体的神经系统，对人体具有保健作用；内含柠檬烯、石竹烯等成分具有一定的抗菌、抗炎作用；
柠檬尤加利，为桉树属Eucalyptusspp桃金娘科Myrtacea，有关这种精
油之抗菌杀菌作用，首先是由德国的克罗埃(Cloiez)、兹斯特(Faust)、荷梅尔(Homeyer)医师提出报告(1870年)。他们将尤加利精油列为发汗剂、兴奋剂、抗粘膜炎剂与收敛剂，用于所有的呼吸系统疾病，诸如支气管炎、流行性感冒、气喘与咳嗽；
柠檬香茅(Citronella)，又称为柠檬草，热带禾本科，散发着柠檬般的芳香。繁殖能力强，东南亚常用香料。香茅含有柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅醇、香叶烯、香茅醛、牻牛儿醇、茴香醇等成份，由强烈柠檬香味，含高达70至85％柠檬醛(citral)，具有抑菌功效，是重要的芳香调料；
薄荷(Mentha hyplocalyx Briq)，为唇形科。薄荷挥发油内含薄荷醇，薄荷醇能减少呼吸道的泡沫痰，使有效通气腔道增加。同时，薄荷醇的抗刺激作用导致气管产生新的分泌，而使稠厚的黏液易排出，故有祛痰作用；
薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mil1)，属唇形科薰衣草属，为多年生常绿亚灌木。薰衣草的药用历史悠久，具有抗惊厥、抗抑郁、抗焦虑、镇静催眠、解痉利尿、解腹胀和抗呼吸道感染的作用，此外，它还用于癫痫、偏头痛和疼痛的治疗；
岩兰草(Andropogonmuricatus)，禾本科。挥发油气味芬芳，驱蚊虫。蒸发速率慢，常用来作为香水中的定香剂。
随着化工合成的化学抑菌剂大量使用，对环境造成一定的污染，一定程度上影响到人类的生存和健康。由此，对环境无污染、安全高效的天然植物提取的抑菌剂，是今后的发展方向。
发明内容
本发明克服了单品芳香植物挥发油其芳香气味比较单一，留香时间短，不具备广谱抑菌，不能满足大众需求的缺点，本发明采用多种芳香植物，按不同比例组方，蒸馏后得到不同香型的抑菌挥发油，可以满足大众不一样的感官要求，气味芬芳，留香时间长，具有广谱抑菌效果的挥发油。用软木片浸吸后，插入在装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板上，软木片受热后，浸入在软木片里面的挥发油成分蒸发出来扩散到周边的空气中。。
本发明提供一种挥发油香薰抑菌片所用挥发油，是由多种芳香植物按一定比例混合后蒸馏所得，所述多种芳香植物按重量百分比计包括如下组分为例：柑橘枝叶20％，迷迭香枝叶15％，艾叶15％，茶树枝叶10％，柠檬尤加利枝叶10％，柠檬香茅10％，薄荷枝叶10％，薰衣草枝叶8％，岩兰草根部2％。
所述挥发油香薰抑菌片所用挥发油按照如下方法制备：
(1)分别把柑橘枝叶、迷迭香枝叶、艾叶、茶树枝叶、柠檬尤加利枝叶、柠檬香茅、薄荷枝叶、薰衣草枝叶、岩兰草根。经过分拣、水洗和晾晒后破碎成碎削备用；
(2)将以上各种芳香植物碎削按照权利要求1所述重量百分比充分混合后堆放成堆，然后向碎削堆中喷淋湿润剂，喷淋结束后使用塑料膜覆盖木削堆，再将塑料膜周边压实，在94-96％的湿度条件下静置发酵5-8h；本步骤中，所述湿润剂的组分包括水和乙醇；
(3)静置发酵结束后，将碎削堆中的碎削取出投入到蒸馏罐中，对取出的碎削进行常压水上蒸馏，在98-106℃蒸馏2-3h，再在145-155℃蒸馏3-4h蒸馏过程中对馏出来的原液进行油水分离，得到抑菌性挥发油，同时分离出来的纯露返回到蒸汽发生器里面变成蒸汽继续对蒸馏罐里面的碎削继续蒸馏。
(4)经过蒸馏后分离得到抑菌性挥发油，用来浸泡软木制成的薄片，制成挥发油香薰抑菌片。
(5)含有抑菌挥发油的软木片插入在装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板上，软木片受热后，浸入到里面的挥发油成分蒸发出来扩散到周边的空气中。
挥发油香薰抑菌片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将多种芳香植物碎削按一定比例混合，装进蒸馏罐，经过蒸馏得到抑菌性挥发油；
(2)用软质的木头，制成大小薄厚合适的软木薄片，把软木片浸在蒸馏得到抑菌性挥发油中浸透取出，用铝箔袋包装，制成挥发油香薰抑菌片。
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：
1、本申请的挥发油香薰抑菌片，经过加热产生的芳香挥发性气体，能够有效抑制空气中有害病菌的活性。
同时，随着香气的扩散，人体通过鼻腔吸入后，又能进一步调节人体的神经系统，促进血液循环，加速新陈代谢，使人体相应器官分泌出有益健康的激素和体液，增强人体免疫力和机体活力，有效地预防各种疾病的发生。特别是在流行性呼吸系统疾病传播频繁期间，使用带有抑菌功能的芳香挥发油是预防疾病，治未病的有效手段。
2、本申请中将各种芳香植物碎削按照重量百分比充分混合后堆放成堆，然后向碎削堆中喷淋湿润剂，本步骤中，所述湿润剂有助于植物中挥发性成分的提取效果，有助于提高挥发油的产量。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例、制备例和对比例对本申请作进一步详细说明，本申请涉及的多种芳香植物可通过种植或市售获得，其它辅助物料可以通过市售获得。
抑菌性挥发油制备例
以下以实施例为例说明。
实施例1：
本制备例中，湿润剂由乙醇和水混合而成，乙醇和水的重量比为4.5:1。
本制备例中，抑菌性挥发油按照以下方法制备：
(1)选择无病虫害、无腐烂、无枯黄、外观良好的上述芳香植物原料，经过水洗后晾晒至恒重，然后再破成碎削，按组方要求的比例混合后备用；
(2)将碎削堆放成堆，然后向碎削堆中喷淋湿润剂，喷淋结束后使用塑料膜覆盖碎削堆，再使用石块将塑料膜周边压实，在95％的湿度条件下静置6h；本步骤中，湿润剂的用量为碎削堆重量的7％；
(3)静置结束后，将碎削堆中的碎削取出，放入蒸馏罐内，对取出的碎削进行常压水上蒸馏，在100℃蒸馏3h，再在150℃蒸馏4h后得到馏出原液，对馏出原液进行油水分离，得到抑菌性挥发油和纯露，把纯露再加热成蒸汽通入蒸馏罐里，继续对物料进行蒸馏。
如表2，制备例1-5的不同之处在于湿润剂中乙醇和水的重量比不同。
表2湿润剂中乙醇和水的重量比
| 样本 | 制备例1 | 制备例2 | 制备例3 | 制备例4 | 制备例5 |
| 乙醇：水 | 4.5:1 | 4.6:1 | 4.8:1 | 5.0:1 | 5.1:1 |
实施例1-5，如表3：
以下以实施例为例进行说明。
本实施例中，挥发油香薰抑菌片按照以下步骤制备：
(1)将实施例1的柑橘、迷迭香、艾叶、茶树、柠檬尤加利、柠檬香茅、薄荷、薰衣草、岩兰草根部按比例混合后，经过蒸馏得到抑菌性挥发油；
(2)用滤纸过滤掉挥发油中的杂质，用无水硫酸钠去除挥发油中的水分，用软木片浸吸挥发油，得到挥发油香薰抑菌片。
如表3,实施例1-5的不同之处主要在于原料配比不同。
表3抑菌性挥发油各组分原料所占的重量百分比
本对比例不同，获得不同风味的挥发油，具备了广谱抑菌性，可以满足不同群体的需求。
性能检测试验方法
对比条件选择体积相同(5.0m×3.0m×3.0m)10个室内空间
1、紫外灯灭菌组：紫外线消毒车，功率60W，数量1台,置于房间中央开机5h，施用时关闭门窗，室内无法进入人员活动。
2、挥发油香薰抑菌片组：含抑菌性挥发油2mg/片的香薰片，插入装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板上加热。施用后5h来监测空气中微生物数量。施用时关闭门窗,宿舍人员照常活动。
采样方法分别于施用前采样、施用后即刻采样和施用后5h采样，用平板沉降法(平板暴露法)，分别收集房间内空气标本，在每个采样宿舍布放5个普通营养琼脂平板(用于细菌总数)。按照《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T1888322002)【10】的要求进行，采样点选择各室内四角和中央，距离地面和墙角1.0m，暴露60min。然后将平板置37℃恒温箱培养24h，然后记录每个平板的菌落数,并按下列公式计算每立方米的菌落数(cfu/m3)，并计算下降率【11】。
空气细菌菌落数(cfu/m3)＝50 000N/AT。N为平板菌落数(cfu/平板),T为平板暴露时间(min),A为平板面积(cm2)。
细菌下降率(％)＝(施用前细菌数-施用后细菌数)/施用前细菌数×100％。
试验结果检测结果见表4，检测结果表明8个房间室内空气中细菌数有明显差别，以4号房间细菌菌落总数最高(1 105cfu/m3)，而8号宿舍细菌菌落总数较低(131cfu/m3)，但均符合我国《室内空气质量标准》，室内空气菌落总数≤2 500cfu/cm3为合格。
世界卫生组织认为，空气中微生物浓度为700～1 800cfu/m3时，有发生空气感染的明显危险因素，当≤180cfu/m3时，就安全得多，施用前只有1个房间达到安全标准，施用后全部宿舍均达到安全标准。
表4空气抑菌效果比较
使用两种不同实验方法后,细菌下降率均有不同程度的下降,结果显示两种实验方法在施用后即刻、5h与施用前比较均有显著性差异,且5h后的下降率远高于施用后即刻,说明两种方法都有良好的效果。
利用挥发油香薰抑菌片对微生物进行抑制不用避开人群，气味芳香，不会影响室内人员工作和生活。紫外灯工作过程中会产生的难闻臭氧气味，并且对人体的皮肤会产生灼伤，相比之下，采用挥发油香薰抑菌片对环境进行消杀更方便易行,乐于让人接受。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (6)
1.一种挥发油香薰抑菌片，其特征在于，所述挥发油香薰抑菌片用于插入装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板上，所述挥发油香薰抑菌片所用挥发油，是由多种芳香植物按一定比例混合后蒸馏所得，所述多种芳香植物按重量百分比计包括如下组分为例：柑橘枝叶20%，迷迭香枝叶15%，艾叶15%，茶树枝叶10%，柠檬尤加利枝叶10%，柠檬香茅10%，薄荷枝叶10%，薰衣草枝叶8%，岩兰草根部2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挥发油香薰抑菌片，其特征在于，所述挥发油香薰抑菌片所用挥发油，是由多种芳香植物按一定比例混合后蒸馏所得，所述多种芳香植物按重量百分比计包括如下组分为例柑橘枝叶20%，迷迭香枝叶15%，艾叶15%，茶树枝叶10%，柠檬尤加利枝叶10%，柠檬香茅10%，薄荷枝叶10%，薰衣草枝叶8%，岩兰草根部2%。也可以变换组分比例，得到不同风味的挥发油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的挥发油香薰抑菌片，其特征在于，所述挥发油香薰抑菌片所用挥发油按照如下方法制备：
（1）分别把柑橘枝叶、迷迭香枝叶、艾叶、茶树枝叶、柠檬尤加利枝叶、柠檬香茅、薄荷枝叶、薰衣草枝叶、岩兰草根经过分拣、水洗和晾晒后破碎成碎削备用；
（2）将以上各种芳香植物碎削按照权利要求1所述重量百分比充分混合后堆放成堆，然后向碎削堆中喷淋湿润剂，喷淋结束后使用塑料膜覆盖木削堆，再将塑料膜周边压实，在94%-96%的湿度条件下静置发酵5-8h；（3）静置发酵结束后，将碎削堆中的碎削取出投入到蒸馏罐中，对取出的碎削进行常压水上蒸馏，在98-106℃蒸馏2-3h，再在145-155℃蒸馏3-4h蒸馏过程中对馏出来的原液进行油水分离，得到抑菌性挥发油，同时分离出来的纯露返回到蒸汽发生器里面变成蒸汽继续对蒸馏罐里面的碎削继续蒸馏；
（4）经过蒸馏后分离得到抑菌性挥发油，用来浸泡软木制成的薄片，制成挥发油香薰抑菌片；
（5）含有抑菌挥发油的软木片插入在装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板上，软木片受热后，浸入到里面的挥发油成分蒸发出来扩散到周边的空气中。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的挥发油香薰抑菌片的其制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将多种芳香植物碎削按一定比例混合，装进蒸馏罐，经过蒸馏得到抑菌性挥发油；
（2）用软质的木头，制成大小薄厚合适的软木薄片，把软木片浸在蒸馏得到抑菌性挥发油中浸透取出，用铝箔袋包装，制成挥发油香薰抑菌片。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的挥发油香薰抑菌片的应用，其特征在于，包括将挥发油香薰抑菌片插入在装有热敏电阻加热器的电源插板和墙壁开关插座上，软木片受热后，里面的挥发油成分蒸发出来扩散到周边的空气中。
6.根据权利要求3所述的挥发油香薰抑菌片的应用，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，所述湿润剂的组分包括水和乙醇。
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